| Page # | Chapter | Added to Final Published Errata | Published April 2017 | Section | Fact Name | Supporting Reference(s) | Main Comment | Submission type | Submission type triaged by staff | First author comment | Second author comment | Editor comment | Editor determination based on Prelim feedback | First Expert Reviewer | 1st Expert Reviewer Feedback | 2nd Expert Reviewer | 2nd Expert Reviewer Feedback | Editor determination based on Expert feedback | Added to 2016 errata Goggle doc-in-progress | Final wording on Errata | Added to 2018 Annotate | GC amount | GC paid | Date Submitted | First Name | Last Name | Null | MOVE TO 2017 | Added to 2017 Annotate | |||||
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| 1 | 1 | Section I |  | | Physiology | Electrolyte disturbances | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2088140-overview | The errata submission form doesn't allow comments on Selected USMLE Laboratory values, page XX (before Section 1). This is primarily a comment on reference values on page XX. Please consider changing the reference range for Mg2+ to 1.5 - 2 mEq/L. Also note that Mg levels are given in mg/dL on p. 560 (1,2 mg/dL = 0.49 mmol/L; this is a very low level). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Added to Annotate. -CD | Agree to this change, 1.5-2 is the range given on the official usmle website. Source: http://www.usmle.org/pdfs/step-1/2016samples_step1.pdf -Connie | |  | | 03/11/17 12:23 PM | Vasily | Ovechko | vasilyovechko@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2 | 1 | Section I | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | No link needed. | I think this book (USMLE step 1) could include a “clinical pearl” section for each pathology. Listing treatments beneath the pathology and their respective mechanisms of actions and adverse effects on a different page and section can be very confusing and misleading. If treatment was given in a bit more detail as well as clinical manifestations and their differential diagnosis would improve the learning experience significantly. This would not have to be excessive, as maybe a small box for each or most pathologies would suffice. (The explanations for the practice question book is a great example of how much it amplifies learning; adopting something similar to each pathology would improve our learning). | Clarification to current text | Verified | While this is a nice idea, I feel like the book's purpose is to have the key facts we need to know, not a ton of details. Adding this would need an extensive change to the book's format, and also would probably just crowd the page. Leaning towards reject, or we could defer to next year if this is something people want to implement? -Connie Q | I agree with the other author. The book is designed to only include HY facts, so including clinical pearls is not necessary. Reject. - Sarah | | | | 03/29/17 12:41 PM | Felipe | Solares | filosolares@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 3 | 7 | Section I | | | Section I | Section I | not needed | on the final paragraph of the section "What about time?," the first sentence of the paragraph incorrectly reads "...to 'check out' of the secure resting room..." when the word "resting" should actually be replaced with "testing" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | 01/02/17 11:36 PM | Andrew | Richardson | andrew.richardson09@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 4 | 7 | Section I | | | Section I | Section I | not needed | In the first sentence of the section "What about time?," the first sentence reads "Time is of special interst on the CBT exam." Since the initial "T" in CBT stands for test, this sentence could also have been rendered, "Time is of special interest on the computer based test exam." In my opinion, it is redundant to say "test exam" and the word "exam" could be dropped from the sentence. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | -Connie Q | | | | 01/02/17 11:38 PM | Andrew | Richardson | andrew.richardson09@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 5 | 7 | Section I | | | Section I | NEW FACT | No link needed. | Under the "What about Time?" on the side please add that you should write down the equations and mnemonics on scratch paper during the 15 min tutorial. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree -- if you can skip the tutorial and have more break time that's probably more favorable than brain-dumping before the exam | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 08/04/17 1:05 PM | Vikrant | Bhatnagar | vb431114@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 6 | 8 | Section I | | | Section I | Section I | USMLE test score | should be 3 sections: physician task, discipline, systems | Major erratum | Verified | Propose to reject. I could only find the "physician task" section on Step 2 score reports, couldn't find any examples of this being on the step 1 score report? -Connie Q Edit: agree with Sarah on the 3 sections, double checked with a friend who received her score report yesterday! | I think all three sections are now part of the Step 1 profile (see attached screenshots). I added a sample image to Annotate - Sarah | | | | 03/23/17 12:28 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 7 | 9 | Section I | | | Section I | Section I | USMLE test score | the new performance profile includes a few extra headings given in the pic provided with this errata | Clarification to current text | Verified | Propose to accept change, the image of the sample performance profile is outdated, there are more sections under the "systems" heading. Attached is what was included on my score report from May 2016 -Connie Q | I agree. We should also include the physician tasks section. - Sarah | | | | 03/08/17 8:01 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 8 | 11 | Section I | | | Section I | NEW FACT | https://nsas.nbme.org/home | 6 line to the end of the page: it is said that "but do not show you the correct answer or explain why your choice was wrong.", however from 10th July 2017 NBME started to provide the correct answer to questions. There is no 50$ type of assessment available. | Clarification to current text | YES I am migrating this -Connie source: https://nsas.nbme.org/home http://www.nbme.org/PDF/NSAS/NSAS_Program_Information_Guide.pdf | | | | 07/30/17 2:45 PM | Parnaz | Daneshpajouhnejad | paeanox@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 9 | 12 | Section I | | | Section I | Section I | not needed | In the final paragraph in the section, "Defining your goal," in the sentence that reads, "This is more likely to be seen in competitive specialties (eg orthopedic surgery, ophthalmology...," there is a comma missing after the abbreviation "eg." See page 13 in the middle paragraph as a comparison for correctly using a comma after "eg." | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | -Connie Q | Agree - Sarah | | | | 01/03/17 12:02 AM | Andrew | Richardson | andrew.richardson09@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 10 | 12 | Section I | | | Section I | Section I | not needed | In the next to last sentence of the final paragraph on this page, which reads, "In fact, many residency programs value other criteria such as letters of recommendation, third-year clerkship grades, honors, and research experience more than a high score on Step 1," the clause that begins with "such as..." and ends with "...and research experience" is very long and would best be separated from the rest of the sentence (which would otherwise read, "In fact, many residency programs value other criteria...more than a high score on Step 1") by commas before and after the clause. The edited sentence would then read, "In fact, many residency programs value other criteria, such as letters of recommendation, third-year clerkship grades, honors, and research experience, more than a high score on Step 1." | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | don't want to set the precedent for encouraging this kind of nitpicking.--edu | | | | 01/03/17 12:09 AM | Andrew | Richardson | andrew.richardson09@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 11 | 13 | Section I | | | Section I | NEW FACT | https://www.aamc.org/data/448478/b1table.html | To figure 3, please add Thoracic Surgery. Last year average was 240.9 and the 25th percentile was 231, and 75th %tile was 253. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The image we used is very closely based off of the one in the NRMP official match outcomes. Thoracic surgery isn't on there. We can consider adding it for next year, but I don't think it's very necessary. This chart gives a good overview of major specialties. -Connie Q | | | | 08/04/17 1:10 PM | Vikrant | Bhatnagar | vb431114@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 12 | 13 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.nbome.org/docs/Flipbooks/ComlexBOI/index.html#p=13 | "Note that effective July 1, 2016, candidates taking COMLEX-USA examinations will be limited to a total of six attempts for each examination." should be updated to "Note that effective July 1, 2016, candidates taking COMLEX-USA examinations are be limited to a total of six attempts for each examination." | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | 04/24/17 8:23 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 13 | 15 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.nbome.org/docs/COMLEX_Master_Blueprint_2018-2019.pdf | While COMBANK and COMQUEST are acceptable resources for studying for COMLEX, one piece that holds for all 3 levels of the exam is the OMT Review book by Robert Savarese DO. The book goes through all important concepts on the OPP for the exam and includes 400 practice questions specifically regarding the OPP portion of the exam. Since it represents at minimum 10% of the test it is a high yield resource for students to study. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I was not a DO student but this sounds like an excellent addition! I'll migrate this suggestion over to Annotate - Sarah | | | 5 | | 04/21/17 7:25 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 14 | 15 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.nbome.org/Dimension_1_outline.asp | In addition to testing OPP the COMLEX is known to test specific laws and court cases such as Tarasoff, Cruzan, Schloendorff, as well as the Safford Act, Public Health Service Act, and Emergency Treamtent Act. Students would be well served to study from COMBANK and COMQUEST to be exposed to these cases before test day. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Again, I don't have first-hand experience taking the COMPLEX but this sounds like a great addition from someone who's clearly more familiar with the exam. I'll migrate this over to Annotate - Sarah | | | 5 | | 04/21/17 7:32 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 15 | 15 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.nbome.org/docs/COMLEX_Master_Blueprint_2018-2019.pdf | Ethical questions may be tested in different ways on COMLEX than USMLE. For example some latin ethical principles such ass "volenti non-fit injura" and "res ipsa loquitor" come up on the exam. Studying from COMBANK and COMQUEST will help students get some of these easy points in the ethical section, that are not covered in USMLE question banks | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We can probably incorporate this information. - Sarah | | | 5 | | 04/21/17 7:38 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 16 | 15 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.osteopathic.org/inside-aoa/news-and-publications/media-center/Pages/osteopathic-style-guide.aspx | at the bottom of the page, the supplement refers to doctor of osteopathy students. This is generally an outdated term with Doctor of osteopathic Medicine being the more common terminology. Doctor of Osteopathy is often a degree in other countries which do not provide licences to practice medicine to DOs | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree. The terminology should be updated. - Sarah | | | | 04/21/17 9:11 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 17 | 15 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.nbome.org/docs/The_Osteopathic_Examiner_02-2017.pdf | There are some major changes occuring to the testing interface this year for the COMLEX which need to be edited for the next edition of this suplement. "Optional Break Time for examinees will change this year. Breaks up to 10 minutes taken during a scheduled time, will not count against the total examination time, provided they do not exceed the allotted 10 minutes. The new breaks will continue to take place between sections 2 and 3 in the morning session, and sections 6 and 7 in the afternoon session for standard exam administrations. The optional 40 minute lunchtime break will remain in effect and will not count against the time allotted for taking the examination. Lab values with reference ranges (where applicable) will be embedded directly in the test questions and clinical cases that appear on each examination. A standard calculator feature will be built into the examinations" | Major erratum | Verified | I agree - this information needs updating as suggested (provided reference supports this) - Sarah | | | | 04/21/17 9:17 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 18 | 15 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.osteopathic.org/inside-aoa/single-gme-accreditation-system/Pages/default.aspx | With the merger of AOA and ACGME programs, "If you are applying to allopathic residencies" should be changed to "If you are applying to formerly allopathic residencies". Additionally, there should be a comment to the ACGME merger in this section. | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree. We should add a short note mentioning this although the merger won't be complete until 2020. - Sarah | Let's migrate to annotate and probably defer it until relevant, it's a little early to add it to the book for FA2018 purposes. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/24/17 8:18 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 19 | 16 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | https://www.nbome.org/docs/NBOME%20Fundamental%20Osteopathic%20Medical%20Competencies.pdf https://www.nbome.org/docs/COMLEX_Master_Blueprint_2018-2019.pdf | COMLEX Level 1 includes several questions concerning management of a dissorder. A concept not frequently tested on USMLE Step 1, but instead on USMLE Step 2. Some students have found it helpful to not only memorize first aid for step 1 but also take a quick skim through first aid for step 2 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree - Sarah | If this is true it's fine to mention in the book, I don't know enough about COMLEX so I guess we can take his word for it -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/21/17 7:19 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 20 | 16 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.nbome.org/comsae-samples.asp http://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2094455 | The supplement states "The NBOME developed the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Self-Assessment Examination (COMSAE) series to fill the need for selfassessment on the part of osteopathic medical students. Many students take the COMSAE exam before the COMLEX-USA in addition to using test-bank questions and board review books. Students can purchase a copy of this exam at www.nbome.org/comsae.asp" It should be noted in this question that the practice test is not normed to predict COMLEX performance. Additionally, ranking the COMSAE as most useful towards COMLEX was a negative predictor of scoring over a 600 on comlex. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We can probably add a small note saying that COMSAE scores are not predictive of COMLEX scores. - Sarah | Same deal with CBSSA and USMLE -- decent predictor but not something to hang your hat on. Will migrate to annotate though. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/24/17 2:14 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 21 | 17 | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Section I Supplement | NEW FACT | http://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Charting-Outcomes-US-Osteopathic-2016.pdf | With the NRMP Charting outcomes report, it would be helpful to students if the graph was included of COMLEX scores and match into different specialties as is included on page 13 of the FA 2017 book. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Even though the book focuses on the USMLE, I think it would be fair and reasonable to add such a graph in the online supplement considering that we dedicate quite a few pages to COMLEX. - Sarah | OK to consider, moved to annotate -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/24/17 2:20 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 22 | 23 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac output | n/a | we know that stroke volume is inversely related to after load, so an increased after load would cause reduced stroke volume leading to reduced cardiac output (CO = SVxHR), and therefore reduced oxygen consumption. This seem to be opposite to the fact box 'factors that increase O2 consumption' . Need clarification. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. Commentor did not provide right page number nor could I find the fact box where this is stated.-MR | Agree, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 08/09/17 10:25 PM | jiawei | Xu | steve198611@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 23 | 32 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Chromatin structure | UWORLD | Euchromatin- Apoptosis Happens Here | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I think this is LY. It is also stating a somewhat obvious fact ... The DNA has to be released from it's tightly wound conformation to be destroyed -ScottM | Reject. This is low-yield. -Vasily | Agree with authors that we may reject this ,as would not be a valuable addition that is of value to the exam. Very brief and unsupported as well! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/09/17 8:57 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 24 | 32 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | NEW FACT | http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2440 | In 'DNA Methylation' it says "Template strand cytosine and adenine...". Adenine should be replaced with guanine. Because cytosine binds with guanine. | Major erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. Reference provided by the reader does not support the suggestion. -Vasily | | | | 09/12/17 12:41 PM | Ahmed | Abushamma | ahmed.abushamma95@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 25 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Nucleotides | Copyright (c) UWorld, Please do not save, print, cut, copy or paste anything while a test is active. | "Deamination of adenine makes guanine" is incorrect. Deamination of cytosine, adenine, and guanine forms uracil, hypoxanthine, and xanthine, respectively. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree. Please replace "Deamination of adenine makes guanine" with "Deamination of adenine and guanine makes hypoxanthine and xanthine, respectively." -VV 1. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Section 27.6, Mutations Involve Changes in the Base Sequence of DNA. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22525/ | Agree, valid erratum. Confirmed per VV's sources. Deamination reactions are important for nucleotides and are as follows per my assessment: Deamination of cytosine makes uracil. Deamination of adenine makes hypoxanthine. Deamination of guanine makes xanthine. Would replace the first two sentences with the three above, such that are are correct. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Howard Steinman | I see two options. #1 As proposed by Matt, replace the two current "Deamination of..." sentences with the three "Deamination of..." sentences listed above. #2 Deamination is physiologically important because it can lead to errors in DNA replication by creating mismatches. Using that fact as a basis for the errata, I suggest adding a fourth line: "Deamination of 5-methyl cytosine makes thymine." A note for next year: We could mention that spontaneous deamination reactions lead to errors in DNA replication. | | In column 2 of the Nucleotides fact, replace the lines "Deamination of cytosine makes uracil." and "Deamination of adenine makes guanine." with: Deamination of cytosine makes uracil. Deamination of adenine makes hypoxanthine. Deamination of guanine makes xanthine. Deamination of 5-methylcytosine makes thymine. | | 20 | | 01/05/17 1:00 PM | Mohammad | Zmaili | mohd.z1992@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 26 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | n/a | Methotrexate, Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine in huMans, bacTeria, and Protozoa (or Man, Tiny bugs, Parasites) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Useful distinction while still grouping by function (inhibiting synthesis) | Clever, I am open to considering this as well. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/08/17 2:47 PM | Latrice | Hogue | soulfine@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 27 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Nucleotides | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22525/ | Deamination of adenine makes guanine , this is wrong .. deamination of adenine makes hypoxanthine | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/13/17 3:31 AM | omar | sawas | omarsawas1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 28 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Nucleotides | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/guanine#section=Top, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/xanthine#section=Top, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/cytosine#section=Top, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/uracil#section=Top, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/adenine#section=2D-Structure, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hypoxanthine#section=2D-Structure | Text says "deamination of cytosine makes uracil, deamination of adenine makes guanine". The former is true- the latter not so much (there are a few additional changes needed to make adenine into guanine). However, deamination of adenine will make hypoxanthine, and deamination of guanine will make xanthine. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/02/17 5:20 PM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 29 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | Many sources available for this, but here's an easily accesibly one: http://www.biochemden.com/pyrimidine-synthesis/ | In the pathway shown for pyrimidine base production, in the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate to orotic acid, it shows 3 reactions without showing the intermediates. It shows that asparate gets added during the second reaction, and that leflunomide blocks the second reaction. In reality, however, aspartate gets added in the first reaction (to make carbamoyl aspartate), and leflunomide blocks the third reaction (which uses dihydroorotate dehydrogenase to convert diydroorotate to orotic acid). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. LY, too nit picky. -ScottM | disagree, USMLE won't test a small detail like this, more of concepts and big picture, no changes. Richard G | Reviewed the pathways. Have to agree, while the submission is correct, I do not believe it would be of value for medical students to learn the details of such a reaction. This is better knowledge for someone who requires an intimate knowledge of such pathways, eg, a full fledged biochemist! For this reason, I agree with the authors to reject the clarification/addition. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/03/17 11:07 AM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 30 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/42/3/415 https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5429/orotic-aciduria-type-1 | In the diagram , it is mentioned " Impaired in orotic aciduria" . It has to be "Impaired in hereditary orotic aciduria".Note the term "hereditary" in the name of the disease. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/12/17 8:12 AM | Anisha | Adhikari | aneeshameet@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 31 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | UWORLD,,, and from NCBI, the following link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22525/ | Deamination of adenine makes guanine. However, other references specifically mentioned that deamination of adenine makes hypoxanthine... | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/29/17 10:32 PM | Mustafa | Alaziz | alaziz.2@wright.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 32 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | first aid 2017 page 398 Macrocytic anemia > orotic aciduria | In chart, add enzyme UMP SYNTHASE from orotic acid to UMP reaction which is impaired in orotic aciduria. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Even though this has a clinical correlate, it is covered in Heme/Onc and this addition would make the figure way too crowded. -SM | I think this can be done if we resize the figure. We can expand it both vertically and horizontally. Currently half of the page is empty. Let's consider this for 2019. -Vasily | | | | 05/13/17 6:40 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 33 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azathioprine; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidophosphoribosyltransferase | In chart, add enzyme PRPP AMIDOTRANSFERASE from PRPP to IMP reaction which is inhibited by 6-Mercaptopurine and its prodrug azathioprine. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This seems like an acceptable change. We have the room for an enzyme. add "PRPP amidotransferase" between the line and the 6-MP arrow. -SM | I think this can be done if we resize the figure. We can expand it both vertically and horizontally. Currently half of the page is empty. Let's consider this for 2019. -Vasily | | | | 05/13/17 6:44 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 34 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | first aid 2017 page 33 text explaining De novo purine and pyramidine synthesis; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMP_dehydrogenase | In chart, add enzyme INOSITOL MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE from IMP to AMP and GMP reaction which is inhibited by ribavirin and mycophenolate. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not enough room. I don't think that this is a HY enzyme. -SM | I think this can be done if we resize the figure. We can expand it both vertically and horizontally. Currently half of the page is empty. Let's consider this for 2019. -Vasily | | | | 05/13/17 6:48 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 35 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16176880 | Imperative to add to the De novo Pyrimidine and purine synthesis diagram that the enzyme deficient in Orotic aciduria is UMP synthethase. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | We have this on page 398 -SM | Thank you for the suggestion. We have already received a similar suggestion from a different reader. -Vasily | | | | 09/06/17 6:46 PM | Scarlett | Decamps | scarlettdecamps@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 36 | 34 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Purine salvage deficiencies | FA 2016 pg448 | Add to figure in this page: conversion of uric acid to allantoin | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Replace "Urine" with Allantoin and replace "excretion" with "excretion in urine -scott M | agree with first author, good suggestion to clear up confusion. Richard G | I support adding this in, much more relevant to the pharmacology that students are expected to know. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/22/17 5:28 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||
| 37 | 34 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Genetic code features | None | Remember that tryptophan is encoded by UGG because you "tryp" when you wear "UGG" shoes | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Low yield could use on better topics - CC | Yeah, too focused a mnemonic and not really helpful. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/06/17 2:50 PM | Luke | He | lghz58@mail.umkc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 38 | 34 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | NEW FACT | N/A | Mneumonic for remembering absent enzyme in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: "HGPRT = He's Got Purine Recovery Troubles" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. There's nothing in the mnemonic that eliminates the possibility of thinking it's "He's got pyrimidine recovery troubles." built in confusion -CC | We had this mnemonic in the past, actually. We modified it to be more focused on the symptoms. I say we need not change it further. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/22/17 9:28 AM | Chris | Dinh | cdinh924@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 39 | 34 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psb.62/pdf | Mnemonic for Number Needed to Harm equation (hARm NNH = 1/AR) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already included in current edition. - MR | Per Miguel -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/16/17 8:24 PM | Evan | DaBreo | evandabreo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 40 | 35 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA replication | Grammatical error | Should be 'A RNA...' under the telomerase heading | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. Per Purdue Owl, use an if the letter sounds like it starts witha vowel. Text is fine as is. -VV | "An RNA" is fine. Reject erratum. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 9:59 PM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 41 | 35 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA replication | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tools-for-genetics-and-genomics-polymerase-chain-reaction | think "1-way excision" for DNA polymerase 1 | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/03/17 10:23 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 42 | 35 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA replication | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication | In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication is semiconservative, involves both continuous and discontinuous (okazaki fragments) strands, in which DNA template is read by 3’ to 5’ direction and strands are synthesised by 5’ to 3’ direction. | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is actually a good differentiation. I like that the client mentions the reading direction and the synthesizing direction. Suggest implementation and addition of "DNA template is read 3' to 5' and strands are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction." -SM | I guess we can add this, but I'm not 100% sure if it's really HY. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 6:03 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 43 | 35 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA replication | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7015 | Regarding telomerase - although it is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, a better description would be a reverse transcriptase with an intrinsic RNA template. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I like the RNA dependent DNA polymerase better myself. -SM | Either way makes sense to me. I don't think that one is preferable over the other. -Vasily | | | | 05/10/17 1:38 PM | Alanna | Hickey | alanna.hickey@umassmed.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 44 | 35 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | DNA replication | It's just a mnemonic though. I don't think it needs a reference :) | "I"rinotecan inhibits eukaryotic topoisomerase "I"; E("two")poside inhibits eukaryotic topoisomerase II (two) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/08/17 10:37 AM | Roberto Enrico | Imperial | resimperial@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 45 | 35 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA replication | UWORD Q.Id. 1436, and https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_syndrome | In the Helicase headline, add this: "Bloom syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disease. It is due to mutation of BLM gene which encodes DNA helicase. It manifestations include: growth retardation, facial anomalies ( e.g., microcephaly), photosensitivity, rash, and immunodeficiency. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not the right place for it. This also seems LY. -SM | Agree with Scott. Likely LY. I think we also discussed this on Annotate during crowdsourcing. SS | | | | 08/11/17 3:22 PM | Omid | Shafaat | omid.shafaat@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 46 | 36 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Mutations in DNA | N/A | Examples of Splice Site mutations: BCDE = Beta-thalassemia, C=cancers, D= dementia, E=epilepsy | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Seems arbitrary - CC | Agree, random and not helpful for actually learning the material. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/10/17 9:45 PM | Khashayar | Arianpour | karianpour@oakland.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 47 | 36 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Mutations in DNA | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3525242 | Nonstop mutation = Nucleotide substitution in stop codon (UAA, UAG And UGA) results in continued translation and non-functional protein having very lengthy polypeptide chain. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | LY - SM | LY -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 1:07 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 48 | 36 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Lac operon | https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/operons-and-prokaryotic-gene-regulation-992 | For completeness sake, the text should mention that the lac operon codes for Beta-galactosidase. | Clarification to current text | Verified | LY -SM | Not 100% sure this is HY, but we could probably mention it. -Vasily | | | | 05/31/17 5:27 PM | Derin | Allard | derindallard@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 49 | 36 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Mutations in DNA | N/A | Examples of Splice Site mutations : spLICE : L=thaLassemia , I= dementIa , C=cancer , E=Epilepsy | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 5:16 AM | Muaad | Saeed | muaad.badr55@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 50 | 36 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Lac operon | no reference needed , just a helpful Mnemonic | To remember parts of Operon use "PROG" : P=promoter , R=repressor , O=operator , G= Gene (e,g. lacZ,lacY,lacA) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 5:47 AM | Muaad | Saeed | muaad.badr55@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 51 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/xeroderma-pigmentosum/ | prevents repair of pyrimidine dimers = thymine dimers are more likely to be affected compared to the other two pyrimidine | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. The reference doesn't mention either pyrimidine dimers or thymidine dimers. -Scott M | Reject. 1. Provided reference doesn't support the comment. 2. All sorts of dimers can occur: thymine-thymine, thymine-cytosine, cytosine-cytosine. http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/page/Pyrimidine_dimer 3. It is true that thymine-thymine dimers are more common than the others, but text is fine as is. -Vasily | It is true that thymidine dimers are a common form. That having been said, I'm having trouble finding good human evidence that they are by and large the most common. And even if they are, I have trouble imaging that it is high-yield at the Step 1 level to know that one type is more common than another. Knowing that they can form, and how they are fixed (via NER) should be sufficient. Reject proposal. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/29/16 5:24 AM | Kamleshun | Ramphul | adramphul@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 52 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | N/A | Under Nonhomologous end joining it is listed that BRCA1 mutations are associated but there is research to that state the BRCA 1 & 2 are associated with homologous recombination and not nonhomologous end joining. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. LY There is research stating that this is the case, But this was just an example, not a comprehensive list. -Scott M | disagree, as author stated, it is used as an example only, no changes. Richard G | Looked this up, seems like it might be an area of controversy, in that while it is known that BRCA mutations (1 or 2) lead to increased mutational frequency, the precise location of the the mutation (that is, what process of DNA repair is affected) may still be up for date. Here's an interesting article from 2017, that shows while they affect different mutations, it is not 100% clear cut which type of mutational repair they each affect: http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v36/n6/full/onc2016243a.html An older article suggesting that BRCA2 does NOT affect NHEJ: http://www.pnas.org/content/98/15/8644.full My thoughts - migrate over for expert review. Probably the safest "fix" is to remove the "1" and just say "BRCA" mutations. That is likely the most important thing to know at the Step 1 level. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | Jeff Hofmann | Just read the articles that Matt posted as well as this one, which I recommend to anyone looking for more info: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064598/ There are two types of repair mechanisms for double strand breaks (DSB): NHEJ, which we describe, and homologous recombination (HR), which we don't. The BRCA genes are both important in homologous recombination, but not really in NHEJ. In fact, when the cell is "deciding" how to repair the DSB, BRCA genes direct away from NHEJ and towards HR. That being the case, I have two recommendations: 1) We should not say that BRCA1 mutations cause NHEJ to be defective. If anything, they increase it by preventing HR. So I would just remove "breast/ovarian cancers with BRCA1 mutation," from column 3. 2) We should consider adding homologous recombination as a second method of double strand break repair, and if so, we can list both BRCA genes for that. | Accept | | Delete “breast/ovarian cancers with BRCA1 mutation” from column 3. | | 5 | | 02/24/17 4:09 PM | Barbara | Gordon | bsgordon@oakland.edu | | | ||||||
| 53 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | N/A | To remember that nucleotide excision repair occurs during G1 phase and mismatch repair occurs during G2: Nuc1eotide excision repair = G1, MisMatch repair = G2 (2 M’s) (these would be listed in the far right column respectively) (see attachment for proper coloring of letters) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Easy, and further differentiates the two - CC | I don't like it very much, actually (it would be better if a single M appeared in the first word for G1), but no harm in seeing what others think. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/22/17 11:20 AM | Jacob | DiBattista | jacob.dibattista@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 54 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | N/A | In order for students to remember that xeroderma pigmentosum is due to a defective nucleotide excision repair process it should be highlighted that: eXcision repair defects cause Xeroderma. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/05/17 5:38 PM | Ryan | Kollar | rkollar@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 55 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5432210/, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169931 | BRCA1 is involved in homology directed repair (DHR), not non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/14/17 9:00 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 56 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | http://www.jbc.org/content/288/13/8966.abstract; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078634/pdf/13238_2010_Article_10.pdf; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19686080 | Under nonhomologous end joining, it says "defective in ataxia telangectasia...BRCA1...Fanconi anemia." This is an oversimplification. BRCA1 increases fidelity of NHEJ, but ALSO directs the cell toward homologous recombination, which is a higher-fidelity dsDNA break repair mechanism. When it is mutated, the cell is directed toward NHEJ, which is more error-prone (leading to phenotype). I would suggest adding Homologous Recombination in the left column with a definition in column 2 and an explanation in column 3 that it is defective in BRCA1, BRCA2, and Fanconi Anemia mutations. I saw a similar previous comment that is pending expert review (but did not contain exactly the same information). | Major erratum | Verified | True, but I don't think that this knowledge is HY for the boards. It IS important however, to know that they involve NHEJ. -SM | In fact, we have already addressed this issue (at least to some extent) in FA18: we have added homologous recombination to the table. -Vasily | | | | 06/29/17 9:17 AM | Rachel | Brown | rachel.e.brown@vanderbilt.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 57 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | N/A | to help students remember diseases associated with defective NHEJ use mnemonic 'Fun AT Beach' : F=fanconi anemia , AT =ataxia telangiectasia , B=breast cancer also for BRCA 1 mutation . It can be added on the far right column | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 6:33 AM | Muaad | Saeed | muaad.badr55@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 58 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18285803 | Mismatch repair is most active during S phase, not G2. This is noted in this seminal review: "Base–base mismatches and small insertion and/or deletion loops that are generated by faulty replication are corrected by the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, which functions mainly during S phase" | Major erratum | Verified | Actually, we are correct. It is both S and G2 phase, but predominantly in G2 phase. Regulation of DNA repair throughout the cell cycle Dana Branzei1 & Marco Foiani2 The main repair pathways that function to repair different types of DNA lesions are shown in the table. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) that occur during G1 phase are mainly repaired through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), whereas DSBs that are formed during S and G2 phases are predominantly repaired by homologous recombination (HR) mechanisms. Mismatch repair is very important during replication to remove mismatches, or small insertion or deletion loops, that are generated by faulty replication. Nucleotide-excision repair (NER) plays an important role during G1 phase to remove bulky lesions, such as those caused by ultraviolet irradiation. If left unrepaired during G1 phase, bulky DNA lesions can block DNA polymerases. Replication then proceeds by bypassing these lesions using specialized translesion synthesis (tls) polymerases or template-switch mechanisms that use the newly synthesized sister chromatid as a template. Repair pathways that function throughout the cell cycle or for which cell-cycle regulation is not well understood (such as base-excision repair, NER and transcription-coupled repair) are not shown. Regulation of DNA repair throughout the cell cycle -SM | The reader might be right, and we might a need an expert to review this. "Despite equal MMR nuclear protein concentrations in S and G(2) phases, mismatch binding and repair activities within G(2) are significantly lower, indicating a post-translational decrease in MMR activity specific to G(2)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17157834 Migrating to Annotate. -Vasily | Jeff Hofmann | Change this to S phase. It looks like there is data supporting predominance of MMR in either G2 or S, depending on the paper. This is likely due to different methods and cell types being investigated in these different papers. I think key point from one of the cited papers is that "MMR within mammalian cells operates at highest efficiency during DNA replication and is in close proximity to the DNA replication fork." In other words, the MMR system is correcting errors in real time as they are being made, which is during S phase. So if we are going to list a phase, I would say S, and this is also directly supported by the nature reviews paper that is referenced above. Based on that, agree to replace G2 with S here. | Accept | | In column 2 of Mismatch repair, change “predominantly in G2 phase of cell cycle” to “predominantly in S phase of cell cycle.” | | 20 | | 08/09/17 12:21 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | ||||||||
| 59 | 38 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/principles-of-molecular-genetics | Currently it says ATG = Start codon, when it should be AUG | Major erratum | Verified | Disagree. The image refers to the DNA coding strand, which contains thymine not uracil. Text is fine as is. -VV | Reject erratum. VV is correct, thymine (and thus ATG) should be shown, as we are referring to DNA in this case. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/20/17 10:35 AM | Lee | Weber | Lew10@med.fsu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 60 | 38 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna/a/splicing/splicing_endformation.html | The polyadenylation signal on the coding DNA strand should be complementary to the mRNA polyadenylation signal. DNA in the figure should read: TTATTT, if it is to be complementary to the mRNA sequence (AAUAAA) at the bottom of the page. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. It is understood that DNA must be complementary. -Scott M | disagree, no need to add this. Richard G | Authors are correct, we do not need to change anything here. The CODING strand (which we show) corresponds to the mRNA transcript with the exception of U replacing T. Thus, since the mRNA will be AAUAAA, the DNA coding strand should be AATAAA. If we were showing the TEMPLATE strand (on which polymerase acts to create the mRNA), then this would be true, but that does not apply in this case. No change needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/31/17 8:29 PM | Emily | Jones | jones.emilyk@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 61 | 38 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | Wikipedia | The image shows that the intron contains GT AG but that is wrong because it is the DNA coding strand. The major spliceosome splices introns containing GU at the 5' splice site and AG at the 3' splice site of mRNA. Therefore, the DNA coding strand should be CA-TC | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/17/17 9:54 PM | Timothy | Lee | tlee16@nyit.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 62 | 38 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Regulation of gene expression | https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-60761-854-6_3#page-1 | Clarify the role of enhancers vs promotors: The promotor sequence is necessary for the initiation of transcription and a subsequent mutation will result in less gene transcription. The enhancer sequence bind activator proteins that facilitate DNA bending. DNA bending allows activator proteins to interact with general transcription factors & RNAP2 to interact with the promotor. Enhancers regulate the rate of transcription. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree that we can be more clear on this one. Wait until next year for this addition. Suggest changing the wording of enhancer to say "Stretch of DNA which alters the rate of transcription by binding transcription factors (e.g. activator proteins) -SM | Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 06/24/17 3:21 PM | Zainab | Al-Abd | zainab.al.abd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 63 | 38 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | RNA polymerases | na | In the text it states that mRNA is read from 5' --> 3', it should be 3' --> 5" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 09/17/17 12:41 PM | Stacy | Hatcher | hatche35@msu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 64 | 39 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Splicing of pre-mRNA | N/A | Splicesome removes introns containing GU at 5' end and AG at 3' end. It has the graphic showing that but the text doesn't make an emphasis that those nucleotides are not random but in fact needed for the intron to be spliced so besides stating that in the text I thought that the mnemonic''Get Up And Go'' for GU-AG would be useful here | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Good us of common phrase that semantically matches the function of the splicesome. -CC | Ha, that's clever. And it ties in a commonly used test for the elderly in assessing their ambulatory status/functional status. I'm open to considering this. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/10/17 11:11 AM | Laura I | Mendez Morente | colita8@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 65 | 39 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Splicing of pre-mRNA | http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/spliceosome And many other papers | Point 1 of the text gives the idea that pre-mra is a part of a spliceosome structure , where its not | Clarification to current text | Verified | Good point. We can be clearer. Suggest change to, "Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and other proteins form a splicosome which binds to the primary RNA transcript -SM | Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 07/24/17 6:47 AM | Abdullah | Mohammed Alwadai | alwadaimd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 66 | 39 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Splicing of pre-mRNA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron | In the image for splicing of pre-mRNA, the top label reads "Lariat" instead the label should read "Intron" | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | No, it should read lariat. an Intron refers to the region of DNA which gets clipped during RNA splicing. -SM | We are using a new figure in 2018. It does not have the "Lariat" label. -Vasily | | | | 09/02/17 6:12 PM | Jon | Storey | joncstorey@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 67 | 41 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | FA 2017 pg. 41 | mRNA Stop Codons: Add: Releasing Factor recognizes stop codons and terminates protein synthesis | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Suggest, "Stop codon is recognized by release factor, and completed polypeptide is released from the ribosome to halt translation. -Scott M | agree with first author suggestion, should clear up confusion. Richard G | Scott's clarification is reasonable to make this read better, I agree. Minor point, however, that I think is somewhat obvious already. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/09/17 8:59 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 68 | 41 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Protein synthesis | http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/shine-dalgarno-sequence | Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic mRNA while kozak consensus sequence in eukaryotic mRNA plays a major role in the initiation of the translation process. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY. Interesting, yes! but not HY. -SM | LY -Vasily | | | | 05/07/17 11:57 PM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 69 | 41 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Posttranslational modifications | N/A | since bonds are like hugs I suggest using the mnemonic 'HUG MAP' to remember different covalent alterations , H=hydroxlation , U=Ubiquitination , G=glycosylation, M=Methylation , A=acetylation , P=Phosphorylation | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 12:22 PM | Muaad | Saeed | muaad.badr55@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 70 | 42 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Cell cycle phases | http://www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/vlu/vsc/en/ch/8/bc/vlu/zellbio/zellcyclus.vlu/Page/vsc/en/ch/8/bc/zellbio/zellzyklus.vscml/Supplement/2.html | Under the "permanent" cell types, RBCs aren't a great (or even accurate) example of G0 type cells. Although it is true they are quiescent, it is for lack of genetic information rather than suppression of the cell cycle. WBCs would probably be a better example, as they still retain their DNA and some (lymphocytes) have the capacity to reenter G1 | Minor erratum | Verified | Agreed. Change RBCs to WBCs. -SM | Agree. -Vasily | | | | 08/18/17 11:11 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mheuermann@icloud.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 71 | 43 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Peroxisome | uworld step1 id 1120 | plz add that in refsum..chlorophyl must be restricted as it contains phytanic acid..it was mentioned in uw too | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Add after epiphyseal dysplasia, "chlorophyl restriction because it contains phytanic acid." -Scott M | Agree. Suggest adding a semicolon after epiphyseal dysplasia and then: "treatment: chlorophyl restriction because it contains phytanic acid, plasmapharesis". How about a separate table on peroxisomal diseases (adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger, infantile and adult Refsum)? -Vasily | Can't personally comment on how HY this is, but certainly don't have a problem with considering it. Indeed, dietary restriction of phytanic acid is key to the management of Refsum disease. Interesting article that confirms this, and shows Orlistat to be a potential therapy since it inhibits uptake of said acid: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943115/ -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/27/17 7:56 PM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 72 | 43 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Cell trafficking | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12542623 | I-Cell Disease: Add: Gingival Hyperplasia as a characteristic | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Add gingival hyperplasia after coarse facial features | agree, can be easily added. Richard G | I am OK with considering this for addition this year. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/09/17 9:01 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 73 | 43 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Cell trafficking | n/a | Current mnemonic for COPII isn't helpful since the usual expression is "one step forward, two steps back". How about this: If you COP 2 a crime, you come FORWARD to the police. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Good point about eliminating ambiguity. Not sure I love the suggested replacement, but I do think there should be a change. -CC | I don't like it because "cop 2 a crime" doesn't really make much sense. At least, I've never heard a sentence like that. The current mnemonic also doesn't seem all that ambiguous to me. I would say reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/14/17 8:31 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 74 | 43 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Peroxisome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1177387-overview#a5 | please add the fact that "Fatty acid alpha-oxidation is a strictly peroxisomal process" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Add "alpha oxidation is strictly a peroxisomal process." after Refsum disease | Agree. This should be added. -Vasily | Appears to be correct, and I think this is a reasonable consideration for addition this year. Reference: http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/35/5/881.long -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/10/17 1:20 PM | Rojan | Adhikari | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 75 | 43 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Peroxisome | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/phytanic_acid#section=Top | Phytanic acid is example of branched chain fatty acid which is undergoes α-oxidation in the peroxisome and Refsum disease is peroxisomal disease in which phytanic acid accumulates in body. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Both true and interesting, but not HY. -SM | Peroxisome fact has been updated in 2018. It already contains most of the info suggested by the reader. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 12:05 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 76 | 43 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Proteasome | Uworld question ID 8385 Relationship between Amyloid-Beta and the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Alzheimer's Disease www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24512022 | impairment of the ubiquitin proteosome system has been implicated in alzheimers and in parkinsons | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Suggest adding Alzheimer Disease before Parkinson Disease. -SM | Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 08/10/17 4:39 PM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 77 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | no reference is needed - a spelling mistake | Vvinblastine - the name needs correction | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | User is correct, there's an extra V in the red lettering of the mnemonic. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/26/16 6:30 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 78 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | not needed | Vinblastine is spelled Vvinblastine | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 12/27/16 3:40 PM | Jacob | Kanter | jkanter@luc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 79 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | http://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-vinblastine/article_em.htm | Vinblastine is misspelled as "Vvinblastine" | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 03/06/17 9:38 PM | Benjamin | Ravichander | benjamin.ravichander@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 80 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | N/A | Dynein - "You're dining in at a restaurant (nucleus) and then you leave a negative review (retrograde); Then Kinesin is just the other one | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Built in ambiguity--you could easily think you're leaving a positive review. -CC | Odd mnemonic and yes, agree with Cathy that you could misremember it as a positive review and suddenly invert your knowledge! Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/22/17 5:27 PM | Kyle | Kim | kim3kh@cmich.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 81 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | N/A | Dynein - "Dine-in at the nucleus" (or alternatively, "You're dying to get in to the nucleus") | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Better than the one above, includes the phonetic hook and has a real-life semantic meaning too. Dine-in at the nucleus is the one I would pick - CC | Yeah, I like this better too. OK to migrate both over for consideration (although I too prefer the one about dining in). -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/26/17 10:19 AM | Shantan | Cheemerla | cshantan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 82 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | N/A | Single "i" in dyneIn makes a minus (-) sign, double "i" in kInesIn forms a plus (+) sign | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 04/29/17 8:37 PM | Vikrant | Sandhu | vsandhu@sgu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 83 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | Reference not needed - mnemonic. This mnemonic might be good in conjunction with the current one. It's a little easier to remember which way is "in" or "out" this way. | Dynein - "Dive in" (i.e. towards nucleus); Kinesin - "Kick out" (i.e. away from nucleus/out of the cell) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 1:34 PM | David | Michaeli | ymimuscle77@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 84 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule inhibitors | n/a | Vinblastine is currently spelled "Vvinblastine" (with both V's in red) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 09/14/17 9:50 AM | Michelle | Nemetz | michelle.nemetz@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 85 | 45 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Cilia structure | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4294676/ | Its written "Axonemal dynein-ATPase thah links peripheral 9 doublets and causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets" The funation of linkind the doublets is done by Nexin. (The regaulatory comples is Nexin-Dynein regulatory complex) | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. No clear suggestion. And ... everything written is correct. -SM | Reject. -Vasily | | | | 06/02/17 2:15 PM | kiratpreet | dhillon | kiratpreetdhillon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 86 | 46 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Collagen synthesis and structure | not needed | Collagen synthesis: "Steve Hacked Gates's Electronic Personal Computers" - Synthesis, Hydroxylation, Glycosylation, Exocytosis, Proteolytic processing, Cross-linking | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too complicated a mnemonic to remember a relatively simple series of steps. - CC | Yuck, for the reasons Cathy sites, definitely a convoluted no go. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 5:16 PM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 87 | 46 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Collagen | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/423231 | To remember that Type III collagen is found in blood vessels, artery = arterTHREE. This goes along with the other mnemonics on the page (e.g., bONE = Type I, carTWOlage = Type II, and "four" sounds like "floor" (basement membrane— Type IV). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/16/17 7:51 PM | Nicholas | Marshall | nmarshall@neomed.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 88 | 46 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Collagen | http://www.biochemj.org/content/157/1/267 | the book listed nucleus pulposus in type II collagen, however I believe what it really means is the annulus fibrosus, which is made of type II collagen surrounding the nucleus pulposus | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. Type II collagen is found in nucleus pulposus. http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/nucleus_pulposus -SM | The reference provided by the reader doesn't support the reader's suggestion. Reject. -Vasily | | | | 07/07/17 3:11 AM | yineng | yu | zhiantinglan@sina.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 89 | 46 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Collagen synthesis and structure | kaplan biochemistry lecture notes page 63 2013 | In step number 3 of collagen synthesis: it is a triple helix of three collagen PRO-alpha chains, not three alpha chains. Terminal regions have not been cleaved yet. | Minor erratum | Verified | Correct. Change to pro-alpha chains. http://163.178.103.176/Fisiologia/general/celulas/Membrane%20Structure%20and%20Function1.htm -SM | Agree. -Vasily | | | | 08/29/17 1:17 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 90 | 46 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Collagen | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3513078 | When talking about type ONE collagen, you can remember it being in the cOrNEa. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/04/17 7:05 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 91 | 47 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Osteogenesis imperfecta | not needed | COL1a1 and COL1a2 : COLagen type 1 | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | reject, isn't it clear enough that COL1 is Collagen type I ?--edu | Agree with EDU, reject! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/26/16 7:05 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 92 | 47 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Osteogenesis imperfecta | Goljan Rapid Review Pathology 4e (check attached pic) | Add: Treatment: bisphosphonates (increase bone mineralization) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with suggestion as is. -Scott M | agree, can add line with treatment. Richard G | I am OK with considering this for addition this year. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/12/17 10:09 PM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||
| 93 | 47 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Collagen | https://www-uptodate-com.libux.utmb.edu/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-ehlers-danlos-syndromes?source=search_result&search=ehlers%20danlos&selectedTitle=1~97#H35121407 | Vascular EDS is an autosomal dominant condition that results from mutations in type III PROcollagen. In FA it says collagen | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Change to procollagen. -Scott M | agree, good catch. Richard G | Reclassified as a minor erratum. This is nitpicky, since the ultimate defect does ultimately wind up being type III collagen. But it is true that type III procollagen is the initial defect arising secondary to the gene defect, since that is what the gene codes for. I am thus OK considering this change this year. See the following references: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1494/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15127738 -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Per Annotate discussion, this was NOT changed. | Reject | | | | 03/18/17 1:28 PM | Chi-Tam | Nguyen | paulnguyener@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 94 | 47 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Collagen synthesis and structure | first aid | A chart outlining the differences of Ehlers-Danlos vs Marfan's Syndrome (Genetics, Inheritance, Pathophysiology, Physical Presentation, Complications) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | disagree, margins on the side are available for the student to do that; space is a big concern on this page. Richard G | Thank you for the suggestion. Although it is a nice table, I don't feel it's HY enough as it is. Reject. -Vasily | Not overly impressed and since there is low author interest in considering this, I too will vote to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/18/17 1:50 PM | Chi-Tam | Nguyen | paulnguyener@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 95 | 47 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | http://www.news-medical.net/health/Collagen-Types-and-Linked-Disorders.aspx | Under Ehlers-Danlos syndrome on page 47, it says the classical type is caused by a mutation in type V collagen. However under collagen types on page 46, there are onl 4 types of collagen mentioned. I think Type V also needs to me mnetioned since it is found in hair, placenta and cell surfaces. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. First Column: Add Type V Collagen. Second column: Placenta and frequently associated in tissues with types I and III collagen. Third column: Type V: ________ (open for suggestions for a good memory trick here) -Scott M | Agree, this can be added if we can fit it into some nice mnemonic. Otherwise, not super-HY, but as long there's some space on the page, this can be added to the table. -Vasily | Would be open to considering this. Type V collagen is classically the surface of many types of tissue. Think hair, placenta. So I agree with that. Easiest thing to do is add an "S" word at the end. Have "S" correspond to Surfaces. My thoughts? School! That makes the mnemonic "Be So Totally Cool, Read Books in School." Agree for migration over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/29/17 1:05 AM | Mounica | Gooty | mounag2002@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 96 | 47 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | First Aid p47 | 3hlers-Danlo5 to remember Ehlers-Danlos is a defect in type III collagen (vascular) or type V (classic) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/24/17 12:32 PM | Robert | Pedersen | robertpedersen@creighton.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 97 | 48 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Elastin | not needed | FBN1 gene mutation - defective FiBrilliN | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Seems obvious -CC | Agree, not really that helpful, and already obvious from the gene name. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 7:30 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 98 | 48 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Elastin | mnemonic | The distinction between lens subluxation in Marfan and Homocystinuria can be confusing. One helpful mnemonic can be "You look UP at Mars", corresponding to the upward lens subluxation. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Good. Simple. -CC | Yes, this is an easy point of confusion between the two disorders, so looking UP at MARs (for MARfan) seems like a great way to clarify. Let's consider this one. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/22/17 12:24 PM | Justin | Haghverdian | justinch123@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 99 | 48 | Biochemistry | | | Laboratory Techniques | Elastin | N/A | Consider adding breakdown of elastin by elastase to your diagram. This would allow you to include the mechanism of alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibition. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. This is written out in the paragraph. -ScottM | disagree, as mentioned, it is already in paragraph. Richard G | Agree, not a necessary change given the text mentions it. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 8:26 PM | Spencer | Brodsky | sbrodsky@gwu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 100 | 48 | Biochemistry | | | Laboratory Techniques | Elastin | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pectus-carinatum and http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pectus-excavatum-etiology-and-evaluation | Under Marfan Syndrome: Include the definition of Pectus Carinatum (pigeon chest) and Pectus Excavatum (funnel chest) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. these are mostly understood, but if we put "pigeon chest" or "funnel chest" and the student didn't know what they were, then they would still have to look it up to know what those terms meant as well. -Scott M | Reject. Not that HY. The meaning of these terms can easily be derived from their Latin roots. -Vasily | Except that carinatum means "keel" when translated literally! It's not unreasonable to define these two terms, but if there's low author support for it, I'm OK rejecting as well. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 8:46 PM | Spencer | Brodsky | sbrodsky@gwu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 101 | 48 | Biochemistry | | | Laboratory Techniques | Elastin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/genetics-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-marfan-syndrome-and-related-disorders?source=search_result&search=marfan%20syndrome&selectedTitle=1~123#H5438605 | Scoliosis/kyphosis is a clinical finding for Marfan syndrome and is included under the revised Ghent nosology. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Okay, we can add scoliosis/kyphosis in our list of symptoms. -SM | Agree. We can do this in 2019. -Vasily | | | | 07/25/17 1:48 PM | Matthew | Duenes | mduenes@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 102 | 49 | Biochemistry | | | Laboratory Techniques | Blotting procedures | Not required | NoRtheRn blot uses Rna sample (Has more Rs in it than Southern) | Mnemonic | | | | 10/28/17 12:01 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 103 | 51 | Biochemistry | | | Laboratory Techniques | Cloning methods | https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/protocols/cloning/transformation-protocol/cloning-transformation.html | Text reads, "Cloning is the production of a recombinant DNA molecule that is self perpetuating." This sounds as if the DNA itself is self-perpetuating, which is not true -- it is the transformed bacteria (high copy, low copy) which are propogating and carrying out plasmid synthesis. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree this can be clarified. Please replace "...recombinant DNA molecule that is self-perpetuating." with "...recombinant DNA molecule within transformed bacteria that are self-perpetuating." -VV | Minor but valid clarification, I agree with VV's proposed rewording. On a side note: will cause the intro sentence to be two lines, and would recommend for 2018 having the "Steps:" be on the second line as well, such that we avoid increasing the size of this little Fact. It's a crowded page already. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Howard Steinman | How about omitting "self-perpetuating"? What's important is that you can clone/make multiple copies of a single species of DNA. Self-perpetuating can be distracting and is not a term used conventionally to describe microorganisms. I suggest: "Cloning is the production of a recombinant DNA molecule in a bacterium." OR "Cloning is the production of a recombinant DNA molecule in a bacterial host." | | Under the Cloning methods fact, in the topmost sentence, please replace "Cloning is the production of a recombinant DNA molecule that is self perpetuating." with "Cloning is the production of a recombinant DNA molecule in a bacterial host." | | 5 | | 02/01/17 9:05 PM | Elizabeth | Hwang | elizhwang@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 104 | 52 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic terms | FA | For Pleotropy, just highlighting the P in red, and then highlighting the P in definition and the example. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not as useful, because Phenotype is so commonly used in this section. -CC | Agree with Cathy, not helpful. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 4:27 PM | Ahmad | Akhtar | ahmadnakhtar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 105 | 52 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic terms | http://jmg.bmj.com/content/jmedgenet/31/2/89.full.pdf; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12362985 | List Li-Fraumeni syndrome and Osteogenesis Imperfecta as examples of dominant negative mutations | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Li Fraumeni is already listed as a loss of heterozygosity mutation. We can add OI as an example of dominant negative mutation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12362985 -SM | Can be done, not sure if it is HY. -Vasily | | | | 06/29/17 9:38 AM | Rachel | Brown | rachel.e.brown@vanderbilt.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 106 | 53 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic terms | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/inheritance/updimprinting | Please add examples for UPD - Prader Willi and Angelman | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed. Suggest Removing "not aneuploid" in the third column, it is redundant. Suggest adding "Prader Willi and Angelman syndrome" at the end. -Scott M | Agree with Scott. -Vasily | Sure, I'm fine with adding these as examples here as per the authors. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/11/17 4:49 PM | Ahmad | Akhtar | ahmadnakhtar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 107 | 53 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic terms | not needed. | For locus heterogeneity, I think Marfan + MEN 2B and Homocystinuria's marfanoid habitus would be a better example than albinism. | Clarification to current text | Verified | These examples are more clinically relevant. Marfan syndrome reportedly has two loci, but that appears to be it https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045693/. What do the other authors think? -SM | I am happy with our current example (albinism). But it seems that Marfan works here as well. -Vasily | | | | 05/03/17 2:02 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||
| 108 | 53 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Hardy-Weinberg population genetics | http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~jbaldwin/pub/HWfin.pdf | 2017 First Aid states that "If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and if p and q are the frequencies of separate alleles, then: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 and p + q = 1...." This implies that the population must be in H-W equilibrium for p + q = 1 and p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =1 1 to be true, but the reality is those two equations equal 1 regardless of whether or not the population is in equilibrium. If there are two alleles, p and q, then they have to add up to 1, and mathematically p^2 +2pq + q^2 would have to equal 1 as well. The only thing the H-W principle states is that if the population is in equilibrium, then you can assume that those allele frequencies will remain constant. But those two equations are always equal to one regardless, because that's just what the arithmetic is. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. This commenter doesn't realize that the law actually relies on the fact that the population is in equilibrium to work. http://www.hammiverse.com/lectures/23/4.html If Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium is achieved then no evolution occurs. To achieve the equilibrium five conditions must be met: Population must be very large. Population must be isolated from other populations (no immigration or emigration). No mutations Random mating No natural selection (i.e. every individual has an equal chance of survival) If the five conditions are not met then evolution occurs: There is a change in allele frequency in the population. Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium is not present. -SM | I think I understand what the reader is saying. p^2+2pq+q^2=1 if p+q=1. This is how math works. It doesn't matter if the population is in HW equilibrium or not. I'm not sure if any change to the current text here is truly necessary. But here's what may be worth considering. We can say: "If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, then the frequencies (p and q) of two alleles of a gene are constant". And after this sentence we can go on with the equations. -Vasily | | | | 05/25/17 8:14 PM | Alex | Ritter | aritter@mix.wvu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 109 | 53 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic terms | None needed | For mosaicism, it might be helpful to mention that for gonadal mosaicism, the mutation occurs in the sperm or egg of the PARENT. Parents will be fine, but the children will be affected. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/18/17 1:45 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 110 | 54 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Imprinting | myself | Prader (Father) Willi , Angel-Mom (Angelman) - where is the mutated gene. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Current mnemonic is simpler - CC | I like the current one better too, a no go on this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/04/17 12:11 PM | Nissim | Lankry | nissimlankry@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 111 | 54 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Imprinting | N/A | I have another way to remember that Angelman Syndrome is due to Maternal gene deletion/mutation. "Mommy's little Angel" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 04/21/17 12:46 PM | Nathaniel | Fleischer | nfleischer@westernu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 112 | 54 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Imprinting | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1330/ | "Prader no Fader" (Father) to remember that Prader Willi is associated with a lack of the PATERNAL allele | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/15/17 5:13 PM | Megan | Bunnell | megan.e.bunnell.med@dartmouth.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 113 | 55 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Modes of inheritance | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/mitochondrial-encephalomyopathy-lactic-acidosis-and-stroke-like-episodes | MELAS syndrom (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). It is listed as an mitochondrial encephalopathy- but does indeed affect the muscles and the correct name is "mitochondrial encephalo*myo*pathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree, student is correct per UTD and eMedicine. Please replace "mitochondrial encephalopathy" with "mitochondrial encephalomyopathy" -VV https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mitochondrial-myopathies-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=melas&selectedTitle=1~26#H10 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1162238-overview | Great pickup! MELAS does indeed stand for Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes. Agree with replacing "encephalopathy" with "encephalomyopathy" as per VV. Note that some people also say "Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes" as an alternative. I prefer the former since it is more succinct. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Howard Steinman | All three names are used for MELAS. I prefer the "alternative" name mentioned by Matt: Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes. That name clearly states the myopathy. In addition, that name is the name given to MELAS in OMIM https://www.omim.org/entry/540000?search=melas&highlight=melas | | Under mitochondrial inheritance, note that MELAS stands for Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes. | | 5 | | 01/25/17 4:53 AM | Joshua | Radparvar | joshua.radparvar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 114 | 55 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Modes of inheritance | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/myoclonic-epilepsy-with-ragged-red-fibers#inheritance; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leber-hereditary-optic-neuropathy#inheritance | Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy are also examples of mitochondrial inheritance and both are high yield. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We could add Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leber-hereditary-optic-neuropathy -SM | This issue has already been covered in FA18, Modes of inheritance fact. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 6:15 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 115 | 55 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Modes of inheritance | Not needed | Remember X-linked dominant by: FAR Dominant; F=Fragile X syndrome, A=Alport syndrome, R=Rickets (vit. D=Dominant). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/14/17 11:55 PM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 116 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cystic fibrosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110865 | In the diagnosis section, there is no mention of how CF can commonly present as hyponatremic dehydration. This ties into the physiology of the CFTR at sweat glands. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not related to this: add an "s" after Female under X linked recessive disorders at the bottom of this page. ----------------- Related to CF, Agree. Recommend adding "Commonly Presents as hyponatremic dehydration." -ScottM | agree with both, good catch on grammar by Scott and agree that we can add common presentations. Richard G | I'm in agreement that if the authors think this addition is HY enough, then it is appropriate to add to our fact on CF. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/28/17 10:10 AM | Jason L. | Wang | jwang325@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 117 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | tRNA | n/a | T-arm Touches (= binds) the ribosome; D-arm Dates with the right one (= correct aminoacyl tRNA synthetase) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Confusing bec. it could literally touch anything. D arm dates i think would be better as D arm decodes. -CC | Yeah, this one's confusing, I say no as well. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/12/17 6:43 AM | Denisa | Pavlíčková | denisapavlickova@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 118 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cystic fibrosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lumacaftor-and-ivacaftor-drug-information | The mechanisms of ivacaftor and lumacaftor are appearing on practice questions and the names of the drugs may soon be asked since the link pharmacology, genetics, biochemistry and cellular biology. Ivacaftor potentiates the CFTR channel action at the cell surface Lumicaftor stabilizes the CFTR resulting in more expression along cell surface instead of degrading after the golgi apparatus. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. New drugs are fair game. For now suggest adding the following to treatment after "Pancreatic enzymes for insufficiency": "Ivacaftor ("potentiator" - increases the probability of Cl channel opening) + lumacaftor (increases the number of Cl channels)". The whole fact is very HY, but it's plain text now and needs better structure. -Vasily | Agree with both points - addition of these new agents (if deemed HY, worthy of vote by the crowd I suppose) and the revision of this fact to be less of a "blob" and have more structure. Can migrate over to Annotate, and would also consider starting a Google doc on how we can revise the CF fact to be more well-organized! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/17/17 10:42 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 119 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal dominant diseases | given in comments | Other high yield examples of Autosomal Dominant disease -Acute Intermittent porphyria (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 403); Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 403); Lynch syndrome (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 371); Jobs Syndrome (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 112); Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 297) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. We're not creating a comprehensive list here. -SM | Reject. Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 6:37 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 120 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal recessive diseases | given in comment | Other high yield examples of Autosomal Recessive disease - Adenosine deaminase deficiency (Severe Combined Immune Deficiency) (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 113); Chediac Higashi syndrome (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 113); Type 1 Leucocyte Adhesion Defect (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 113); IL-12 Receptor Deficiency (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 112) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. We're not creating a comprehensive list here. -SM | Reject. Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 6:42 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 121 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | X-linked recessive disorders | given in comment | Other high yield examples of X linked Recessive disease - Hyper IgM syndrome (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 113); Chronic granulomatous disease (Ref: first aid 2017, Page 113) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. We're not creating a comprehensive list. -SM | Reject. Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 6:47 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 122 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cystic fibrosis | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/pulmozyme-dornase-alfa-343462#10 | Treatment of cystic fibrosis: Dornase, one of the drugs is Recombinant Human Deoxyribonuclease and thus the short form should be “DNase”, not “DNAse”. A should be written lower case. It should be also corrected in index page 730. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Moved to Annotate. | | | | 05/08/17 5:20 PM | Parnaz | Daneshpajouhnejad | paeanox@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 123 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | X-linked recessive disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/copper-deficiency-myeloneuropathy | Menaces Disease should be added to this list. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this person means Menkes disease, and we would have to change our mnemonic if we added this. We can say , "Oblivious Females Will Have Most Often Given Boys x-Linked Disorders." -SM | Scott's idea seems good to me. -Vasily | | | | 05/09/17 3:40 PM | Tiffany | Dharia | tiffanydharia@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 124 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cystic fibrosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11891518 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cystic-fibrosis-antibiotic-therapy-for-lung-disease | Staphylococcus aureus infection causes pulmonary infections in infancy and early childhood ( not only infancy). P aeruginosa is the most common cause in adulthood. Please correct this. A sample diagram is included to make things clear. | Minor erratum | Verified | Suggest adding, "and adulthood" after adolescence. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586015/ -SM | Good point! Suggest changing to "(eg, S aureus [childhood], P aeruginosa [adulthood])". -Vasily | | | | 05/10/17 12:52 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 125 | 57 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Muscular dystrophies | not needed | Please add the diagram similar to the attached diagram as it gives the idea about dystrophin ,actin and dystroglycan. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I like the idea, but can be easily dissuaded from it. I suggest that we re-create this diagram and add it, but am very willing to hear others' suggestions. - Scott M | disagree, could add it in MSK section under physiology but this diagram goes too much in depth and not pertinent to the genetics involved. Richard G | Agree that it's A.) more relevant to MSK, and B.) probably not very high yield to know the structure to that level of depth at the Step 1 level. I suspect just knowing the gene is adequate. I would say we can go ahead and reject this proposal, seems like a lot of work (rendering an image) for relatively little gain. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/10/17 1:06 PM | Rojan | Adhikari | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 126 | 57 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Muscular dystrophies | Not needed | Under Becker : "Becker is Better" then Duchene (less severe) also Under Duchenne: add Dilated CM where it has Duchenne=Deleted Dystrophin | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept, first half. Simple. -CC | First half reasonable to consider, I like it. -Matt | Prelim | | | | 04/11/17 11:48 AM | Christian | Smith | sme911@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 127 | 57 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Muscular dystrophies | http://www.cshlp.org/ghg5_all/section/gene.shtml | DMD is not the largest protein-coding human gene | Minor erratum | Verified | It would appear that DMD is NO LONGER the KING! -SM | Can be changed to "one of the largest". -Vasily | | | | 05/15/17 5:15 PM | Megan | Bunnell | megan.e.bunnell.med@dartmouth.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 128 | 58 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Fragile X syndrome | http://learn.chm.msu.edu/NeuroEd/neurobiology_disease/content/otheresources/fragileX.pdf | Might be a good idea to specify that the hypermethylation mechanism is only responsible for those who have the mutation...while those with the premutation actually have gain of function toxicity characterized by increased FMR1 mRNA as opposed to decreased FMR1 mRNA in those with the full mutation. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/18/17 4:40 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 129 | 58 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Fragile X syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4024105/ | Might be good Idea if you add some information about Fragile X syndrome, for example the protein affected in this disorder. "Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by mutations in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Most FXS cases occur due to the expansion of the CGG trinucleotide repeats in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of FMR1, which leads to HYPERMETHYLATION and in turn silences the EXPRESSION of FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein).This protein is present in many tissues, including the brain, testes, and ovaries. FMRP is a RNA- binding protein, associated with messenger RiboNucleoParticles (mRNPs) present in polyribosomes and its absence in neurons leads to alteration in synaptic plasticity as a result of translation regulation defects." | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/25/17 2:52 PM | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | Leidylauragh14@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 130 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | no reference | At Patau Syndrome: bold "P" also in PAPP-A | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Leaves ambiguity as to whether it's increased or decreased, plus PAPP-A is a critical value in other disorders - CC | Yes, PAPP-A is found in other disorders, making this a bit unhelpful. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 10:24 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 131 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | No need for reference | Patau Syndrome "Congenital Heart ("P"ump) Disease"e to complete the P's Mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I believe "pump" is used for the heart elsewhere in FA, so that would be consistent - CC | Sure, open to adding in this additional P for consideration. Bear in mind that we already do this mnemonic with Pompe disease later in the chapter, however! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/25/17 4:41 AM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | Msq995@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 132 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | - | I suggest the mnemonic "MICRO P." The MICRO would be: M- Micro; I- intellectual disability C- cephaly; R- rocker bottom feet; O- ophthalmia. The micro applies to both microphthalamia and microcephaly. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The acronym itself is hard to keep connected to the topic its encoding, will require excess effort to remember. - CC | Yeah, agree, it's a convoluted and hard to remember mnemonic. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/02/17 8:06 AM | Rachel | Moss | rachelmoss0609@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 133 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | FA 2017 p 59 | To remember that alpha-fetoprotein is down in Down Syndrome but in Edwards all measurements are depressed we can use the mnemonic "alpha is always Down, but its *E*verything with *E*dwards" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Seems complicated, but could use just the second half if others think is useful. -CC | I'll agree with your rejection, not a huge fan either. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/17/17 11:02 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 134 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | NEW FACT | not needed | For remembering second-trimester quad screen in down syndrome: [ α-fetoprotein, β-hCG, estriol, inhibin A] Those with an H become Higher in value (beta-HCG, inHibin-A) and those with L get Lower levels (aLpha-fetoprotein, and estrioL). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Pretty clever - CC | Clever, I like it, worth considering. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 5:54 PM | Parnaz | Daneshpajouhnejad | paeanox@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 135 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | n/a | new Mnemonic for Down syndrome is "Down from A to I" (Details in attached word file) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/08/17 6:54 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 136 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | http://obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1306§ionid=75210003 ; http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=59789151&bookid=1057&jumpsectionID=59791501&Resultclick=2&q=down+syndrome | I suggest adding Proboscis as a finding in Patau syndrome. Proboscis is a blind-ended, tube-like structure, commonly located in the midface and associated with this syndrome. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY. -SM | LY -Vasily | | | | 05/16/17 4:53 PM | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | leidylauragh14@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 137 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | None | Down says HIHI: Increased (high) Hcg and Inhibin | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/23/17 2:43 PM | Rugvedita | Parakh | rugpara@uw.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 138 | 59 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/down-syndrome-clinical-features-and-diagnosis | CHILD HAS PROBLEM - C – Congenital Heart Disease (ASD)/ Cataracts H – Hirschsprung Disease/Hypoparathyroidism I – Increased gap in 1st/2nd toes L – Leukemia (ALL/AML) D – Duodenal Atresia H – Hearing Loss/Hypotonia A – Atlantoaxial Instability/Alzheimer’s Disease S – Squint/Short Neck P – Protruding Tongue/Palm Crease R – Round face/Rolling Eye(Nystagmus) O – Occiput flat/Oblique eyes B – Brushfield Spots L – Low Nasal Bridge E – Epicanthal folds M – Mental Inefficiency/Myoclonus | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/02/17 7:35 PM | Rohan Bir | Singh | dr.rohandhaliwal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 139 | 59 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | None | Addison's is a PIG high on pot craving salt and sugar Increased potassium, and pigmentation, low sodium, high ACTH | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/23/17 2:45 PM | Rugvedita | Parakh | rugpara@uw.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 140 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Williams syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893149-clinical#b4 | Supravalvular aortic stenosis is characteristics of williams syndrome. It is better to mention it separately rather than just mentioning "cardiovascular problems" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Replace "cardiovascular problems" with "supravalvular aortic stenosis" -Scott M | agree, good catch, more specific the better! Richard G | I would add the caveat that other cardiac issues can arise. Thus, rather than replacing as is proposed, I would write: cardiovascular problems (eg, supravalvular aortic stenosis). That gets you both taken care of - acknowledges the breadth of issues, and highlights the important association of the stenosis. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/27/16 4:18 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 141 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Robertsonian translocation | not needed | The chromosome number for robertsonian translocation (21,22,13,14,15), can be remembered as 1,2,3,4,5 from the second letter of each chromosome | Mnemonic | Verified | reject, I suspect it's LY to remember which chromosome numbers are involved, and it would take longer to learn the mnemonic than it would to memorize the numbers.--edu | Too confusing a mnemonic, I'll preliminarily reject this one too. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 4:54 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 142 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic disorders by chromosome | not needed | MEN1 genetic disorder should not be included among B-globin gene defects | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Replace "thalassemia, MEN1)" with "thalassemia), MEN1" Also, consider shortening so that it fits in one line this year. -VV https://www.uptodate.com/contents/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia-type-1-definition-and-genetics?source=search_result&search=MEN1&selectedTitle=2~150 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1093723-overview#a5 | Good pickup! Agree with fix to text, should now read for this chromosome: Wilms tumor, β-globin gene defects (eg, sickle cell disease, β-thalassemia), MEN1 -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Howard Steinman | Agree: the fix is moving the ")" so it follows "thalassemia". | | The row for chromosome 11 should be rewrtten as follows: Wilms tumor, β-globin gene defects (eg, sickle cell disease, β-thalassemia), MEN1 | | 5 | | 12/31/16 12:51 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 143 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cri-du-chat syndrome | uworld id 12225 | Cri du Chat is better described as a MACROdeletion not as a mIcrodeletion... as opposed to MICRO-deletion in prader willi,angel man | Minor erratum | Verified | Unable to find any sources that support the fact that cri-du-chat is a microdeletion. All sources I saw report that the size of the deletion varies from partial to total chromosome arm. Would recommend replacing "microdeletion" with "deletion" -VV https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-cytogenetic-abnormalities?source=search_result&search=cri%20du%20chat&selectedTitle=1~7#H28 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/942897-overview#a5 https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cri-du-chat-syndrome#genes | Agree with VV. I did a search for "macrodeletion" and "microdeletion" for this syndrome, and my search has not been fruitful. We've said "microdeletion" for years, and this is the first time errata have been submitted. Because of this, I would prefer that we have an expert chime in prior to making a final decision. I simply do not know enough about deletion types and what constitutes a micro- versus a macrodeletion. An expert can help clarify this, which may have relevance to other disorders we cover. And if we do change it, we're implying that a microdeletion is incorrect (erratum), which I'm not sure if it's true or not. If there is no consensus, then I suspect saying "deletion" will be fine. Knowing that part of 5p is deleted, whether it's micro or macro, is probably the most important thing to know! -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | Change this to S phase. It looks like there is data supporting predominance of MMR in either G2 or S, depending on the paper. This is likely due to different methods and cell types being investigated in these different papers. I think key point from one of the cited papers is that "MMR within mammalian cells operates at highest efficiency during DNA replication and is in close proximity to the DNA replication fork." In other words, the MMR system is correcting errors in real time as they are being made, which is during S phase. So if we are going to list a phase, I would say S, and this is also directly supported by the nature reviews paper that is referenced above. | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2, change “Congenital microdeletion of short arm” to “Congenital deletion on short arm.” | | 10 | | 01/05/17 5:11 PM | Murad | Al Masri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 144 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic disorders by chromosome | Not needed | On chromosome 11 MEN1 is included in the parentheses of beta globin gene defects and | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. MEN1 shouldn't be in the brackets. -Vasily | agree, remove brackets. Richard G | Duplicate, already addressed above. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/03/17 6:14 PM | Rocio | Bautista | rociobautista01@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 145 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | NA | Easy way to remember the molecular motor protein and its corresponding transport----I use Doctor Ka (DR. KA): DR = D for dynein/ R for Retrograde and KA = K for Kinesin/ A for Anterograde | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/06/17 1:37 PM | Onyebuchi | Nwodo | onyebuchi.nwodo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 146 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | No need for reference | Mnemonic for Dynein "Dying is moving towards Negativity" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. There's one above I like better (dine-in at the nucleus) - CC | Agree the dine-in one is better. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/23/17 1:18 PM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | msq995@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 147 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Williams syndrome | not needed | Think of the movie "The Elf" Will Ferrell, 7 levels of the candy cane forest, distinctive elfin facies, intellectual disability, well-developed verbal skills, extreme friendliness with strangers, hypercalcemia - M&M (increased sensitivity to Vit. D), cardiovascular problems | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept with reservations. Are we allowed to reference Will Ferrell? - CC | Of course, referencing celebrities is fine. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/15/17 5:30 PM | Jackson | Bell | jacksonbell10@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 148 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic disorders by chromosome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/951002-overview#a5 | cromosome 9 - TSC1 (Tuberous sclerosis) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. We're not creating a complete list. -SM | This issue has already been addressed in FA18. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 12:32 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 149 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Genetic disorders by chromosome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/951002-overview#a5 | cromosome 16 - TSC2 (Tuberous sclerosis) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. We're not creating a complete list. -SM | This issue has already been addressed in FA18. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 12:34 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 150 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cri-du-chat syndrome | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-cytogenetic-abnormalities?source=search_result&search=Cri-du-Chat+Syndrome&selectedTitle=1~7 | This is a better Cri du chat mneumonic | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 11:10 PM | Jordan | Johnson | jordantjohnson25@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 151 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cri-du-chat syndrome | N/A | Mnemonic - MIOW - M - Microcephaly, Intellectual Disability, O - Opening in Ventricle (VSD), W- Wailing/Crying | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/06/17 5:48 PM | Rohan Bir | Singh | dr.rohandhaliwal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 152 | 61 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | Myself | Hey Team, I’ve come up with a mnemonic for you guys! For the Vitamin Bs: These Ribs Need Paprika Plus Barbecue, Freaking Chef! (Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, PAntothenic acid, Pyridoxine, Biotin, Folate, Cobalamin) Eric Basappa | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is unnecessarily complicated and the words don't phonetically or semantically or visually hint at the more complicated vocabulary that they're intended to cue. - CC | Yuck, way too convoluted and hard to remember. Agree with rejection. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/29/17 3:02 PM | Eric | Basappa | eba43918@creighton.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 153 | 61 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Amino acids | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002222.htm | Essential Amino Acids: “ARGuing* HIStory IS LEtting LYStless METaphors PHrenetically TREat TRyumph as VALid” arginine* histidine isoleucine leucine lysine methionine phenylalanine threonine tryptophan valine. The first syllable of every word either make reference or are the abbreviations of the amino acid. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is too complicated. - CC | Agree, too complicated. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 2:34 PM | Madhavi | Montas Bello | madhavi94@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 154 | 61 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamins: water soluble | https://books.google.co.in/books?id=d8IPBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=cofactors+can+be+subdivided+into+two+groups&source=bl&ots=tyiy6-aJpI&sig=GwoNUOnp61vMkxqToYPZz_dcToc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz3bn58aXWAhVKKJQKHVA1DPAQ6AEIWDAJ#v=onepage&q=cofactors%20can%20be%20subdivided%20into%20two%20groups&f=false https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22380/ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=XDxMpTuRSGUC&pg=SA3-PA18&lpg=SA3-PA18&dq=cofactors+can+be+subdivided+into+two+groups&source=bl&ots=uMX6lT8rah&sig=T7QBjHwhNf-gN3i9GiCxbFjLQVM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz3bn58aXWAhVKKJQKHVA1DPAQ6AEIUDAH#v=onepage&q=cofactors%20can%20be%20subdivided%20into%20two%20groups&f=false | NAD or FAD are coenzymes,not just organic co-factors.Usually, Cofactors are of two kinds - Coenzymes and Prosthetic groups based on their action in the reaction and its binding to enzyme. Coenzymes are usually organic(contain Carbon) , they aid in transfer of groups/atoms/electrons from substrate to product and bind to enzyme loosely. While prosthetic factors are "mostly" metals, they aid in catalysis but do not contribute to actual substrate to form a product of reaction(i.e., they just speed up the reaction) and bind to enzyme quite tightly. There is no specific term of organic co factor. It is just that apart from specifically mentioning co enzyme, rest of them are colloquially called cofactors( which in actuality are prosthetic groups). So, all in all, Without a Coenzyme, a reaction that intends to specific producta can not take place . While without prosthtic group, the rxn can go on ,but it needs high activation energy., and cant reach optimal eaction rate. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/14/17 8:40 PM | Sujithadevi | Paineni | sujjithadhevi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 155 | 61 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamins: fat soluble | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nutritional-composition-of-human-milk-for-full-term-infants | It would be high yield to add that Vitamins D and K are found in very low levels in maternal breastmilk. This is clinically relevant, as it is the basis of supplementation of both those vitamins in exclusively breastfed infants. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 3:43 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 156 | 61 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamins: water soluble | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK208880/ ; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-water-soluble-vitamins#H45 | Deficiencies of Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B9 are rare in most individuals due to widespread fortification of food sources in the US. Furthermore, Vitamin B5, B6, and B7 deficiencies are very rare due to the fact that they are nearly ubiquitous among all foods. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 3:59 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 157 | 62 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984721-clinical | In Wernicke-Korsakoff "Affected patients have transketolases that bind thiamine pyrophosphate 10 times less tightly than normal.Patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff are thus symptomatic with much less severe thiamine depletion." | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | LY- Reject. -ScottM | disagree, good trivia but not important. Richard G | An interesting tidbit. But seems LY, agree with authors to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 5:08 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 158 | 62 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984721-clinical | "Infantile thiamine deficiency" is also worth mentioning. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | LY - Reject. -Scott M | disagree, low yield topic, didnt even appear on step 2/ shelf exams. Richard G | Seems LY as well, per authors, agree to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 5:10 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 159 | 62 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | not needed | Thiamine can be spelled 1hiamine to remember that it is the alternative name for vitamine B1. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Similar to our current mnemonic for Ber1 Ber1 - CC | Sure, we can consider it, although I worry that calling a "1" a "T" is a bit of a stretch. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 5:53 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 160 | 62 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | NEW FACT | http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6867196/beyonce-formation-number-1-billboard-twitter-trending-140 | B Vitamins. The rhythmn n percussion power Beyonce's 'Formation' Choreography. Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Pyridoxine, Biotin, Folic acid, Cobalamin. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Difficult for a wide audience - CC | Agree with Cathy. Also too convoluted. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 11:27 PM | David | Moos | dsmoos@liberty.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 161 | 62 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | None needed | To remember Thiamine is Vitamin B1, you can pronounce it as "Tie-amine" and remember that a tie looks like the number 1. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/01/17 11:32 PM | Michael | Winter | mowin90@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 162 | 62 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | NEW FACT | This is a mnemonic. | To remember dry and wet beriberi. "Nerves are dry. Blood is wet." Nerves = polyneuritis = dry beriberi. Blood = dilated cardiomyopathy = wet beriberi. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/07/17 9:12 AM | Matthew | Gillings | mattgllngs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 163 | 63 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B3 (niacin) | FA 2017 | to remember b3 synthesis needs vit b2 and b6: 6÷2=3 | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. There's too much ambiguity in this mnemonic, would spend more energy trying to remember the order/operations of the equation - CC | Agree with Cathy, not a very helpful mnemonic. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/22/17 6:58 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 164 | 63 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | NEW FACT | Page 63 of the first aid 2017 book | B3 needs B6 and B2. Therefore, 6 divided by 2 gives you 3. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 10:04 AM | Mit | Chauhan | Mit.chauhan12@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 165 | 63 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819426-overview#a4 | Niacin excess cause liver toxicity, this is a high yield fact that will be tested on USMLE Step 1Vitamin B-3 does not have a toxic dose established for humans. However, adverse effects such as skin flushing can occur at doses of 50 mg/day or greater. While therapeutic doses are considered to typically range from 1,500-6,000 mg/day, these doses carry a risk of liver toxicity, especially if not titrated slowly or in the presence of any preexisting liver disease. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/21/17 5:26 PM | Rocio | Bautista | Rociobautista01@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 166 | 63 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/phenobarbital-drug-information?source=preview&search=barbiturates&anchor=F208941#F208941 | BarBiturates may cause vitamin B2 deficiency (2 B's in Barbiturates) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 11:22 AM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 167 | 64 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B9 (folate) | not needed | Women are given folic acid during the 9 months (referring to vitamin B9) of pregnancy. | Mnemonic | Verified | reject this one, folate is most important during organogenesis and many pregnant women don't take it for the full 9 months of pregnancy.--edu | But but but, it's actually kind of clever! And you could reword it to say something like "Take B9 to prepare for your 9 months of pregnancy" to address your valid concern about dosing. Rare for me, but willing to give this one a shot! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 5:55 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 168 | 64 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B9 (folate) | https://www.cdc.gov/nutritionreport/pdf/exesummary_web_032612.pdf | The text says Vitamin B9 is the "Most common vitamin deficiency in the United States." It is in fact one of the least common deficiencies since 1998 when folate was added to everything under the sun in the form of folic acid (bread etc.) and currently impacts less than 1% of americans. According to the US government, B6 is the most common deficiency. | Major erratum | Verified | Good point. We had outdated information. Good Riddance. Suggest removing "most common form of vit def in the US" and replacing with "previously the most common vitamin deficiency in the US before folic acid addition to food." We also need to update B6 and add that it is the most common deficiency now. -Scott M | Agree. Suggest removing the sentence or changing it to "Used to be most common vitamin deficiency in the United States". -Vasily | My thoughts - is it even necessary to know this? I would just get rid of the implicated sentence and be done with it. I cannot imagine a single scenario where you'd need to know which is most common. Identifying and treating them seems to be much more HY to me. I'm also in disbelief that B9/B6 are the most common. Clinically, it seems to me like vitamin D deficiency is far more common, especially in the modern era. I tried a search for it, but there's quite a bit of "junk science" links that really make it tough to find reliable indicators. The linked article also says "Vitamin B6 (serum pyridoxal-5’-phosphate < 20 nmol/L), iron (serum body iron < 0 mg/kg), and vitamin D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 nmol/L) are the three nutrients assessed in this report with the highest prevalence of deficiency. " It does not, however, say which of the three deficiencies is most common! Agree to remove, but would probably avoid listing any vitamin as "the most common" based on the above, unless it's both well-referenced and HY. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of DEFICIENCY, delete “Most common vitamin deficiency in the United States.” | | 20 | | 04/09/17 7:27 PM | Jonathan | Macleod | studentjonmacleod@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 169 | 64 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B7 (biotin) | http://www.biochemj.org/content/89/3/585 ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3062853/; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-water-soluble-vitamins#H45 | You should add that the biotin-avidin complex forms one of the strongest non-covalent bonds known to man. This might also be a good demonstration to add to the Kd section in the pharmacology chapter | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 4:06 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 170 | 65 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | not needed | The nutritional source for cobalamin is in animal products. Remember this by writing "cob-animal." | Mnemonic | Verified | reject, mnemonics based on mis-pronounciations are risky when the reader isn't a native English speaker.--edu | Agree with EDU, too much of a stretch and may be challenging for some. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 5:57 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 171 | 65 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/ajh.23421/asset/ajh23421.pdf?v=1&t=j2dk9936&s=5d4711d245b38154e35476a022104a8587897d04 | Decreased Utilisation of vitamin b12 in Orotic aciduria and Lesch–Nyhan syndrome along with other congenital disorders. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We cover orotic aciduria on pge 398. We don't however cover Lesch-Nyhan and the connection to B12. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Lesch-Nyhan-Syndrome-Information-Page. suggest that we add another line in the third column stating, "Decreased utilization of Vitamin B12 in Orotic aciduria and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome" -SM | I agree with adding "Decreased utilization of vitamin B12 in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome". I didn't find a proper reference for orotic aciduria. Can't open the link provided by the reader. -Vasily | | | | 05/06/17 1:52 PM | Manik Inder | Singh Sethi | misinghsethi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 172 | 66 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin E (tocopherol/tocotrienol) | not needed | Vitamin E deficiency can lead to E-molysis (hemolysis). | Mnemonic | Verified | reject, so many things can lead to hemolysis that this seems LY and misleading.--edu | But if we accept this one, we can say "Emolytic anemia" - who doesn't want to use the term Emo in a mnemonic? ;-) Similarly, it's piqued my interest enough to let the mnemonics team have a go at it. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 6:01 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 173 | 66 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin E (tocopherol/tocotrienol) | None | E is for Erythrocytes | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Making this distinction may confuse with B12 - CC | Agree with Cathy. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 9:52 AM | Anthony | Naquin | naquinanthony@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 174 | 66 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin D | First Aid | Correlate information on page 66 and 319 (Endocrine section) in regards to the source of Vitamin D2 to make them consistent. On page 319 it lists the source of D2 as ingestion of plants, fungi, and yeasts, but on page 66 it says “D2 = ergocalciferol – ingested from plants.” Without mention of fungi and yeasts. Include “... fungi, and yeasts.” at the end of that sentence to keep it consistent. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Technically, aren't all fungi and yeast plants? I'm on the fence about this one. It seems like semantics -SM | As I see it, yeasts are a subset of fungi. But plants and fungi are two separate entities. I agree with the reader, we should be consistent. -Vasily | | | | 05/28/17 4:31 PM | Sami | Hashmi | sami.hashmi@northwestern.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 175 | 66 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin K (phytomenadione, phylloquinone, phytonadione) | https://www-uptodate-com.ckmproxy.mc.vanderbilt.edu/contents/biology-of-warfarin-and-modulators-of-inr-control?source=search_result&search=warfarin&selectedTitle=8~150#H445860; https://www-uptodate-com.ckmproxy.mc.vanderbilt.edu/contents/overview-of-vitamin-k?source=machineLearning&search=vitamin%20k%20deficiency%20bleeding&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H13#H13 | Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase; hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is now called vitamin K deficient bleeding (VKDB); warfarin causes transient hypercoagulability due to inhibition of synthesis of proteins C and S so you need a heparin bridge | Clarification to current text | Verified | We have all these facts in our current entry, but I like this clients' better. It's more concise and clear. Suggest that we implement this next year. -SM | I'm happy with our current text. -Vasily | | | | 06/29/17 9:45 AM | Rachel | Brown | rachel.e.brown@vanderbilt.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 176 | 66 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin D | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3688475/ | Under Function it states "increase bone resorption at higher levels", there should be decreased bone resorption at higher levels | Major erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093446/ At high doses, can increase osteoblast production of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), leading to increased osteoclastic bone resorption and release of calcium into the bloodstream -SM | Reject. "The direct effect of excessive vitamin D on bone is resorption similar to that seen in vitamin D deficiency". Kaplan Lecture Notes. Biochemistry and Medical Genetics 2016, p.150 | | | | 08/18/17 3:31 PM | Genya | Ohanyan | Genyao@aol.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 177 | 66 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin K (phytomenadione, phylloquinone, phytonadione) | http://www.cell.com/trends/biochemical-sciences/fulltext/S0968-0004(04)00082-9?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0968000404000829%3Fshowall%3Dtrue | Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an enzyme which reduces vitamin K after it has been oxidised in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation enzymes. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/08/17 5:08 PM | Rohan Bir | Singh | rohan_singh@meei.harvard.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 178 | 67 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Protein-energy malnutrition | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-hypopigmentation-disorders-other-than-vitiligo?source=search_result&search=kwashiorkor&selectedTitle=4~15 | Kwashiorkor - skin lesions due to protein malnutrition result in hypopigmentation, not hyperpigmentation | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. Both UTD report hyperpigmentation of the skin and hypopigmentation of the scalp. Would not recommend this change. -VV http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104623-clinical#b4 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/malnutrition-in-children-in-resource-limited-countries-clinical-assessment?source=machineLearning&search=kwashiorkor&selectedTitle=1~16§ionRank=1&anchor=H4#H4 | The issue is that BOTH can be found. Take a look here, for example, at this older but still relevant article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1764353 Basically, hyperpigmented lesions arise, but are then followed by hypopigmented lesions after these other lesions fall off. And from this pediatric dermatology book (https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1461466547 - see page 76), hypopigmentation can arise diffusely as well secondary to a lack of pigment production. This same book also talks about the same dermatitis that was mentioned above. Hair also has a wide variety of different pigmentation issues in the disorder. The "flag sign" is kind of neat, for example. Not high-yield, but illustrates that there are diverse disorders. My thoughts are to generalize it to "pigmentation anomalies" such that we're not committing to one or the other. I doubt the specifics of the pigment disorder are high-yield, but that knowing there are pigment issues to begin with is sufficient at the Step 1 level. We can also have a dermatologist chime in, perhaps to offer their thoughts on how to best present this information. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | Based on that, agree to replace G2 with S here. | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of Kwashiorkor, change “hyperpigmentation” to “dyspigmentation.” | | 10 | | 01/22/17 9:45 PM | Stephanie | Kwan | skwan03920@med.lecom.edu | | | |||||||
| 179 | 67 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Zinc | http://www.uptodate.com.ckmproxy.mc.vanderbilt.edu/contents/zinc-deficiency-and-supplementation-in-children-and-adolescents?source=search_result&search=acrodermatitis%20enteropathica&selectedTitle=1~14#H8 ; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962206022560 | Acrodermatitis Enteropathica is listed as a consequence of zinc deficiency. This is actually an autosomal recessive condition in zinc transporters that leads to zinc deficiency. | Minor erratum | Verified | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157796/. Correct, it is due to zinc deficiency, not a consequence of it. Suggest taking AE out of the list and then adding actodermatitis enteropathica after alcoholic cirrhosis, because it predisposes the patient to both of those diseases. -SM | Suggest saying that zinc deficiency can be caused by acrodermatitis enteropatica (i.e. adding as the last sentence "May be caused by acrodermatitis enteropathica."). -Vasily | | | | 06/24/17 4:39 PM | Sarah | Heerboth | sarah.a.heerboth@vanderbilt.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 180 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ethanol metabolism | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175472-overview UWorld 2016 | Under the effects of increased NADH/NAD+ heading, another important biochemical process affected is "B oxidation of fatty acids". This process also requires NADH, and in its absence the free fatty acids (which is already higher than normal because of peripheral fat catabolism) accumulate and combine with Glycerol-3 ph (which has also increased leading) to Triglyceride formation-accumulation and hepatic steatosis. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I'm on the fence about this one. I think that I have to recommend adding " -> hepatosteatosis and B oxidation of fatty acids" I'm excited to hear others' comments. -Scott M | I'm not sure I understand Scott's comment correctly. And I think there's a mistake in the reader's comment. Not NADH, but NAD is required for beta-oxidation. If there's no NAD, then fatty acids accumulate and are likely to combine with glycerol-3-phosphate leading to fatty liver. I agree that biochemical mechanisms of hepatic steatosis are extremely HY, and deserve more attention in Biochem chapter of 2018 FAS1. -Vasily | Correct, NAD becomes NADH during the process of beta oxidation. Perhaps the user misspoke and meant to say that beta oxidation is hindered because the reaction speed is reduced due to a surplus of the reducing equivalent NADH (reaction kinetics). Seems to be supported by this article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371448/ I will accept for consideration to better help us hash out the mechanisms behind fatty liver in alcoholism. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 01/17/17 5:45 AM | Ranjit | Jasraj | priyeshthakurathi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 181 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolism sites | No need for reference | Mitochondrial Pathways "FAT OX (OKs) eats Meat(Mitochondria)" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Would be nice to have a mnemonic for this, but the OKs feels like a stretch. - CC | Not helpful IMHO, and agree it's a bit of a stretch. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/25/17 11:22 AM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | Msq995@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 182 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolism sites | none needed | For mitochondria sites: (mighty) FAT KOP (every letter in fat kop stands for something from the mighty (mtiochndria) list)......and for cytoplasm sites : Hairy Guys Never Carry SPF (every capitalized letter stands for something in the list) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. If the phrase or acronym is not instinctive, will require excessive time to remember the mnemonic, not to mention decoding its information - CC | Yes, too convoluted and difficult to remember, I am not a big fan of this mnemonic. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 6:20 PM | Saijanakan | Sridharan | sai.sridharan15@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 183 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolism sites | N/A | Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, it teaches you the ABCs, OK? (mnemonic to remember that Acetyl coa production, fatty acid Beta oxidation, Citric acid cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation, and Ketogenesis occur in the mitochondria) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/13/17 10:10 PM | Rachel | Fayne | rachel.fayne15@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 184 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ethanol metabolism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3365799/ Section II.A; http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/basics/steroidogenesis.html | Steroidogenesis is listed as taking place only in the cytoplasm (SER). However, the first and rate-limiting step (cholesterol entering mitochondria via StAR) and the initiating reaction (CYP450scc/CYP11A1) takes place within mitochondria. Therefore, the "synthesis of steroids (SER)" should be added to the list of "both", and the mnemonic for both can be "HUGS take two" (just capitalize and red-bold the "s"). | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. Unclear suggestion. -SM | I agree with the reader. The suggestion refers to the Metabolism sites fact, not Ethanol metabolism. We cite synthesis of steroids as occuring only in the cytoplasm (SER), but the reader suggests that it should be cited as occuring both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria (along with heme synthesis, urea cycle, and gluconeogenesis). "The first step in steroidogenesis takes place within mitochondria". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3365799/ Suggest moving synthesis of steroids to the last line of the table ("Both") and modifying the mnemonic accordingly. -Vasily | | | | 05/14/17 10:06 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | |||||||||||||
| 185 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ethanol metabolism | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_flush_reaction https://www.healthxchange.sg/food-nutrition/food-tips/asian-flush-alcohol-red-face http://www.yalescientific.org/2011/04/what-causes-asian-glow/ http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/2009/11/esophageal-cancer-and-the-%E2%80%98asian-glow%E2%80%99/#.WS2gFHklGM8 | [Asian Flush Syndrome] On one of my NBME’s I got a question in regards to this condition and was not able to find it in the book. You could answer the question with process of elimination but I thought it would be nice to know of this condition as well. Here is a summary: Asian Flush Syndrome - A condition experienced by people of East Asian descent (most commonly Japanese) after consuming alcoholic beverages. - Acetaldehyde build-up from a deficiency of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) causes a disulfiram like reaction (flushing, nausea, headaches and tachycardia). Flushing (most commonly the face) in some cases, the entire body. - ALDH2-deficient drinker's are 6 to 10 time more likely to have a risk of developing esophageal cancer. - Since the mutation is a genetic issue, there is no cure for the flush reaction. Prevention would include not drinking alcohol. - In native Japanese individuals, a variant ALDH2 gene encodes lysine instead of glutamic acid at amino acid 487 and therefore encodes a product protein that is completely inactive in metabolizing acetaldehyde to acetic acid | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659709/ Suggest adding a line "Asian Flush, or Asian Glow, Primarily due to an inherited ALDH2 deficiency." -SM | Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 05/30/17 12:39 PM | Sumeet | Salhotra | salhotra1991@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 186 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolism sites | None needed | Under metabolic site for cytoplasm, please add pyrimidine synthesis. Reason for this is because of Urea cycle and pyrimidine synthesis using CPS I and CPS II, respectively. And its a good summary area to keep everything under one section. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We already have CPS listed on page 33, and this is not a comprehensive list. -SM | Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 06/10/17 8:34 PM | Vrutant | Patel | v.patel09@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 187 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolism sites | N/A | on the Mitochondria , add the mnemonic " Mitochondria looks like TACO-Bell" on far right column and highlight the corresponding letters T=TCA cycle , A=acetyle Coa productions , K=ketogenesis , O=oxidative phophorylation ,B=B oxidation of fatty acids | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/22/17 5:26 AM | Muaad | Saeed | muaad.badr55@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 188 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolism sites | none | ABCdE K ( for the rxns that take place in the mitochondria: A for ACOA synthesis B for B ox of FA C for Crebs cycle E for ETC or ox-phos and K for Ketogenesis) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/18/17 10:18 AM | Christopher | Mouhayyar | chris.elmouh@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 189 | 68 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolism sites | none | cytoplasm: Synthesizes Shunts for Glycogen hunt ( as in synthesis of FA, Cholesterol, Steroids proteins, HMP shunt and Glycogenolysis) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/18/17 10:26 AM | Christopher | Mouhayyar | chris.elmouh@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 190 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Enzyme terminology | Very well known, could probably find in any book/website about biochemistry. | The definition for synthase/synthetase are flipped. Synthetase is the enzyme that uses ATP, not synthase. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree. Would recommend replacing "energy source (synthase, eg, glycogen synthase) or not (synthetase, eg, PRPP synthetase)." with "energy source (synthetase, eg, PRPP synthetase) or not (synthase, eg, glycogen synthase)." -VV 1. Lippincott's Biochemistry | Correct. Good catch and needs fixing. Even supported by the dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthetase https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/synthase Replace as per VV. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Howard Steinman | I disagree with the proposed change/correction. It's incorrect to say that synthetases "combine 2 molecules" (= ligation) using energy and that synthases do not use energy in the ligation. The distinction is not that one "uses energy" in the ligation and the other does not. Both synthetases and synthase "use energy" in the ligation reactions they catalyze. The distinction is that synthetases and synthases use *different* energy sources. Synthetases use energy from high energy phosphate bonds, like those found in ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP. Synthases use energy from other sources, e.g. from the thioester of acyl CoAs or from nucleotide sugars, e.g. UDP-glucose. Here's my suggestion for revision/correction for "Synthase/synthetase" "Combines 2 molecules into 1 (condensation reaction) either using energy from ATP or other high-energy phosphates (synthetase, eg. PRPP synthetase) or energy from other sources (synthase, eg. citrate synthase, glycogen synthase)." | | The definitions for Synthase/synthetase are inaccurate. The text should read, "Combines 2 molecules into 1 (condensation reaction) either using energy from ATP or other high-energy phosphates (synthetase, eg. PRPP synthetase) or energy from other sources (synthase, eg. citrate synthase, glycogen synthase)." | | 10 | | 12/28/16 6:20 AM | Bashar | Ramadan | b.k.ramadan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 191 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | NEW FACT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthase | Synthase/synthetase : Combines 2 molecules into 1 (condensation reaction) either using an energy source (synthase, eg, glycogen synthase) or not (synthetase, eg, PRPP synthetase)... this is wrong , the correct thing is the opposite : synthase don't need energy , synthetase need energy | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/13/17 3:29 AM | Omar | Sawas | omarsawas1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 192 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Enzyme terminology | https://books.google.com/books?id=XnPOEEeXXnYC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=synthase+vs+synthetase+definition&source=bl&ots=q54TjCOttp&sig=LwL8VtTPSBlFGCFwbx02pnmcGlw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia7fihrf7RAhUIx2MKHQYvCMU4ChDoAQgkMAI#v=onepage&q=synthase%20vs%20synthetase%20definition&f=false | The definition of synthase and synthetase is flipped. Such that in book it says synthase uses energy source while synthetase does not. It is not right. It should be other way around. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 02/07/17 11:00 AM | Vrutant | Patel | patel.vrutant@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 193 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Enzyme terminology | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthetase http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/942159-overview | A synthetase uses energy source (such as ATP) and synthase does not. These are switched in the book. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/16/17 1:42 PM | Ramsey | Ugarte | rugarte@email.sc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 194 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Enzyme terminology | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthetase | The definitions for synthase and synthetase are switched. A mnemonic to remember that a synthetase uses energy is syntheTase uses aTp | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | 02/16/17 1:48 PM | Jessica | Wanthal | jwanthal@email.sc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 195 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Enzyme terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylase | A phosphorylase is defined not by energy (ATP) requirements, but by the fact that it phosphorylizes - that is to say, breaks via the addition of phosphate - an organic bond. This is best understood by comparison to the equivalent hydrolysis reaction, rather than through comparison to kinase phosphorylation. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/19/17 11:45 AM | Alan | Blayney | blayneya@upstate.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 196 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Enzyme terminology | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthetase | A new fact added on the 2017 version states that a Synthase uses energy while a Synthetase does not. This is not correct. By definition, a Synthetase use a high energy molecule such as ATP or GTP. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Reject. Already addressed in another comment. -VV | | | | 02/28/17 7:38 PM | Mussanna | Ahmed | mussanna_ahmed@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 197 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycolysis regulation, key enzymes | none needed | Glycolysis is FResh from 2:00 to 6:00 AM. FResh=FRuctose, 2 to 6= 2,6 biphosphate, AM=AMP. GlucoNeogenesis is Not fresh from 2:00 to 6:00 AM. same molecule but they iNhibit gluconeogensis | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 1:17 PM | Moaath | Almohammdi | quintem.93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 198 | 69 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | none needed | fatty SYNthesis is a CIN (CI=CItrate, IN=INsulin) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 2:33 PM | Moaath | Almohammdi | quintem.93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 199 | 70 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Summary of pathways | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1161910-overview | Please add a section on "Propionic acidemia". This is a highly tested fact and questions are usually seen in question banks. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. It is already represented as #21 proprionyl-coA carboxylase. -Scott M | Disagree with user, as Scott stated, already present. Richard G | I recall seeing this on UWorld. It's an inability to convert propionyl-CoA into methylmalonyl-CoA. It leads to a metabolic acidosis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16602092 I would certainly not add it here in this fact, rather, it would need its own fact elsewhere. Leaving to authors' discretion on whether or not to consider. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/10/17 12:43 PM | Rojan | Adhikari | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 200 | 70 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Summary of pathways | First aid page 69 | Please add Carbomyl Phosphate Synthetase I or CPS I to the chart. It is highly test and is one of the rate limiting enzymes for Urea Cycle. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | agree with user, commonly tested as it is a rate limiting enzyme. Richard G | This can be easily done. CPS I is an important enzyme. Agree. -Vasily | OK to add by me, would require editing the diagram, and thus images team involvement. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/16/17 1:18 PM | Vrutant | Patel | v.patel09@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 201 | 70 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Protein-energy malnutrition | http://epomedicine.com/medical-students/vomit-pathway-propionyl-coa-intermediate/ | Pathway should be referred to as "VOMIT" pathway- Valine, Odd chain, Methionine, Isoleucine, and Threonine | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Prefer this one to the one below. Should capitalize L in Iso-Leucine? - CC | OK, I am down with considering this one. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/16/17 9:13 PM | M. Yaasen | Bhutta | ybhutta@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 202 | 70 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Amino acids | N/A | Remembering which amino acids get broken down into Propionyl-CoA and need to be avoided in patients with AR Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: Threonine, BCAAs, Methionine. "Three (Threonine) BCAAs Met (methionine) and Proposed (Propionyl CoA) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above - CC | Agree, this one is inferior, would prefer one above as well for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/21/17 2:00 PM | Mark | Greenhill | mgreenhill99@midwestern.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 203 | 71 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Hexokinase vs glucokinase | not needed | In order to remember the locations of Hexokinase and Glucokinase, highlight/bold the L's in "Glucokinase" and "Liver". | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple. I use the same- CC | I agree, worth considering. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/13/17 9:03 PM | Benjamin Rojas | Soosiah | r.soosiah@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 204 | 71 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Hexokinase vs glucokinase | BRS AND HARPER | THE FIRST COMMITTED STEP OF GLYCOLYSIS IS BY PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE 1 AND NOT GLUCOKINASE | Major erratum | Verified | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22395/ Verified. -Recommend removal. -Scott M | Agree with user, even a simple google search with net the correct answer, please edit. Richard G | Agree with authors. Does not appear that what we have currently represents a "committed" step in the process. Especially given the diversity of pathways! It is likely better described as a means of trapping glucose within a cell. Hexokinase/glucokinase are certainly important, critical reactions, but agree that we are incorrect to use "committed" for them. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Change the introductory paragraph to read: “Phosphorylation of glucose to yield glucose-6-phosphate is catalyzed by glucokinase in the liver and hexokinase in other tissues. Hexokinase sequesters glucose in tissues, where it is used even when glucose concentrations are low. At high glucose concentrations, glucokinase helps to store glucose in liver.” | | 20 | | 03/07/17 5:07 AM | MANJEET | GOYAL | manjeetgoyal@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 205 | 71 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Hexokinase vs glucokinase | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22395/ | The first irreversible reaction unique to the glycolytic pathway, the committed step, is the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate | Major erratum | Duplicate | This erratum has already been submitted by another reader. Thank you. -Vasily | Duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/19/17 5:11 PM | Abhishek | Gupta | abhi.evilangel@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 206 | 72 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Regulation by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphofructokinase_2#Regulation | In the paragraph titled "Regulation by fructose-2,6- bisphosphate", Insulin doesn't work decreasing cAMP but rather by activating protein phosphatase, which dephosphorylates the PFK-2 complex and causes its PFK2 activity to be favored. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. The client is Half Correct. Insulin DOES work by increasing the degradation of cAMP, which thereby increases the protein phosphatase activity and the dephosphorylation of PFK-2. no correction needed. -Scott M | Reject. I think Scott's right. This supports what's written in FA: https://books.google.ru/books?id=gqbSBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA106&ots=aZ2K2Wwsa9&dq=insulin%20camp&hl=ru&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q=insulin%20camp&f=false -Vasily | Fact name was incorrect, I edited Authors are correct, no need to make a change at this time, it is accurate that insulin does have the impact as described by Scott and referenced by Vasily. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/29/17 3:56 PM | Bana | Alajati | alajatibana@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 207 | 72 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | N/A | Cofactors for Pyruvate dehydrogenase (I think this one is easier to remember than the current one): 1,2,3,4,5. 4 sort of looks like an L. L for lipoic acid. Rest are Vit Bs (1,2,3, and 5). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. More intuitive that current one- CC | I think it's a bit of a stretch and is too convoluted to be reasonable, but agree it may offer some improvement, thus I am open to consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/16/17 7:11 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 208 | 72 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | NEW FACT | none needed | ARsenic has gARlic odor | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 2:15 PM | Moaath | Almohammdi | quintem.93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 209 | 73 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) | http://meded.lwwhealthlibrary.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/content.aspx?sectionid=49716398&bookid=774 | The TCA cycle produces 12 ATP/acetyl-CoA (instead of the printed 10 ATP/acetyl-CoA) | Major erratum | Verified | Disagree. Text is correct as is. -VV https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455745807000142?scrollTo=%23hl0000456 | Not an erratum, agree with VV we are correct as is. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/27/17 2:46 PM | Cheyenne | Palmer | palmer99@msu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 210 | 73 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) | Biochemistry Dept , SGU university | your book states TCA cycle produces 10 ATP/acetyl-CoA.. It shld be 12 ATP/Acetyl-CoA | Major erratum | | | | 10/18/17 7:27 PM | Hussein | Gharib | hgharib@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 211 | 74 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/505648_3 | The main step in ETC is electrons transport from complex I to IV , where O2 finally accepts electrons, but , there is no representation of electrons moving from complex I and II to IV in the diagram. The diagram seems somewhat incomplete in explaining those fact. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Such representation would likely overload the diagram with details. The fact that ETC transports electrons from one complex to another is generally a well-known fact. -Vasily | Disagree, no changes needed by diagram, it is accepted that end result is O2 accepting electrons. Richard G | No arguments from me that our diagram is not all-inclusive of all details pertaining to the electron transport chain, but that is not our goal. Rather, we aim to have medical students at the Step 1 level understand the process, which I believe we do adequately with the current image. For that reason, I agree with the authors, we do not need to add the movement details that would make the diagram more crowded and possibly harder to understand. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 4:36 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 212 | 74 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | none needed | The electron chain inhibitors can be remembered by the Mnemonic "DRACO". The memory hook is the character in the harry potter series. The figure would remain the same but the first letter of Dinitrophenol Rotenone Antimycin A Cyanid and Oligomycin would all be highlighted in Red and help students remember where in this schematic each compound acts. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Unsure if this is allowed, but helpful, especially bec of the character's sinister reputation- CC | We can certainly use the name without making a direct Harry Potter reference (the name itself is not their property), so we need not worry. Most people will probably figure out who Draco is without it anyway! OK to consider. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/17/17 10:28 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 213 | 74 | Biochemistry | | | Ophthalmology | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | Kaplan Biochemistry lecture notes page 190 2013 | Succinate dehydrogenase, complex II in the ETC, produces FADH2 as it is also part of the TCA cycle. First aid says that FADH2 ELECTRONS are transferred to succinate dehydrogenase and that is not true. It generates it, oxidizes it, but the electron acceptor is CoQ. Kaplan biochemistry lecture notes says that FADH2 (from succinate dehydrogenase, from glycerol phosphate shuttle and from fattyAcylCoA dehydrogenase (beta oxidation) passes ELECTRONS directly to CoQ. It is the electron acceptor, not succinate dehydrogenase as written in First Aid. | Minor erratum | Verified | So it appears that we're mostly true, but I agree, succinate dehydrogenase is NOT the ultimate electron acceptor. I think we should change "transfers to" to "transfers through complex II and to CoQ. -SM | Scott's wording sounds like a good solution to me. But it would be nice to have our experts to take a look at this to be on the safe side. -Vasily | | | | 08/10/17 4:15 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 214 | 74 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | N/A | To remember oligomycin inhibits Complex 5 of electron transport chain-- Oligomycin has 5 syllables: o-li-go-my-cin | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/04/17 12:56 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 215 | 75 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Williams syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893149-clinical?pa=FH7Rd5ffUYn5YAC6ef49%2FoCoEPabAPR40dY9%2BmO%2FR2y3MlZzX%2BsCs9zuoFdRJLweMw3wnk1vVzSpZXQ0vkFLJXBa6qMPn9v9%2B17kWmU%2BiQA%3D | Williams syndrome has a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 7 and presents with distinctive elfin facies. They have ELF Face. Elf Face has 7 letters. Chromosome 7. In addition, an Elf face would be friendly. People with Williams syndrome are extremely friendly with strangers. This is very easy to remember as El | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Better ones above - CC | Way too convoluted IMHO. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 10:13 AM | Zachary | Blackstun | zdb53551@creighton.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 216 | 75 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency | Wintrobe 12th and 13th edition | Book tells "Bite cells in G6PD deficiency is due to result from the phagocytic removal of Heiz bodies by splenic macrophages". This is wrong. Bite cells are due to unstained part of the oxidized membrane on peripheral smear. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. user is confused, the heinz bodies is caused by that mechanism however the actual bite cell is due to splenic macrophage removal. No changes. Richard G | I think the reader may be right. Provided reference supports the proposed erratum. But it should be page 75, not 90. It is commonly cited that macrophages bite Heinz bodies out of RBCs, and that's how we get degmacytes. This is a good mnemonic, but it is probably not what actually happens. Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 13th edition, p.734: "Previously, these bite cells were considered a consequence of splenic removal of Heinz bodies. Now, however, it is recognized that these RBC contain a coagulum of hemoglobin which has separated from the membrane, often leaving an unstained non-hemoglobin–containing cell membrane (i.e., having the appearance of a bite removed from the cell)". We might need to omit the sentence: "Bite cells - result from the phagocytic removal of Heinz bodies by splenic macrophages". -Vasily | Changed page number to 75, as 90 was incorrect. I don't have access to Wintrobe. Outside of that reference, I'm having trouble finding support for the notion that the bite cell is formed because of the mechanism Vasily describes. Most references I can find support the classic "macrophage takes a bite out of the cell" theory. This may be a reasonable candidate for expert review, before we make any changes. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 04/16/17 12:14 AM | Nirav | Mungalpara | drnirav.mungalpara.nm@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 217 | 75 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | HMP shunt (pentose phosphate pathway) | https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Biological_Chemistry/Metabolism/Anabolism/Pentose_Phosphate_Pathway | In the table of reactions for the "Nonoxidative (reversible) reaction", in the "Products" column, it lists the products as "Ribose-5-P Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Fructose-6-P". In this reaction, one unit of Ribulose-5-P generates any one of the three products, but not all three of them are generated from only one molecule of Ribulose. The way it's written now could be confused as one Ribulose generating all three products, especially because the reaction listed right above for "Oxidative (irreversible)" does have one molecule of Glucose-6-P generating all the products listed. Perhaps including the word "or" between each product for the nonoxidative reaction would clarify it better. | Minor erratum | Verified | Okay, seems like a reasonable request. put "or" beteen the three lines. -SM | Agree with Scott. Another option is to draw 3 arrows instead of 1, but it will take up more space. -Vasily | | | | 05/06/17 11:52 PM | David | Lu | dalu@mail.einstein.yu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 218 | 76 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamins: fat soluble | http://www.medscape.com/cardiology | For the fat soluble vitamins a easy Mnemonic is "DrAKE likes FAT butts". Overall the fat soluble vitamins is easy, but with this Mnemonic you will never forget. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject, but so reluctantly. I wish! - CC | Ha, yeah, it's good, but agree this probably would not go over well. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/22/17 6:54 PM | Brian | Varughese | varughesebrian@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 219 | 76 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Disorders of fructose metabolism | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hereditary-fructose-intolerance https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000359.htm | "Fructose intolerance" can be better named as " Hereditary fructose intolerance" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Suggest adding "hereditary" -Scott M | Agree. Simple edit to make. Richard G | Changed to a clarification, since we're not "wrong" about anything here. I am OK changing this entry as described, nitpicky, but not unreasonable. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Change the heading “Fructose intolerance” to “Hereditary fructose Intolerance.” | | 5 | | 04/10/17 2:46 PM | Hari Prasad | Baral | harrybral@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 220 | 76 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glucose clearance | none | To know that fructose metabolism occurs mainly in liver and kidney: kids(kidney) live(liver) on candy(sucrose/fructose). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 6:33 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 221 | 76 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Disorders of fructose metabolism | UWorld | Another useful way to differentiate Fructose Intolerance from Classic Galactosemia is the timeline of presentation, especially in breastfed infants. In Fructose intolerance, the symptoms often don't occur until after the child is transitioned to cow's milk or juice at >6 months, because breastmilk lacks fructose. In Classic Galactosemia, however, the symptoms are present from the onset of breastfeeding, as galactose is found in breastmilk | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 5:36 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 222 | 76 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Disorders of galactose metabolism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/galactosemia-clinical-features-and-diagnosis; UWorld | Deficiency of 4-epimerase are much more rare, but result in a presentation similar to that of Classic Galactosemia, with the addition of hypotonia and sensorineural deafness. Also, like Fructose intolerance, reducing sugars are also found in the urine for all galactosemia diseases | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 5:54 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 223 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin A (retinol) | Directly from First Aid Page 77 | Vitamin A chronic toxicity can be remembered by mnemonic AlPHA (alpha for vitamin A)--Alopecia, Pseudotumor cerebri, Hepatomegaly, Arthralgias | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | From FAS1 2016 | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 3:26 PM | John | Logan | jwlcn3@mail.umkc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 224 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Amino acids | No need for reference | Essential Glucogenic/Ketogenic (BOTH): I'le go on THRee TRiPs with BOTH of my PHrEinds (Ile, The, Trp, Phe) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. -CC | A bit convoluted, but willing to give it a chance. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/25/17 3:48 PM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | msq995@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 225 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Amino acids | N/A | Mixed Glucogenic/Ketogenic essential amino acids: "Phenin That Island Trip" = Phe, Thr, Ile, Trp. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above - CC | "Phenin" is an odd word, not sure this is worthwhile or memorable. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 4:22 PM | Khashayar | Arianpour | karianpour@oakland.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 226 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Sorbitol | n/a | Current the SECOND reaction under the heading "Sorbitol" is Glucose --> Sorbitol (via Aldose reductase). However, that reaction is already written above. Did the authors mean to write Galactose --> Galactitol (via aldose reductase)? | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. The first reaction is for liver, ovaries and seminal vesicals, because these organs have both aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. The second reaction is for lens, retina, kidneys and schwann cells, because they have only aldose reductase, but not sorbitol dehydrogenase. -Vasily | It's meant to show the process for different organ systems, Vasily is correct. No change is needed here. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/19/17 5:55 PM | Jessica | Yano | jess.yano@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 227 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Sorbitol | last sentence directly above diagram on page 77 | In the diagram under the "sorbitol" section, I believe the second chemical reaction is supposed to show galactose -> galactitol | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/22/17 4:18 PM | siying | li | caralynnli@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 228 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Amino acids | not needed | Ketogenic amino acids: "LYSe the LEU-KEmia" (Lysine, Leucine, Ketogenic) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. One concern is that may get confused with Leukemia, but small price - CC | I don't like it. "Lyse the leukemia" sounds like some sort of regimen for leukemia, and doesn't help one recall ketogenic acids. I would reject for a lack of relevance. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/15/17 9:39 PM | Rigoberto | Tejeda | rgo.tejeda@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 229 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Amino acids | No need for reference | Mnemonic for purely glucogenic vs purely Ketogenic essential amino acids: In Leu (leucine) of Keith's (ketogenic) Lies (lysine), I met (methionine) his (histidine) Valentine (valine). She is so sweet (glucogenic). The second half (glucogenic AAs) could instead read: I met his sweet valentine | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above - CC | Convoluted mnemonic. Not a fan and would certainly reject! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/16/17 8:21 AM | Adam | Sugarman | adamjsugarman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 230 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Amino acids | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002222.htm | Glucogenic: Met, His, Val (Met His Valentine) Glucogenic/ketogenic: Ile, Trp, Thr, Phe (Is Tripping Through Phermones) Ketogenic: Lys, Leu (Ly-kes, Leu-cy) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/22/17 1:22 PM | Alexander | Hailey | ahailey08@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 231 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | NEW FACT | FIRST AID 2017 | gluogenic and ketogenic amino acids- 2TIP threonine tryptophan isoleucine and phenylalanine | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/19/17 5:42 PM | KULSAJAN | BHATIA | kulsajan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 232 | 77 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Amino acids | none | for essential Glucogenic/Ketogenic aa: Phill(Phe) Threw(threo) a Trip(trp) to the Island (Isoleu) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/03/17 4:27 PM | Christopher | Mouhayyar | chris.elmouh@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 233 | 78 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Urea cycle | https://books.google.com/books?id=HT3LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA638&lpg=PA638&dq=n+acetylglutamate+obligate&source=bl&ots=0CAozgJjsj&sig=zBHZwKb_bY8TGz_iTerdk7YjanA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjWxMrKoNnRAhUo94MKHWmOD5IQ6AEIQjAG#v=onepage&q=n%20acetylglutamate%20obligate&f=false | It is written that N-acetylglutamate is an allosteric activator of CPSI, it is not an allosteric activator it is an obligate activator. | Major erratum | Verified | I am finding sources that call N-acetylglutamate an allosteric activator. However, considering that the source provided refers to the enzyme as obligate, would appreciate faculty input for most accurate wording. -VV 1. The urea cycle is regulated in part by control of the concentration of N-acetylglutamate, the essential allosteric activator of CPS I. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455745807000191?scrollTo=%23hl0000663 2. The enzyme uses magnesium as a cofactor and is dependent on N -acetylglutamate as an allosteric activator. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780123838346000963?scrollTo=%23hl0001043 | Took some digging, but I believe allosteric is the correct term. Most sources I can find support NAG having an allosteric effect on the enzyme, such that it functions without NAG, but at a much, much slower rate. I am OK with expert review, but suspect we will be rejecting this erratum. Here's a great Nature paper on the topic: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep16950 A particular piece of text worth noting: PS1 is a complex multidomain enzyme9,10,11,12,13 having two separate active centers13,14,15 that catalyze a three-step reaction involving two highly unstable intraenzymatic intermediates16,17 and intermediate migration between both active centers13 (Fig. 1a). Bicarbonate is phosphorylated by one ATP molecule (ATPA) to give carboxyphosphate, which is then attacked by ammonia, yielding carbamate, which is phosphorylated by another ATP molecule (ATPB) to produce carbamoyl phosphate (Fig. 1a)13,14,15,16,17. Both phosphorylation steps occur at different sites13,14,15 and depend on NAG2,16,18,19. This effector exemplifies extreme allosteric activation, since in its absence CPS1 exhibits ≤2% of the activity at NAG saturation2,20, largely because NAG increases the Vmax and decreases the KmATP of CPS120. Conversely, ATP strongly increases the affinity of CPS1 for NAG21. Thus, there is cross-talk between the NAG and nucleotide sites of CPS1, with NAG and ATP bindings being mutually favoured. In addition, CPS1 affinities for its essential ionic activators potassium and magnesium are increased importantly by NAG20. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 01/23/17 4:59 PM | Danial | Hayek | dhayek1@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 234 | 78 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Urea cycle | no need | another mnemonic to help memorizing urea cycle main components and where they occur: 3 ..2...1 the OCCASional ARGument whether urea cycle is in mitochondria or cytoplasm.....so 3 2 1 are NH3..CO2..CPS1 to make Carbamoylphosphate.......OCCASional =>Ornithine...Carbamoylphosphate....Citrulline....ArginoSuccinate..........ARGument => ARGinine...............the 2Cs (cirtulline and carbamoylphosphate) are in mitochondria where as others occurs in cytoplasm....u can add OCCASional ARGument "As Follows"....to remember that Asparate enters and Fumarate is produced in the process | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Good in theory and prob very helpful to the person who made it up, but hard to transfer to a generalized audience - CC | Agree with Cathy, not really something we can add to the book easily to be helpful. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 8:34 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 235 | 78 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Urea cycle | I found this in p. 100 of Rapid Review Biochemistry. | Instead of NH4+ as is correct, it is written that NH3 combines with CO2 to yield carbamoyl phosphate. | Minor erratum | Verified | This would be correct if NH4+ was combined with HCO3- (in aqueous solution). However, most books I referenced combine NH3 with CO2. Would recommend leaving text as is. -VV https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455775668000855?scrollTo=%23hl0006189 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455745807000191?scrollTo=%23hl0000661 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455745807000191?scrollTo=%23hl0000580 Mark's Biochemistry | No change needed, NH3+CO2 is quite reasonable to maintain. I agree that ammonium and bicarbonate are often implicated (and one can find references), but in this case, does not seem errata-worthy. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/31/17 10:36 PM | Anita | Mathew | anitar.mathew@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 236 | 78 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Urea cycle | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/941090-overview | In the diagram, it states that N-acetylglutamate is an allosteric activator for Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1. Correct information is: N-Acetylglutamate is an Obligate Activator of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/08/17 8:37 PM | Naila | Manahil | manahil_naila@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 237 | 78 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Hyperammonemia | first aid 2017, Page 374 Hepatic encephalopathy section | Antibiotic Rifaximin and Neomycin are given to reduce colonic ammoniagenic bacteria. | Minor erratum | Verified | Thank you for the suggestion. This issue has already been addressed. -Vasily | Yes, already addressed. -SM | | | | 05/08/17 1:03 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 238 | 78 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Hyperammonemia | It's in your own book. | Antibiotic treatment is listed as "rifamixin" (and cited as such in the table of contents) but it is actually "rifaximin" as listed under the hepatic encephalopathy section. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Spelled correctly | | | | 06/18/17 2:14 PM | Annalise | Penikis | annalise.penikis@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 239 | 78 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Urea cycle | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/941090-overview , https://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/nitrogen-metabolism.php#regulation , Short-term regulation of the cycle occurs principally at CPS-I, which is inactive in the absence of its obligate activator N-acetylglutamate. The steady-state concentration of N-acetylglutamate is set by the cellular concentrations of acetyl-CoA and glutamate which are used by the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) to form N-acetylglutamate. The NAGS gene is located on chromosome 17q21.31 and is composed of 8 exons that encode a mitochondrial protein of 534 amino acids. The activity of NAGS is allosterically activated by the amino acid and urea cycle intermediate, arginine. | N-acetylglutamate is obligate and not allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthethase 1 | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6825836. N-Acetyl-L-glutamate synthetase catalyzes the synthesis of N-acetyl-L-glutamate, an allosteric and essential activator of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I in the liver of ureotelic animals. The enzyme is activated specifically by arginine. Says it's both. -SM | Agree with Scott. Reject. -Vasily | | | | 07/25/17 5:01 PM | salem | jaramneh | salem_jaramneh@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 240 | 79 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Vitamin B3 (niacin) | https://www-uptodate-com.mwu.idm.oclc.org/contents/overview-of-water-soluble-vitamins?source=search_result&search=niacin&selectedTitle=6~148#H22 | "B3" may be added above "Niacin" in the Tryptophan pathway producing NAD+/NADP, since other vitamins and cofactors are named in their respective locations within the listed Amino Acid derivative pathways | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Accept. Recommend adding B3 before Niacin, not above. -Scott M | Agree, can be added. Richard G | Have to admit I'm a bit confused about where we don't define niacin but do all the others, but if you both see the error, happy to make this change such that it clarifies things. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/18/17 6:29 PM | Miles | Maassen | milesmaassen@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 241 | 79 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency | http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/42/3/415 https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5429/orotic-aciduria-type-1 | In Findings , it is mentioned that : No megaloblastic anemia (vs orotic aciduria). It has to be " vs. Hereditary orotic aciduria" . Note the term "hereditary" in the name of the disease. | Minor erratum | Verified | https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5429/orotic-aciduria-type-1 https://www.omim.org/entry/258900 Reject. It appears that other reputable sources leave off the "hereditary" -Scott M | Disagree with user, from sources I have read [UTD] and the ones Scott has provided, hereditary is sometimes left out. Richard G | As per authors, no need to make this change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/12/17 8:09 AM | Anisha | Adhikari | aneeshameet@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 242 | 79 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency | https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/ornithine-transcarbamylase-deficiency/ | In findings, it states "decreased BUN" but this should be "increased BUN." | Minor erratum | Verified | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4857352/ Reject. It is Decreased. -Scott M | Reject. 1. The reference doesn't support the comment. 2. Here's reference that supports what is said in FA: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/950672-overview?pa=zCQSO8e7E1oi5yOOibPhgCf8j10VQjjPlr0AmnlGuFoVMXGNw5j4JrYMIvQPcSAAVrJxKJt4DRD8mxYr6kYfOw%3D%3D -Vasily | Authors are correct, the BUN is usually quite low in this disorder. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 1:07 PM | Jerry | Lou | jerry.jierui.lou@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 243 | 79 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Catecholamine synthesis/tyrosine catabolism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol-O-methyl_transferase; http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB04063; http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/56/3/331.long#T1 | Add catechol-o-methyl-transferase enzyme in reaction Epinephrine to Metanephrine in chart. | Clarification to current text | Verified | That might be a good idea. It will mean that we're going to be short on space though. -SM | Agree. We can say "COMT". -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 5:29 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 244 | 79 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Catecholamine synthesis/tyrosine catabolism | As this is a biochemistry topic, UpToDate/eMedicine wasn't appropriate as a source to cite. Please consult the "Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students," pages 289-290 (or simply look at the attached screenshots). | It is not made clear the Tyrosine Hydroxylase is in fact the same enzyme as Tyrosinase (they only differ in where they are localized in the human body: Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the adrenal medulla & Tyrosinase in melanoblasts). | Clarification to current text | Verified | I don't think that knowing that tyrosinase and tyrosine hydroxylase are synonyms is very high yield. -SM | Reject, not HY. Also some sources list tyrosine hydroxylase and tyrosinase as two distinct enzymes. http://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.14.18.1 http://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.14.16.2 -Vasily | | | | 06/15/17 10:41 PM | Kathryn Merrill | Linder | kml016@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 245 | 80 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Phenylketonuria | UWorld Question Bank: Question ID 1484 | Patients have fair complexion due to inhibition of tyrosinase by accumulated phenylalanine, which results in decreased melanin production. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Add "and fair complexion" after musty body odor in the third column. -Scott M | Agree, user makes good suggestion. Richard G | Agree with addition, as it is commonly seen in this disorder. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802510/ -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/27/17 3:45 PM | Ramez Maher | Halaseh | ramezh_93@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 246 | 80 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Maple syrup urine disease | N/A | Branch chain amino acid can be thought of "LIV (leaves) on Branches of Maple Tree" Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine (LIV). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. - CC | Not convinced it's a major improvement, but OK to consider. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/25/17 2:30 PM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 247 | 80 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Homocystinuria | https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2734/homocystinuria-due-to-mthfr-deficiency | MTHFR deficiency can also cause homocystinuria, as THF-CH3 is a required substrate for methionine synthase. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2734/homocystinuria-due-to-mthfr-deficiency Reject. We already mention MTHFR mutation in this fact. -SM | | | | 05/03/17 4:23 PM | Niaree | Davis | niaree.davis@utah.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 248 | 80 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Homocystinuria | None | You can tweak the Homocystinuria mnemonic to HOMOCYST (H=Homocysteine, O=Osteoporosis, M=Marfanoid Habitus, O= Ocular changes, C=Cardiovascular, Y=kYphosis, S and T (additions) for Slow Thinker (Intellectual disability) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/05/17 2:50 AM | Hammad | Baig | hammadbaig92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 249 | 81 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen regulation by insulin and glucagon/epinephrine | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22354/ | The arrow from "Calcium" in the alpha receptor pathway (representing regulation in the liver) to "Calcium-calmodulin in muscle during contraction" should be erased, as "Calcium" is presented as part of the alpha receptor pathway occurring in the liver, which is distinct from the muscle contraction pathway occurring in skeletal muscle and not part of any extracellular signaling pathway. A separate "Calcium" perhaps accompanied by "Sarcoplasmic reticulum" release would correctly identify where the calcium in this pathway came from. Thank you! | Minor erratum | Verified | True. We should change this. The image team should create a little sarcoplasmic reticulum in the lower left side of the cell, then make all the same arrows still come from the Ca. -SM | Makes sense. Agree with Scott. -Vasily | | | | 07/06/17 12:44 PM | Shayan | Rakhit | rakhitshayan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 250 | 81 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen regulation by insulin and glucagon/epinephrine | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22354/ | Calmodulin is one of the subunits of glycogen phosphorylase kinase. Figure says " calcium-calmodulin in muscle during contraction " then points an arrow towards glycogen phosphorylase kinase...making it seem like calmodulin is not a part of the kinase when in fact it is. | Minor erratum | Verified | Indeed, the provided reference says that calmodulin is a subunit of glycogen phosphorylase kinase. This relationship is not reflected in the current figure. But I have to say that this relationship is LY for the purposes of Step 1 and, in my opinion, is very unlikely to be tested. I suggest notifying the image team to see if they can come up with a solution to make the picture more accurate without overloading it with detail. But honestly, I am also quite happy with our current version. -Vasily | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 09/15/17 4:34 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 251 | 82 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22467/ | "...debranching enzyme moves 3 molecules of glucose-1-phosphate from the branch to the linkage". Debranching enzyme moves glucosyl residues, not glucose-1-phosphate residues. Glycogen doesn't contain glucose phosphate. Glucose-1-phosphate forms during phosphylase step AFTER debranching enzyme moves 3 glucosyl residues into a linear configuration. | Minor erratum | Verified | "Major erratum" is probably overkill and I recharacterized to minor, but this appears to be correct. Per the student's source and others, they are technically called glycosyl (not glucosyl) residues. Only after liberation by phosphorylase (which adds phosphate) do they become glucose-1-phosphate. Would confirm with a expert prior to adding to the errata just to be sure thinking is correct. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of Hepatocytes, replace “moves 3 molecules of glucose-1-phosphate from the branch to the linkage.” with “ moves 3 of the 4 glucose units from the branch to the linkage.” | | 10 | | 02/14/17 11:45 AM | Mikhail | Rassokhin | medchel@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 252 | 83 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ethanol metabolism | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/814701-overview | ethylene glycol is commonly found in anti-freeze , which is the major source of poisoning. so, a small note as "commonly used in antifreeze"would help. | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 12/27/16 5:34 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 253 | 83 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | n/a | There is no explanation as to why "1,4" is in red for Pompe disease. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | We need to make this clearer. The enzyme is called "Acid Alpha Glucosidase (AKA Acid Maltase). This enzyme cleaves both alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 glycosidic linkages." Recommend replacement of the entire second column for Pompe Disease with the statements inside the quotations above. -Scott M | Disagree. "1,4" is in red because letter P is the 1st and 4th letter of the word "Pompe". Alpha-1,4-glucosidase is affected in this disease. I think everything is clear from the comments column. -Vasily | I think the mnemonic is easy enough to understand. In the word PumP, a P stands for the first and fourth letters. As it does in PomPe! Conveniently, the alpha-1,4-glucosidase enzyme is also involved. Don't think any changes are needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/22/17 3:49 PM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 254 | 83 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-inherited-disorders-of-glucose-and-glycogen-metabolism | " 15 types of glycogen storage diseases have been identified" not 12. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Suggest changing to 15. -Scott M | Agree. Different sources say different things about the number of glycogen storage diseases. I think it will be safe to say that "at least 12 glycogen storage diseases have been identified". -Vasily | Agree with Vasily, but would just go ahead and say "at least 15" at this point! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In the first paragraph, replace “12 types” with “At least 15 types have been identified.” | | 10 | | 04/10/17 2:38 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 255 | 83 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/947870-overview#a4 http://www.agsdus.org/type-ii.php | In this section you describe all the glycogen storage diseases and include Pompe Disease (type II) as one of this. But Pompe Disease is the only Glycogen storege disease that is also a lysosomal storage disease, because glycogen degradation is primarily a cytosolic process. | Minor erratum | Verified | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4620984/ I don't understand what the client wanted. But he brings up a high-ish yield pioint. Maybe a quick mention that this is also a lysosomal storage disease might be beneficial. -SM | | | | 06/26/17 3:29 PM | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | leidylauragh14@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 256 | 83 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | N/A | Pompe disease is due to a deficient lysosomal acid (acid maltase). To remember the association with lysosomes--> pOMpe and lysosOMe | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 2:44 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 257 | 83 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | N/A | Pompe disease is due to a deficient lysosomal enzyme (acid maltase). To remember the association with lysosomes--> pOMpe and lysosOMe | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 2:57 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 258 | 83 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | UptoDate | Cori disease (type III) is due to deficiency in amylo-1,6-glucosidase; not alpha-1,6-glucosidase | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 10/12/17 6:35 PM | Rahul | Tilani | rahultilani@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 259 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-niemann-pick-disease | A characteristic (and distinguishing) diagnostic criteria for Niemann-Pick disease is interstitial lung disease related to foamy macrophage activity. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | ILD is not diagnostic criteria, it is simply suggestive of the diagnosis. -Scott M | Disagree with user, although it is apart of the disease process, it is not diagnostic. Richard G | While not a diagnostic criterion, if you think it is a worthwhile part of the disease process to mention under the FINDINGS column, then it is worth adding to Annotate for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/06/17 7:28 AM | Cody | Couperus | Cody.Couperus@med.uvm.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 260 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | Since the characteristic of Niemann-Pick disease are caused by accumulation of lipid laden macrophages I think that if the text would be rearranged to say something like: "Foam cells (lipid- laden macrophages). Accumulation in liver/spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), CNS (progressive neurodegeneration), retina (''cherry- red'' spot on macula). Like that it would give some correlation to the characteristics making them easier to remember | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agreed. Great suggestion! Recommend addition. -Scott M | I agree that the text can be improved, but not exactly in the way suggested by the student. Please take a look at my comment at Annotate. -Vasily | Seems to be a reasonable suggestion for improvement, and certainly open to Vasily's as well. Will accept for ongoing debate per Annotate. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/10/17 11:19 AM | Laura I | Mendez Morente | colita8@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 261 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | Niemann- PICK, disease deficiency of SPHINgomyelinase. "PICK the SPHINx" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I think mine is better because it's a real phrase, therefore easier to remember: PICK up and (sphin)GO - CC | Not really a memorable mnemonic, why would one pick a sphinx? The current one is far better. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/10/17 11:24 AM | Laura I | Mendez Morente | colita8@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 262 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3423 | The deficient enzyme in Hunter syndrome is "Iduronate 2-sulfatase" not "Iduronate sulfatase". | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree, both UTD and eMedicine use this terminology. Please replace "Iduronate sulfatase" with "Iduronate 2-sulfatase" -VV http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/944723-overview#a4 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mucopolysaccharidoses-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=hunter%20syndrome&selectedTitle=1~34 | Agree -Scott M | Nitpicky, but may as well make this minor textual change to be more accurate! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 3 of Hunter syndrome, replace “Iduronate sulfatase” with “Iduronate-2-sulfatase.” | | 10 | | 02/21/17 9:54 PM | Steven | Nevers | steven.nevers@hsc.utah.edu | | | |||||||
| 263 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/a | The Fat Man Killed Great Niemann (To represent the order of the lysosomal storage diseases as depicted on the bottom of the page) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Unsure why want to memorize order on the page- CC | Not helpful at all. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/29/17 7:32 AM | Brittany | Lattanza | brittany.lattanza@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 264 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | not needed | kraBBe disease = gAlActocErEbrosidase (Enzyme defect); glObOid cells; Optic atrOphy; OligOdendrocytes damage | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Hopefully can be more simply presented - CC | Not a huge fan, it's rather convoluted, but I am OK considering. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 5:38 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 265 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | Mnemonic | GaUcher and GlUcosidase (Beta-GlUcosidase) share the fact that they are the only ones that start with G and have a U, as well as being in the 1st and 3rd positions. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not sure of the utility of this - CC | Not helpful, I agree. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/14/17 10:37 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||
| 266 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | Since angiokeratomas are pathognomonic for Fabry disease, we can highlight in red that KERAtomas due to accumulation of CERAmide, these words have one root | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/20/17 6:03 PM | Pavel | Burskii | pavelburskii@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 267 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | Niemann-Pick disease and Tay-Sachs disease both have a hyphen in their name. They both have cherry-red spots on macula. Highlight the hyphen in the disease names and in cherry-red. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 6:51 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 268 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | The mnemonic of Niemann-Pick at the bottom of the page is excellent but it can be improved. In order to remember the foam cells in Riemann-Pick, the mnemonic can be upgraded to "No man picks (Riemann-Pick) his nose with his FOAM finger. (Foam finger as in the one seen at sporting events) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 6:53 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 269 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | I forgot a parenthesis when I submitted this earlier! Here is the edited version: For hurler syndrome: Hurl=puke; when you throw up (hurl), you can't see (corneal clouding) and you can't breath (airway obstruction). Afterwards, you gargle (gargoylism) water to clean out your mouth. Also, you can incorporate hepatosplenomegaly by prefacing that the vomiting was from alcohol intoxication (alcohol~liver problems). Furthermore, to differentiate between hurler and hunter-- hurler has a worse presentation--> "you will hurl if you find out you have hurler syndrome" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 7:16 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 270 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | You can add "I HOPE" before "No man picks his nose with his sphinger" to remember "HEPatosplenomegaly" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 7:17 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 271 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | In Fabry disease there is progressive renal failure.. I am assuming Fabry is pronounced like "Fabree"... Therefore, fabREE~REnal failure | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 7:22 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 272 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | You HURL (hurler syndrome) from ALcohol (ALPHA SYMBOL-L-iduronidase) --this is to help differentiate the deficient enzyme in hurler syndrome vs hunter syndrome, since they sound very similar | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 7:27 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 273 | 84 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | self | Both disorders causing a "cherry-red" macula (a hyphenated word) are hyphenated names (Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick). Differentiating the two, Tay-"Sachs" "lacks" hepatosplenomegaly | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 5:44 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 274 | 85 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/946755-overview#a5 | In Medium chain acyl Coa dehydrogenase deficiency, there is accumulation of dicarboxylic acid. "The ultimate clinical result is severe hypoglycemia and hypoketonuria with accumulation of monocarboxylic fatty acids and dicarboxylic organic acids, which are structural analogues of the fatty acids that cannot pass through the MCAD step. These dicarboxylic acids include adipic (C6), suberic (C8), sebacic (C10), and dodecanedioic (C12). Each is formed by an alternative metabolic pathway called w-oxidation that attempts, without success, to begin oxidation at the opposite end of the fatty acid. These omega-oxidation products appear in urine; an appropriately equipped laboratory can identify them and a diagnosis can be expeditiously made. As in propionic acidemia, the cell attempts to conserve free CoA by substitution with carnitine, with a resultant urinary excretion of acyl-carnitine compounds." This is diagnostic of MCAD deficiency so worth mentioning. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject the first point RE dicarboxylic acid accumulation. LY. I do think that we could add "Results in nonketotic hypoglycemia before "decreased ability to break down" - Scott M | agree with author's suggestion, can add that to clear up confusion. Richard G | Seems like a lot of detail, all appropriately referenced, for this disorder. I am less able to comment on if it is HY to know or not. For this reason, I would propose migrating to Annotate for further discussion by both the rest of the team and the crowd. With more detail, it may become worthwhile to consider making this into its own Fact. But would defer that discussion to Annotate too. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/27/16 5:50 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 275 | 85 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | first aid 2017, Page 64 Vitamin B7 (Biotin) > function | Add Acetyl CoA Carboxylase enzyme from reaction Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We already mention this in the book. -SM | I agree with the reader. I guess we can add Acetyl-CoA carboxylase to the figure in Fatty acid metabolism fact. -Vasily | | | | 05/08/17 12:52 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 276 | 85 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | For hurler syndrome: Hurl=puke; when you throw up (hurl), you can't see (corneal clouding and you can't breath (airway obstruction). Afterwards, you gargle (gargoylism) water to clean out your mouth. Also, you can incorporate hepatosplenomegaly by prefacing that the vomiting was from alcohol intoxication (alcohol~liver problems). Furthermore, to differentiate between hurler and hunter-- hurler has a worse presentation--> "you will hurl if you find out you have hurler syndrome" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 7:09 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 277 | 86 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ketone bodies | First Aid 2017 image | The second paragraph says "In prolonged starvation and diabetic ketoacidosis....Both process causes a buildup of acetyl-CoA, which shunts glucose and FFA toward..." It should says "which shunts amino acids and FFA toward...". Since there is no glucose available, ketone bodies are made primarily from FFA and amino acids. This is also illustrated in the image below it where it says "Fatty acids, amino acids -> Acetyl-CoA.....". | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Please replace "shunts glucose and FFA toward" with "shunts amino acids and FFA toward" -VV | Agree. Replace glucose with Amino acids. Richard G | Agree, typo on our end that is not sync'd with the image. Please replace "glucose" with "amino acids" as per VV's comment. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Howard Steinman | I agree with the proposed change: replace "glucose" with "amino acids", because that change is consistent with the figure below. However, I think the pathway in the "Hepatocyte (liver)" part of the figure is incorrect and should be evaluated for revision in future editions. 1) Not all amino acids produce acetyl CoA (= are "ketogenic") 2) I don't think that acetyl CoA derived from amino acids is a major contribution to synthesis of ketone bodies. Under the starvation or the DKA conditions stated, amino acids are going to be used as gluconeogenic precursors. I think that FFAs are the major source of acetyl CoA that goes to synthesis of ketone bodies. I suggest eliminating "amino acids" from the pathway. ...a topic for future discussion | | In the last sentence of column 2, replace the current sentence with "Both processes cause a buildup of acetyl-CoA, which shunts amino acids and FFA toward the production of ketone bodies." | | 10 | | 02/02/17 6:56 PM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 278 | 86 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ketone bodies | None needed | The second bullet point describing the ratio of [Beta-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] says "Alcohol (ethanol) consumption leads to NADH accumulation, which drives the conversion of acew toacetate to Beta-hydroxybutyrate." "acew toacetate" should be acetoacetate, I believe. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Found on Page 86, not 139. Cannot find the comment reference though. Am I missing something or are they referencing an older version? I think that it is important to state that B-hydroxybutyrate is the most common form. That they equilibrate freely in between forms, and acetone is the least common. What does everyone else think? -Scott M | Reject. 1. p. 139 is Micro, not Biochem. 2. I don't see any typos in Ketone bodies fact of FAS1-2017. -Vasily | Fixed the page number issue, changed to 86. Similarly, I cannot find the submission as per the authors in that fact. Nor can I find it under any other fact (eg, page 68). Thus, no change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/01/17 10:57 AM | Joshua | Brill | brillj1@mail.amc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 279 | 86 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ketone bodies | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22436/ | Liver cant use ketone bodies as it lack enzyme thiophorase (succinyl coenzyme A-acetoacetyl coenzyme A-transferase) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. However, I think the following link supports the proposition better: https://books.google.ru/books?id=sSyMAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA197&ots=soFChGZ3Pf&dq=liver%20thiophorase&hl=ru&pg=PA197#v=onepage&q=liver%20thiophorase&f=false Suggest adding to the Ketone bodies fact right after the first sentence: "Liver cannot use ketone bodies as fuel because it lacks thiophorase". -Vasily | Agree with Vasily -Scott M | | | | 04/28/17 1:56 AM | Prativa | Parajuli | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 280 | 86 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Ketone bodies | https://www.medbullets.com/step1-biochemistry/2032/ketone-bodies | In the diagram of the liver, states "Fatty Acids, amino acids --> to Acetyl-CoA" but it should be "Fatty Acids, amino acids --> to Acetoacetyl-CoA" | Major erratum | Staff rejects | Reference provided by the reader does not support the suggested change. -Vasily | | | | 09/11/17 4:26 PM | Vyshnavy | Balendra | vyshe11@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 281 | 87 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolic fuel use | UWorld. https://www-uptodate-com.revproxy.brown.edu/contents/dietary-history-and-recommended-dietary-intake-in-children | 1g protein = 4 kcal | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. -Scott M | The fact that 1g protein = 4 kcal is correct. It was mentioned in FAS1-2016, p.103. However, it seems it that was removed from 2017 edition because it doesn't fit the mnemonic (carb, alcohol, fatty acid - number of letters is how many kcal you get from 1g of substance). I'd agree to add this fact if either there was a better mnemonic or there was a nice way to expand the current mnemonic. -Vasily | Deleted as the mnemonic didn't work with it. Would probably not add back, mainly to avoid a "flip flop" on our part! But no objection to us considering the addition. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/03/17 11:12 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 282 | 87 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolic fuel use | n/a | In the 2017 version of FA, the kcal for 1g of protein has been left out. In keeping with the theme of the mnemonic (# letters=#kcal), the page could say "1g protein (e.g. Whey)= 4kcal" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Good to be complete- CC | Sure, we can add this in. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/07/17 10:19 AM | Joshua | Davis | joshua-m-davis@ouhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 283 | 87 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Metabolic fuel use | Uworld./ http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_29_02.html | Add 1g protein = 4 kcal | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Thank you for the suggestion. This issue has already been addressed. -Vasily | | | | 07/06/17 7:05 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 284 | 89 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | RNA polymerases | First aid pg 89 | To memorize the RNA Polymerases and which one goes with which: think of the mnemonic "Read My Transcript). 1=rRNa.2=mRNA. 3=tRNA | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/26/17 12:35 PM | Tiffany | Dharia | tiffanydharia@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 285 | 89 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Major apolipoproteins | n/a | I believe the mnemonic for C-II can be improved: C-II is a (C)ofactor for (l)ipoprotein (l)ipase. Bold all of C-II, the C in Cofactor, and the Ls in lipoprotein lipase. The two lowercase Ls in "lipoprotein lipase" look like the II in C-II. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/26/17 10:39 PM | Chelsea | Powell | cpowell3@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 286 | 89 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Major apolipoproteins | N/A | B-48... 8=ATE... B-48 is involved in chylomicron secretion, aka what you just ATE | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 7:41 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 287 | 89 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | NEW FACT | none | A mnemonic for 2,4- Dinitrophenol. 24 hrs DIe NITRO with PHENOL | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/25/17 9:19 AM | Mukkal Kumar | Ropal | ropal11@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 288 | 90 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/51/5/904 | For Familial Dyslipidemia Type III, it states that there will be an increase in the blood level of chylomicrons and VLDLs. However, since ApoE mediates uptake of chylomicron and VLDL remnants (as stated on page 89 in First Aid 2017), the text should reflect that these patients have an increase in the blood level of "chylomicron and VLDL remnants". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. I don't feel it's necessary to connect those two points again. With that information, one could infer this relatively easily. -Scott M | Reject. Redundant to add this information. Richard G | Agree this seems redundant, and making this change would not really clarify anything. No change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/21/17 1:47 PM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 289 | 90 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | N/A | Just thought groping the dyslipidemias according to some commonalities would be nice. Pancreatitis in 1&4, early CAD in 2&3, 2endon xanthomas in 2, Xanthomas in all, but 4. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is a good idea but not a mnemonic, with the exception of 2endon - CC | Too convoluted IMHO, agree with Cathy, although the mnemonic idea I have to agree isn't the worst I've seen. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 9:41 AM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 290 | 90 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/familial-hypercholesterolemia-in-adults-overview | think "familiaLDL" because defect is in LDL receptors | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept - CC | OK to consider. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 10:26 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 291 | 90 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/126568-overview | think dysbEtalipoproteinemia is defect in apoE | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept - CC | Not a huge fan but OK to consider. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 10:28 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 292 | 90 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypertriglyceridemia | think "CIIylomicrolipopro" because defect in C-II or lipoprotein lipase | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept - CC | Eh, a stretch, but OK giving it a shot. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 10:42 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 293 | 93 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph drainage | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1970145-overview#a2 | "Right lymphatic duct drains right side of body above diaphragm." can be better written as "Right lymphatic duct drains right side of body above diaphragm into the right subclavian vein, at its angle of junction with the right IJV" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree and Disagree. The current text is correct as is. However, when comparing the right lymphatic duct with the thoracic duct, it seems that the right lymphatic duct is not given as much attention. We did not mention where does it drain into (as we did for the thoracic duct). What do others think? -HB ---------- Agree. Consider changing text to: "Right lymphatic duct drains right side of the body above the diaphragm into junction of right subclavian and internal jugular veins." Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-peripheral-lymphedema In terms of wording, I think it's best to keep the two sentences consistent for easy comparison. - Connie Q | We could word if clearer, I'm sure that the previous authors were simply trying to conserve space. Everything that the students need to know to get the question right is there: Right Lymphatic duct = R side of torso, into the R subclavian and IJ. Thoracic duct = rest of body into left subclavian and left IJ. Suggest replacing the sentence with "right lymphatic duct drains into the right subclavian vein and right internal jugular vein." -Scott M | We should specify both where lymph is being drained from (right side of body above diaphragm) and where it is being drained into (R-SCV/R-IJV). A small addition to this sentence in my opinion is justified, to parallel the thoracic duct sentence below it. Connie's proposal seems fine to me. Scott's is also fine but is missing the "right side of body above diaphragm" part, so for ease let's use below: "Right lymphatic duct drains right side of the body above the diaphragm into junction of right subclavian and internal jugular veins." -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | At the bottom of the table, replace “Right lymphatic duct drains right side of body above diaphragm" with "Right lymphatic duct drains right side of body above diaphragm into junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular vein.” | | 5 | | 12/27/16 6:06 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 294 | 93 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph drainage | mnemonic | A Paratrooper will T.K.O. U "Technical Knockout You" --> Para-aortic nodes drains Testes, Kidneys, Ovaries, Uterus | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Thanks for the submission. Sorry, I do not find this mnemonic appealing. | Nor do I. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/06/17 3:26 PM | Alexander | Yevtukh | alex.yevtukh@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 295 | 93 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph drainage | N/A | spell para-aortic as para-aortik with emphesis on o, t, and k to help remember it's the ovaries, testes and kindeys that drain into the para-aortic nodes. Might be a stretch, but can also emphasize r in 'aortic' and r in uterus to help poor uterus fit in the mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. Let's have the Immuno team look at it. | Kind of clever. Reads as para-aOrTiK, then you'd give mnemonic treatment to Ovaries, Testes, and Kidneys. Worth migrating over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/02/17 4:31 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 296 | 93 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Lymph drainage | Uworld question bank | Hi, I am not positive on this and I am sure you have much better resources at hand but I just had a uworld question that stated this: "The superficial inguinal lymph nodes are located on the anterior thigh inferior to the inguinal ligament. These nodes drain nearly all cutaneous structures inferior to the umbilicus, including the external genitalia and the anus up to the pectinate line" while the book says anal canal below the pectinate line---no idea which is correct but wanted to share it along! | Minor erratum | Verified | Propose to reject I think the suggester means well but is misunderstanding the reading; UWorld and FA are saying the same thing. -Connie Q | | | | 06/01/17 4:17 PM | Jennifer | DeMuro | jenniferkdemuro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 297 | 93 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph drainage | Page 591 of First Aid 2017 edition, lymphatic drainage | Please add "Deep inguinal" lymph node cluster for lymphatic drainage of "Glans of penis" to the table about "Lymph drainage" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think the lymph drainage of the glans of the penis is HY enough to make its own entry for -ConnieQ | | | | 07/16/17 1:38 PM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 298 | 94 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Thymus | Copyright (c) UWorld, Please do not save, print, cut, copy or paste anything while a test is active of First Aid 2017 (pg. 217) | I think readers would benefit by having "pure red cell aplasia" and "good syndrome" also added here under "Thymoma" in this section as paraneoplastic syndromes. Though this is already listed in the neoplasia section of the pathology chapter, it would be good to have all associations in one place. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. These two association are already described in P 217 of the book (as the user stated). I do not believe there are as HY as myasthenia gravis to be included here. - HB ---------- Reject, already listed in neoplasia section, and this is not high enough yield information to take up more space. -Connie Q | Reject. No need to revisit this here. -Scott M | There is certainly merit to having all related things together in some cases, but in this case specifically I'd say SVC syndrome & myasthenia are the highest yield and only ones worth repeating in the dedicated thymoma fact. As such, agree with all 3 authors to not incorporate red cell aplasia / Good syndrome here, as these are already mentioned in the paraneoplastic syndromes fact. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/13/17 12:17 PM | Khashayar | Arianpour | karianpour@oakland.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 299 | 94 | Immunology | | | Anatomy | Spleen | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948863-overview#a1 | "1,3,5,7,9,11": Spleen dimensions are 1 inch x 3 inches x 5 inches. Weight is 7 ounces. It underlies ribs 9 through 11. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 8:55 PM | Paola | Del Cueto | paoladelcueto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 300 | 95 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Innate vs adaptive immunity | not needed | The heading "Immunology-lymphocytes" does not seem suitable to include "innate vs adaptive immunity" under it. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Valid. Is it possible to move this table to the "Immune responses" section of the chapter? -HB ---------- Partially correct. NK cells are lymphocytes, and definitely function in innate immunity. So technically, the term "lymphocytes" includes both innate and adaptive immunity. However, I recommend changing heading to: "Immunology-Innate vs Adaptive Immunity," and completely removing the term "lymphocytes." The term "leukocytes" would be an adequate replacement (all cell types listed are leukocytes), however, "complement" is listed under innate immunity, and the complement system is a liver-synthesized small protein system...not cells. Because complement is a very important component of innate immunity, I think it would be better to leave that in, and just take "lymphocyte/leukocyte" out of the heading and leave the title "Immunology-Innate vs Adaptive Immunity." -Connie Q | I think that the authors meant to say "leukocytes" instead of "lymphocytes". I think that would flow very well if we changed the subchapter title. -Scott M | I'll agree with Connie & Scott here that it's probably easier and more elegant if we change the section title rather than migrate the fact/table. Whether we go with "Immunology—Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity" or "immunology—Leukocytes" I don't have too strong of a preference on, but the argument regarding complement as a part of this section does make me lean toward the former. However, then the fact title would be redundant/identical to the section title, which I guess isn't terrible in the grand scheme of things. I guess as an editor I have to reach a final decision, so I'll say let's go with that. However, Scott, if you do feel strongly re: your proposition, please note this on Annotate! -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace the Section heading “Lymphocytes” with “Cellular components.” | | 5 | | 12/27/16 6:26 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 301 | 95 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Major histocompatibility complex I and II | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/antigen-presenting-cells | A brief note about professional antigen presenting cells : Dendritic cells , Macrophages and B lymphocytes and their function as APCs , would be a better addition. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. The three APCs are mentioned in P 99 of the book. Additionally they are discussed in the HemOnc chapter. -HB ---------- Reject. -Connie Q | Reject. -Scott M | Agree with all authors, & thanks Humood for pointing this out. No change needed. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 6:37 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 302 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Major histocompatibility complex I and II | First Aid 2017/p 584 | "Expression of MHC-I: All nucleated cells, APCs, platelets." It would be consistent with FA 2017/p.584 if you added that not only RBCs but also syncytiotrophoblast lack MHC-I expression. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Valid, ahough not sure how HY it is to add synsytiotrophoblasts here. What do others think? -HB ---------- Reject. More technically, syncytiotrophoblasts lack MHC-IA expression, but do have MHC-1B expression. Interesting fact, but this is SO low yield for Step 1. Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/immunology-of-the-maternal-fetal-interface?source=search_result&search=syncytiotrophoblasts%20mhc%20I&selectedTitle=1~150 -Connie Q | There's a good reason why syncitiotrophoblasts don't express MHC-I, they're part of the fetus, and the mother's immune system is shielded from most of the antigenic determinants that her baby has. I can't think of a good clinical context where this would become important, so I doubt that there will be a question on it. Even if there is, we have covered it in the reproductive chapter -Scott M | Agree with authors here. No change needed. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/15/17 6:35 AM | Spyridon | Zouridis | spzourds@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 303 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | Self-made | Adding (Addison's Disease) bait (B8) to graveyards (Grave's Disease) intensifies my muscles (Myasthenia Gravis - Tensiilon tets) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic, although it sounds like 'word salad'. I would add it for the Immuno team to consider. | I find it extremely confusing and tough to follow. Can't see it as a reasonable addition to the chapter. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 5:18 PM | Rajbir Singh | Pannu | rajbir_96@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 304 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117739-overview?pa=G5e8jXNGmm9jd%2Bp8B0EXg285eQO59PD9AEHWdRc7f1I3PlMQjcFC%2FY8%2FJ7touPiZYnyoy6okIon3n0hGFzsi%2F7Owhd8Mdk7tVO%2FdkscsGC4%3D#a4 | Diabetes Type 1, not 2 has DR 3 and 4. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Thanks for the submission. Sorry, I do not find this mnemonic appealing. | Agree it's not helpful. There's also a far more clever "4-3 = type 1 diabetes" mnemonic being considered, which I prefer. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/24/17 8:26 AM | Matthew | Derakhshesh | matthewderek@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 305 | 96 | Immunology | | | Genetics | T cell | none needed | inorder to remember DR3 "3 endocrine organs affected Pancreas, Thyroid, Adrenal" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Thanks for the submission. I would rather have a more specific mnemonic for DR3 than "3 endocrine organs". | Agree with Humood, this is not a very helpful or specific mnemonic for learning DR3 pathologies. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/29/17 12:02 PM | Mehmood | Cheema | mcheema0314@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 306 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | N/A | To remember the HLA subtypes associated with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DR3 and DR4), you can use this mnemonic: 'At 3, 4, my pancreas said, "DR., no more!"'. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic and goes along with the "story telling" mnemonic style. I would be in favor of adding it for the Immuno team to have a look at it. | It is clever, and I will support its consideration. Although it is a bit hard for me to imagine how this could be made to specifically recall diabetes. May need some editing. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/27/17 10:08 PM | Corrie | Hays | corrie-hays@ouhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 307 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | - | Mnemonic for first entry in the table - 'I bought an Audi A3(HLA subtype) with Chrome alloys(hemoChromatosis) ' | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic and goes along with the "story telling" mnemonic style. I would be in favor of adding it for the Immuno team to have a look at it. | A quirky yet effective mnemonic that can be made into a story, I think this is fair game for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/04/17 12:23 PM | Rajat | Dhand | rajatdhand@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 308 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | Made this up using the one that was already in the book (referencing Dr. Dolittle) | HLA-DR2: DR. 2little SLEps in Multiple Hay Pastures | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Thanks for the submission. Sorry, I do not find this mnemonic appealing. | Not a big fan of this one either. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/13/17 7:03 PM | Neil | Modi | neilrmodi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 309 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | Self derived | B8: “Buy an AMG merc8des” | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/29/17 11:03 PM | Andre | Garib | andre.garib@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 310 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-leukocyte-antigens-hla-a-roadmap#subscribeMessage | Many of my classmates found this really helpful: DM1 = DR3, DR4 = D14b3tes or Diabetes mellitus type 1 = DR3, DR4 = Di4b3tes Graves disease = B8, DR3 = Gr8v3s Hashimoto = DR3, DR5 = DRive at 35mph in your moto | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/11/17 8:19 AM | Brian | Hernández-Colón | brianhernandezcolon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 311 | 97 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Differentiation of T cells | https://www.jci.org/articles/view/78085 | IL-23 is a major driver Th17 mediated autoimmunity | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Very interesting but I'm not sure this detail is HY enough to include -Connie Q | | | | 06/13/17 4:55 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 312 | 97 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Differentiation of T cells | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695256/ | IL-2 does not induce differentiation into Th2, in fact is secreted by Th1 and induces their proliferation | Major erratum | Verified | Let's migrate and ask for an expert review. IL-2 is not as solid as IL-4 for the differentiation into Th2 cells. Per UTD, "IFN-gamma is the major cytokine secreted by Th1 cells, IL-4 is the cardinal marker of Th2 cells, and secretion of IL-17 defines Th17 cells. Initially it was thought that IL-2 was produced exclusively by Th1 cells. Evidence suggests that IL-2 may be important in the maintenance of Th2 cells, expansion of memory Th17 cells, and induction of Treg cells as well" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/t-helper-subsets-differentiation-and-role-in-disease?source=search_result&search=t%20cell%20differentiation&selectedTitle=1~150#H9 -Connie Q | | | | 09/03/17 4:04 PM | Jose | Lopez | drjllopez@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 313 | 98 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4497747/ | Immunology addition: TH17 cells- Pro-inflammatory. Attract neutrophils and monocytes to sites of inflammation by releasing Il-17. Also plays a role in mucosal defense. overexpression of Il-23 by the body stimulates the differentiation of a pathogenic subset of TH17 cells that may promote autoimmunity. (this is kind of a stretch to include, but I had a question of a lady with severe Crohn’s disease, and it said ‘her symptoms are most likely caused by TH17 cells being activated by: Answer was Il-23 ) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Propose to accept. Th17 cells are definitely important now that we understand their role in disease way better. They're unique because they are developmentally distinct from the traditional Th1/Th2 helper cells, and are pretty well associated with autoimmune disorders because their overactivation can cause an inappropriate amount of inflammation, and their secretion of IL-17 induces proinflammatory cytokines. Maybe we can talk to the cross reference team to see how much detail to include? -Connie Q another source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/t-helper-subsets-differentiation-and-role-in-disease?source=search_result&search=th17&selectedTitle=1~67 | | | 5 | | 07/04/17 12:54 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 314 | 99 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | T- and B-cell activation | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/antigen-presenting-cells | "easy as ABC: APC have B7" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I did not get it. How is "B7" related to the mnemonic?! | Confusing indeed, also not a big fan of this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 11:10 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 315 | 99 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | T- and B-cell activation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hyperimmunoglobulin-m-syndromes | CD40(L) on he(L)per T cells | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the difference between CD40 and CD40L. I would be in favor of adding this. | Not bad. Has a nice rhyme component too ("L" and "CELL"). Can migrate over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 11:13 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 316 | 99 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | T- and B-cell activation | NONE needed. | Cross presentation of antigen occurs to present antigens on MHC-II not MHC-I for Cytotoxic T cells. In a cell that is not an APC, which is virus infected for example, it will present it on MHC-I, activating cytotoxic T cells. The helper T cells are activated when an APC engulfs that cell and presents it on class II MHC molecules, activating the T helper cells which will aid the cytotoxic T cells in proliferation. In the book, it says that endogenous or cross presented antigen is presented on MHC class I. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/06/17 2:24 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 317 | 100 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Antibody structure and function | My right hemisphere | Add to the Fc bold mnemonics the adCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity). because NK cells bind Fc portion as mentioned in FA P. 97 | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I would add it for the team to consider. PS: I like the reference provided! | Had to think it over a bit but once done, I do agree it could be helpful. I guess I would need to see it visually to be able to consider it fully. Fair game to migrate over for consideraiton. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/08/17 1:10 PM | Abdallah | Malas | abdallahmalas@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 318 | 100 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Antibody structure and function | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27144/ | The SS is not labeled in the diagram which is for Disulfide bonds. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Proposal to add "S-S" or "SS" to legend with other things (constant, variable, light chain, heavy chain). I could go either way. All (or most?) med students took at least 4 semesters of undergrad general & organic chemistry and should know what this notation means, but we should at the very least have a dash between the two S's to indicate a bond, rather than just "SS" -- or just add it to the legend as proposed. Author feedback would be helpful. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Add to the illustration key: SS = Disulfide bond. | | 5 | | 01/31/17 8:34 PM | Rakin | Rashid | RakinR@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 319 | 100 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Antibody structure and function | NA | Add to Fc mnemonic: C for "Class" (IgM, IgD, etc) instead of just "determines isotype" after the 4 C's. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/22/17 2:29 PM | M. Marwan | Dabbagh | dr.dabbagh@outlook.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 320 | 100 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Antibody structure and function | Kaplan Medical, USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes 2017, Immunology and Microbiology. Page 19. | Under Generation of antibody diversity, point no. 2: Random additions of nucleotides by TdT occurs only while the heavy chains for B cells are being rearranged. Later during B cells light chain rearrangement TdT is not active. Although TdT is active in rearranging all chains of T-cell receptor. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/01/17 3:36 AM | Amin | Azem | amin.alqruity@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 321 | 101 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Immunoglobulin isotypes | https://www-uptodate-com.archer.luhs.org/contents/organic-acidemias?source=machineLearning&search=methylmalonic%20acidemia&selectedTitle=1~25§ionRank=1&anchor=H9#H9 | Please add methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia along side medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. I made a mnemonic of the substances that are broken down through the proponyl-CoA path: MI Three Valiant COPs: Methionine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Valine, Cholesterol, Odd-chain FAs, and Pyrimidines | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this made it into the wrong section. Sounds like a good mnemonic. -SM | | | | 05/11/17 11:20 AM | Patrick | Coughlin | patcoughlin@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 322 | 101 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | B cell | None | Mature B Cells express IgM and IgD: "MD's are Mature" | Mnemonic | Verified | Migrated to annotate by Miguel. Thanks. | | | | 01/19/17 7:44 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 323 | 101 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Immunoglobulin isotypes | - | Where it says that "They may differentiate in germinal centers of lymph nodes by isotype switching into plasma cells that secrete IgA, IgE, and IgG. Can use the mnemonic "AGEing center" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. While it seems like a good way of joining all 3 Ig's, I do not believe this is necessary for two reasons. 1. "AGEing center" does not help in knowing "germinal centers" 2. Class switching concept is pretty self-explanatory. It is the switch from IgM to anything else (except IgD here). | Agree to reject. The connection between the lymph nodes, Ig's, and "aging center" is not clear and unlikely to be helpful to our readers. I do not think this mnemonic is worth considering. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/21/17 12:40 PM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 324 | 101 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Lymphocyte | First Aid 2016 pg 197 | Naive lymphotyces before activation are Medical Doctors (MD) (they express IgM and IgD) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/05/17 3:18 PM | William | Paez Luna | willmax105@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 325 | 101 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Immunoglobulin isotypes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076625/ | In IgG, is important to add that IgG mediates ADCC to pathogens that aren't helminth. ADCC to helminths is mediated by IgE | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Propose to reject. Great suggestion, but already planning ADCC illustration that will definitely cover this. -Connie Q | | | | 07/04/17 4:51 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 326 | 101 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunoglobulin isotypes | http://www.microbiologynotes.com/differences-between-primary-and-secondary-immune-response/ | The book says 2° response is delayed and 1° is immediate, but I've checked several sources and I've read it's actually the other way around | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | No, that's definitely not right, might be a misunderstanding. Current text is clear and correct as is -Connie Q | | | | 08/22/17 10:49 PM | Carolina | Elizondo | caroelizondo12@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 327 | 102 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | Immunoglobulin isotypes | No reference | At the end of Ig M section: the last will be first, and the first will be last, in relation to alphabet, G appears before M, but in response to an antigen IgM appears before IgG, bold M and G in each both moments | Mnemonic | Verified | Emmm Reject. While it looks appealing, I do not believe that it is necessary. It required lots of words to get explained. Also, the concept behind IgM rising earlier than IgG is basic to most students and does not require a mnemonic, in my opinion. It forms the foundation to many topics elsewhere (serology in Microbiology, vaccinations ....etc). | Somewhat convoluted, I agree, and not really an effective means of either storing the material or better understanding it. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/30/17 3:52 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 328 | 102 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Acute-phase reactants | N/A | More FFiSH in the C for acute phase reactants that are unregulated in the immune response. More for up regulation. FFiSH in the C for Ferritin Fibrinogen Serum amyloid a Hepcidin and CRP. | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I would add it for the team to consider. | Heh, clever, "fish in the sea" mnemonic. I think we can consider this one to help learn these basic facts. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/16/17 10:45 AM | Rachel | Fayne | raf145@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 329 | 103 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | NEW FACT | http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=104 | Cholesterol Synthesis steps: His Mom Is Getting Fat, Synthesizing Cholesterol. (HMG-CoA -> Mevalonic Acid -> -> -> Isopentenyl-5-pyrophohphate -> Geranyl PP -> Farnesyl PP -> Squalene -> Cholesterol) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 10:43 PM | Emily | Swingle | swingle.3@wright.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 330 | 103 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Complement | First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2017 | C5a – neutrophil chemotaxis. attracts neutrophils ......(both 'a's being in red makes it easier to remember) | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline. The mnemonic itself is good in the context provided. However, we already made the association between "a" in C3a,4a,5a and "a" in anaphylaxis. It might be confusing to repeat the same "a" mnemonic. I would add it to the chapter and see what other authors think of it. | I don't think it is worth considering, the "a" aspect is ripe for confusion and not particularly memorable. I think it is best to reject this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/10/17 10:27 PM | Terumbur | Abwa | terumbur@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 331 | 103 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Complement | N/A | C3 deficiency increases risk for type 3 hypersensitivity reactions. Should highlight in red the 3 in C3 and III in Type III to help make the connection. | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I am on board. | Simple and effective, agree with consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/16/17 10:55 AM | Rachel | Fayne | raf145@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 332 | 103 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Complement disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-angioedema-pathogenesis-and-causes | "C1 Esterase Inhibitor" should be "C1 Inhibitor" since the former is an older term and now the latter is preferred | Minor erratum | Verified | True, probably not important enough to change this year but let's change it next year! -Connie Q | | | | 07/17/17 10:12 AM | Samuel | Southgate | ssouthgate@uchc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 333 | 103 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Complement | FA 2017 page 391 "Coagulation and kinin pathways" | In hereditary angioedema, replace "ACE inhibitors are contraindicated." with "ACE inhibitors are contraindicated (ACE inactivates bradykinin).". Cross-reference to page 391, that is helpful for understanding why ACEIs are contraindicated | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is a bad idea for next year! There is plenty of room on the page, and I think adding this info would be helpful for understanding. suggest changing to: "ACE inhibitors are contraindicated (ACE inactivates bradykinin)." NOT adding to annotate yet -Connie Q | | | | 08/06/17 2:41 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 334 | 103 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Complement | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/regulators-and-receptors-of-the-complement-system#H6 | C3a, C4a, C5a-- anaphylaxis (should be anaphylatoxins) | Minor erratum | | | | 10/28/17 6:24 AM | Obaie | Mzaik | obaie.mzaik@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 335 | 104 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Important cytokines | Pubmed article -- Pathogenesis of Giant cell arteritis: New insight into implication of CD 161+ T Cells. Samson M. Audia S Martin (2013) ( Uworld questionId 11770 , | Interleukin 6 has a role in Giant Cell Temporal Arteritis | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Reject, this seems not super HY, especially since I can't find anything about IL-6 on the giant cell page in UTD. Also, I think referencing a disease in this chart of the general actions of cytokines is out of place. -Connie Q | | | | 08/12/17 11:12 AM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 336 | 105 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | It is based off of what is in first aid | *A*chilles *S*hould *A*ttack *T*rojan e*X*tremists with *C*overed *A*nkles In *Achilles* tendon *S*evere *a*therosclerosis *T*endon *X*anthomas *C*orneal *A*rcus | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Wrong Edition | Wrong edition -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/07/17 7:42 AM | Scott | Shipman | scottysh@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 337 | 105 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Respiratory burst (oxidative burst) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-dietary-trace-minerals/abstract/129 | Only glutathione peroxidase requires selenium (glutathione reductase does NOT require selenium) | Minor erratum | Verified | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3990589 I agree that the presence of selenium does not appear to be a REQUIREMENT for the reaction. -SM | Agree. This should be replaced with "(requires riboflavin)" as another reviewer pointed out. UTD: Disorders of the hexose monophosphate shunt and glutathione metabolism other than glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency - Sarah S | Agree with Scott, probably fine to remove this parenthetical. I couldn't find it mentioned in a quick skim of Pathoma, and a more recent paper than Scott's 1985 citation (this one's 1997) seems to also be on board with what has been proposed. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417853 -AZ Addendum: Implement per Sarah's comment! | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Gerald Lee | In my opinion, the selenium/riboflavin requirement fact is low yield. I would not expect it be tested in a medical student immunology course and I would be surprised to see this in a graduate level immunology course. Would recommend removal of both parentheses for 2018 edition. I agree with removing the selenium parenthetical as suggested, but I'm not sure if the addition of the riboflavin parenthetical is helpful, even if it is accurate. | Accept | | Under "glutathione reductase" on p105, delete "requires selenium." | | 10 | | 01/12/17 8:23 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||
| 338 | 105 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Respiratory burst (oxidative burst) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11924113 | In the associated diagram, It states in parenthesis (5) Glutathione Reductase requires Selenium, but it should be Riboflavin. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/12/17 11:58 AM | Raza | Syed | razasyed11@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 339 | 105 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Respiratory burst (oxidative burst) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11924113 | In the associated diagram, It states in parenthesis (5) Glutathione Reductase requires Selenium, but it should be Riboflavin. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/12/17 11:58 AM | Raza | Syed | razasyed11@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 340 | 105 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Respiratory burst (oxidative burst) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/225142 | im submitting this again because i mis-entered the chapter name.........plz add the word "hydroxy-halide radicals" to "bleach/hypochlorite" ...since this is a buzzword for MPO deficiency and it was tested in one of the old nbmes...kindly see the word used in the provided pubmed link | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The term "hydroxy halide" has come up once on NBME 13. The question can be reached via the link below (one of the USMLE discussion forms; search the web-page for "halide"). So, is it HY to mention it here? What do others think? https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/nbme-13-discussion.895890/page-8 ---------- Agree. I also don't think it would hurt to add it. Maybe as: "Bleach (hypochlorite/hydroxyl-halide radicals). Note, don't forget the "L" in "hydroxyl." Source: https://books.google.com/books?id=45-VAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=hydroxyl+halide+hocl&source=bl&ots=9CTC1N04FR&sig=hgBXTAAdMKtElzkBya2yGEly6Gc&hl=en&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwi4rd2n4a_TAhVEPCYKHVirC_8Q6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=hydroxyl%20halide%20hocl&f=false -Connie Q | I don't think that it would hurt to put it in. Suggest inserting "hydroxy-halide-radical" beneath "Bleach (hypochlorite)" -Scott M | Heh, as a former chem major this extra language next to HClO• seems obvious and redundant to me. But I guess people forget their gen chem several years later when studying for USMLE. I guess I'm not opposed on that basis. Can revise to: "Bleach (hypochlorite/hydroxyl-halide radicals)." Actually, now that I think about it more, I don't think bleach is technically an HClO• radical. Isn't it NaClO? (i.e., ClO- and Na+) We might technically be incorrect to define HClO• as bleach in the first place. Maybe we should just delete this whole bit and just put "Hydroxyl-halide radicals" What does everyone think? This would be something we'd tag a chemistry professor to review rather than an MD :-) -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/27/17 10:39 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 341 | 105 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Respiratory burst (oxidative burst) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/956936-overview | In the discussion about CGD, the text statates that patients with CGD can utilize H2O2 generated by invading organisms and convert it to ROS. CGD patients CANNOT convert hydrogen peroxide to make ROS. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/07/17 9:57 AM | Dol | Aj | dna24@njms.rutgers.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 342 | 105 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Interferon-α and -β | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089727 | The text states "interferons [...] act locally on uninfected cells [...] by helping to degrade viral nucleic acid and protein". That does not make sense, since if they are uninfected, they wouldn't contain viral molecules. It should be clarified that IFN-a and -b act on all neighboring cells to induce transcription of antiviral enzymes to halt protein synthesis (eg. RNAse L), which only become active if the cell is infected (ie. contains dsRNA). | Minor erratum | Verified | Propose to accept. Commenter makes a good point...it doesn't make sense to say that interferons prime uninfected cells by helping them degrade viral proteins. -Connie Q | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace column 2 text with “A part of innate host defense against both RNA and DNA viruses. Interferons are glycoproteins synthesized by virus-infected cells that act on local cells, “priming them” for viral defense by downregulating protein synthesis to resist potential viral replication and upregulating MHC expression to facilitate recognition of infected cells.” | | 10 | | 07/03/17 3:06 PM | Maria | Grig | maria.alex.grig@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 343 | 105 | Index | | | Immune Responses | Respiratory burst (oxidative burst) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/225142 | plz add the word "hydroxy-halide radicals" to "bleach/hypochlorite" ...since this is a buzzword for MPO deficiency and it was tested in one of the old nbmes...kindly see the word used in the provided pubmed link | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | | | | 01/27/17 10:37 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 344 | 106 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Cell surface proteins | https://www-uptodate-com.une.idm.oclc.org/contents/immunology-of-hiv-1-infection?source=search_result&search=ccr5&selectedTitle=1~58 Also see pages 171,197, and 199 in First Aid 2017 | CXCR4/CCR5 are listed as surface proteins for Cytotoxic T-cells. Although this is true, it may be more appropriately placed with Helper T cells as that is where the clinical significance is. HIV binds to CCR5 and CXCR4 on Helper T cells to gain access to the cell. Whereas their role on cytotoxic T-cells is unknown. (the page 106 listed above is in reference to the 2017 version) | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree. Cytotoxic T cells are NOT an association that you should be making with CCR5/CXCR4. Physiologically, there is an important interaction that you must understand with CD4+ cells. I think this should be switched to Helper T cells. -SM | Agree. Including Cytotoxic T cells here is confusing and risks students missing the most important and HY association i.e. CCR5/CXCR4 on Helper T cells - Sarah S | Agree with authors and submission, move "CXCR4/CCR5" from cytotoxic t-cell row to helper t-cell row directly above on p106 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCR4 -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Gerald Lee | Agree with edit | Accept | | Move "CXCR4/CCR5" from the Cytotoxic T cells sub-entry t othe Helper T cells subentry -AZ | | 10 | | 01/17/17 10:29 PM | Mark | Kirane | mkirane@une.edu | | | ||||||
| 345 | 106 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Cell surface proteins | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/821545 | Helper T cells have CCR5 as a co-receptor for HIV. It says this by the cytotoxic T cells entry instead of by the helper T cells entry. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/23/17 8:36 AM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 346 | 106 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Cell surface proteins | Simply used First Aid, and created pneumonic from there. | Mnemonic for the actions of Interleukin-4: "Ain't too proud 2 BEG 4 help." 2 for Th2 differentiation, B for B cell growth, E and G for IgE and IgG class switching, 4 for IL-4, help for helper T cell. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic. Let's see what Immuno authors think. | Not as big of a fan, but I suppose it's not unreasonable to migrate over for author consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/28/17 8:22 PM | Kayley | Swope | kayleys93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 347 | 106 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Cell surface proteins | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27156/ | "MHC I present on all nucleated cells (ie, not mature RBCs)" can be re-written as "MHC I present on all nucleated cells, APCs, platelets (Not on mature RBC)" | Clarification to current text | Verified | In fact I would vote to delete this line from the book. We already mentioned what cells express MHC-I and what cells do not in P 96. I do not see a need to repeat the same line again. -HB ---------- Agree to delete. It really doesn't add anything to this chart. -Connie Q | Agree. Delete - Scott M | We mention this info on page 96 already, no need to repeat here. Would agree to delete this line (p106) as was the consensus of everyone. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Delete the text, “MHC I present on all nucleated cells (ie, not mature RBCs).” | | 5 | | 04/10/17 1:39 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 348 | 106 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Cell surface proteins | uworld, FA2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2673358/ , https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nk-cell-deficiency-syndromes-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | Surface marker CD 16 which bings Fc of IgG is missing | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. It is on there, page 108 next to NK cell -Connie Q | | | | 05/15/17 11:02 AM | Shoban | Jayamohan | shoban_2@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 349 | 106 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Cell surface proteins | mnemonic | *B*asketball players can turn *pro* at *19* -- CD19 expressed from pro-B-cells and on in their maturation stages. (**should be in red/bold) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/11/17 4:17 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 350 | 106 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Natural killer cells | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/960027-overview#showall | Natural Killer cells may also express CD16 on its surface | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/11/17 12:27 PM | Brian | Hernández-Colón | brianhernandezcolon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 351 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Vaccination | No reference; this is a mnemonic for information already in FA2017. | To remember which influenza vaccine and which polio vaccine are live attenuated: you must be ALIVE to INHALE (influenza intranasal) and SWALLOW (Sabin oral polio). | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic and follows the 'story telling' pattern. Let's add it to the team to consider. | Clever, and helps to memorize these somewhat tricky vaccine details. I am on board with migrating over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/13/17 5:47 PM | Margaret | Maloney | margaret.maloney@stonybrookmedicine.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 352 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Vaccination | - | The Polio Salk vaccine is the killed version of the vaccine because you "StALK to Kill" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We have a similar mnemonic for SalK/Killed vaccine. | Agree, too similar to the existing mnemonic and not really an improvement. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 2:46 PM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 353 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Vaccination | No need for reference | For Polio Sal"K" "K"illed | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already in the book. | Yes, we already have this. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/28/17 2:49 PM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | Msq995@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 354 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Passive vs active immunity | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/782051-overview?pa=H73inzk2fSNmzF3A0tX%2B682ewMP4EHfIn8axKixklELtipTfsc0nLE%2Bt9ABTaUjKs7CF3wx2Tu1U792SxywYLg%3D%3D | "After exposure to Tetanus toxin, Botulinum toxin, HBV, Varicella, Rabies virus, or diphtheria antitoxin, unvaccinated patients are given preformed antibodies." It should be diphtheria toxin, not diphtheria antitoxin. | Minor erratum | Verified | Valid. It looks like a typo, I believe it should be diphtheria toxin. -HB ---------- Agree, definitely a typo. Change to, "diphtheria toxin." -Connie Q | Agree. change to Diphtheria Toxin -Scott M | Yeah it would be odd if diphtheria carried its own antitoxin :-) ...agree with all authors to fix the typo/error. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of NOTES, replace “diphtheria antitoxin” with “diphtheria toxin.” | | 10 | | 04/07/17 6:03 PM | Luigi | Bonini | luigimaria.bonini@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 355 | 107 | Immunology | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Passive vs active immunity | See "Main Comment" | Hello First Aid Team! I've bought the First Aid book series since the 2014 edition. I'm currently reading the 2017 version and want to contribute for the 2018 one by pointing out some minor errors: 1. In page 107 it is stated that "After exposure to [...], or diphteria antitoxin, [...]". It should say toxin and not "antitoxin". 2. In page 158, under "Viral vaccines", it should say "poliovirus" and not "polio virus". 3. In page 126, under "Transformation", it is stated that bacteria can import bacterial chromosomal DNA. Bacteria can import plasmids too, not just chromosomal DNA which is the impression the reader gets. 4. In page 427, next to "Radial (C5-T1)", it is written that loss of elbow extension is included in wrist drop. This is not true; only wrist and finger extension is. 5. In page 431, the muscle "tensor fasciae latae" is spelled without the "e" in "fasciae" multiple times. Correct this! 6. In page 427, next to "Ulnar" (C8-T1), it is stated that upon an ulnar nerve injury one loses the ability to flex. This is not entirely correct, as the flexor carpi radialis is maintained (median nerve). Thus, "partial" should be added prior to "loss of wrist flexion". 7. In page 427, next to "Median (C5-T1)", it is written that flexion of lateral fingers are lost. This is true, but even the middle finger loses its flexion due to the lateral part of flexor digitorum profundus not being stimulated (it flexes the middle finger + the index finger). Mention of the middle finger should thus be added. Same goes for the information present next to "Ulnar (C8-T1)" - the flexion of wrist is only partially lost due to median nerve still working in this case. 8. In page 435, next to "Achondroplasia", it is written that the membranous ossification is affected. This is not true; the membranous ossification is NOT affected. 9. In page 430, next to "Genitofemoral nerve", it is stated that this nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial thigh. This is true, but it's also doing this for the anterior thigh. Thus, "anteromedial thigh" would be a better word choice. The presentation for this nerve should also mention a reduced anteromedial (not just medial) thigh sensation during a lesion. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/03/17 2:27 PM | Naramsin | Bahnaneh | naramsin14@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 356 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Passive vs active immunity | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/782051-medication#2 | Under the "Notes" section of passive immunity, it states "After exposure to Tetanus toxin, botulinum toxin, HBV, varicella, Rabies virus, or diphtheria ANTITOXIN..." I believe this should read "diphtheria toxin" and not antitoxin. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/05/17 9:18 PM | David | Lu | dalu@mail.einstein.yu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 357 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Vaccination | No hyperlink, just a mnemonic that I made up. | I have a mnemonic for the live attenuated vaccines, and the first letter of every word (capitalized) corresponds with a different live vaccine: Mean Moms Yell But Plenty Remember Vaccination Requirements (Measles, Mumps, Yellow fever, BCG, Polio (sabin), Rubella, Varicella, Rotavirus). I believe this is a good mnemonic because it even has the word "vaccination" in there. Thanks so much for your time! | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic and follows the 'story telling' pattern. Let's add it for the team to consider. | Ha, clever, and does have a story element. I think this has potential and is worth migrating over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 6:56 PM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@westernu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 358 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Passive vs active immunity | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369592/ | The text reads "After exposure to Tetanus toxin, Botulinum toxin, HBV, Varicella, Rabies virus, or diphtheria antitoxin, unvaccinated patients are given preformed antibodies (passive). It mistakenly states "diphtheria antitoxin" instead of the correct "diphtheria toxin". | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/11/17 4:35 PM | Lohith | Vatti | lohith.vatti@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 359 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Passive vs active immunity | https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/downloads/protocol.pdf | In the 'NOTES' the following paragraph is written: 'After exposure to Tetanus toxin, Botulinum toxin, HBV, Varicella, Rabies virus, or diphtheria antitoxin, unvaccinated patients are given preformed antibodies (passive)'. It should be written diphtheria toxin rather than antitoxin. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 07/09/17 4:27 AM | Avital | Weisman | weismanavital@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 360 | 108 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/laboratory-tests-to-support-the-clinical-diagnosis-of-anaphylaxis http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135065-overview | In anaphylaxis ( Type 1 hypersensitivity), "Two of the most abundant and best-characterized preformed granule mediators released by the cells during anaphylaxis are tryptase and histamine." this is higlhy tested on exams. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. increased tryptase in serum supports dx of anaphylaxis (per UTD resource provided by the user). And yes it is frequently tested on UW (I am afraid I cannot provide QID numbers here for UW as my subscription has expired). - HB ---------- Agree. Definitely high yield. Recommend change to: "triggering immediate release of histamine, a vasoactive amine, and tryptase, a marker of mast cell activation." I think it's important to remind that histamine is vasoactive, and that tryptase is a serum marker. -Connie Q | Agree. I saw this multiple times. Suggest replacing "triggering immediate release of vasoactive amines that act at postcapillary vanules (ie histamine)." with "triggering an immediate release of histamine and tryptase." -Scott M | Agree with authors x3! Scott & Connie have similar wording propositions. Migrate both to Annotate and I'll decide later...(writing this late at night) -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/28/16 9:12 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 361 | 108 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | None | Instead of using ACID as the mnemonic, you can use ABCD. A for Anaphylactic and Atopic, B for antiBody, C for immune Complex, and D for Delayed. ABCD is easier to remember than ACID, also the C and I in the original mnemonic mean "cytotoxic" and "immune complex" and cytotoxic is not as descriptive and confusing, also these two are easy to mix up because both have a C. | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I am on board. | A reasonable replacement to consider by the chapter team. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/02/17 10:53 AM | Luke | He | lghz58@mail.umkc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 362 | 108 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/immune-thrombocytopenia-itp-in-children-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=Idiopathic+Thrombocytopenic+Purpura&selectedTitle=5%7E150 | In type II hypersensitivity reactions, replace "immune thrombocytopenic purpura" with "immune thrombocytopenia", to be consistent with the currently accepted term (see UpToDate quote in the end) and the term used in the same First Aid 2017 p. 405 (it's confusion to have it named differently in 2 different places). "ITP was previously known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The current term Immune ThrombocytoPenia preserves the widely-recognized acronym "ITP", while acknowledging the immune-mediated mechanism of the disorder and that patients may have little or no signs of purpura or bleeding." (From UpToDate). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Maybe? The source provided is correct, but "immune thrombocytopenic purpura" is still listed at the top as a potential name. Is it worth changing? Adding to annotate -Connie Q | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 3 of Type II, replace “Immune thrombocytopenic purpura” with “Immune thrombocytopenia” | | 5 | | 07/07/17 2:30 PM | Lama | Assi | lamahassi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 363 | 109 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | First Aid 2017 pages 98-97 | In hypersensitivity IV , in examples : Graft-versus-host disease is related to CD8+ cytotoxic T cell not to CD4+ helper T cells. | Major erratum | Verified | Yes, we do have this association of CD8 cells and GVDH twice in other parts of the book/chapter, and this particular Type IV HS fact underwent a major revision in layout last year. We should move this line a couple up to be with T1DM bullet points. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Gerald Lee | Sadly, there isn't really a "pure" CD4 or CD8 mediated type IV hypersensitivity reaction, since often multiple members of the immune system work in concert. CD4+ and CD8+ cells release cytokines which encourage inflammation but CD8+ cells also participate in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. You could consider just listing examples for then entire category of type IV instead of individually listing examples for CD4 and CD8 for each row. | Accept | | Rather than list two sets of clinical examples for CD8+-mediated and CD4+-mediated Type IV hypersensitivity reactions, respectively, this is better conveyed as a single list of all examples of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions. -AZ | | 20 | | 02/17/17 5:37 PM | Banafsheh | Jalalian | banafshehjalalian@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||
| 364 | 109 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus?source=search_result&search=type%201%20diabetes%20antibody&selectedTitle=2~150 | Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is given as an example of a Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction. However, T1DM has numerous associated autoantibodies (e.g. Anti-GAD65, Anti-ICA, Anti-IAA), thus it could be classified as a Type 2 HSR. Since (1) T1DM is not provided as an example of a T2 HSR and (2) the text immediately above the T1DM instance implies that T1DM does not involve antibodies. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Already addressed in another comment. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/28/17 6:12 PM | Umang | Khandpur | Umang.Khandpur@osumc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 365 | 109 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/IMMHTML/IMM102.html | Type 4 hypersensitivity lists " Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ." In fact , Type 1 DM is Type 2 with antibodies against anti islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies . | Minor erratum | Verified | I believe we deliberately changed this last year from Type II HS to Type IV HS, though I recognize this is a point of confusion from what's taught in med schools. Would like Dr. Krafts or other Immunology faculty to weigh in here.≈ -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Gerald Lee | Unfortunately both are right. Islet cell antibodies mediate cytotoxicity, making this a type II reaction (antibody dependent cytotoxicity). However, even patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (without any antibodies) can develop type I diabetes, suggesting a T cell mediated reaction (type IV) and this is also listed in Robbins. There really isn't a way to win here, because some enterprising medical student will find an example where T cells are involved or antibodies are involved. The classical teaching is that T1DM is a type II reaction. Would suggest removing type I diabetes entirely as an example. | Accept | | Strike "Type 1 diabetes mellitus" from the list of examples of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions. | | 10 | | 03/03/17 11:06 AM | Vyshnavy | Balendra | Vyshe11@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 366 | 109 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | uworld, cbse/nbme, fa2016 | Multiple Sclerosis is a high yield example of Type 4 Hypersensitivity | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | There seems to be some controversy over type IV and type II hypersensitivity contribution to MS. Let's wait for next year, maybe get an expert review? -Connie Q https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.libproxy.temple.edu/pmc/articles/PMC4595775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4595775/ | | | | 05/15/17 11:41 AM | Shoban | Jayamohan | shoban_2@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 367 | 110 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Blood transfusion reactions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/immunologic-blood-transfusion-reactions?source=search_result&search=febrile%20nonhemolytic%20reaction&selectedTitle=1~18#H3 | Column 2(pathogenesis): Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction is actually induced by cytokines which are generated and accumulate during the storage of blood components. | Minor erratum | Verified | Relevant excerpt from UpToDate below. It appears we have what was an older belief regarding pathogenesis of FNHTRs. I do see merit in editing what we have. -AZ ------- FNHTRs were thought to be immune in nature since they have been associated with class I HLA antibodies (or sometimes granulocyte specific antibodies) directed against contaminating leukocytes in red cell concentrates [2,8]; however, such antibodies are not always found. [...] It is now clear that FNHTRs are commonly caused by cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa), which are generated and accumulate during the storage of blood components [3,11-13]. In one series, for example, the dominant factor determining the risk of a reaction was the age of the component [3]. In another report, the mean IL-8 concentration increased 100-fold between days two and five of storage and rose further with continued storage [12]. At least one study has suggested that the increased IL-8 concentrations in stored unfiltered red cell products may be associated with transient post-transfusion leukocytosis in critically ill non-septic patients [14].ransfusion reactions [20]. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Gerald Lee | Those mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, I would argue both are potential mechanisms. I would list both, although you can no longer list it as a pure type II reaction. | Accept | | Revise FNHTR column 2 entry from: "Type II hypersensitivity reaction. Host antibodies against donor HLA antigens and WBCs." to: "Two known mechanisms of pathogenesis: 1) Type II hypersensitivity reaction with host antibodies against donor HLA antigens and WBCs. 2) Induced by cytokines which are created and accumulate during the storage of blood products" -AZ | | 10 | | 02/20/17 9:28 AM | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | | | ||||||||
| 368 | 110 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Stains | page 110 of First Aid book 2017: Periodic Acid-schiff stain can be used to diagnose Whipple disease | PaSs the sugar mnemonic (add to it: It's sWeet "for Whipple disease") | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 7:36 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 369 | 111 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Autoantibodies | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-primary-biliary-cholangitis-primary-biliary-cirrhosis | Primary biliary cirrhosis is now officially known at primary biliary cholangitis. This change should be carried throughout the text. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree to change 1* biliary cirrhosis to 1* biliary cholangitis. The term has already been implemented in the GI chapter P 378 to describe the condition. -HB ---------- Agree. -Connie Q | Agree. -Scott M ---- 04/25/17: I have migrated some of those to annotate. Could not migrate the rest as they are on the index pages (not yet up on annotate). -HB | Sounds good! Change terminology throughout the book: Main text- p111 (Imm), p211 (Path) Rapid Review- p657 Index (not sure how many of these are PBC specifically, just did a quick CTRL+F of biliary cirrhosis...take a quick peak when migrating to Annotate): p719, p722, p724, p727, p743, p756, p760, p763, p765, -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/18/17 8:52 PM | Thomas | Boyle | tab127@miami.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 370 | 111 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Autoantibodies | not needed | "Anti-SSA, anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La) " should be re-written as " Anti-SSA (anti-Ro),anti-SSB (anti-La)" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. It makes sense to tell which antibody is anti-Ro vs anti-La https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-classification-of-sjogrens-syndrome?source=search_result&search=sjogren&selectedTitle=1~150 -HB ---------- Agree. May be more clear/concise to change to, "Anti-Ro/SSA, Anti-La/SSB." This format is accepted in medical use, source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-anti-ro-ssa-and-anti-la-ssb-antigen-antibody-systems -Connie Q | Agree. -Scott M | I agree with the submission and I like Connie's proposal for reformatting, let's do it accordingly. Thanks! -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2, replace “Anti-SSA, anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La)” with “Anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB.” | | 5 | | 04/10/17 1:44 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 371 | 111 | Immunology | | | Inflammation | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autoimmune-hepatitis-serologic-markers | Keep the A1 SAUCe away from ANA or she'll get ASMA. Autoimmune hepatitis type 1 co-presents with Synovitis, Autoimmune thyroid, Ulcerative colitis, and Celiac disease. Dx: test for ANA/ASMA | Mnemonic | Verified | This is a new entry rather than a mnemonic. We could add it for the team to consider. - PS: The page provided is for Immuno, but chapter tagged is Gastro. This is the response of Immuno author. | I fixed the incorrect chapter designation. This is a bizarre mnemonic but it may have potential, and it is not unreasonable to migrate it over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 8:27 PM | Eric | Zhang | chimpanzeenator@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 372 | 111 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Autoantibodies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/subclinical-hypothyroidism-in-nonpregnant-adults? "Most patients have chronic autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis with high serum concentrations of antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO, formerly called antithyroid microsomal) antibodies" | Hashimoto thyroiditis section; antimicrosomal antibodies seem like a different antibody than anti-TPO antibodies, which in fact are the same. I would change the text as following -> Antithyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxidase (antimicrosomal) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Propose to accept, for next year! Not a crucial mistake that needs to be changed now, but it would be nice to update the nomenclature for 2019. Suggest: "Antithyroglobulin, antithyroid peroxidase (antimicrosomal)" Primary source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3667891 -Connie Q | | | | 08/05/17 7:35 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 373 | 112 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | self | Mnemonic to remember the B-cell, T-cell, and both B/T-cell disorders. For the B-cells, remember "CAB": (Common variable, selective igA, Bruton). For T-cell, remember "DIME" (Digeorge, IL-12, chronic Mucocutaneous, hyper igE). For T/B-cell, remember "WASH" (Wiskott aldrich, Ataxia telangiectasia, SCID, HyperIgM | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I am on board. Let's have the Immuno team evaluate it. | Not bad, could be a helpful means of helping to better learn and organize these disorders. I am on board with migrating over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/26/17 12:37 PM | Alexander | Yevtukh | alex.yevtukh@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 374 | 112 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | N/A | To remember STAT mutation for Job Syndrome- "I need a Job, STAT" | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. It is also kind of a story-based. Let's have the Immuno team evaluate it. | OK by me for consideration as well. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/09/17 8:03 PM | Rachel | Moss | Rachelmoss0609@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 375 | 112 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Abbreviations and Symbols | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/agammaglobulinemia?source=search_result&search=btk%20gene&selectedTitle=1~5 | In X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia, add that the BTK gene actually stands for "Bruton tyrosine kinase" (it makes it easier to remember that the disease is also called Bruton, and that the BTK gene is a tyrosine kinase gene. (XLA is due to defects in a signal transduction molecule called Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) - from UpToDate). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Propose to reject. Current text has the B in Bruton and B in BTK as red, which links the two. Then right after BTK, it says "a tyrosine kinase gene" so I think the red lettering plus the explanation right after the BTK makes it pretty intuitive for most people. -Connie Q | | | | 07/08/17 11:46 AM | Lama | Assi | lamahassi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 376 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | First Aid 2017 | For Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, I think changing the font color to red for "E" and "A" of IgE and IgA would be helpful since it shares the same letters of "WATER." | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I am on board. | This is already done in the chapter, within the confines of column 3 where the mnemonic is housed. Don't think this additional change elsewhere is necessary. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/09/17 1:51 PM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 377 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | self | in SCID, you get SKID Marks (Diarrhea) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. While yes diarrhea is a feature, SCID patients are actually susceptible to wide variety of infections due to the nature of the disease. We do not want readers to focus only on diarrhea. | Diarrhea is too narrow a finding to focus such a mnemonic on, and I thus agree that this not a helpful mnemonic. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 12:26 AM | Alexander | Yevtukh | alex.yevtukh@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 378 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1113394-overview | I think that it should be noted that Ataxia telangiectasia is autosomal recessive. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. The disorders above and below all have their inheritance pattern mentioned. Why not do the same for AT? Per UTD: "Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. " https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ataxia-telangiectasia?source=search_result&search=ataxia%20telangiectasia&selectedTitle=1~150 -HB ---------- Agree. -Connie Q | Agree. -Scott M | Thanks all -- agree with Humood. Can make it a new sentence after "cell cycle arrest" in column 2. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/10/17 10:00 PM | Anita | Mathew | anitar.mathew@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 379 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_severe_combined_immunodeficiency | SCID is X-recessive | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. Neither UTD, nor DMP specify the type of X-linked inheritance in XL-SCID. I am reluctant to depend on wikipedia (link provided by user). 1.https://www.uptodate.com/contents/x-linked-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid?source=see_link 2.http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116174/Severe-combined-immunodeficiency-SCID -HB ---------- Partially accept. In the world of immunology, it is very well known that SCID is X-linked recessive. HB, this is implied in your UTD link because of the male predominance mentioned. In your DMP link, the third source is a paper covering SCID's X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Suggest change to, "X-linked recessive," because X-recessive is not a used term. This would also be consistent with the other diseases on the page that were specified to be X-linked recessive (Wiskott-Aldrich and CGD). -Connie Q | Reject. SCID can be X-linked or Autosomal Recessive, with different mutations. https://www.omim.org/entry/300400 . I don't see the point in calling this disease X-recessive rather than X-linked. Recommend keeping as is. -Scott M | An interesting point of discussion. First off, I would disagree with using the terminology "X-recessive" as proposed by the original comment, as there is no medical precedence for such a term that I'm aware of. We do currently note that there are two forms of inheritance for SCID in the table, one which is "X-linked" (not specifying X-linkd recessive or dominant) and one which is "Autosomal recessive," so this is simply a matter of whether the former is specifically "X-linked *recessive*." Connie brings up a good point re: male predominance that would support such a claim. I'd personally vote we make a change here, since not having a modifier (recessive vs. dominant) makes it seem vague/confusing. Let's migrate this to Annotate and use the yellow "expert review" tag to have Dr. DeFranco or Dr. Lee take a look at it. Migrate all URLs and all 4 of our comments so they have quick access to our discussion here, and highlight over the text "(most common, X-linked)" -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 under Severe combined immunodeficiency, replace “X-linked” with “X-linked recessive.” | | 5 | | 03/14/17 11:41 PM | Peter | Rezkalla | pr919@nyu.edu | | | |||||||
| 380 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | N/A | Chediak-Higashi Syndrome's presentation can be remembered as "PLAIN" for Progressive Neurodegeneration, Lymphohistiocytosis, Albinism (partial), Infections with staph and strep, Neuropathy. | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting, although not story-based, mnemonic. Chediak-Higashi syndrome has no mnemonic at present, it would be helpful one here. Let's have the Immuno team evaluate it. | Simple and potentially effective, agree that this is worth considering. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 7:49 PM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 381 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | Self/First-Aid | When you're broke, you need to use an ATM. (Mnemonic to help remember that the ATM gene is involved in repairing DNA double strand breaks.) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/21/17 1:08 AM | Jeremy | Dick | 14jmy1414@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 382 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | FirstAid n/a | Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome = LYST. LYST = the gene that is defective; presentation is Light skin (albinism), nYstagmus and neuropathy, Staph and Strep infections, and microTubular defects | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:00 PM | Jordyn | Tumas | jbt005@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 383 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.usc.edu/contents/ataxia-telangiectasia?source=search_result&search=ataxia%20telangiectasia&selectedTitle=1~150 | In ataxia-telangiectasia, defects in ATM gene leads to failure to repair DNA double strand breaks, which means there is a FAILURE for cell cycle arrest. The defect does not lead to cell cycle arrest. The way it is worded right now in FA2017 can lead to confusion. It might also be worthwhile to note that ATM phosphorylates p53. | Major erratum | Verified | Yes! This is totally an error and should be fixed. ATM phosphorylates a lot of proteins involved in cell cycle arrest. In the absence of ATM function, it can't turn on things like p53 to stop cell cycle progression. Thus, in ataxia-telangiectasia, UTD states: "In the absence of the supervisory function of ATM, cells can build up somatic mutations, possibly leading to malignant transformation" and this is waht leads to the increased propensity for leukemias and lymphomas. -Connie Q | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace column 2 of Ataxia-telangiectasia with the following: “Defects in ATM gene → failure to detect DNA damage → failure to halt progression of cell cycle → mutations accumulate; autosomal recessive.” | | 20 | | 07/04/17 1:57 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 384 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chediak-higashi-syndrome | For Chediak Higashi: Cells have a hard time PPASSING vesicles and granules (d/t impaired Microtubule transport/ LYST mutation). Peripheral Neuropathy, Pancytopenia, Albinism, Staph, Strep, Infiltrative Histiocytosis, Neurodegeneration, Granules (in granulocytes and platelets). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/08/17 3:38 PM | Ritu | Chakrabarti | ritu.chakrabarti@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 385 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chediak-higashi-syndrome?source=search_result&search=chediak%20higashi&selectedTitle=1~31#H4 | Ghediák-Higashi syndrome mnemonic GIANTS: Giant granules in granulocytes and platelets Recurrent Infections Partial Albinism Peripheral Neurodegeneration PancyTopenia Infiltrative lymphohiStiocytosis | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/01/17 8:08 PM | Gabriela | Urcuyo | gabrielaurcuyo@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 386 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | N/a | Ataxia telangiectasia: Think AAAAAAAs (A list of 7 A's): • ATM gene (causing lack of dsDNA repair) • Ataxia (cerebellar defects) • spider Angiomas • ↓IgA (& sometimes IgG / IgE) • ↑AFP • AR inheritence • A quarter century life expectancy | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/18/17 1:52 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 387 | 114 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Infections in immunodeficiency | - | The "P" in the mnemonic for "Please SHINE my SKiS" is not bolded. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | User is correct. Please change the font on the "P" in "Please" in the mnemonic. -HB ---------- Agree. -Connie Q | Agree. Place a Bold Red P in front of please. -Scott M | Bummer, apologies for missing this in our revision of this table last year lol. Yes, please red/bold accordingly. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 4:40 PM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 388 | 114 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Infections in immunodeficiency | None | When explaining bacterial infections with decreased complement, it says encapsulated species with early "component" deficiencies, instead of "complement." | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Yes -Connie Q | Yep, indeed a typo here. Fix as per original submission. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/02/17 1:46 PM | Luke | He | lghz58@mail.umkc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 389 | 114 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Infections in immunodeficiency | None | When explaining bacterial infections with decreased complement, it says encapsulated species with early "component" deficiencies, instead of "complement." | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 02/05/17 2:42 PM | Luke | He | lghz58@mail.umkc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 390 | 114 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | N/A | For the Please SHINE my SkiS mnemonic, the "P" in "Please" is not in red font to go along with Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 04/22/17 7:01 PM | Michael Pei-Yu | Lee | leemp@evms.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 391 | 114 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | none | PASS the BuN | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 2:25 PM | Christopher | El Mouhayyar | chris.elmouh@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 392 | 115 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | NEW FACT | goljan/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12955463 | Presence of complement component C4d in the inflammatory tissue indicates that there is a humoral component in the rejection. | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Reject, unfortunately. C4d is interesting and very relevant in acute antibody-mediated rejection in the context of kidneys, but it's not looking to be very sensitive nor specific in tissues in general, so C4d is most likely much too specific to include for step 1 -Connie Q https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747475 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-acute-renal-allograft-rejection?source=search_result&search=c4d%20rejection&selectedTitle=2~150 | | | | 08/30/17 11:17 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 393 | 116 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | Faculty_MaryBeth Babos | The FA material is also imprecise: FK506 is NOT the same as FKBP; it's important to note that cyclosporin also causes insulin resistance. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The users mentioned two points here. I will reply to each separately. 1. I believe the user has mis-read the text. The text does not say FK506 is FKBP. It says that FK506 is a calcineurin inhibitor that binds FKBP. I do not recommend changes here. 2. Insulin resistance is not mentioned as a side-effect of cyclosporin on UTD, DMP, or drugs.com. I do not recommend making changes here. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacology-of-cyclosporine-and-tacrolimus?source=search_result&search=cyclosporin&selectedTitle=5~148 http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T907551/Cyclosporine#IV-Compatibility https://www.drugs.com/sfx/cyclosporine-side-effects.html -HB ---------- Reject both. Agree with HB's reasoning. -Connie Q | Reject. Recommend no changes. -Scott M | Thanks Humood for detailed investigation. Agree with authors to not change anything. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/05/17 2:09 PM | Linda | Davoli | staff | | | |||||||||||
| 394 | 116 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | not needed | To remember the associations characterized of Mycophenolate Mofetil: inhibits iMp dehydrogenase; invasive cMv infection (highlight the M's common to all of these words. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic and looks like an easy fix. Let's add it to the chapter and have the team evaluate it. | Simple and potentially helpful. Agree to consider. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/05/17 8:23 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 395 | 116 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Drug names | N/A | For Basiliximab, if you can highlight the letter IL (BasILiximab) --> to indicated that its IL-2R monoclonal Antibody | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We already had this mnemonic suggestion in Wave 1 of the Crowdsourcing period. The team rejected it. The reason was that highlighting the "IL" part of "IL-12" is not really helpful. The mnemonic would be considered helpful if it took into account the type of IL the drug is acting on (IL-2-R). | Reject, because this is very nonspecific; a lot of these monoclonal antibodies have "IL" in them (and inhibit other interleukins!), making this tough to remember just for this agent. I would not add a mnemonic like this. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/23/17 12:04 PM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 396 | 116 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT | Mnemonic | Basiliximab could be written and pronounced "BI-siliximab". "Bi-" as in "2" for the IL-2R | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic, although personally I am not in favor of changing the "Ba" to "Bi". Let's add it to the chapter and see what other team authors think of this. | Similarly, I think this is not specific enough. "IL" and "I" are common letters in these drugs, and interleukins common targets, so it will be difficult to always remember this specific agent. I would reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/14/17 9:25 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||
| 397 | 116 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacology-of-cyclosporine-and-tacrolimus?source=search_result&search=cyclosporine&selectedTitle=5~148#H18 | Cyclosporine is metabolised by CYP3A4 and it also inhibits it. This has a lot of high yield associations with drug drug interactions and the use of diltiazem to treat cyclosporine related hypertension | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Might be worth considering adding next year -Connie Q | | | | 08/31/17 8:16 PM | Tushar | Garg | gargtushark@outlook.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 398 | 116 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bordetella pertussis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pertussis-infection-epidemiology-microbiology-and-pathogenesis?source=search_result&search=Bordetella%20pertussis&selectedTitle=6~150 | In the third column of table "Bugs with exotoxins" the entry for Bordetella Pertussis reads "(Toxin may not actually be the cause of cough;...)". The pertussis toxin is NOT the cause of cough. The cough is most likely caused by tracheal toxin killing ciliated epithelium possibly with help from other toxins such as dermonecrotic toxin, and adenylate cyclase . Tracheal toxin is mentioned in the entry on page 127, but it's effect is not described. Please see page 20, paragraph 4 of the attached review for reference - this is the same paper cited by the uptodate article. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/21/17 9:46 AM | David | Hess-Homeier | dhesshomeier@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 399 | 116 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bugs with exotoxins | page 116 of First Aid book 2017 | inhibit protein synthesis [Protein = CASH] "protein synthesis inhibitors = C "Corynebacterium" A "p. Aeruginosa" S "Shigella spp" H "Hemorrhagic E coli" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 7:42 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 400 | 116 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bugs with exotoxins | page 116 of First Aid book 2017 | inhibit 'P'hagocytic ability [make the letter P in red] because "B. Pertussis" also starts with the letter P | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 7:45 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 401 | 116 | Microbiology | | | Virology | DNA viruses | page 148 of First Aid book 2017 | [Adenovirus can PEAL you] = P "pharyngitis" E "eyes" A "acute hemorrhagic cystitis" L "lungs" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 7:55 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 402 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | N/A | For Filgrastim: highlight "stim" of filgrastim in the left column and of "stimulation" in the right column. For Sargramostim, "stim" is already highlighted on the left; just highlight "stim" of stimulation on the right. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | More of a mnemonic text issue but yeah we should be consistent. Agree to implement per original submission. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/14/17 9:26 AM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 403 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | See FA2017 | Diagram on 117 shows Daclizumab blocking IL-2R. Text on 116 only ever mentions Basiliximab as IL-2 blocker | Clarification to current text | Verified | We mention Daclizumab on p118 as a CD25 inhibitor (CD25 is part of the IL-2 receptor). So the diagram doesn't have any errata (retagged submission type to clarification). Daclizumab is specifically used for MS, which is why we moved the written fact from the immunosuppression/transplant prophy list on p116 to the other indications list on p118. I'm not sure why we changed the figure though (just checked archives/resolved comments from last year), as it seems ok to have both basiliximab & daclizumab for mechanistic illustration purposes (different clinical indications, same general cellular target). I'd be ok modifying this spot of the figure back to how we had it in FA2016, pending faculty approval. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Gerald Lee | Sure you can include both, but I am really surprised that the USMLE Step 1 exam want medical students to regurgitate all these biologics. There are so many biologics continuously being approved I think eventually we have to be careful about keeping the book high yield. | Accept | | Revise figure on p117 from a bubble in the top right with "Daclizumab" to a bubble with "Daclizumab, Basiliximab" -AZ | | 5 | | 02/27/17 3:43 PM | Jason L. | Wang | jwang325@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 404 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | myself | Eltrombopag's mechanism is in its name. EL THROMBOpoetin receptor AGonist. The "ag" in agonist can be used to distinguish it from Romiplostim which is an analog | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. It looks like an easy fix, we could red&bold those letters instead of capitalizing them. Let's add it to the chapter for the team to review. | Clever and simple, agree to migrate this over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/01/17 7:10 PM | Timothy | Nguyen | tnguye28@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 405 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | not needed | To remember its use in thrombocytopenia, pronounce eltrombopag as elTHROMBOpag. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. There is a mnemonic in the row above that addresses this drug way better. It includes the "thrombo" part, as well as "ag" part of the word. | Reject, mainly because it's a duplicate of a prior submission. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/05/17 8:37 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 406 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | First Aid 2017 | Bold and red "grastim" in Filgrastim and "stim" in stimulation so that the mnemonic correlates ("gra"nulocyte "stim"ulation; " " = bold and red). Also for Sar"gramostim" should correlate with "gra"nulocyte and "mo"nocyte "stim"ulation. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Already on annotate. - HB | Great. -Scott M | Yes, Humood actually suggested this in last round of crowdproofing last year! (it was deferred). I guess it's not a "duplicate" submission for this year (January 1 onward) so we can mark this as accepted for compensation purposes, but no migrating needed. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/05/17 10:55 AM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 407 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | formatting issue | On the diagram showing immunosuppressant targets you have included Daclizumab as an IL-2R receptor inhibitor, which seems like it should have been Basiliximab as the rest of the drugs in that diagram are under the immunosuppressant category on page 118 and not the Therapeutic antibodies category as is Daclizumab. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Duplicate. Andy has already responded to a similar comment. See above. -HB | Great. -Scott M | Already addressed in first round of errata submissions. No additional actions needed on this one. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/07/17 5:11 PM | Paige | De Rosa | paige.derosa@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 408 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | none | Aldesleukin can be remembered as al-"dos"-leukin (dos means 2 in Spanish, IL-2) | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline. I am not in favor of using non-english language for mnemonics. However, "dos" is pretty common even in those who do not speak spanish, in my opinion. | Language aside, it's also just not very helpful, since it lacks specificity. I would not consider this mnemonic. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 6:27 PM | Emily | Jones | jones.emilyk@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 409 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | FA 2017 | Oprelvekin (IL-11) can be pronounced "oprELEVENkin" to remember IL-11 | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/29/17 4:47 PM | Fernando D | Arias | fernando.arias.jr@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 410 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy1.lib.tju.edu/contents/aldesleukin-drug-information?source=search_result&search=aldesleukin&selectedTitle=1~150 | In the row for Aldesleukin, FA mentions that the agent is used for both renal cell carcinoma, and metastatic melanoma. The current literature states that this immunotherapy is actually for metastatic RCC (which I believe is sort of made clear on FA pg 566). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, interesting, but UTD info for Aldesleukin for adults only has renal cell and melanoma listed as on-label dosing. -Connie Q https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aldesleukin-drug-information?source=search_result&search=aldesleukin&selectedTitle=1~150 | | | | 06/06/17 4:30 PM | Kathryn Merrill | Linder | kml016@jefferson.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 411 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppression targets | https://phys.org/news/2014-09-dna-right-handed-helix.html | The DNA displayed in the figure is left-handed, when DNA in humans is right-handed, in physiological conditions. | Minor erratum | Verified | Ha this is correct, such a minor detail but I suppose worth changing. -Connie Q | Correct but change not necessary. See Annotate discussion. | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 06/22/17 1:58 PM | Congzhou | Sha | sha.mike2@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 412 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppression targets | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/103749s5059lbl.pdf, https://www-uptodate-com/contents/daclizumab-drug-information | Daclizumab is no longer widely used as a immunosuppressant, and is considered a third-line agent for multiple sclerosis. | Minor erratum | Verified | True, UTD says that "the clinical utility of daclizumab is likely to be limited by the risk of serious adverse events, making it a second- or third-line agent for patients who have had an inadequate response to two or more disease-modifying agents for RRMS" and "Because of safety risks, which include hepatotoxicity and serious infection, daclizumab will be available in the United States only through a restricted distribution program." Adding to annotate to see what others think? -Connie Q | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 07/09/17 2:05 AM | Catherine | Xie | catherine.xie.93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 413 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/basiliximab-drug-information?source=preview&search=basiliximab&anchor=F139065#F139065 | Add basiliximab to the diagram as IL-2R blocker (with daclizumab). Add it as a separate arrow to show that it blocks another component of the receptor, and write "alpha chain" in the same font as cyclophilin, FKBP, and the other molecules blocked by the specific immunosuppressants (basiliximab is an "immunosuppressant monoclonal antibody which blocks the alpha-chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor complex" - from UpToDate). Add in the same font CD25 to Daclizumab. This will make it easier to remember the specific components of the IL-2R blocked by both daclizumab and basiliximab and that they both act on IL-2R. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Already added -Connie Q | | | | 07/09/17 2:37 AM | Lama | Assi | lamahassi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 414 | 117 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.01013.x/asset/j.1432-2277.2009.01013.x.pdf;jsessionid=0BEE6F51581629C02646524B4C743594.f04t03?v=1&t=j59zklev&s=c97b92ee47fe6e5adee92211fcfdc92caf8e8595 | On p. 117, the picture states Daclizumab is an IL-2R inhibitor on the top right. Basiliximab is also an IL-2R inhibitor. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Change already made -Connie Q | | | | 07/18/17 3:43 PM | Mark | Unciano | unciano2@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 415 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT or TOPIC | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/praxbind-idarucizumab-1000042 | AGENT: Idarucizumab; TARGET: dagibatran; CLINICAL USE: reversal of direct thrombin inhibitor dagibatran | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Idarucizumab is already mentioned in the HemOnc chapter. However, just like Omalizumab, Denosumab, Palivizumab (and others), it is reasonable to add Idarucizumab to the list (if deemed HY). -HB ---------- Reject. Already mentioned in HemOnc, not HY enough to mention again. -Connie Q | I feel that they only need to be presented once. The book can't be infinitely large. -Scott M | I'd say if already in heme/onc that's probably sufficient. I believe dabigatran reversal is a relatively new addition to the book (this will be my first year working on heme/onc, so I'm not 100% familiar with what changed last year), so as such it's probably not HY enough to have two facts on it. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/24/16 4:21 PM | Guarina | Molina Vargas | guarinamolinav@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 416 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | uworld id7721 | Erlotinib and Gefitinib are EGFR inhibitors and not Tyrosine kinase inhibitors...they can be added to know that these are an exception/they are also high yield..they are used in non small cell lung cancer | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This list in page 118 is for monoclonal antibodies, not small molecule inhibitors or TKIs (-tinib). These belong to the HemOnc chapter. Erlotinib is already mentioned there. Plus, the user is incorrect. Per UTD and drugs.com, Both of these drugs are TK-inhibitors. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gefitinib-drug-information?source=preview&search=gefitinib&anchor=F175616#F175616 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/erlotinib-drug-information?source=preview&search=erlotinib&anchor=F166433#F166433 https://www.drugs.com/ppa/erlotinib.html https://www.drugs.com/ppa/gefitinib.html -HB ---------- Reject. While the user is incorrect, just to clarify, HB, these drugs are TK-inhibitors which act on EGFR...so technically they do target EGFR. -Connie Q | Reject. Per the reasons explained previously. -Scott M | Growth factor receptors (including EGFR) are RTKs. We even say in the heme/onc chapter's dedicated fact for erlotinib that it is an "EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor." So I think the user submitting this might have been confused on the terminology "bins" presented in med school. Humood & Connie both correctly pointed this out. As far as whether these two drugs should be added to this table in the same row as Cetuximab (or a row below), I have no strong preference. I'd lean toward not overcrowding the table, but as the book doesn't even mention gefitinib currently anywhere, I'm not sure if this is HY enough to include or should be added to the already long list of drugs to know. Nothing of this sort is mentioned in Pathoma... Reject? -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 4:10 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 417 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | not needed | Bevacizumab is listed twice under the "Therapeutic Antibodies" section. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I noticed that as well. I believe this is because the top part of the table is only for "cancer" indications, thus we cannot add wet-AMD there. What do others think about it? How about saying "(off-label)" for bevacizumab in the wet-AMD section? https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bevacizumab-drug-information?source=preview&search=bevacizumab&anchor=F140984#F140984 ---------- Reject. I think this is fine as is. The top part is cancer indications, and the bottom half is other applications, and bevacizumab is placed accordingly in both sections. I don't think we need to add "off-label" to bevacizumab in the bottom section. There is no need to know whether something is off-label for Step 1. A lot of the other drugs tested in Step 1 are off-label but included in clinical guidelines, so they are fair game for testing. No need to specify it's off label. -Connie Q | I like the idea of adding "off label" underneath bevacizumab at the bottom of the page. -Scott M | I think only pharmaceutical companies would really want this book to highlight "off-label" uses of drugs so that we're more likely to remember to prescribe them in our future careers :-) Besides, Avastin injections are a mainstay of wet AMD management, and certainly an association for Step 1 that we don't want to distract with "off-label" text, which would be superfluous/confusing to students in my opinion. To the point about having two different rows for bev in the same table, I don't mind it personally because one is highlighting cancer indications and the other non-cancer/other indications. In summary, would not recommend any changes here. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/05/17 8:42 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 418 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-medication | For refractory temporal arteritis management tocilizumab (anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody) rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody), abatacept (recombinant fusion protein that modulates CD28-mediated T cell co-stimulation) can be used. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | While yes the user is correct, I am not sure if this is HY for the step 1 exam. There are lots of monoclonal antibodies out there and each has lots of indications (labelled and off-label). We cannot mention all of them. If deemed not HY, then I'd vote to reject the user's suggestion. -HB ---------- Reject. Low yield. -Connie Q | Reject. Low-yield. Any question like this on the boards is looking for steroids as the answer. They're probably not going to throw a refractory temporal arteritis patient at a second year medical student. -Scott M | Agree with everyone to not add. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 9:11 AM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 419 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF_inhibitor | To memorize TNF-a drugs: ADA, FeLIX, and EThAN are CERTified GOaLies | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline Reject. Honestly, I do not find this appealing. | Yeah, this is not very good. Reject! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/16/17 9:24 PM | M. Yaasen | Bhutta | ybhutta@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 420 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/complement-mediated-hemolytic-uremic-syndrome?source=search_result&search=hus&selectedTitle=2~150#H181861875 | In Eculizumab: Clinical use column, Along with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, "Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome" must be added as it has been the first line of therapy now for complement mediated HUS. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, it's first line for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, that might not be HY enough for step 1 -Connie Q | | | | 05/11/17 12:00 PM | Trilok | Shrivastava | trilokshrivastava@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 421 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT | Mnemonic | Daclizumab can be written as "DI-clizumab". "Di-" as in "2" for IL-2R. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic, although changing "Da" to "Di" might be a bit confusing. Let's add it to the chapter and see what other authors think. | Similar to prior feedback, the "IL" aspect is not helpful because a lot of these drugs have it without necessarily inhibiting an interleukin, and some that do inhibit interleukins don't have it. Thus, better not to go down this rabbit hole. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/14/17 9:27 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||
| 422 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | n/a | For Eculizumab monoclonal antibody against C5. E is the 5th letter of alphabet. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reasonable mnemonic. | May be effective, thus, I am OK with migrating over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/20/17 2:22 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 423 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | none | Ranibizumab is used for wet ARMD - It gets WET when it's RANI ("rainy") | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/01/17 9:19 PM | David | Shieh | david.shieh@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 424 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anti-ige-therapy?source=search_result&search=omalizumab&selectedTitle=5~68#H7765588 | For Omalizumab, pronounce "omal-E-zumab" to remember that it is a therapeutic antibody directed against IgE. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/06/17 5:33 PM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 425 | 118 | Immunology | | | Immunosuppressants | Rituximab | N/a | Mnemonic to remember the clinical uses: RITuximaB (highlighting the capital letters to correspond as follows: R=Rheumatoid arthritis, IT=ITP, B=B cell non-hodkins lymphoma). CLL does not fit within the mnemonic and can just be added to the end of the list. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/17/17 11:01 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jschutzman@temple.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 426 | 120 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial structures | http://www.microbiologytext.com/5th_ed/book/displayarticle/aid/60 | The item "Cell wall" on the "Cell envelope" subsection should be just "Peptidoglycan" because the cell wall of gram -ve contain outer membrane and periplasm, which is illustrated on the next image on the "Cell walls" section on page 120. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject? The section just describes peptidoglycan, but maybe I'm misunderstanding this suggestion? -Connie Q | I understand, they are saying that we should change the heading to peptidoglycan for that row since the cell wall label in the middle of the illustration also includes the outer membrane layer. Either the table is wrong or the illustration is wrong. I think this is worth migrating to Annotate. -IW | This image has been fixed in 2018 if we want to use it as an errata image. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 05/03/17 11:26 PM | Fong-Wan | Chau Zhou | fongwanchauzhou@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 427 | 120 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial structures | http://www.microbiologytext.com/5th_ed/book/displayarticle/aid/60 | Under the subsection "Cell envelope", replace the title "Cell wall" for "Peptidoglycan". The reason is because the section describes only peptidoglycan while cell wall is not just peptidoglycan, it also contain outer membrane and periplasm (for gram -ve). | Minor erratum | Duplicate | DUPLICATE | DUPLICATE | | | | 08/04/17 1:32 AM | Fong-Wan | Chau Zhou | fongwanchauzhou@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 428 | 121 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial taxonomy | Not needed | In the bacterial taxonomy list on pg 121, various bacteria (Bordetella, Brucella, Francisella, Pasteurella, Haemophillus) are listed as rods/bacillus that in the Gram negative flow on pg 137 are listed as coccobacilli. It might be worth having a separate "coccobacilli" row in the bacterial taxonomy on pg 121 instead of just cocci and bacilli. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, makes this table too complicated and long, if necessary we can just add parenthesis (coccobacillus). -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 8:17 PM | Laurel | Mast | mastl@ohsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 429 | 121 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial taxonomy | No reference | Aggrupation by suffix, bold every suffix gram + (If their suffix are coccus, illus and bacterium excepted Fusobacterium which is gram -) gram - (If their suffix are ella or bacter, Gadnerella is variable) add Coxiella on gram- list Consider make a new organization by suffix, example Gram+ Staphylococcus Streptococcus Enterococcus Bacillus Lactobacillus Corynebacterium Mycobacterium Propionebacterium Add the remain Gram- Campylobacter Helycobacter Enterobacter klebsiella Salmonella Shiguella Bordetella Legionella Bartonella Brucella Francisella Pasteurella etc | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm really not sure what is being explained here. Nor do I think this qualifies as a mnemonic. -Rachel K. | Too confusing, agree with Rachel to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 3:48 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 430 | 121 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Cell walls | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pneumonia-caused-by-chlamydia-species-in-children - "chlamydia do not contain peptidoglycan in the cell" -- although they DO indeed have a cell wall; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC276560/ -- details Rickettsiae cell wall; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882064/ -- briefly discusses cell wall structure of Anaplasma + Ehrlichia | In 2017 FA on page 109, it lists Chlamydia, Rickettsiae, Anaplasma and Ehrlichiae under Pleomorphic organisms which is true, but the parenthetical statement "NO CELL WALL" seems to indicate that those aforementioned organisms do not indeed have a cell wall. However, all those listed organisms do indeed have a cell wall (the only one without is Mycoplasma), even if the cell wall may be of a non-traditional composition that makes those particular organisms avoid the traditional immune and drug responses that would affect an organism with a traditional cell wall. I have provided some references below which talk about the cell wall compositions of those organisms. To avoid confusion and misdirection in readers of First Aid, perhaps it would be better to list Mycoplasma in its own separate bacterial taxonomy category as "No cell wall" (just as it was in the 2016 edition) and keep the aforementioned organisms I've listed in the "Pleomorphic" category. A brief addition stating the cell walls of these organisms are unorthodox may also be beneficial. This is just for clarification and to avoid confusion in students. I have seen several practice USMLE questions that require knowledge of organisms with and without cell walls and if a student happens to see one of those organisms along with "Mycoplasma", they might be inclined to pick the wrong answer based on the grouping in the current edition of First Aid. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. With the way it is right now in FA2017, it is incorrect. "Pleomorphic (no cell wall)" almost implies that pleomorphism means the microbe doesn't have a cell wall, which is incorrect, and the pleomorphic microbes listed do have cell walls, but mycoplasma is also in this category, which does not have a cell wall. This is important to distinguish because certain staining methods are specific to the presence of a cell wall, and certain antibiotics will not work in the absence of a cell wall. Propose to remove "(no cell wall)" from the "Pleomorphic" category title, and remove Mycoplasma from under this category. Also propose to add another morphology category specifying "No cell wall" (as in FA2016, page 109), listing Mycoplasma and Ureaplamsa as examples. Sources provided by user are fine, additional source on mycoplasma: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection-in-adults?source=search_result&search=mycoplasma&selectedTitle=1~150 -Connie Q | Accept. Agree with Connie and student feedback. - IWu | This was how it was in 2016. I agree to remove this confusion we should remove the (no cell wall) and just have a new line for no cell wall with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma again. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 02/09/17 1:15 PM | Vivek | Vallurupalil | vivekvall20@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 431 | 121 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Zoonotic bacteria | N/A | Zoonotic Rods: "Pasteur took a Boat to the French Zoo". Pasteur= Pasteurella; Boat= Bartonella; French= Francisella, Brucella; Zoo= Zoonotic rods. Notes: - Think BARCOnella, as Barco, which means boat in Spanish, or just use the letters in the word "boat" to recall - Think France and Brussels (next to France and language is French) | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this but there are no mnemonics on this page. I feel like this is a reference page where you can see everything on the same page and I'm not sure a mnemonic would be appropriate here. -Rachel K. | Take a boat to a zoo, what? And BARCOnella is too much of a stretch for my liking. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/16/17 11:59 AM | Lorianne | Reyes | loriannereyesmd@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 432 | 121 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial taxonomy | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236891-overview?pa=Rk584gfouILJBoKsgDbIfy4MCQZ8H7zx6fZ80L6ghxl0n8M5inujCHiIeuqgdk5TVrJxKJt4DRD8mxYr6kYfOw%3D%3D | Acinetobacter baumanni is not listed under Gram (-) bacteria examples, even though the index (page 711) indicates that it is on this page | Minor erratum | Verified | True, added to annotate to see whether we want to add it to the examples or delete from index. -Connie Q | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 3 of Rod (bacillus), add a bullet under Respiratory: Acinetobacter baumannii | | 10 | | 07/11/17 2:05 PM | Shayan | Rakhit | rakhitshayan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 433 | 122 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Stains | None | Use India ink to write a cryptic message. Cryptic = Cryptococcus neoformans | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add "Use India ink to write a cryptic message." in the 3rd column. Make "crypt" in bold red letters in "Cryptococcus" in 2nd column and cryptic in the mnemonic. -Rachel K. | Not bad, I'll give this one a chance too as per Rachel. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/16/17 12:47 PM | Ashley | Ermann | aermann92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 434 | 122 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | Not needed | Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningitidis are cultivated in a selective medium Thayer-Martin agar which inhibits other bacterias growth. A mnemonic such as " They (Th stands for Thayer) May (Ma stands for Martin) Not (N stands for Neisseria genus)" would make it easier for students to remember name of the selective media as it does not let "they may not" other bacteria other than neisseria to grow in it. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I like the current mnemonic "Very Typically Cultures Neisseria" and I feel adding a mnemonic for the media name would detract from this one. -Rachel K. | Current one better, I agree. Reject! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/05/17 4:28 PM | Fazilhan | Altintas | fazilhanaltintas@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 435 | 122 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Stains | Le, Tao, Vikas Bhushan, Matthew Sochat, Kimberly Kallianos, Yash Chavda, Andrew H. Zureick, and Mehboob Kalani. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2017: A Student-to-student Guide. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Education, 2017. 122. Print. | The following mnemonic is for bacteria with a postive Giemsa stain (Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium, Borrelia). "RICK got CHLAMYDIA as he TRIED to PLEASE the BORED GIESHA" (giemsa) | Mnemonic | Verified | I like what's already there but this seems like it fits under the story-type mnemonics we are looking for. I'm ok to accept. Any other opinions? -Rachel K. | Have to admit I kind of like it, it's just seedy enough to be highly memorable. Let's migrate it over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 9:22 PM | Dwani | Patel | patel.dwani@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 436 | 123 | Biochemistry | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27019000 | Niemann-Pick Menmonic - No man picks his ‘nose’ with his sphinger — NOSE? there is no nose in this desease but we have “Hepatosplenomegaly” so better like this No man picks his LIVER with his sphinger :) | Mnemonic | Verified | But no one picks a liver! Picking a nose is way better. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/06/17 9:20 PM | Jesus Manuel Augusto | Aguirre Thomas | chux_music@live.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 437 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Anaerobes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094581/, Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple, | Actinomyces are listed as obligate anaerobes, while most species are facultative anaerobes. "Most Actinomyces spp. are facultative anaerobes, but some relevant species (such as A. meyeri), are strictly anaerobic, so cultures must be incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere." | Clarification to current text | Verified | Change "Examples include Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces." to: "Examples include Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces israelli." Since this is the most relevant. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *MICRO Warren Levinson | That's fine. My source says A israelii is anaerobic and some other Actinomyces species are facultative so changing it is more accurate. | | Change "Examples include Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces." to: "Examples include Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces israelii." | | 5 | | 01/20/17 10:21 AM | Jordan | Parker | jep9t9@health.missouri.edu | | | |||||||||
| 438 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Anaerobes | http://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/enterobacteriaceae | Facultative anaerobes are listed as Streptococci, staphylococci, and enteric gram positive bacteria. The text should read enteric gram negative bacteria, as there are no relevant gram positive enterics. | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree! - Sarah S | Agree, this should state "gram (-) bacteria." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *MICRO Warren Levinson | Yes, should be Gram negative | Accept | | Change "Streptococci, staphylococci, and enteric gram ⊕ bacteria." to "Streptococci, staphylococci, and enteric gram ⊖ bacteria." | | 10 | | 01/20/17 10:31 AM | Jordan | Parker | jep9t9@health.missouri.edu | | | |||||||
| 439 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | Not needed | M. Pneumonia is isolated in Eaton agar which includes cholesterol. So a mnemonic such as "M pneumonia eats(Eaton agar) meat(cholesterol)" would help students to remember the contents of eaton agar. | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not 100% sold on this one. Any thoughts? -Rachel K. | I'm not either, that's a good reason to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/05/17 4:23 PM | Fazilhan | Altintas | fazilhanaltintas@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 440 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Aerobes | Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology 14e, by Warren Levinson, p.165: Pseudomonas: Important Properties | Pseudomonas AERuginosa sounds like "air" and helps you remember that it is an obligate aerobe. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Mentioned on p. 135 with Pseudomonas fact. -Rachel K. | Yes, we already use that mnemonic elsewhere. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/22/17 5:42 PM | Steve Thanh | Pham | SDPham@atsu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 441 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176400-overview;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiosulfate-citrate-bile_salts-sucrose_agar | for campylobacter species isolation Skirrow agar and for vibrio isolation tcbs (Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose ) agar is used. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY? -Connie Q | Reject. Low yield. -IW | | | | 05/08/17 7:05 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 442 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | Mnemonic | Rather than having "AminO2glycosides", where the 2 splits up the word, have "aminiOglycOsides" require "2 O's" (i.e. "O2"). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Good idea but I think it's better to see "O2" than have to try to remember there are two "O's" in the word. -Rachel K. | No, what we do is fine. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/14/17 10:12 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||
| 443 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | first aid 2017 | nagging pests must breathe:-nocardia , pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium and bacillus speciesl like anthrax | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Bacillus can be an obligate aerobe or facultative anaerobe. Let's keep it out of a mnemonic that mentions obligate aerobes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7699/ -Rachel K. | Agree with Rachel. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/15/17 10:46 AM | KULSAJAN | BHATIA | kulsajan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 444 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nontyphoidal-salmonella-microbiology-and-epidemiology https://www.uptodate.com/contents/shigella-infection-epidemiology-microbiology-and-pathogenesis | Hektoen agar differentiates Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonella appears lightish green with black centers while Shigella appears | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I remember Hektoen agar being important, and this is covered in SketchyMicro. -Connie Q | I don't think this is HY enough? -EP | | | 5 | | 05/19/17 11:47 PM | Michelle | Trieu | mtrie002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 445 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Anaerobes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerotolerant_anaerobe | Current definition of "Facultative Anaerobes" reads more like the definition of aerotolerant anaerobes. Makes no mention that they use O2 mechanisms to produce ATP when O2 is available. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. This definition has been changed now. Hopefully more satisfying. -IW | "May use O 2 as a terminal electron acceptor to generate ATP, but can also use fermentation and other O 2 -independent pathways." Changed in 2018. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/25/17 10:30 PM | Asal | Homayouni | asal.hhomayouni@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 446 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Anaerobes | Deja Review for Microbiology and Immunology | In the text, it is mentioned that Facultative anaerobes only use "fermentation and other nonoxygen dependent pathways to generate ATP but are not killed by O2". Facultative anaerobes in fact use both anaerobic and aerobic pathways to generate ATP. They contain catalase and superoxide dismutase, thus can use oxygen. If no oxygen is present, they can use fermentation as a means for energy production. What is currently described can be aerotolerant anaerobes (use anaerobic metabolism but can grown with or without oxygen). | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Already changed and improved for this edition, current version is much more clear and accurate -Connie Q | | | | 08/14/17 11:34 AM | Bachar | Halimeh | dr.halimeh@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 447 | 123 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | NA | Media used for isolation of C.diptheriae is Tellurite agar and Loffler medium- mnemonic could be ," She tells (Tellurite) corny (Corynebacterium) jokes and laughs (Loffler)." | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/24/17 6:07 AM | Dr.Grishma | Shrestha | shresthagrishma57@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 448 | 124 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Encapsulated bacteria | Self | Vaccines for Asplenic patients: No (N meningitidis) Spleen (S pneumoniae) Here (H influenzae) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. In 3rd column add: "Asplenics (No Spleen Here) need vaccines to protect against: N meningitidis S pneumoniae H influenzae" Make "N","S", and "H" in bold red text. -Rachel K. | Looks good to me, agree with Rachel that this is worth considering. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/26/17 4:13 PM | Samir | Narula | s.narula612@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 449 | 124 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Neisseria | https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/lab/nsic.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/lab/ngon.htm | Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitidis are catalase positive organism | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. His sources check out (though he linked the wrong CDC site for the first one), and my research found other articles that agree with him. Joe M | This may be true but I don't know if it would be relevant to include since catalase positivity is not really used in that part of the lab algorithm to distinguish between similar microbes. -IW | This is not high yield. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/02/17 2:44 PM | Javier | Mota | javiermota25@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 450 | 124 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Catalase-positive organisms | FirstAid 2017 edition | I have a suggestion for a better pneumonic for the Catalase-Positive Organisms (replacing Cats Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs)- One helpful one for me has been: "No Person Likes A Catalase Expressing Staphylococcus Species Because they Hurt!" The first letters standing for "Nocardia, Pseduomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Catalase, E. coli, Staphylococci, Serratia, B. cepacia, [they] H. Pylori" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Candida was left off so I rearranged the mnemonic to say "No Person Likes A Catalase Expressing Staphylococcus Species, they Hurt Crazy Bad!" "Examples: Nocardia, Pseduomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, E. coli, Staphylococci, Serratia, H. Pylori, Candida, B. cepacia." First letters of each word should be in bold red text with the exception of catalase which should be the entire word in bold red text. -Rachel K. | Looks good to me, agree with Rachel that this is worth considering. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/01/17 7:30 PM | Walter | Hodges | whodges@augusta.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 451 | 125 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Pigment-producing bacteria | self-made | Serratia marcescens - red pigment --- think red Sriracha hot sauce | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I think it would be better to have a mnemonic based off the genus name rather than the species name. I know Sketchy only mentions Serratia. Remove current mnemonic and add: "Serratia marcescens - think red Sriracha hot sauce" Make "Serratia" and "Sriracha" bold red text. -Rachel K. | Not bad, yeah, I'll give this one a shot too! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 5:21 PM | Rajbir Singh | Pannu | rajbir_96@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 452 | 125 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial virulence factors | no reference | In M protein section, Bold letter M: in M protein, molecular and mimicry | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the "M" in "M protein" bold red text. Capitalize the "M" and change to bold red text for "molecular" and "mimicry" -Rachel K. | | | | 02/07/17 3:53 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 453 | 126 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Neisseria | grammar | "waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome (adrenal insufficiency, fever, DIC, shock) syndrome." The word syndrome is repeated unnecessarily. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/21/17 12:21 PM | Ashim | Ahuja | aahuja@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 454 | 126 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial genetics | Myself | Highlight/bold the "S in "Specialized Transduction" and also the "S" in "LySogenic Phage" to remember which phage goes with which type of transduction | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the "S" in "Specialized" bold red text. Capitalize the "s" in "Lysogenic" and make the "S" bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/01/17 11:42 PM | Timothy | Nguyen | tnguye28@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 455 | 126 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial genetics | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21760/ | Cell lysis, as shown is the figure, does not occur in lysogenic phage of transduction. A lysogenic bacterium contains a prophage which is duplicated and passed on to daughter cells in division. If the cell lyses, it enters the lysis cycle. Therefore, the lysis of phages does not occur in the lysogenic cycle and should be removed. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree. Technically, the second row of the lysogenic phage figure is part of the lytic cycle. The text describes the process accurately, though. It is a minor correction that could be made by either adding a line to the figure e.g. "part of the lytic cycle" or linking the two figures similar to this image from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysogenic_cycle#/media/File:Phage2.JPG - Sarah S | Agree. The 2nd row of the lysogenic phage figure is part of the lytic cycle. This needs to be clarified because it is very confusing, by definition, lysogeny is defined by the integration of bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome, where the host bacterium lives and replicates normally. However, the prophage may excise from the host bacterium genome and initiate a lytic cycle. Propose to add after the lytic cycle figure first line, "Prophage may excise from host bacterium genome and initiate a lytic cycle." Then have the arrow pointing to the second line (lytic cycle). Source: This Nature paper explains it very well, and the figures are excellent: http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v13/n10/full/nrmicro3527.html -Connie Q | Someone will need to diagram out this change on annotate very clearly but I agree with Connie's suggestion to add text after the lytic cycle figure: "Prophage may excise from host bacterium and initiate lytic cycle." We can work out the details on Annotate. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | | 5 | | 02/16/17 6:30 PM | Allison | Forrest | allisonbforrest@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 456 | 126 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial genetics | Mnemonic | Bacteria that especially undergo transformation can be remembered with "TransformaSHiN", incorporating the already listed "SHiN" mnemonic. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change the text to say: "TransformaSHiN is a feature of many bacteria, especially S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b, and Neisseria." Leave the bold red text as it is. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/14/17 10:10 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 457 | 126 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial genetics | Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple, Other Microbiology books for Transduction | Transduction part is a mess. For starters, on generalized transduction image, lytic phage's dna is the same color with the color of DNA of second bacteria. This produces unnecessary ambiguity. Second, lysogenic phage is not only occuring during specialized transduction. Temperate phages could be in play both in generalized and specialized transduction. Last but not least, lytic cycle is not pictured correctly. This thing took me at least 2 hours to understand, all because of incorrect graphics and unreasonably short text. | Major erratum | Verified | This diagram and text is completely revitalized for 2018! I think readers will definitely like it more -Connie Q | Revised in 2018, I would not worry about this being errata as this has been fixed in 2018. If anything I would just paste the 2018 entries as errata fixes.This entire page has been heavily changed. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/23/17 7:02 AM | Ugur Berkay | Balkanci | ubalkanci@ku.edu.tr | | | ||||||||||||
| 458 | 128 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bugs with exotoxins | U world MQ# 1100 | At Bordetella pertussis add: Adenylate cyclase toxin | Clarification to current text | Verified | Could add this to the table, but should probably defer to 2019 at this point? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851156/ -IW | I think this would be an important addition, but agree with IW, probably defer to 2019 at this point -Connie Q https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851156/ | Pertussis toxin IS an adenylate cyclase toxin. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/25/17 12:04 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 459 | 128 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bugs with exotoxins | no need | to memorize bugs which inactivate elongation factor 2: just remember that the bug should have the letters PSEUDO in its name..so I suggest writing PSEUDO in bold => PSEUDOmonas Aergoginosa and PSEUDOmembrane of C.Diptheriae. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/23/17 11:44 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 460 | 128 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bugs with exotoxins | no need | to memorize bugs that have an exotoxin which work through overactivating Adenylate Cyclase so increasing cyclic AMP (+ cAMP): just write the word CAMP => the bugs are: Cholera (Vibrio Cholera) / Anthrax(Bacillus Anthracis) /Moctezuma's revenge ( a fancy name of heat labile entertotoxigenic E.coli) / Pertussis (Bordetella Pertussis) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/23/17 11:52 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 461 | 129 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bugs with exotoxins | n/a | It's a bit confusing to see "Exotoxin A" under both pseudomonas (page 128) and strep pyogenes (page 129) - especially when the strep exotoxin is referred to elsewhere as erythrogenic exotoxin (pages 126, 132). Would be clearer to just called it erythrogenic exotoxin in that table on page 129 | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree, may be clearer to change the label. Moving to annotate. -IW | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of Streptococcus pyogenes, replace “Exotoxin A” with “Erythrogenic exotoxin A.” | | 5 | | 07/01/17 8:53 PM | Elizabeth | Cai | epc56@rwjms.rutgers.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 462 | 130 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Gram-positive lab algorithm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus#Group_D_.28enterococci.29 ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus#History | Enterococcus is not a Group D Strep | Major erratum | Verified | I agree and I see the point here. Maybe change "Group D (enterococcus)" to "Enterococcus (formerly group D)." https://www-clinicalkey-com.medlib-proxy.mercer.edu/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299565000197?scrollTo=%23hl0001366 (Murray Ch. 19) Rachel K | I agree with removing Group D. Perhaps it would make it even more straightforward to remove the"Group D" entirely as a few pages later, it is referred to only "Enterococci" Erika P ---------- Agree with Erika. User is correct, propose change to just "Enterococcus." The nomenclature change isn't really that recent anymore, having "group D" might just be confusing. -Connie Q | Agree, remove Group D; change (enterococcus) to simply Enterococcus. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In the lower right of the illustration, replace “Group D (enterococcus)” with “Enterococcus.” | | 20 | | 03/20/17 4:01 PM | Niranjan | Pandey | ndprulz@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 463 | 130 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Staphylococcus epidermidis | None needed, its all covered in FA | To remember the staph Saprophyticus and staph epidermidis sensitivities I use the mnemonic "No SE SR. (Senor)" NO for novobiocin, SE is Sensitive Epidermidis and SR is Saprophyticus Resistant. I like this one better than the current one because it fits better with the OVRPS and B-BRAS mnemonics included for differentiating the steps. Also, in spanish it means I don't know sir which I thought was kind of funny and made it even easier to remember. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/14/17 12:56 PM | Timothy | Sherry | timrsherry@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 464 | 131 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Staphylococcus aureus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3375734/ | Panton Valentine Leukocidin produced by MRSA. Mechanism: Assembles in host's leukocytes acting like superantigen. Manifestation: Leukocyte destruction and necrotizing pneumonia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, low yield for Step 1. You could easily dedicate 2 pages to all the toxins produced by S. aureus. This should be covered in your micro class, not in a high yield review for Step 1. Rachel K | I agree with Rachel - I have not come across this in any practice questions/review books Erika P | Reject, low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 9:37 AM | Guarina | Molina | guarinamolinamd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 465 | 132 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228936-overview | GAS (Group A Streptococcus; Glomerulonephritis, Abscess, Scarlet fever) LAMP (Lesions, Antibodies Anti-DNase B, M-protein, Pharyngitis) POST (Penicillin, O anti-streptolysin, Shock, Toxigenic) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Very creative but it tries to tie too many different aspects of GAS infection together which is a bit confusing. -Rachel K | | | | 02/24/17 10:39 PM | Pavel | Burskii | pavelburskii@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 466 | 132 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | Mnemonic | To differentiate Strep pyogenes from Staph, think "strips of strep" because S pyogenes grows in chains. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add "("strips of strep")" after "Gram + cocci in chains." -Rachel K. | | | | 05/14/17 10:18 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 467 | 132 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2005800-overview#showall | Remain MUTE (Streptococcus MUTans) when you have dental caries! Don't show them up! | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Proposed change: "People with dental caries hide them and remain MUTe" -Rachel K. | | | | 05/17/17 4:14 PM | Yousef | Smairat | y_alsmairat@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 468 | 132 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | Uworld id 855267 | it says in first aid 2017 that Hyaluronic acid capsule is what inhibits the phagocytosis of S.pyogenes but it is the M protein that inhibits phagocytosis | Minor erratum | Verified | Not sure, can't check UW but this source is in agreement with FA2017: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/ Other sources state both contribute. -Connie Q | we do say that M protein helps prevent phagocytosis on page 127 ("Bacterial virulence factors" fact) so I'm not sure why we would say just hyaluronic acid capsule in the S pyogenes fact -- but is it worth changing? [moving to annotate] -IW | "Hyaluronic acid capsule and M protein inhibit phagocytosis." Changed in 2018. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2, replace “Hyaluronic acid capsule inhibits phagocytosis” with “Hyaluronic acid capsule and M protein inhibit phagocytosis.” | | 10 | | 07/07/17 6:54 PM | Jacqueline | Bekhit | jacquelinebekhit@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 469 | 133 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus anthracis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212127-overview | Following facts can be added on pulmonary anthrax "Anthrax caused by inhalation is usually fatal" "Bioterrorism must be suspected in any case of inhalational anthrax.""Widened mediastinum on CXR" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. "Inhalation of spores (suspect bioterrorism) -> flu-like symptoms that rapidly progress to fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and shock. Often fatal unless recognized and treated early. Widened mediastinum on chest x-ray. Also known as woolsorter's disease." It appears the comment of widened mediastinum has come up before. This is most likely a reference to Sketchy where this fact is mentioned. Murray Ch. 20 (https://www-clinicalkey-com.medlib-proxy.mercer.edu/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323299565000203?scrollTo=%23hl0000481) Rachel K | Enlarged mediastinum due to phagocytosed spores by pulmonary macrophages taken into mediastinum Erika P ---------- Agree with adding "widened mediastium on XCR," this is pretty HY. Agree with Rachel's proposed change, but I don't think it's necessary to add "suspect bioterrorism." Anthrax poisoning is not specific to bioterrorism, but is already a common association made by most people, so adding it may be superfluous and a waste of space. -Connie Q | Under pulmonary anthrax, please add "May see widened mediastinum on CXR." before "Also known as woolsorters..." Reject all else. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/27/16 6:56 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 470 | 133 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus anthracis | http://www.uptodate.com.medproxy.hofstra.edu/contents/microbiology-pathogenesis-and-epidemiology-of-anthrax?source=search_result&search=anthrax+exotoxin&selectedTitle=2~129 | Anthrax Exotoxin components. Wool "PELT" - Protective antigen, Edema factor, Lethal Factor, T. (Because Bacillus anthracis is commonly presented as someone with exposure to wool.) | Mnemonic | Verified | This is a nice mnemonic but the components that come together to form the anthrax toxins are not discussed. Reject. -Rachel K. | | | | 04/30/17 4:14 PM | Kelli | Watson | kwatson92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 471 | 133 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus anthracis | Wikipedia to start | Only bacterium with protein capsule--not polysaccharide | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. FA2017 says polypeptide, which is protein. Polypeptide is not equivalent to polysaccharide. -Connie Q | Agree with author, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/25/17 12:46 PM | Jason | Christopher | Jasonmchristopher@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 472 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus cereus | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/747838_3 | "Caused by cereulide, a preformed toxin." can be better written as "Caused by cereulide, a preformed heat stable toxin." | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree with rejection - heat stability isn't vital to include here Erika P | Reject, overcomplicates entry and besides there are two toxins involved. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 7:04 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 473 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | My right hemisphere | Here is a nice mnemonic to remember that the babies' type botulism is caused by spores. Babies eat Honey Smores(spores) | Mnemonic | Verified | I see where this is trying to go but we really shouldn't confuse the fact that you don't want a baby eating honey. What about "Don't spoil your baby with honey"? We could link "spo" in spoil and spore. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/08/17 1:16 PM | Abdallah | Malas | abdallahmalas@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 474 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25486992 | Bezlotoxumab may be added to the treatment of C.difficile, it is a new monoclonal antitoxin antibody used in conjunction with antibiotics to decrease the rate of recurrence of C.difficile | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Too low yield for current edition. Bezlotoxumab was FDA approved to reduce the recurrence of C. diff infection in October 2016. Maybe in a few years this will be worth adding. Rachel K | Agree, too low yield for an already fairly text-heavy page Erika P | Low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/27/17 7:39 PM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 475 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | none needed | GABA and Glycine Grin | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept with some modification. Add in column 3: "GABA and glycine grin from a gross wound." Make "g" bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/05/17 6:44 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 476 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22156854 | In FA 2017, C. Difficile, treatment for recurrent cases mention Fidaxomicin, but there is no mention of the mechanism of the drug. Fidaxomincin is a macrocyclic antibiotic that inhibits the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase, leading to protein synthesis impairment and cell death. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Underneath the current text add: "Fidaxomicin - binds sigma subunit of RNA polymerase -> inhibits protein synthesis; works locally in GI tract" https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08874 Rachel K | I don't think this is high yield enough to warrant an explanation of its MOA here. Erika P | I agree with Erika, Fidaxomicin is fairly low yield and pretty much the only thing to know about it is that it is used to treat C. diff. Can make a comment in Annotate to ask crowd sourcing if necessary but at this juncture it is low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/15/17 12:37 PM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 477 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus cereus | N/A | Rice is a CEREal. To remember that B. CEREus comes from reheated rice and spores survive cooking rice. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is a stretch. -Rachel K. | | | | 04/03/17 11:56 AM | LORIANNE | REYES | loriannereyesmd@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 478 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | https://express.usmle-rx.com/play/176007 | According to USMLE Rx, and Sketchy Micro, Toxin A is associated with watery diarrhea and Toxin B is associated with pseudomembrane colitis formation. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree with this clarification, however, I don't know if it is important to delineate this as the current text explains the function of each exotoxin. Erika P | Reject. User is correct, but I agree with Erika...current text explains function of each exotoxin, no need to take up more space and elaborate. -Connie Q | Agree with both authors. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/10/17 4:49 PM | Bernadette | Baker | bernadette.baker@ttuhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 479 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | WHO Botulism at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs270/en/ | pg. 134, Botulism toxin is considered a heat resistant toxin as opposed to a 'heat-labile toxin' | Minor erratum | Verified | No, source provided (and others) say that botulinum SPORES are heat resistant, but the toxin is heat labile and can be destroyed at high temps. FA2017 is correct as is. -Connie Q | Agree with author. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/05/17 1:23 AM | Wesley | Tang | goblinboblin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 480 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229594-medication#showall | treat tetanus with antibiotics (penicillin or metronidazole) along with antitoxin/vaccine booster, diazepam and wound debridement. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. Basically the suggestion is just to add antibiotics to the list of treatments. According to the source provided, this might be worth adding. [moving to annotate] -IW | Clarification already in 2018: "Treat with antitoxin +/− vaccine booster, antibiotics, diazepam (for muscle spasms), and wound debridement." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 6:31 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 481 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus cereus | N/a | I always had a hard time remembering that Bacillus cereus caused reheated rice, so I thought that calling it "Bacillus cereal" instead of bacillus cereus would remind people that it is caused by GRAINS like rice and pasta. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept with some modification. Replace column 3 with: "Think B cereal of Rice Krispies. B cereus causes reheated rice syndrome." Make "cere" and "rice" bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/09/17 12:40 AM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 482 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | N/A | Since C Tetanu and C Botulinum have similar exotoxins, the following mnemonic can be used to keep them straight: For C tetani: TIGGR (Like tigger or tiger) Tetani=Inhibitory GABA/Gly Renshaw Cells and C botulinum: BAcH = Botulinum Acetylcholine (Ach) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See submission below. | | | | 05/09/17 12:50 AM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 483 | 134 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia (with exotoxins) | N/A | Apologies - Update for my last suggestion for Clostridia exotoxin mnemonic to remember how they work: TIGGR likes the BEAcH: Tetan inhibitory GABA/Gly Renshaw Cells and Botulinum Excitatory AcH. The previous suggestion didn't include the "excitatory" aspect of AcH. I feel like this is much more memorable. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Suggest "Clostridia the TIGeR likes the BEACh." Maybe list the whole mnemonic at the top and the separate parts in the respective section. TIGeR=Tetanus toxin prevents the release of Inhibitory GABA/Glycine neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells. BEAch=Botulinium toxin prevents release of Excitatory ACh -Rachel K. | | | | 05/09/17 1:16 AM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 484 | 135 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Listeria monocytogenes | no reference | listeria grows well in cold temperature: LISTERIA grows well in SIBERIA | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add "Listeria grows well in Siberia." at the end of the first paragraph. "Listeria" and "Siberia" should be bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/12/17 2:24 PM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 485 | 135 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Listeria monocytogenes | No reference | In the paragraph talking about Listeria, the sentence: Can cause Amnionitis, septicemia, and spontaneous abortion in pregnant women, this three last words (in pregnant women) are unnecessary | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I would not say they are unnecessary, while Amnionitis and spontaneous abortion are related to pregnancy, septicemia is not. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/30/17 8:32 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 486 | 135 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/preventing-opportunistic-infections-in-hiv-beyond-the-basics | Histoplasmosis is seen when CD 4 < 150 based on uptodate, kaplan 2017. The diagram 2.8-14 depicts Histo at CD <50 | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree with the editor comment. Current wording is accurate. - Sarah S | Harrison's 19th Edition: "PDH is typically seen in immunocompromised individuals, who account for ~70% of cases. Common risk factors include AIDS (CD4+ T cell count, <200/μL), extremes of age, immunosuppressive medications administered for prevention or treatment of rejection following transplantation (e.g., prednisone, mycophenolate, calcineurin inhibitors, and biologic response modifiers), and methotrexate, anti-TNF-α agents, or other biologic response modifiers given for inflammatory arthritis or Crohn’s disease." Also, not much difference between 200 and 150 and we don't have a 150 row, no point in making one just for Histo when other sources say <200 is fine. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 02/07/17 3:52 PM | Maria | Ticas | met71788@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 487 | 135 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | emedicine.medscape.com/article/215100-workup | Corynebacterium diphtheriae grows on cysteine-tellurite agar as dark-black, slightly iridescent colonies | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. We already state "Black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar." which I think is enough -IW | Agree with rejection. The additional information provided here, although interesting may be extraneous for this review book -EP | | | | 06/17/17 12:16 PM | Eric | Sánchez | ericsanchezm@icloud.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 488 | 136 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Primary and secondary tuberculosis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2078678-overview?pa=q%2Fhw8%2FDoj%2BFJPovS43MogMKHUX778LvKW8%2FSeDgdSps57TbcukJAfdzDnfWa0GX5vdgWVHWMgrLFnc%2BAzuSDaXnZ5j5IICuJuaa3Z%2BY2XGY%3D | The giant cells are described as "Langerhan's giant cells," when they should be listed as "Langhan's giant cells." | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree, Langhan's cells are associated w/ TB, while Langerhans cells are dendritic cells seen with epidermidis. http://www.indianjcancer.com/article.asp?issn=0019-509X;year=2010;volume=47;issue=4;spage=474;epage=474;aulast=Pai and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langhans_giant_cell Erika P | Reject. User is correct and I agree with Erika, but it seems like FA2017 on pg 136 describes the cells correctly as Langhan's. This is incorrect in FA2016 on pg124, but this has been corrected for FA2017. So correction was already made last year, thus, reject this suggestion. -Connie Q | Agree with Connie, this was corrected in 2017. Erika please make sure to check that the comment is associated with the correct edition of the book. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/26/17 5:21 PM | Alexander | Houck | ahouck225@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 489 | 136 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Mycobacteria | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1105570-overview; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1342984/ | Mycobacterium marinum cause hand infection in aquarium handlers also called "FISH TANK GRANULOMA" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. I don't think the term "fish tank granuloma" would be tested. We already state (hand infection in aquarium handlers). -IW | Reject, LY. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 6:23 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 490 | 136 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | NEW FACT | Mine | To remember that primary Tb infection is in the lower lobes and that the secondary Tb is in upper lobes, think "started from the bottom now we here" | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this but not sure how to incorporate this mnemonic into the picture unless we rewrite what's already in the figure. -Rachel K. | | | | 06/08/17 2:23 PM | Julienne | Sanchez | spjulie8@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 491 | 137 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Gram-negative lab algorithm | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC207679/ | Serratia is motile and Klebsiella is non-motile. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | While this is true, I do not believe it is high-yield enough to warrant clouding of the image on this page Erika P | Reject. Low yield. -Connie Q | Unnecessary on this flow diagram. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/31/17 7:03 PM | Tram | Phan | mphan20795@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 492 | 137 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Leprosy (Hansen disease) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397401/ http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/mycobacteria/leprosy https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article/142/4/524/1767163/Analysis-of-the-Leprosy-Agents-Mycobacterium | Leprosy is also caused by "Mycobacterium lepromatosis", not just " Mycobacterium leprae". Mycobacterium leprae was the only known cause of leprosy until 2008, when a new species, named Mycobacterium lepromatosis, was found to cause diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL), a unique form of leprosy endemic in Mexico. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with this addition. We would be able to simply add "...and Mycobacterium lepromatosis" after Mycobacterium leprae in the text. Erika P | Not sure this is HY enough to add. Not mentioned on UTD, source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-microbiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-leprosy?source=search_result&search=leprosy&selectedTitle=1~63 Erika is totally correct but I haven't really seen this on test material...if someone can verify it's HY then may be worth adding. -Connie Q | Low yield, also definitely not an erratum, if anything it's a suggestion for additon. Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/14/17 6:27 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 493 | 137 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Leprosy (Hansen disease) | http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0401/p887.html | Mycobacterium Leprae infects superficial nerve and more likely to cause Mononeuritis Multiplex rather than glove and stoking type of neuropathy i.e. distal symmetric polyneuropathy. (Although leprosy can cause distal symmetric polyneuropathy in heavy burden of disease , which may lead to glove and stocking type of sensory loss but it is relatively rare. In leprosy, asymmetric superficial nerve involvement which leads to mononeuritis multiplex is very commonly seen). | Major erratum | Staff rejects | Propose to reject, the current text just emphasizes peripheral superficial nerve involvement, glove/stocking distribution is pretty classic. We don't say that it is symmetric. Mononeuritis, mononeuritis multiplex (MM), polyneuritis are the most frequent manifestations, and the suggester is correct in saying MM is the most common. However, it's still going to be superficial nerves in the periphery, just asymmetric. Because we don't say anything about symmetry/asymmetry of the distribution, I feel like it's fine as is, and adding this detail might be too much/more confusing. Also, UTD doesn't mention the symmetric vs asymmetric distribution of neuropathy, so I think it'll be too much detail for step 1 -Connie Q https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24141500 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/316024-overview https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-microbiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-leprosy?source=search_result&search=polyneuritis%20leprosy&selectedTitle=1~89#H1708854 | | | | 05/08/17 12:59 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 494 | 138 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria | not needed. | The mnemonic for Lactose fermenters (Macconkey positive) is MacConKEES. Citrobacter for C is missing and the C isn't highlighted in red although it's already capitalized. Citrobacter is already listed on the index to be in this section. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Citrobacter is listed in the Gram(-) algorithm on page 137 of FA2017, and user is corrected as Citrobacter is also listed in the index to be on this page as a lactose fermenter, but isn't on the page. Recommend highlighting "C" of MacConKEE'S in red, and adding Citrobacter to the mnemonic. -Connie Q | Accept. As mentioned on p137, Citrobacter is a slow fermenter of lactose. Confirmed in MedMicro: https://web.archive.org/web/20080706194735/http://gsbs.utmb.edu/microbook/ch026.htm Joe M | Not a major erratum. Okay to make C red in both 2nd and 3rd column and add Citrobacter to list of bacteria. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | | | | 04/23/17 2:21 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||
| 495 | 138 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8035/ | Citrobacter is also a lactose fermenter. The mnemonic macConKEES has the C capitalized but Citrobacter wasn't listed. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | Reject, this is the same comment as the one above, and is also submitted by the same user. -Connie Q | Reject, same as above. Joe M | Reject. Duplicate. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/24/17 12:59 AM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||
| 496 | 138 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Neisseria | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-uncomplicated-gonococcal-infections?source=search_result&search=gonorrhea%20treatment&selectedTitle=1~150#H1115932 | Since 2010, CDC recommendations have said that a combination of ceftriaxone + azithromycin should be given for gonococcal infection even DESPITE a negative test for Chlamydia trachomatis. While possible chlamydial coinfection (as stated in FA 2017) used to be the justification for dual therapy, the current (as of 2010) rationale is to prevent/slow the development of cephalosporin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae. While azithromycin would still help with a potential Chlamydial co-infection (so book is not wrong, per se), it should not be the only rationale (or even the first of two reasons) listed in First Aid. | Major erratum | Verified | Interesting point, worth adding to annotate but might be deferred to 2019. -IW | Agree! -Connie Q | Defer 2019. Seems more like Step 2 material. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | | | | 05/23/17 8:42 PM | Thomas | Flynn | TFlynn.med@Dartmouth.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 497 | 138 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Neisseria | UWorld QID 4766; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-chlamydia-trachomatis-infection?source=search_result&search=chlamydia%20treatment&selectedTitle=1~150#H49; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815 | Chalmydia infection diagnosed by nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) should be treated with azithromycin or doxycycline. Concurrent treatment is not indicated if the gonorrhea NAAT is negative.; If Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is subsequently documented on NAAT, additional directed therapy for gonococcal infection must be given as well, even if the patient is asymptomatic. If diagnostic testing with a NAAT is negative, no additional therapy is necessary. | Clarification to current text | Verified | What do the other authors think regarding the relativeness of this info for Step 1? Seems to be more Step 2-oriented, but definitely important info. -EP | Beyond Step 1. This is covered probably in Step 2, more like Step 3. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 09/14/17 10:21 PM | Kelly | Thomas | kelly.thomas087@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 498 | 139 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Bordetella pertussis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851156/ | Another virulence factor of B. pertussis is Adenylate Cyclase toxin, which is like the EF-toxin of B. anthracis, which increases cAMP by mimicking AC. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. The key virulence factors of pertussis are pertussis toxin and AC toxin. This is also covered in the B. pertussis SketchyMicro video. -Connie Q | Agree with Connie. This fact is also in Sketchy. Change the sentence to "Virulence factors include pertussis toxin (disables Gi), tracheal cytotoxin, and adenylate cyclase toxin (inc cAMP)." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851156/ Rachel K | Agree with Rachel K's change but move tracheal cytotoxin to the last part of the sentence so it reads: "Virulence factors include pertussis toxin (disables Gi), adenylate cyclase (↑ cAMP), and tracheal cytotoxin.". -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/17/17 11:10 AM | Rohit | Nallani | rohitnallani@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 499 | 139 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725638/ | It should be included that Pseudomonas infections are associated with Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). VAP is one of the most common infections within the ICU and Pseudomonas is one of the most significant causes and one of the most lethal. | High-yield addition to next year | Agree. Can add within the pneumonic "PSEUDOMONAS" under Pneumonia such as: Pneumonia (esp VAP) -EP | | | | 10/25/17 9:12 PM | Lee | Seifer | lseif002@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 500 | 140 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Escherichia coli | n/a | EPEC and EIEC not listed in abbreviations section. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree - should add "Eneteropathogenic e. coli" and "Enteroinvasive e.coli" in Abbreviation + Symbols section towards back of FA Erika P | Agree. Add EPEC and EIEC in the abbreviations section. Rachel K | Agree, add respective additions to abbreviation section. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 6:01 PM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 501 | 140 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Escherichia coli | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenic-escherichia-coli | please add that EHEC is also known as STEC (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli). Sometimes, STEC is seen instead of EHEC. Simply, mentioning "EHEC ( STEC) " is enough , in my view. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I would vote reject based on personal experience; have never seen it on an NBME question as STEC. -IW | Agree with IW, haven't seen this personally either. -Connie Q | Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/10/17 9:17 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 502 | 140 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Campylobacter jejuni | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/213720-overview/ http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/mibtp/pgstudy/phd_opportunities/molmech2017/flagella/ | Campylobacter jejuni has a Bipolar flagella. Not a polar | Major erratum | Verified | Reject, polar means one or more flagella arising from one or both poles of the cell. Text doesn't say unipolar, so I think it's fine as is. Source:http://textbookofbacteriology.net/structure_2.html -Connie Q | Agree, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/21/17 11:30 AM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 503 | 141 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Vibrio cholerae | Recommendations for the Use of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Cholera. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/treatment/antibiotic-treatment.html | Treatment: Oral or IV Hydration. Doxycycline (adults) Azithromycin (children and pregnant women) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Although this may be true, I don't know if it is high yield enough to include. Erika P | Agree with Erika. This fact is not high yield. Also, it is not clear which antibiotic to give and when to give it, therefore, it is not likely to show up on the test. I would recommend changing the sentence reading "Prompt oral rehydration is necessary." to "Treat promptly with oral rehydration solution." It is important to remember that these patients should be rehydrated with a special solution containing electrolytes and sugar and not just regular water. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/962643-treatment#d11 Rachel K | Agree, I think we can modify this sentence. Would change to: "Treat promptly with oral rehydration solution." I agree that antibiotics are low yield. In the ER we would give Cipro (which Rosen's says works) or Azithro or Doxy, Cipro is the easiest, 1g once. Anyway, low yield to know the antibiotics. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/07/17 5:41 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 504 | 141 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Salmonella vs Shigella | not needed | To remember the fact that Salmonella species produce H2S: "salmon stink/smell" (similar to the "salmon swim" mnemonic used on the same page). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make "H2S" bold red text in column 1. Add "(salmon stink)" in bold red text to columns 2 & 3. -Rachel K. | | | | 03/06/17 9:05 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 505 | 141 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Salmonella vs Shigella | UpToDate: Epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of typhoid fever (http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-microbiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-typhoid-fever?source=search_result&search=Epidemiology%2C+microbiology%2C+clinical+manifestations%2C+and+diagnosis+of+typhoid+fever&selectedTitle=1%7E84) | Page 141, first and second column. The only [i]Salmonella[/i] spp. pathogenic for humans are a large variety of subspecies of [i]Salmonella enterica[/i]. Typhi and Paratyphi etc. are serovars, written as [i]Salmonella enterica[/i] spp. [i]enterica[/i] serovar Typhi, or commonly [i]Salmonella[/i] Typhi. This can be simply corrected to reflect current taxonomic standing. | Minor erratum | Verified | This is super minor, defer to next year. So technically the commenter is correct, but instead of saying "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar Typhi," it's also correct to italicize Salmonella and non-italicize Typhi to show that it's a serogroup (can't do it here but I can show how the italicizing would look if we decide to migrate to annotate -Connie Q source on how the nomenclature works: http://jcm.asm.org/content/38/7/2465.full | Defer vs. reject, I'm okay with either. This is LY. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/05/17 11:59 AM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 506 | 141 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Vibrio cholerae | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263241/ | Add section on Vibrio P. and Vibrio V. below Vibrio C. There is one line First Aid that state the other Vibrio species but nothing that have the other high yield facts about the other 2 Vibrio species. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think the other vibrio spps are too low yield -Connie Q | Disagree, I think what we have in the "Bugs causing food-borne illness" section is the most high yield aspect -IW | | | | 06/23/17 1:23 AM | Jordan | Spatz, PhD | Jordan.Spatz@ucsf.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 507 | 141 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | NEW FACT | http://jb.asm.org/content/191/16/5116.full | It is mentioned that Shiga toxin or enterotoxin is an endotoxin.In fact Shiga toxin (Stx) is a PROTEIN toxin released by Shigella and not part of its cell membrane nor is it a lipopolysaccharide, thus it is an EXOTOXIN. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. This is a grammar issue. Under Shigella's toxins we write "Endotoxin; Shiga toxin (enterotoxin)" which means endotoxin AND Shiga toxin. It does not mean that Shiga toxin is an endotoxin. In fact, we state only that Shiga toxin is an enTEROtoxin. -IW | Agree with IW, text fine as is -Connie Q | Agree, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/18/17 4:45 AM | Alexandros | Keramidas | strwthvn@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 508 | 142 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Lyme disease | no reference | The 7b: bold B in each word: Borrelia (burgdorferi), Babesia, Bilateral, Bell, bulls eye, AV block | Mnemonic | Verified | Creative but I feel like this mnemonic will need a little more explanation. I like the mnemonic we have now and both will take up too much space. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/07/17 4:02 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 509 | 142 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Helicobacter pylori | none needed | MCAT Metronidozol Clarythromycin Amoxocillin Tetracycline is helpful at making sure that students remember antibiotics to treat the disease | Mnemonic | Verified | I feel like we need to add quadruple therapy before we add a mnemonic with additional antibiotics. I know adding quadruple therapy was discussed in either GI/Micro but I can't find it. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/13/17 4:20 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 510 | 142 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Leptospira interrogans | UpToDate: Epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of leptospirosis (https://choxik6b0ln1unms30i65elf.sec.amc.nl/contents/epidemiology-microbiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-leptospirosis?source=search_result&search=leptospirosis&selectedTitle=1~78) | Page 142, first column. The name Leptospira interrogans as a phenotypic designation of those Leptospiral species that cause human diseases is obsolete. Current taxonomy is very complex, I would suggest using just ‘Leptospira’ or ‘Leptospira spp.’ | Minor erratum | Verified | UTD still uses Leptospira interrogans, but UTD also mentions other spps that cause human disease. Minor, but could definitely consider changing to Leptospira spp. next year -Connie Q | Agree with broadening to Leptospira spp. as most questions do not have students denote interrograns vs. other sub-species, and with the shifting UTD classification, we can keep up with more recent micro changes. -EP | Defer. | | | | 05/05/17 12:03 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 511 | 142 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/contents/treatment-regimens-for-helicobacter-pylori?source=machineLearning&search=quadruple%20therapy%20h%20pylori&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H4045763521#H4045763521 | Bismuth quadruple therapy consists of bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, tetracycline, and a PPI given for 14 days | High-yield addition to next year | Agree with addition to add this after Triple Therapy. -EP | | | | 10/26/17 1:54 AM | Joel | Chan | joelchancheeyee@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 512 | 143 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Syphilis | UptoDate Syphilis in pregnancy. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/syphilis-in-pregnancy?source=search_result&search=Syphilis+in+pregnancy&selectedTitle=1%7E150 | Pregnancy is an important cause of false-positive VDRL/RPR. This is especially relevant since all pregnant women are tested for syphilis with a non-treponemal test in the US (as long as the CDC keeps recommending ‘classic’ screening). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This has been added in VDRL false positives fact. -IW | Agree with IW -EP | | | | 05/05/17 12:09 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 513 | 143 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Syphilis | UpToDate Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of syphilis in the HIV-infected patient (http://www.uptodate.com/contents/syphilis-in-pregnancy?source=search_result&search=Syphilis+in+pregnancy&selectedTitle=1%7E150) | Higher incidence of neurosyphilis in HIV positive patients (particularly relevant in high-risk MSM population) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | True, but might not be HY enough to specifically point out -Connie Q | Agree with CQ -EP | | | | 05/05/17 12:15 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 514 | 143 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Syphilis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/syphilis-epidemiology-pathophysiology-and-clinical-manifestations-in-hiv-uninfected-patients | Condylomata lata: replace with this "smooth, painless, wart-like white lesions on warm & moist regions, such as the genitals or mouth". The way it is currently worded makes it seem that condylomata lata are moist. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Yes, condylomata lata lesions are not moist, they're like normal skin. Would just take out "moist" and not add the other stuff. -Connie Q | They are moist... http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/dermatologyglossary/condylomata_lata.html "These broad, moist, highly infectious plaques develop at sites to which Treponema pallidum has disseminated." https://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/Military_OBGYN/Textbook/Vulva/CondylomaLata.htm "condyloma accuminata are dry, while condyloma lata are moist." | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/17/17 9:59 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 515 | 143 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Syphilis | First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 - 2017 | A mnemonic for congenital syphilis: "Regularly, Syphilis Diagnosed Mom Must Save Her Newborn" R : Rhagades S: Snuffles D: Deafness M: Maxilla is short M: Mulbery molars S: Saber shin H: Hutchinson's teeth N: Nose saddle | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/21/17 2:17 PM | Nameer | Adamat | adamatnameer@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 516 | 144 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Trematodes (flukes) | Not needed | Remember letter S: Schistosomas have Spine; Snails are hoSt, penetrate Skin, can cause Scc of bladder and Splenomegaly. S.manSoni has Sub-terminal spine; S.haemaTobium has Terminal spine. | Mnemonic | Verified | Good idea but this mnemonic mixes together the diseases caused by S mansoni and S haematobium. I guess we could put all words that begin with "s" in bold red text but I'm not sure this will be helpful. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/24/17 6:59 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 517 | 144 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Cestodes (tapeworms) | https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/taeniasis/index.html | The image referenced as letter A for Taenia Solium is possibly not Taenia Solium, but more likely Taenia Saginata. Taenia solium has a scolex with hooks. The image referenced as A does not have hooks, or the image quality is so low that hooks are not visible if they are present. The image should be updated to better reflect this important difference. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject, already fixed. -Connie Q | Can use image from 2018 as errata fix if necessary for 2017 errata. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/07/17 1:15 AM | Tyler | Coye | tylerlc6@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 518 | 145 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illness | Raoult D: From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27856520 | Page 145, third column. Saying that Coxiella burnetti produces spores is functionally but not chemically correct, as you correctly point out at page 120. The 'spore' form are called 'small-cell variant' (SCV). Inconsistent use of the name ‘spore’ needs to be addressed. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Reject, we actually say "endospore," which is correct, because "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form but is not a true spore -Connie Q | | | | 05/05/17 12:32 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 519 | 145 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illness | Fa2017 | Bold the in in mountain and change text to "Rash...spreads IN to trunk, palms..." and bold that in as well to remember rash progression | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 4:22 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 520 | 146 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral genetics | None Needed | reCombination = Crossover ... reaSSortment = Segment Shuffling | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is from FA2016. Credit given for the same mnemonic for the person who submitted for 2017 edition. -Rachel | | | | 12/28/16 8:28 PM | Ory | Streeter | orystreeter@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 521 | 146 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Sexually transmitted infections | USMLE step 1 MQ # 11604 and 1154 | Who always payless? or Who is a Payless shopper? Tre-tra-gra/tre-tra-gra mimics infantil song. STD with initial painless ulcers: Treponema P, C. trachomatis, K. granulomatis. Bold Tre, Tra, Gra. Who doesnt? Herpes simplex, H. ducreyi After Chlamydia trachomatis section. Maybe is better put the Chlamydia section inmediately after Syphilis section | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I have no idea what this means. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/30/17 11:48 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 522 | 146 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes | None | Remember C. trachomatis serotypes D-K are the STI serotypes by thinking D-K is DicK. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Probably a little too dirty. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/05/17 2:48 PM | Luke | He | lghz58@mail.umkc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 523 | 146 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Chlamydiae | First Aid 2017 | Treatment for (Chlam)ydiae: Don't (doxycycline) throw (azithromycin) clams | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Seems a little bit of a stretch. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/07/17 1:59 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 524 | 147 | Immunology | | | Mycology | Systemic mycoses | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215978-overview | Systemic mycosis based on their most common geographic location | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | I can't find this in this chapter -Connie Q | | | | 09/06/17 9:14 PM | Scarlett | Decamps | scarlettdecamps@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 525 | 149 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | Opportunistic fungal infections | Easily googleable, and I particularly learned it in my med school microbiology class. Here are a few supporting links per google: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654610/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15969473 https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Candida_albicans_(Pathogenesis)#Polymorphism | Candida albicans is listed as dimorphic but it is actually polymorphic, as it has 3 forms. Lists the forms seen at 20deg and 37deg, but missing mycelial form as seen in cultures | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. This is annoying and trying to split hairs. Yes, in addition to producing budding yeasts and pseudohyphae in the cold, true hyphae may also be produced. But this is entirely missing the point. The definition of dimorphic from the 27th ed. of Jawetz, Melnick, and Adelberg's Medical Microbiology is "fungi that have two growth forms...which develop under different growth conditions." What we care about is that the yeast form is growing under cool conditions and the mold form is growing under warm conditions. This is correctly stated in FA2017. Rachel K | Agree with Rachel. All that needs to be emphasized is its yeast/mold forms is opposite of the normal dimorphic "yeast in the heat mold in the cold." -Connie Q | Reject, agree with both authors. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/02/17 11:20 PM | Emily | Smith | eksmith27@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 526 | 149 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | Opportunistic fungal infections | Any Medical Mycology textbook, e.g. Larone Medically Important Fungi, 5th edition, page 283 and 286. Online: http://cmr.asm.org/content/12/2/310.long. | Aspergillus fumigatus forms phialides that cover the upper two thirds of the vesicle and are parrallel to the axis of the conidiophore (columnar formation). The current text states it forms 'radiating chains', this would be more common in e.g. A. niger. Also picture E is therefor not (representative of) A. fumigatus. | Major erratum | Verified | Sure, will add to annotate. -IW | Rejected by experts. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/05/17 11:46 AM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 527 | 149 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | Opportunistic fungal infections | Literature | Germ tube is induced by the addition of serum and a growth temperature of 37°C. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not HY. Would Reject -EP | Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 09/23/17 11:04 PM | Ye | Zhang | zhangye860525@sina.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 528 | 150 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | Sporothrix schenckii | http://escholarship.org/uc/item/30m45342 https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/sporotrichosis/ | There are two forms of cutaneous sporotrichosis: Lymphocutaneous and fixed cutaneous. The disease currently described is the lymphocutaneous, Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis is described by a limited nodule that nay or may not ulcerate and DOES NOT involve the lymphatic system, more common in previously exposed people. Also sporotrichosis can have other forms such as Osteoarticular sporotrichosis, pulmonary sporotrichosis and meningitis (rare). Finally, treatment for the disseminated form is amphotericin B not potassium iodide. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Partially accept. While user is correct for the types of sporotrichosis, not sure the multiple types of disease are HY enough to include. Haven't seen this differentiated to this degree. Reject adding this part. Treatment for lymphocutaneous is itraconazole or potassium iodide. This is what is listed on pg. 150, but it isn't specified this is for lymphocutaenous disease. However, amphotericin B is the drug for disseminated disease. Suggest clarifying "itraconazole or potassium iodide for lymphocutaneous and cutaneous disease, amphotericin B for severe or disseminated disease." Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-sporotrichosis?source=search_result&search=sporothrix&selectedTitle=2~36 -Connie Q | Agree with Connie that it is worth mentioning amphotericin B for disseminated disease, especially since FA says "Disseminated disease possible in immunocompromised host." Also agree with Connie that the multiple forms of sporothricosis are low yield. I have never encountered them in other high-yield resources or test questions. Joe M | Reject, this is all fairly low yield. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/12/17 5:23 AM | Rawad | Abbas | rma129@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 529 | 151 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | Not needed | REoviruses are REpeatviruses: the only RNA virus family that has DOUBLE-strand RNA and DOUBLE-capsid! | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Good suggestion but it would take more text to explain the mnemonic than the text that is present in the fact. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/24/17 6:43 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 530 | 151 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—GI infections | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/441223_2 | In Entamoeba histolytica, " histology shows flask-shaped ulcer" can be re-written as " histology shows flask-shaped ulcers in colon". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree that this could be written more clearly. Change "histology shows flask-shaped ulcer" to "histology of colon biopsy shows flask-shaped ulcers" Rachel K | Agree with Rachel, her suggested wording is very clear. However, this doesn't seem like a super important change to make; histology referring to histology of a colon biopsy seems like it would be easy to intuit in the case of a GI parasite. -Connie Q | Agree with Rachel's change. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of Entamoeba histolytia, replace “histology shows flask-shaped ulcer” with “histology of colon biopsy shows flask-shaped ulcers.” | | 5 | | 04/20/17 4:57 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 531 | 151 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—GI infections | http://flipper.diff.org/app/items/info/2386 ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HnMd9wfj4E | giardia lamblia trophozoites shows "falling leaf motility" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I think the key histological defining feature of giardia are the little eyes and mustache looking flagella. Haven't heard this referenced -Connie Q | Agree with Connie. Would Reject. -EP | | | | 05/08/17 5:07 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 532 | 151 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | page 151 of First Aid book 2017 | [Robe around the Waist for Toga dance] Robe" Rubella" Waist "Western equine encephalitis" Toga "Togaviruses | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:01 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 533 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | self-made | Naeglaria fowleri - think swimming in the Niagara falls ( a fresh water lake) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Never liked the Nalgene mnemonic. Replace with "(Niagara Falls drains freshwater from the Great Lakes)" "Naegleria" in column 1 and "freshwater lakes" should be bold red text. "Niagara," "freshwater" and "Lake" from the proposed mnemonic should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/29/17 5:24 PM | Rajbir Singh | Pannu | rajbir_96@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 534 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | no reference | Protozoa CNS infections (TNT) Bold the TNT letters in the name of each protozoan | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Nothing here to help tie TNT to CNS infection. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/07/17 5:08 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 535 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2044905 | Retinography showing chorioretinal scar secondary to Congenital Toxoplasmosis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Toxo does make an interesting retinal scar, but I think it's too low yield for FA. Joe M | Agree with Joe. Reject. -EP | | | | 04/28/17 3:51 PM | Fernando | Pellerano | dr.fpellerano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 536 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211214-overview | ACANTHAMOEBA (Details in attached word file) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Possibly, but defer to next year. UTD says that Acanthamoeba is the most common ameba found in nature and largely causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. The word doc would be a good guideline for starting a new row if we decide this is HY enough -Connie Q | | | | 05/08/17 4:42 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 537 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria/general.html; https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria/treatment.html | Naegleria fowleri treatment: miltefosine (also used to treat leishmaniasis) has shown some promise | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, although it shows promise, it's not established as the standard of care. Although no definite treatment exists, Amphotericin B deoxycholate demonstrates the most favorable in vitro activity, so it's probably the best to mention for now -Connie Q https://www.uptodate.com/contents/free-living-amebas-and-prototheca?source=machineLearning&search=naegleria%20fowleri&selectedTitle=1~5§ionRank=1&anchor=H4971137#H4971137 | Agree with Connie. Would reject this proposed addition. -EP | | | | 05/15/17 3:04 PM | Zachary | Mortensen | zachary.mortensen@ttuhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 538 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228613-clinical?pa=nZ1VtNKarZAgtwIPMQnfRlVy7PJeJtMUXcOzaic%2B3cDQA7ziWxdV9dDVeMXvbWGjzwqhhs8QdyTjNWKIxVrE%2FgYKjJnMGupE2Wb1j%2FJr65Y%3D | Regarding Trypanosoma brucei (African Sleeping Sickness); the painful bite by the Tsetse fly is followed by a painless chancre that develops 5-15 days after the bite. Might be important to note so that students can distinguish this painless chancre from that found on the genitals in syphilis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Only some patients develop this chancre, other symptoms are more common and probably will be more likely to be tested. Also I feel like test takers won't have to differentiate between syphilis and a tsetse fly bite too often, and if so, the context/location of chancre would probably help the student figure that out -Connie Q | Agree with Connie. Do not see need to add due to low yield nature. -EP | | | | 06/02/17 1:12 AM | Derin | Allard | derindallard@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 539 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | Not needed. | For Trypanosoma brucei infections, Suramin is given for blood borne infections. When you hear Suramin, think "Serum". | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/22/17 1:34 AM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 540 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | not needed | for toxoplasma gondii medications: "found in PuSS feces" - P for pyrimethamine and S for Sulfadiazine | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/27/17 3:57 AM | Nameer | Adamat | adamatnameer@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 541 | 152 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | N/a | TOXic PLASMa messes with your CHI (congenital Toxoplasmosis symptoms: Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcifications) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/13/17 8:43 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 542 | 153 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—hematologic infections | FA 2017 | for babesia microti | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. No submission. -Rachel K. | See attached file on the left. I find it reasonable. - Humood | | | | 01/08/17 8:20 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 543 | 153 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—hematologic infections | UpToDate: Diagnosis of malaria. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-malaria?source=search_result&search=malaria&selectedTitle=3%7E150 | Page 153. Antigen based malaria rapid diagnostic tests are becoming the first line malaria diagnostic test and deserves mentioning. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Defer, but we could definitely consider adding a quick sentence on RDTs for detecting malaria parasite Ags next year -Connie Q | | | | 05/05/17 12:36 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 544 | 153 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Rubella virus | page 153 of First Aid book 2017 | [RUBELLA]: R "rash" U "uniquely congenital" B "blueberry muffin appearance" E "especially mild in children" L "lymphadenopathy" A "arthralgia" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:05 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 545 | 153 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Paramyxoviruses | page 153 of First Aid book 2017 | paramyxoviruses [para'mix'viruses]: can mix cells together to create large multi-nucleated cells | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:07 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 546 | 153 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—hematologic infections | N/a | BABESIA: Babesiosis | Anemia (hemolytic), Asplenia increased risk of severe disease, And fever | Borellia Burgdorferi of Lyme has same transmission | northEast | blood Smear: ring form & maltese cross | Ixodes tick | Atovaquone + Azithromycin treatment | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 10:05 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jschutzman@temple.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 547 | 154 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—others | https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/gen_info/vectors/ | The other name for "reduviid bug" is" triatomine" and CDC uses that term.So, it would be better to mention it. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree we can change to "Triatomine bugs, a type of reduviid bug ("kissing bug"). | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *MICRO Warren Levinson | OK per Dr. Levinson | | Change "Reduviid bug (“kissing bug”)" to "Triatomine bugs, a type of reduviid bug ("kissing bug") | | 5 | | 12/27/16 7:21 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 548 | 154 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Nematode routes of infection | Not needed. | Ingested - Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella, Trichuris. You'll get sick if you EATTT these! | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Putting a note on annotate to add Trichuris under ingested for route of infection. Agree to then add an extra T to the mnemonic. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/09/17 7:06 PM | Sergio | Magaña | sergiomagana@outlook.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 549 | 154 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Protozoa—others | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220298-medication | Please add " oral miltefosine" in the treatment of Leishmania. " In March 2014, the CDC approved miltefosine for the treatment of specific species that cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis, in adults and adolescents who aged at least 12 years, weigh at least 66 lb, and are not pregnant or breastfeeding." | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This seems too new to be included in a Step 1 review book. I would reject this comment. Erika P | Reject. New therapies have emerged in recent years due to failure of stibogluconate in a region in India. One of these therapies is miltefosine which has >95% cure rate but also has a very high relapse rate suggesting possible resistance. Maybe in a few years but this doesn't seem crystal clear and things that aren't clear don't show up on the boards. Murray, Medical Microbiology Ch 74 Rachel K | Reject. Low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/10/17 12:58 PM | Anisha | Adhikari | aneeshameet@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 550 | 155 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | no reference | At the Ascaris lumbricoides section: Obi-Wan "Ben" Kenobi. Bold: ob form obstruction plus i from ileocecal or intestinal, ben from bendazol and Knobby | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Creative but too far of a stretch. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/07/17 5:26 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 551 | 155 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | It's a mnemonic | A memory aid that catches a few facts in one go. 'Imagine playing table tennis (tt-trichuris trichura) using a whip (whipworm) for a racquet and a soccer ball shaped rectum (rectal prolapse/soccer ball shape of egg) for the ball. | Mnemonic | Verified | Rearranged things a bit. Not sure if this is what we are going for. "Trichuris trichura table tennis - Imagine playing with a whipworm for a racket and a ball-shaped rectum (rectal prolapse)." -Rachel K. | | | | 03/18/17 11:20 AM | Rajat | Dhand | rajatdhand@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 552 | 155 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | not needed | Let me show you a trich (trick) where I whip (whipworm) out my rectum (rectal prolapse). Bold trich, whip, and rectum. | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this one better than the above submission and have rearranged a bit. "Let me show you a trick (Trichuris trichiuria) where I whip (whipworm) out my rectum (rectal prolapse)." -Rachel K. | | | | 03/21/17 11:59 AM | Jackson | Bell | jacksonbell10@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 553 | 155 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | First Aid 2017 | Trichinella spiralis: acquired from meat and infects meat (encyst in striated muscle) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Don't see how this is a mnemonic. | | | | 05/07/17 12:25 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 554 | 156 | Microbiology | | | Virology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4208707/pdf/cshperspectmed-HEP-a021550.pdf ; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-epidemiology-natural-history-and-clinical-manifestations-of-hepatitis-d-virus-infection?source=search_result&search=hepatitis%20D%20superinfection&selectedTitle=1~150 | In the hepatitis virus table, HDV superinfection is labeled as "short", while HDV coinfection is labeled as "long". Perhaps I am not understanding what this is referring to, but I get the impression that this says that coinfection is worse than superinfection. To the best of my knowledge, superinfection is actually worse than coinfection, with the former leading to chronic infection much more often than the latter. | Minor erratum | Verified | 2016 Edition | Defer. | | | | 01/09/17 9:31 AM | Tudor | Sturzoiu | tug27397@temple.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 555 | 156 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Cestodes (tapeworms) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intestinal-tapeworms?source=search_result&search=taenia%20solium&selectedTitle=1~24 | Taenia Solium use hooks to attach to the intestinal wall, while Taenia Saginata lacks hooks. In Figure A, hooks are not present, and I believe that is not a photograph of Taenia Solium, but rather it is a photograph of Taenia Marginata. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree, multiple image searches on Google show this exact image. Although this image is low resolution so the crown of hooklets is not visible in our image. It is a question of resolution. https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/811/flashcards/3860811/jpg/taenia-1444BB794A339C8E43D.jpg | Disagreement/need expert | *MICRO Warren Levinson | I agree, T solium has a crown of hooklets. See my book page 456. You can use that figure in the next edition. | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace image A with the following | | 5 | | 01/23/17 6:59 PM | Lindsay | Rothfield | ldr58@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||
| 556 | 156 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Cestodes (tapeworms) | https://web.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2001/taeniasis/solium2.html | The image for Taenia solium shows a tapeworm without any hooks on the proglottid head, which is more characteristic of Taenia saginata rather than Taenia solium. Taenia solium should have these hooks. | Minor erratum | Verified | Duplicate. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 2:59 AM | Jake | Gibbons | jagibbs07@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 557 | 156 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | n/a | Hepatitis viruses A and E are nAkEd, you can get them when you trAvEl and are AcutE only. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I like the current bold red text in the table. No reference is provided for acuity or transmission during travel for HEV. -Rachel K. | | | | 03/12/17 7:00 AM | Denisa | Pavlíčková | denisapavlickova@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 558 | 156 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Cestodes (tapeworms) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176337/ | Cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis is caused by ingestion of Taenia eggs in food contaminated with animal feces, while the text mentions human feces. | Major erratum | Verified | Shall we just say contaminated with feces to make everyone happy? -EP | Yes, replace with just "contaminated with feces." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 09/18/17 1:21 PM | Shabbir | Safri | safrishabbir91@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 559 | 157 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis serologic markers | page 157 of First Aid book 2017 | IgM ['M'ainly used for detection], IgG ['G'uards your body = immunity] | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:09 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 560 | 158 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral vaccines | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention-of-adenovirus-infection#H22 | When listing the live attenuated vaccines, adenovirus was left out. The vaccine for adenovirus is live attenuated. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. I think the table can be expanded to include a section of "Live oral vaccines" which would include both Rotavirus and Adenovirus (used only in military) https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/adenovirus.html Rachel K | Agree, adenovirus is a live attenuated vaccine often given to military recruits. Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention-of-adenovirus-infection?source=search_result&search=adenovirus%20vaccine&selectedTitle=4~13. Also covered in SketchyMicro Adenovirus video. -Connie Q | Is this high yield? Should vote on annotate. I'm not entirely sure its high yield - may get 1 question in 2000-3000? | Disagreement/need expert | | | 5 | | 02/06/17 12:51 PM | Luke | He | lghz58@mail.umkc.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 561 | 158 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral genetics | Uworld.com | Recombination and reassortment can be easily confused by students, especially in high stress conditions. I feel like a picture under each (recombination and reassortment) that depicts the concept will make it very easy forr students to remember. Uworld has a very nice picture to differentiate the 4 viral genetics, and it helped me a lot. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I do remember a nice picture in UWorld. It might be worth it to get the illustration team involved in a graphic for the 4 types of viral genetics. Quality illustrations should also allow us to streamline the text. Rachel K | Agree with user and Rachel. Viral genetics are confusing and UWorld definitely had a great picture. Example from a Nature Review paper: http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrmicro.2016.46_F1.html -Connie Q | Agree can request something from the illustration team. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/21/17 3:19 AM | Nwamaka | Bob-Ume | nbobume@alumni.aus.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 562 | 158 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral genetics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reassortment | ReCombination- Re"Crossing Over" and ReaSSortment= Re "Segment" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make "C" and "S" bold red text and under respective sections add: "reCombination = Crossover" "reaSSortment = Segment Shuffling" -Rachel K. | | | | 04/16/17 9:28 PM | M. Yaasen | Bhutta | ybhutta@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 563 | 159 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral envelopes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-e-virus-infection | Under viral envelopes, Hepevirus is listed, but it is a non-enveloped virus | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree but for different reasons. All of the viruses in this fact are naked but listed under the fact title of "Viral envelopes" which seems confusing. I suggest moving the first 4 lines of the "Viral envelopes" fact to the "Naked viral genome infectivity" fact so it is clear you are discussing naked/nonenveloped viruses under one fact and enveloped viruses under another fact. Rachel K | Agree with Rachel, this would make it much more clear. -Connie Q | I would NOT move the mnemonic and text to naked viral genome infectivity as it is discussing something else entirely. This is NOT an erratum as the discussion of envelopes does not preclude a discussion of non-enveloped viruses. Just because Hepevirus can obtain an envelope it is still an non-enveloped virus essentially. http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/41.html What I would do to clarify this is switch the order of the text so that "Naked (nonenveloped) viruses include Papillomavirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus,Polyomavirus, Calicivirus, Picornavirus,Reovirus, and Hepevirus." is below the text concerning envelopes (make it the 2nd paragraph in the 2nd column). Also make the switch in the 3rd column. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | | | | 04/03/17 10:35 AM | Michael | Lee | LeeMP@evms.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 564 | 159 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral envelopes | https://www.quora.com/In-what-way-do-viruses-acquire-envelopes-around-their-nucleocapsids | some viruses to be released by exocytosis as opposed to budding acquire their envelope from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and not the plasma membrane. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Source is pretty bad. I did some searching on the examples of viruses that this source gave, and only found one paper on how the ER may contribute to formation of HepB viral progeny: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/hep.21666/asset/21666_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=j1wamcis&s=22844a66c7988e4791fec9ff6fa2bb1388121249 So both too obscure and not HY enough to include. -Connie Q | Reject. I believe his fact is true based on my research, but I also believe it is too low-yield for FA. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X08024029 http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/5/1/a013250.full Joe M | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/09/17 12:53 PM | Rawad | Abbas | rma129@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 565 | 159 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral envelopes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8174/ | RNA viruses without envelopes: Red Hot Chili Peppers: Reoviruses, Hepeviruses, Caliciviruses, Picornaviruses | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Remove the 1st line and the RNA part of the 2nd line in column 3. Add "RNA = Red Hot Chili Peppers" in column 3. The first letter of each word should be in bold red text. Change the order of the last 4 viruses in column 2 to Reoviruses, Hepeviruses, Caliciviruses, and Picornaviruses leaving the bold red text as is." -Rachel K. | | | | 05/01/17 10:00 AM | UGUR BERKAY | BALKANCI | ubalkanci@ku.edu.tr | | | ||||||||||||||
| 566 | 159 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viral genomes | N/A | Everyone except REO (reovirus), was POSITIVEly (+) Super Single (single-stranded), so while in CALIfornia (calicivirus) we went to a RETRO (retrovirus) TOGA (togavirus) party and took PICs (picornavirus), drank FLAVored (flavivirus) CORONAs (coronavirus), and got HEP-E-titis (hepevirus-HEV) while he stayed home. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/06/17 5:52 AM | Sheiva | Hamidi | sheivah83@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 567 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | DNA viruses | no reference | Bold and uppercase "A", "D", "N" in Adenovirus. Bold and uppercase "A", "R", "N" in Arenaviruses. (Adenovirus and Arenaviruses are the only viral family which their names began with A) ADN/ARN in spanish means DNA/RNA) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too far of a stretch and the suggestions are not on the same page. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/10/17 1:18 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 568 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | DNA viruses | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-human-papillomavirus-infections?source=search_result&search=hpv+4+serotype&selectedTitle=18~150 | HPV wart serotypes should include serotype 4. | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. This is not high yield. I have never seen a question ask anything outside of HPV 6/11 causing genital warts. Probably a good idea to remove HPV 1/2 from the wart section and add HPV 31/33 to the cervical cancer section since this is more high yield. -Rachel K | Reject. Agree with Rachel. Technically user is correct but not sure this is HY enough to include. -Connie Q | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/10/17 2:50 PM | Hayden | Hatch | hamhatch@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 569 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | DNA viruses | n/a | To remember what adenoviruses can cause, remember that "you won't get CONJUNTIVITIS after a FAP session" (conjunctivitis + Febrile pharyngitis, Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, Pneumonia) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. A little dirty but also not memorable for people who don't know what it means. -Rachel K. | | | | 03/12/17 6:57 AM | Denisa | Pavlíčková | denisapavlickova@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 570 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155623/ | Maternal Varicella in the first or second trimester can cause fetal death or congenital varicella, if it occurred in the third trimester, the fetus will have shingles at birth | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed, however, we have a TORCHeS section later on in the chapter. Perhapse we should add a comment in the Notes section to say "one of the TORCHeS infections" we can acknowledge it's role in OBGYN cases as well as allude to the info found later in the chapter Erika P | Agree with Erika. -Connie Q | Does not need to be mentioned here. No need to repeat information that is readily available elsewhere in the book, especially when there is not enough space on the page.. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/09/17 12:55 PM | Rawa | Abbas | rma129@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 571 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | DNA viruses | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211738-clinical | Add gastroenteritis as a disease caused by Adenovirus | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept, would not lengthen the fact/table. Adenovirus is listed as a bug causing diarrhea in another part of the micro chapter. - IWu | Agree. But add it at the very bottom of the list. Conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, and acute hemorrhagic cystitis are more high yield and deserve to be bolded/italicized. Rachel K | Agree, there is enough space and we do mention it on page 175. Can add to bottom of list. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/25/17 4:44 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 572 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1892378/ | HSV 1 is latent in trigeminal ganglia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This has been added. -IW | Agree with IW -EP | | | | 05/11/17 4:10 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||
| 573 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | I didn't make this up, that's the etymological root of the virus name. | It's so basic I'm kind of surprised it's not already in FA, but you can remember that HBV is a DNA virus because it's in the hepaDNAviridae family. I think this could fit on any of the pages that HBV is discussed in this chapter (page 158, 160, or 168). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Not a bad thing to draw attention to. Kind of surprised it isn't in there as well. I think it belongs best on this page. Make "dna" of Hepadnavirus in bold red capital letters. -Rachel K. | | | | 06/02/17 8:46 PM | Mordechai | Sadowsky | soxno1fan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 574 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | DNA viruses | No Reference Required | Under Adenovirus, figure reference "A" should be beside Conjunctivitis- "pink eye" | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject; we have an image of the throat now, and the reference is after febrile pharyngitis now. -IW | Reject. Fixed. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/23/17 5:35 PM | Francheska N. | Nieves Rivera | francheskanieves@ymail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 575 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/roseola/basics/symptoms/con-20023511 ...... http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/roseola/Pages/Introduction.aspx#symptoms | HHV-6 and 7: notes: I quote "Roseola: fever first, Rosie (cheeks) later" well Roseola rash usually begins on the "trunk", spreading to the legs and neck. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I somewhat disagree. UTD states "a blanching macular or maculopapular rash develops, starting on the neck and trunk and spreading to the face and extremities" I guess neck isn't really the same as cheeks but works for this mnemonic. In general the mnemonic should just help students remember that the rash spreads from top to bottom. The provided reference (NHS choices) actually states that the rash starts on the chest, not trunk. Pediatrics just facts (textbook) states "the rash is primarily on the chest and trunk". Finally, Toronto notes states that the rash primarily involves "the neck, proximal extremities, and occasionally face" So perhaps saying cheeks in the mnemonic is a bit misleading but I wouldn't say it is incorrect. If we changed it to chest/trunk, the mnemonic wouldn't make any sense. So I suggest we leave it as is as long as the accompanying text gives details about the rash. However, if others feel strongly we could delete this mnemonic. - Sarah S | Agree with Sarah. The differentiating factor with roseola is that it starts with a fever, then the rash appears later. This is what the mnemonic helps with, so I think we should leave that. However, we could add after "followed by diffuse macular rash" additional information about the rash. Maybe, "followed by diffuse macular rash starting on the neck and trunk then spreading to face and extremities." That way, reading this info then learning the mnemonic would help student associate "rosie cheeks" with a neck/face rash that spreads outward. Source:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/roseola-infantum-exanthem-subitum?source=search_result&search=roseola&selectedTitle=1~150 -Connie Q | We could just change (cheeks) to rash and simplify the mnemonic even more. Would work up on Annotate. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 01/28/17 12:39 PM | Aboud | Tahanis | tahanis.aboud@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 576 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/roseola/basics/symptoms/con-20023511 ...... http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/roseola/Pages/Introduction.aspx#symptoms | HHV-6 and 7: notes: I quote "Roseola: fever first, Rosie (cheeks) later" well Roseola rash usually begins on the "trunk", spreading to the legs and neck. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/28/17 12:44 PM | Aboud | Tahanis | tahanis.aboud@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 577 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | no reference | At the Epstein Barr section: Bold the B letter in the words: Barr, Burkitt, B cells, antibodies | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the "B" bold red text for "Barr" in column 1, "Burkitt" in column 3, and "B cells" in column 4. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/07/17 5:13 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 578 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.5858/arpa.2012-0101-RS?code=coap-site | Kaposi Sarcoma can be transmitted by non-sexual routes that are still poorly understood AND, KS is not a true sarcoma the most common cells are proliferating spindle cells of endothelial origin | Clarification to current text | Verified | Partially reject. Yes, user is correct in that KS is a spindle cell tumor, but the spindle cells are of endothelial origin. UTD just specifies that endothelial cells are the cells affected in KS, but spindle cells (which are of endothelial origin) are the primary component. So probably not HY enough to specify the subset of endothelial cell? Recommend leaving "(neoplasm of endothelial cells)" as is, unless someone has seen the term "spindle cells" used explicitly in test material. Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/virology-epidemiology-and-transmission-of-human-herpesvirus-8-infection?source=search_result&search=kaposi%20transmission&selectedTitle=1~150 There seems to be increasing evidence suggesting that KS can be transmitted non-sexually, but the modes/mechanisms seem very unclear. The UTD info on this is super preliminary, showing that US/Europe studies show no evidence to support transmission through blood products, but studies in Uganda show evidence of blood transmission, however those studies have major problems. However, the virus has been found in saliva, and which may be a source of transmission between mother and child. Also, there is some evidence of transmission from solid organ transplant. Because of how poorly understood the non-sexual routes of transmission are, recommend leaving passage as is, or adding, "some evidence of transmission through saliva and organ transplant" after "sexual contact." Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/virology-epidemiology-and-transmission-of-human-herpesvirus-8-infection?source=search_result&search=kaposi%20transmission&selectedTitle=1~150 -Connie Q | Reject. There is some evidence of alternate HHV-8 transmission modes, outlined below: -Solid organ transplant: not worth specifying as most viruses can be transmit this way (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/disease-associations-of-human-herpesvirus-8-infection?source=search_result&search=hhv%208&selectedTitle=1~75#H8) -Saliva: probably true, but still under investigation so too low yield for FA (http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/440149) -"Use of inhaled nitrites or amyl nitrite capsules" can cause Kaposi Sarcoma, NOT HHV-8. This is a fact on HHV-8, so not worth adding. Low yield anyway. (http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200011093431904) Joe M | Reject, not high yield, and agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/09/17 12:59 PM | Rawad | Abbas | rma129@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 579 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/infectious-mononucleosis-in-adults-and-adolescents http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/784513-clinical | In Epstein -Barr virus ( HHV-4) infection,use of ampicillin also causes characteristic maculopapular rash, so it is important to mention both drugs. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, LY. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/04/17 2:03 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 580 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/infectious-mononucleosis-in-adults-and-adolescents https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4000473/ | In infectious mononucleosis , the players must avoid contact sports for certain duration to avoid splenic rupture. Although , the time period of this "return-to-play decisions must be individualized" , i think , it is important to note that there must be a rest period of " at least 3 weeks" . This knowledge of getting rest for " at least 3 weeks" was tested in a question bank , so i think , it is necessary to mention it. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, low yield, more step 2 material. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/11/17 10:53 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 581 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9709885/ | Cytomegalovirus Polyradiculopathy: Typically presents in HIV/AIDS patients with CD4 <50. May present with hyperreflexia, lower limb weakness, saddle anesthesia, urinary retention, pain in dermatomal distribution (i.e. sciatica) (my questions was guy with CD4 count 39 with oliguria and “back pain radiating down the back of his thighs with hyperreflexia) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not HY enough for addition. NO change needed. -EP | | | | 07/04/17 12:19 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 582 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | Regarding the CD4+ replication: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-herpesvirus-6-infection-in-children-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment?source=search_result&search=hhv6&selectedTitle=2~98 (see virology section); regarding sparing the face: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0815/p804.html (see table 2) | Roseola (HHV-6, HHV-7): HHV-6 replicates in activated CD4+. Also, the rash usually spares the face. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Can add "sparing the face" after "maculopapular rash" in column 3. Do not think the replication within CD4 cells is HY. -EP | | | | 08/24/17 9:19 AM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 583 | 161 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | First Aid; regarding the CD4+ replication: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-herpesvirus-6-infection-in-children-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment?source=search_result&search=hhv6&selectedTitle=2~98; regarding the 4 days for the fever: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/roseola-infantum-exanthem-subitum?source=search_result&search=roseola&selectedTitle=1~150 (see febrile stage section); regarding sparing the face: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0815/p804.html (see table 2) | Roseola (HHV-6, HHV-7) Four 4's: HHV-6 replicates in CD4+, Fever can reach 104+ & lasts 4 days, Rash usually spares the Fourhead (and rest of the face) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/24/17 9:20 AM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 584 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | not needed | Single-stranded circular RNA viruses can be remembered with the mnemonic ABCD: Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, (Circular), Deltavirus | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. "Circular RNA viruses (ABcD): Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, circular, Deltavirus)" "ABcD" and the first letter of each word should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/03/17 8:28 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 585 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs327/en/ | Chikungunya virus also needs a little a for arbovirus since it is transmitted by mosquitos. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree, add superscript a for Chikungunya. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *MICRO Warren Levinson | OK per Dr. Levinson | | Add superscript a to Chikungunya. | | 5 | | 02/11/17 4:01 AM | Nodari | Maisuradze | maisuradze.nodo@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 586 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Zika virus | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1600297#t=article | Zika is an arbovirus so should have the "a" superscript | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is correct. We should change the text as suggested by adding superscript "a". Not an erratum though, merely a clarification. - Sarah S | Agree, add superscript a to Zika virus. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *MICRO Warren Levinson | OK per Dr. Levinson | | Add superscript a to Zika virus. | | 5 | | 02/28/17 12:57 PM | Sarah | Mizrachi | smizrach@mail.einstein.yu.edu | | | ||||||||
| 587 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/zika-virus-infection-an-overview?source=search_result&search=zika%20virus%20arbovirus&selectedTitle=3~90 | Zika Virus needs to be assigned with a small letter 'a' as it is an Arthropod borne virus | Clarification to current text | Verified | See 162 + 163 lines agree to add this superscript Erika P | Reject, repeat of above comment -Connie Q | Reject, already fixed. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/14/17 6:34 PM | Mazen | Osman | mazen319@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 588 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | RNA viruses | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?source=RELATED_SEARCH&search=Flavivirus+infection | Flaviviruses mnemonic: "Zika and Dengue went to St. Louis then to West Nile, when they came back they were Yellow and had HCV" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept with minor changes. "Zika and Dengue went to St. Louis and then West Nile. When they came back, they were Yellow and had HCV" Suggest reordering the diseases to match the order of the mnemonic. -Rachel K. | | | | 04/05/17 2:07 PM | Farah | Amer | farah.n.amer@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 589 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4187635/ | Astoviridae- Astrovirus is aso a positive sense single stranded RNA virus lacking an envelope it has a star like morphology discovered in 1975. It mostly causes self-limited watery diarrhea in children lasting 2-4 days. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Astrovirus is a cause of watery diarrhea in kids <4 y/o, though less common than norovirus or rotavirus. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-viral-gastroenteritis-in-children-in-resource-rich-countries-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=astrovirus&selectedTitle=1~7 Joe M | Reject. I've never seen this come up on a practice question even though apparently it's been around for a while. - IWu | Reject, low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/09/17 12:47 PM | Rawad | Abbas | rma129@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 590 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/chikungunya-fever | Chikungunya Fever- from Aedes mosquito, presents w/fever, arthralgias/arthritis, diffuse macular rash | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed. I believe we should add a superscript under the Yellow Fever mention of the Aedes mosquito; "Chikungunya spread by same vector" Erika P | Reject. First of all, this is not on page 162, it's on 163. And this problem would be taken care of with the addition of "a" superscript as suggested and accepted in the suggestion below. No need to add this additional info. -Connie Q | Agree with Connie, reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/16/17 9:31 PM | M. Yaasen | Bhutta | ybhutta@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 591 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-treatment#H9 | The text on RSV indicates ribavirin should be used as the primary treatment. This is inconsistent with current American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations which discourage the routine use of ribavirin which while FDA approved has not been demonstrated to improve outcomes in routine RSV care, where supportive care is the primary treatment in current practice. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Can change to "Rx--supportive care, ribavirin." [added to annotate] -IW | See IW's comment. On Annotate. -EP | | | 5 | | 06/29/17 7:51 PM | Donald | Wright | Donald.wright.bellingham@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 592 | 163 | Microbiology | | | Virology | RNA viruses | fa2017 p.163 | May want to add rubeola to the mnemonic for paramyxovirus, and bold any R'sin virus prefixes to match with the R of RNA | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | What are other authors opinions on this making the mnemonic more confusing as we already designate the M for measles and mumps. I would be ok leaving as is. -EP | | | | 10/09/17 1:57 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 593 | 164 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Rotavirus | Page 163 in first aid: Rota is under Reo family | First word in description is supposed to state the family of virus (Reo) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Disagree. Reovirus is mentioned later in the sentence. Consider revising the text to remove "segmented dsRNA virus" since RNA structure is listed on the previous page and this information clogs up the more detailed charts. The first sentence of the Rotavirus section should read: "A reovirus. Most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis." Rachel K | Agree with Rachel K's suggest change for the first sentence. Would give information on the class in a manner consistent with the rest of the page. -Connie Q | Agree with Rachel's proposed change. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/05/17 4:01 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 594 | 164 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Picornavirus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7864/ | All are enteroviruses except HAV. HAV belongs to the hepatovirus genus. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Change to: "PERCH - all enteroviruses except Hepatitis A" Rachel K | Accept, but suggest change to "all are enteroviruses except Hepatitis A and rhinovirus." Currently the text includes rhinovirus, and that is correct too. -ConnieQ | Okay with Connie's suggested change. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Add as the last sentence in column 2: “All are enteroviruses except rhinovirus and HAV.” | | 5 | | 04/14/17 2:39 PM | Taylor | Maney | TLManey@aol.com | | | |||||||
| 595 | 164 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Yellow fever virus | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/yellow-fever?source=search_result&search=yellow+fever&selectedTitle=1~63 | Listed under "negative" stranded RNA, should be a positive stranded RNA (flavivirus) | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. Yellow fever is correctly labeled as positive sense on page 163. He is incorrectly assuming that the "negative-stranded viruses" title of the first fact on p164 applies to the entire page, when it's pretty clear it does not. Joe M | Agree, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/02/17 5:04 PM | Kanika | Thapar | kanikathapar90@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 596 | 164 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Rhinovirus | N/A | In the mnemonic for rhinovirus, "nose" is in red, but the "runny" should be instead. "Rhino" and "runny" should be in red to help with the mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/25/17 10:36 AM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 597 | 165 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Rubella virus | eMedicine | rubella virus cause discrete rash not confluent rash | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree change to maculopapular. This is not a erratum, more of a clarification. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *MICRO Warren Levinson | Change confluent to maculo-papular | | Change "fine, confluent rash" to "fine, maculopapular rash" | | 5 | | 01/01/17 7:04 AM | Mustafa Rıdvan | Dönmez | dr.mstfrdvn@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||
| 598 | 165 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Measles (rubeola) virus | Uptodate | Measles affects MEAS: Mind: encephalitis, E: Eyes (conjunctivitis), A: airways: cough and coryza, S: skin (rash) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The 3 or 4 C's are a better mnemonic. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/04/17 10:47 AM | Abdallah | El Alayli | abdallahalayli@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 599 | 165 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Paramyxoviruses | Not needed | In the last sentence it's written "Palivizumab for paramyxovirus (RSV) Prophylaxis in PREMIES", but the correct form is PREEMIES. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Both Merriam-Webster and dictionary.com list the most common spelling as "preemies" with "premies" being a less commonly used variant. I guess this is one of those words that doesn't lok right. Change "Premies" to "Preemies" Rachel K | Agree with Rachel, could change to "preemie." Interestingly, searching "preemie" on UTD gives no results, while searching "premie" on UTD redirects to preterm infants. So I suppose it's not the end of the world to leave as is either. -Connie Q | Reject, we are fine, this is really nitpicky. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/21/17 5:20 PM | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | leidylauragh14@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 600 | 165 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Influenza viruses | First Aid 2017 | Hemagglutinin promotes viral entry: pronounce, hema gettin in | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add "hema-gettin-in" at the end of the parenthesis for hemagglutinin in column 2. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/07/17 1:48 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 601 | 165 | Microbiology | | | Virology | NEW FACT | NONE | hemagGLUtinIN: GLUES the virus to sialic acid, enabling it to go IN..........neuraminidASE promotes virion releASE | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/02/17 4:05 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 602 | 166 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Red rashes of childhood | page 166 of First Aid book 2017 | [Red CHAMP]: R" Rubella" C" Coxsackivirus" H "Herpes" A "group A streptococcus" M "Measles" P "Parvovirus" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:16 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 603 | 167 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Measles (rubeola) virus | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/measles-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention | 3'C for Measles should be changed to 4 C's which includes Koplik spots spelt with a C(coplik) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change to 4 C's and add "Coplik (Koplik) spots" -Rachel K. | | | | 02/23/17 1:18 PM | Humza | Saleem | saleemhumza@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 604 | 168 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177484-clinical#b1 | In hepatitis A virus infection, under clinical course, this point is considerable, "Smokers often lose their taste for tobacco" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Under notes section add "Aversion to smoking." Highlight "A" in red to associate with Hepatitis A. Rachel K | Agree with Rachel. I like the suggestion to highlight the "A" of "aversion" in red. -Connie Q | Is this really high yield? Vote on Annotate. -YC | Disagreement/need expert | | | 5 | | 12/27/16 7:33 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 605 | 168 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | None | Can highlight "C" in "Carrier" in the column for HCV | Mnemonic | Verified | Agree. Make "C" of "carrier" bold red text under notes of HCV column. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/16/17 6:17 PM | Naureen | H. | nhuda1@jhmi.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 606 | 168 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3754772/ | In the table on extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis B & C— for dermatologic manifestation of Hep B (currently empty), put "Pruritic urticarial rash" because HepB causes a serum like syndrome. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. While this is true, the table is supposed to list other clinical syndromes I believe. Not just symptoms (like rash). -IW | Agree with IW. WOuld reject. -EP | | | | 05/27/17 4:17 PM | Nicholas | Marshall | nmarshall@neomed.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 607 | 168 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4065877/ | When writing about the HBV partial dsDNA being completed, please specify that it is the host's polymerase that completes this (in the book it is written simply as "the polymerase".) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. I don't know if this is completely accepted or understood? The link provided does not really mention polymerase in the text of the article. Here is another source (cited by 413) that states the mechanism for completion of partial dsDNA is not fully elucidated https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4065876/ -IW | | | | 06/23/17 8:58 PM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 608 | 168 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | Not required | Remember HEV and HAV are transmitted via fEcal-orAl | Mnemonic | | | | 10/23/17 10:57 AM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 609 | 170 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis serologic markers | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-hepatitis-b-virus-infection?source=search_result&search=hepatitis%20b&selectedTitle=1~150 | During the Hep B window period, the only serological marker that is detectable is IgM anti-HBc; anti-HBe is not present. According to UptoDate: "IgM anti-HBc is the sole marker of HBV infection during the window period between the disappearance of HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs" | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. The window period is defined as the time between the disappearance of the surface antigen and the appearance of the surface antibody. Various sources disagree on whether Anti-HbE is present or not, and the best conclusion I could reach is that it is usually but not always present. Regardless, the presence or absence of Anti-HbE would NOT be the distinguishing factor between any two HepB serology interpretations, so I think it should be kept the same. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2095015/ http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.me.32.020181.000245 Joe M | I agree with Joe. Robbins 9e p. 833 Figure 18-12 is very similar to the FA picture and shows anti-HBc and anti-HBe present during the window period. "The appearance of anti-HBe antibodies implies that an acute infection has peaked and is on the wane." "Anti-HBs antibody does not rise until the acute disease is over, concominant with the disappearance of HBsAg." The above statements and figure are saying both anti-HBc and anti-HBe are present in the serum during the window period.It may be that anti-HBc is used to detect and diagnose HepB during the window period rather than anti-HBe and this is already stated in FA. Rachel K | Reject agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/31/17 9:50 PM | A | K | akahnweiler@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 610 | 170 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis serologic markers | no reference | At the anti HBc section:Change the paragraph organization. Antibody to HBcAg; IgM anti HBc=acute/recent infection, may be the sole + marker during window period. IgG anti HBc= prior exposure or chronic infection. Bold c in Anti HBc and in Chronic | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not a mnemonic. Will migrate suggestion over to annotate. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/07/17 4:26 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 611 | 170 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis serologic markers | n/a (mneumonic) | "HBeAg" = Hepatitis B "Exit Antigen" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Good idea but think "exit" could be confused with viral exit from the cell. -Rachel K. | | | | 04/29/17 8:26 PM | Nik | Raju | nikhiraju@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 612 | 170 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir | UpToDate: Treatment of herpes zoster in the immunocompetent host. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-herpes-zoster-in-the-immunocompetent-host?source=search_result&search=herpes+zoster+treatment&selectedTitle=1%7E150 | Page 197. Famciclovir is not the preferred treatment over acyclovir of herpes zoster, no evidence for increased effectivity or reduced PHN vs. (val)acyclovir. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. The provided link literally states "We prefer valacyclovir or famciclovir compared with acyclovir given the need for less frequent dosing." -IW | Agree. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/05/17 12:47 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 613 | 170 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis serologic markers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940099/ | In the picture of the HBV virion, the positive and negative strands are labeled incorrectly (they are switched). The shorter incomplete strand should be labeled as the (+) strand while the longer strand the (-) strand. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree, and another comment has been made by AUT_Vasily. This should be accepted for credit. -IW | This is a duplicate comment. CD | This image has been fixed in 2018, can use 2018 image. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 08/03/17 2:15 AM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 614 | 173 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Common diseases of HIV-positive adults | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212737-clinical | in 2017 FA on page 173, it lists the common diseases of HIV-positive adults, one of this is the Bacillary Angiomatosis caused by Bartonella henselae. it is included in the group that has a CD4 cell count between 200-500/mm3 but most patients with bacillary angiomatosis that are infected with HIV have a CD4+ cell counts less than 200/mm3. I was questioned in the Kplan Qbank (QID m200548) about it and I answered wrong because of that information. so I started investigating about and find this information and articles: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/glchunk/glchunk_329.pdf , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8880497/ , http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.923.3773&rep=rep1&type=pdf . Hope it helps. | Major erratum | Verified | I agree. I think it is better to move the Bartonella henselae row to the <200/mm3 section. UTD cites a study that most cases of bacillary angiomatosis occurs in patients with CD4 count <100. Accept. - Sarah S Ref: UTD - Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Bartonella infections in HIV-infected patients | Agree. Suggest moving it to <100 section. Sarah refs UTD stating that most pts get it <100, the NIH.gov website with HIV opportunistic infections info states that most pts get BA at counts of <50. This info was updated in 2013, last reviewed in March13, 2017. Source (page J-1): https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/glchunk/glchunk_329.pdf -Connie Q | Agree with moving to CD4 <200. http://www.jwatch.org/ac199512010000001/1995/12/01/bartonella-associated-infections-hiv-infected Harwood-Nuss also states <200. http://www.mdedge.com/fedprac/dsm/11347/hiv/bacillary-angiomatosis-epithelioid-angiomatosis | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Move the row ”Bartonella henselae,” from the heading “CD4+ cell count < 500/mm3” to the heading “CD4+ cell count < 100/mm3.” | | 20 | | 03/01/17 11:37 AM | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | leidylauragh14@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 615 | 175 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Bugs causing diarrhea | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/217485-medication | In bloody diarrhea,Enterohemorrhagic E coli , mention the fact that , use of antibiotic may predispose to HUS. **can cause HUS** can be re-written as , ** can cause HUS ( antibiotic use not useful,may predispose to development of HUS)** | Clarification to current text | Verified | If we do add this, it should probably be back in the EHEC-specific section versus the reference tables on this page. -EP | | | | 05/08/17 1:35 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 616 | 175 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Bugs causing diarrhea | Swanson's review of family medicine 8ed p. 582 | I would add enteropathic e coli (mild, self limiting) to the list of watery diarrhea | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. -EP | | | | 10/09/17 3:13 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 617 | 175 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Bugs causing diarrhea | Swanson's review of family medicine 8ed p. 581 | Post immunization for rotavirus, the most common cause of peds viral diarrhea in the US is norovirus representing up to 90% of previously unexplained diarrheas; consider a note re same in this table or changing the order of viral pathogens to represent the new epi | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Should this be in the GI chapter? -EP | | | | 10/09/17 3:16 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 618 | 176 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Common causes of meningitis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK83072/ | Streptococcus Pneumoniae is the most common cause of meningitis in children more than 28 days old. So a new column is necessary for age 1-6 month in the table and S pneumoniae is the most common cause in this age. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901656) especially Table 2. I found 6 weeks = transition from the typical "newborn-causes" of BM to the children causes, with S. pneumonia being predominant. -EP | | | | 06/17/17 4:54 AM | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | sseifirad84@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 619 | 177 | Microbiology | | | Systems | UTI bugs | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/sampling-and-evaluation-of-voided-urine-in-the-diagnosis-of-urinary-tract-infection-in-adults?source=search_result&search=sampling+and+evaluation+of+voided+urine&selectedTitle=1%7E150 | Enterococcus is unable to convert nitrate to nitrite, so an infection will be nitrite(-) despite bladder bacteriuria | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. True, but not really HY. -Connie Q | We don't mention anything about enterococcus unable to convert nitrite so this is not an erratum. Questionable yield, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/12/17 4:07 PM | Laura | Szczesniak | lauramszczesniak@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 620 | 177 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Common vaginal infections | FA2017 pg 144. | In the Gardnerella vaginalis section on pg 144, clindamycin is also listed as a treatment for bacterial vaginosis. That should be included in the table on pg 177. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Can start discussion on annotate to see if this is worth adding to the table, or removing from Gardnerella fact. -IW | table already includes both metronidazole and clindamycin. If I understand this comment correctly, no change is needed. -EP | Defer. | | | | 05/11/17 4:08 PM | Kevan | Mamdouhi | kmamdouhi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 621 | 178 | Microbiology | | | Systems | ToRCHeS infections | No reference needed | For Toxoplasma gondii neonatal manifestations, remember "Sometimes I get blueberries in CHI-town". C - chorioretinitis, H - hydrocephalus, and I - intracranial calcifications with or without "blueberry muffin" rash | Mnemonic | Verified | What about "Tourists gobble blueberry muffins in CHI-town"? The beginning helps tie in T gondii. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/14/17 7:18 PM | Maxwell | Harley | maxharley28@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 622 | 178 | Microbiology | | | Systems | ToRCHeS infections | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2579543 | Congenital Zika Syndrome | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. With the recent media coverage surrounding Zika, I would not be surprised to find Zika questions on Step 1. UpToDate has a great Congenital Zika Section: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-zika-virus-infection-clinical-features-evaluation-and-management-of-the-neonate?source=search_result&search=zika%20virus&selectedTitle=3~74 Joe M | Reject, I don't think this necessarily has to be added to the ToRCHeS fact because the new edition has a Zika fact right after Ebola. Besides microcephaly I don't think there are enough details to warrant repeating. - IWu | Agree with IWu, no need there is already an entry here and it is NOT a classical TORCHES infection. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 12:47 PM | Guilherme | Packer | guipacker@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 623 | 178 | Microbiology | | | Systems | ToRCHeS infections | uworld qid: 11551 | Along with causing hearing loss, seizures and all that good stuff, CMV also causes chorioretinits. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. In UW, so probably important. Also in SketchyMicro CMV video (as pizza pie). And UTD states, "Chorioretinitis is the most common ocular abnormality in symptomatic infants." Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-cytomegalovirus-infection-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=cmv%20congenital&selectedTitle=1~51 -Connie Q | Agree, I remember seeing this in various Step 1 resources as well. Joe M | Okay to add chorioretinitis to CMV neonatal manifestations column. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/04/17 5:14 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 624 | 178 | Microbiology | | | Systems | ToRCHeS infections | First Aid 2017 p178 | The mnemonic could be updated to state "I heart blue ruby earrings". This minor edit would maintain the known mnemonic, but add the characteristic blueberry rash to the list. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I think this could be confusing since rubies aren't blue. -Rachel K. | | | | 04/17/17 9:21 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 625 | 178 | Microbiology | | | Systems | ToRCHeS infections | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/962761-overview | Chorioretinitis should be included in the "neonatal manifestations" section of cytomegalovirus. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This has been added (see row above). -IW | Agree with IW. -EP | | | | 05/17/17 3:08 PM | Derin | Allard | derindallard@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 626 | 178 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | ToRCHeS infections | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis | for toxoplasmosis: pregnant CHICs (Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial, Calcifications) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 5:19 PM | Prutha | Patel | pruthapatel94@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 627 | 178 | Microbiology | | | Systems | ToRCHeS infections | UpToDate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonimmune-hydrops-fetalis#H937253350; AJOG: Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Clinical Guideline #7: nonimmune hydrops fetalis (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937814024430#bib39) | Hydrops Fetalis should be added as a neonatal manifestation for both CMV and Toxoplasmosis, and possibly just as a general TORCHES characteristic. According to UpToDate, all TORCH infections are associated although "causation has not been proven for all infections." There are, however, recent guidelines on HF from the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology that specifically call out at least CMV and Toxoplasmosis (in addition to syphilis and parvovirus B19) as infectious diseases associated with HF. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with addition of HF to toxoplasmosis and CMV. -EP | | | | 09/10/17 10:13 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 628 | 179 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Red rashes of childhood | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1053253-overview | The image C associated with Scarlet fever shows a child's face. The rash of Scarlet fever produces a sandpaper-like rash that generally spares the face. However, a distinctive facial finding is a flushed face with circumoral pallor. Therefore, the text and image are misleading and suggest that the rash of scarlet fever include the face. SketchyMedical and the popular book Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple both note this. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, moving to annotate. See comments there. -IW | Changed to "Flushed cheeks and circumoral pallor C on the face; erythematous, sandpaper-like rash from neck to trunk and extremities; fever and sore throat" in 2018. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 05/04/17 12:23 AM | Matthew | Simhon | matthew.simhon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 629 | 179 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Red rashes of childhood | Swanson's Review of Family Med 8th Ed p. 572 | Need to add notes about rash distribution to this table, namely roseola goes from trunk to periphery, scarlet trunk to generalized and (in bold) spares palms and soles, rubella goes from neck/face and (in bold) does NOT spare hands and soles, erythema infectiosum is slapped cheeks in stage 1, lacy reticular spreading from trunk to periphery in stage 2, and spontaneously resolving in stage 3 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Can add onset pattern to "clinical presentation" column of HHV6, S. pyogenes, Measles, and Parvovirus. I do not think the stages of Parvovirus are needed. -EP | | | | 10/09/17 1:48 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 630 | 179 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Red rashes of childhood | Swanson's Review of Family Med 8th Ed p. 572 | Should move rubella entry from p.165 fa2017 to this page so that all three entries are on the same page and can be slimmed down to avoid duplication | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 1:50 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 631 | 179 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Red rashes of childhood | fa2017 p.166 | Might make more sense to movethe rubeola entry from p.166 here to put both rubeola entries closer together | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 1:54 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 632 | 181 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.medjournal.hmc.psu.edu:2200/contents/pharmacology-of-echinocandins AND https://www-uptodate-com.medjournal.hmc.psu.edu:2200/contents/biology-of-candida-infections | I'm not sure where the best place in the text to put this would be, but it is important to know that the fungal cell wall is composed of not only beta-glucans, but also chitins. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, low yield. I feel like we just need to know the b-glucan component of the fungal cell wall because the Echinocandin class of drugs inhibits synthesis of b-glucan, therefore inhibiting cell wall synthesis. This is covered on FA2017 page 196. If we really wanted to add the components of fungal cell walls, I suggest adding it to the diagram on page 194 of FA2017. -Connie Q | Reject. Chitins are part of the fungal cell wall, but they are not clinically relevant since they are not drug targets. There is some evidence that they activate various immune cells in humans, but I think it's too low yield for FA. I also think we should keep the diagram on p194 as is to avoid making the picture overwhelming. The exact targets of the various anti-fungals on that page are listed in their detailed sections on the next page. Joe M | Reject, low yield. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/14/17 9:57 AM | John | Coda | jecoda15@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 633 | 181 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Nosocomial infections | N/a | urinary Katheters mean NO PEe — NO=NOcosomal | P=Proteus spp. | E=E. coli | K=Klebsiella | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/20/17 7:02 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jschutzman@temple.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 634 | 182 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Bug hints (if all else fails) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pasteurella-infections?source=machineLearning&search=Pasteurella%20multocida%20treatment&selectedTitle=1~20§ionRank=1&anchor=H14#H14 | Pasteurella have a characteristic mouse-like odor on culture. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Not high yield. It's more important to associate Pasturella with dog/cat bites. Rachel K | Reject. Not HY. -Connie Q | Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/24/17 9:49 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | |||||||||||
| 635 | 182 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Bugs affecting unvaccinated children | Oxford handbook of infectious diseases and microbiology(2017),P597. Whittaker R, Economopoulou A, Dias J G, et al. Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007–2014[J]. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017, 23(3). https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/3/pdfs/16-1552.pdf | "H influenzae type B (also capable of causing epiglottitis in fully immunized children)" makes students mistakenly think vaccination fails to immune against Hib induced epiglottitits, while statistics indicate only minor immunized children will get Hib epiglottitis. Suggesting del bracket contents. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. Fine as is. UTD states that "Although the incidence of Hib epiglottitis declined after Hib was added to the routine infant immunization . . . Hib epiglottitis still occurs, even in immunized children." Source (under Etiology): https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epiglottitis-supraglottitis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=epiglottitis%20influenza&selectedTitle=1~150 -Connie Q | Reject. Per UpToDate, HiB still accounts for a high percentage of epiglottitis cases in vaccinated kids. It is just the absolute number of cases of epiglottitis that has gone down since the vaccine came out. Joe M | Reject, per authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/09/17 7:05 AM | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | | | |||||||||||
| 636 | 182 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Measles (rubeola) virus | n/a | Can you please use the proper name of measles "Rubeola" in the table regarding bugs affecting unvaccinated children - since it's pretty easy to mix up rubella/rubeola it's always nice to be reminded of the difference as often as possible! | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. The "Bugs affecting unvaccinated children" table lists the pathogen (measles virus) and associated clinical presentation/findings, but not the name of the disease (measles/rubeola). The name of the disease caused by the pathogen is listed in "Red rashes of childhood" table a few pages earlier should someone need a reminder. Rachel K | Reject. Measles is a perfectly fine term, unnecessary addition. Agree with Rachel, this is on page 179 of FA2017. -Connie Q | Reject, per authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/15/17 10:34 PM | Hollis | Johanson | hollisjohanson@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 637 | 182 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Bug hints (if all else fails) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/218901-overview#a3; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_bite_injury | Human bite leads to infection by organism EIKENELLA CORRODENS (fight bite) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree to add. -EP | | | | 05/08/17 5:58 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 638 | 182 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Bug hints (if all else fails) | Reference (1): FA 2017 Pg 149 clearly states candida and aspergillus to be causative agents in Immunocompromised/Diabetics and Reference (2): FA 2017 Pg 149 clearly states Mucor/Rhizopus to be causing infections in Neutropenic patients. | Bug Hints: Correction: Fungal Infection in diabetic or Immunocompromised patient is by Candida Albicans/Aspergillus, (NOT Mucor/Rhizopus) and Neutropenic patients is by Mucor / Rhizopus. (NOT Candida) These rows are exchanged in the table and needs correction. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree that this is kind of confusing. I stand by the Mucor/Rhizopus for diabetes and the neutropenic for Aspergillus. But I agree that the Mucor/Rhizopus fact says neutropenic too... Maybe we should be putting Candida for both?? -IW | These are not based on the entries, these are definitely based more on questions seen by people; diabetic with fungal infection especially near the head/eyes is definitely mucor. I have not seen any neutropenic patient questions with Mucor... | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/13/17 6:14 AM | Ahmed | Shah | ahmedali794749@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 639 | 183 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antimicrobial therapy | https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest_threats.html | Suggestion to add a section about clinically important beta-lactamases (ESBL, carbapenemases, AmpC) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not HY. Would reject -EP | | | | 05/05/17 4:41 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 640 | 183 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | Antimicrobial therapy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-uncomplicated-cystitis-and-pyelonephritis-in-women?source=search_result&search=Nitrofurantoin&selectedTitle=9~62 | Mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin not covered in First Aid. Would be beneficial to include as it is often a preferred antimicrobial for uncomplicated cystitis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | New fact - defer to 2019. Otherwise I think it is valid to note that nitrofurantoin is a common drug that is not mentioned in FA. I wonder why it hasn't been included since it has been around for a while... maybe it is not tested that often. -IW | Agree to add short sentence about nitrofurantoin, although because it is so atypical would not stress importance as I doubt this is HY enough.. but who knows with the Step 1 folks. -EP | | | | 05/13/17 5:46 PM | Grace | Sollender | grace.e.sollender.med@dartmouth.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 641 | 184 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | http://www.medbullets.com/step1-microbiology/4133/antipseudomonal-penicillins | I suggest including carbenicillin to your list of antipseudomonal penicillins and then using the mnemonic "Can Treat Pseudomonas", for Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, and Piperacillin. This would make your list of antipseudomonal penicillins more complete and easier to remember. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not necessary since this class of drugs is already called antipseudomonal penicillins which implies they treat Pseudomonas. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/20/17 10:38 AM | Theodore | Morgan | morgantr@etsu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 642 | 184 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | beta lactamase inhibitors | icameupwithit.com | CAn't Save Transpeptidase for CAST mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add "CAST = CAn't Save Transpeptidase" and make the capital letters bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 03/01/17 5:22 PM | waqas | ali | waqasali03@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 643 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | My right hemisphere | A mnemonic to help remember the side effects of cephalosporins. "heres what happens if you (HAV)e a (C)ephalospori(N) = Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Vitamin K deficiency, Cross reactivity with penicillins, Nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like this and have made a modification to include the disulfram-like reaction. Add: "Heres what happens if you HAVe a CephalosporiN Drug = Hypersensitivity, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Vitamin K deficiency, Cross reactivity with penicillins, Nephrotoxicity increased with aminoglycosides, Disulfram-like reaction" All capital letters should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/08/17 1:12 PM | Abdallah | Malas | abdallahmalas@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 644 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Ganciclovir | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment | Text says mechanism is "5'-monophosphate formed by a CMV viral kinase". However, in CMV it involves a phosphotransferase (UL97). From eMedicine, "CMV does not contain a thymidine kinase." (the drug uses a viral kinase in HSV but HSV is not listed as a clinical use for the drug.) | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/11/17 12:03 PM | Kirun | Baweja | kirunbaweja@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 645 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | Not needed | On 2nd generation cephalosporins, the c from E.coli isn't highlighted in order to comply with the mnemonic PEcK. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Under 2nd gen. cephalosporins, make the "c" in E. coli red so it matches with the mnemonic "PEcK." Rachel K | Agree. -Connie Q | Agree per Rachel. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/15/17 11:52 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||
| 646 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | not needed | In 2nd generation cephalosporins, E.coli is missing the dot in it's abbreviation and the c needs to be highlighted to match the mnemonic PEcK (Ec= E.coli) | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | This is not our style. | | | | 04/07/17 5:47 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 647 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | not needed | The c in coli needs to be in bold and in red since it's included in the mnemonic PEcK. | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | Reject. Repeat submission. Rachel K | Reject, already covered in row 56. Joe M | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 12:54 AM | Nahimarys | Colon Hernandez | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||
| 648 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | not needed | The c in coli needs to be in bold and in red since it's included in the mnemonic PEcK. | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | Reject. Repeat submission. Rachel K | Reject, already covered in row 56. Joe M | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 12:54 AM | Nahimarys | Colon Hernandez | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||
| 649 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12842326?dopt=Abstract , http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Expert_Rules/EUCAST-Expert-rules-v2-Clin_Microbiol_Infect_2013_19_141%E2%80%93160.pdf , | Serratia marcescens is intrinsicly resistant to most 2nd generation cephalosporins (cefaclor, cefuroxime) except for the cephamycin Cefoxitin. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Is this HY enough to add? I suspect not as the antibiogram may differ depending on regional selection and Step 1 has not had questions related to this specific resistance within the cephalosporin, to my knowledge. -EP | Not HY. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/05/17 4:07 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 650 | 185 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Rationale_documents/Ceftaroline_Rationale_document_v1.0_20141010.pdf , http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216993-treatment , http://www.uptodate.com/contents/cephalosporins?source=search_result&search=cephalosporins&selectedTitle=1%7E150 , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28096164 | Ceftaroline has only been licensed for CAP and cSSTI. No clinically useful 'coverage' for E. faecalis or L. monocytogenes has been proven. Combination therapy of ceftaroline + ampicilin may have slight advantage over ceftriaxon + ampicilin in the treatment of IE but has no place in treatment of enterococcal infections as a single agent. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/05/17 4:32 PM | Robert | Huis in 't Veld | mail@roberthuisintveld.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 651 | 186 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Carbapenems | mnemonic, not new information, just an easier way to remember it | Doripenem Imipenen Miropenem Ertapenem (DIME) and you only give them when the illness is a 10/10 (life-threatening infections) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Reorder the list at the top to match the mnemonic. Add to column 3 under clinical use: "DIME antibiotics are given when there is a 10/10 (life-threatening) infection." -Rachel K. | | | | 01/23/17 4:25 PM | Daniel | Sherwood | danieljswood@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 652 | 186 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Monobactams | Not needed. | AzeTREonam works by binding to penicillin-binding protein 3. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/26/17 4:44 PM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 653 | 186 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | page 186 of First Aid book 2017 | Fusion inhibitors: 'M'embrane 'En'tery inhibitors [Maraviroc, Enfuviritide] | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:20 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 654 | 186 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Carbapenems | http://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Primaxin-I-V--cilastatin-imipenem-375.2890 | Cilastatin is used with imipenem to decrease its metabolism for two reasons: 1) to prevent inactivation of the drug (mentioned in the text) and 2) because its metabolites are highly toxic to the proximal tubule. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/25/17 10:16 PM | Lee | Seifer | lseif002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 655 | 186 | Pharmacology | | | Antimicrobials | Monobactams | Not needed | Spell Aztreonam as Az-3-onam to remember penicillin binding protein 3. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | I would spell "az-three-onam" -Rachel K. | | | | 05/15/17 12:07 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 656 | 187 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Glycylcyclines | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1426172/ | On Page 187 in top right only aminoglycosides and tetracyclines are listed as 30S inhibitors. However, on the subsequent page the text now also discusses glycylcyclines, which inhibit 30S as well. | Minor erratum | Verified | If we add Tigecycline, we could make the mnemonic "Buy ATT 30, CCEL at 50" but that doesn't look as nice. Since Tigecycline is a tetracycline derivative, I think it would stand to reason that it is included in the mnemonic/explanation/statement. -IW | Reject, we are already stretching this mnemonic thin. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/18/17 5:27 PM | Naveed | Rabbani | Naveed_Rabbani@hms.harvard.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 657 | 187 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Protein synthesis | Page 184, Kaplan Pharmacology 2017. | dont eat FATS in pregnancy. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I think this is a mnemonic for antibacterials to avoid in pregnancy but a comprehensive mnemonic is listed on p. 201 -Rachel K. | | | | 05/23/17 11:04 PM | Jose Miguel | Fernandez Castillo | mlbjose2896@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 658 | 187 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Protein synthesis | Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides and Quinolones produces phototoxicity. Page 184, Kaplan Pharmacology. | "The Sun Qills (kills) me". | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This falls better under Pharm. There is already a good mnemonic on p. 241. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/24/17 10:21 AM | Jose Miguel | Fernandez Castillo | mlbjose2896@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 659 | 188 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Tetracyclines | No reference | Consider add Vibrio Cholerae at clinical use sections of Tetracyclines and Macrolides | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Mainstay of therapy is oral rehydration solution. Antibiotic use is not high yield. Rachel K | Reject. Agree with Rachel. UTD says, "Aggressive volume repletion is the mainstay of treatment for cholera." Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-cholera?source=search_result&search=cholera%20treatment&selectedTitle=1~84 This is also mentioned in SketchyMicro. -Connie Q | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 6:07 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 660 | 188 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Chloramphenicol | The 2017 copy for the drug info | ChlorampheniCOL works by inhibiting peptidylTRANSFERase. "I'll TRANSFER your COL (CALL)" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Good idea but a little bit of a reach. -Rachel K. | | | | 04/25/17 6:14 PM | Alex | Ritter | aritter@mix.wvu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 661 | 188 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Tetracyclines | First Aid 2017 | Doxycycline eliminated in do-do (feces) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change 2nd line under mechanism to say: "Doxycycline eliminated in feces (do-do)..." Make "do" bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/07/17 1:04 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 662 | 188 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Chloramphenicol | N/A | "50's Babies of Gray". For the adverse effects of chloranphenicol; (50's) is for the 50S ribosomal subunit thas it blocks and (Babies of Gray) is for the gray baby syndrome. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/18/17 4:32 PM | Evelyn | Capellan | evedcv@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 663 | 188 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | Glycylcyclines | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/tetracycline-342550#0 | Tetracycline > Mechanism of resistance > The resistant bacteria can also produce a protein that allows translation to take place even when the tetracycline is present within the bacterium. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/01/17 4:28 AM | Venkat Akhilesh | Thota | venkat.akhilesh.thota@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 664 | 188 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Mycobacteria | N/a | To remember Clindamycin treating anaerobic infections ABOVE the diaphragm vs Metronidazole BELOW --- CLean ABOVE, Mess BELOW (highlighting the capital letters) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/11/17 10:23 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 665 | 189 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Protein synthesis inhibitors | I don't have | At the end or after the aminoglycosides section: Bactericidal antibiotics in this group (Protein synthesis inhibitors) aminoglycosides, linezolid can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic and Sulfonamides when combined with Trimetropin. The remain are bacteriostatic. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is not a mnemonic suggestion. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/07/17 4:56 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 666 | 189 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | Oxazolidinones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22143525 | Linezolid MOA binds the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/15/17 4:30 AM | Austin | McCullough | austin-mccullough@ouhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 667 | 189 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Oxazolidinones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15013035; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacology-of-antimicrobial-agents-for-treatment-of-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-and-vancomycin-resistant-enterococcus?source=search_result&search=oxazolidinone&selectedTitle=1~10#H3 | Method of action of Oxazolidinones is the binding of the 23S subunit of 50S ribosomal subunit; it is NOT the subunit for Macrolides | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/10/17 8:14 PM | Anna | Bistline | akb013@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 668 | 190 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph drainage | N/A | spell para-aortic as para-aortik with emphesis on o, t, and k to help remember it's the ovaries, testes and kindeys that drain into the para-aortic nodes. Might be a stretch, but can also emphasize r in 'aortic' and r in uterus to help poor uterus fit in the mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 03/13/17 9:27 AM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 669 | 190 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Sulfonamides | https://www-clinicalkey-com.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455750177002877?scrollTo=%23hl0001399 | There is an inconsistency with the formatting of the section headers in this section. There should be a heading on the section beginning with Sulfonamides and ending with Metronidazole (pg 191) that says "DNA synthesis inhibitors." The section before is titled "Protein synthesis inhibitors" and the section after is titled "Antimycobacterial drugs" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | 01/21/17 1:26 AM | Saloni | Naik | bloomgirl27@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 670 | 190 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Dapsone | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1062640-treatment | Please add " Dermatitis Herpetiformis" in the clinical use of "Dapsone". | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. FA2017 p452 lists dapsone as tx for DH. Also, from UpToDate: "First-line therapy for DH consists of both dapsone and the elimination of gluten from the diet." (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dermatitis-herpetiformis?source=search_result&search=dermatitis%20herpetiformis&selectedTitle=1~53#H1643384165) Joe M | Accept, see refs provided. - IWu | Okay, although this is the microbiology chapter. Can add "Dermatitis herpetiformis" after PCP prophylaxis. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/24/17 1:43 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 671 | 190 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—renal/genitourinary | none needed; mnemonic | Some PP is Full of eosiNophils (Sulfonamides, Penicillins, PPIs, Furosemide, NSAIDs) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/30/17 9:46 AM | Rhodes | Hambrick | rhodeshambrick@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 672 | 191 | Immunology | | | Anatomy | Thymus | https://firstaidteam.com | "M"edu-LL-a: "M"ature T cells and Hassa-LL corpuscles | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/31/17 2:11 AM | Qianhui | Liang | bio.steph.l@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 673 | 191 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | Anaerobes | Not needed | METronidazole causes METallic taste | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Don't think this is super high yield as a mnemonic since many other drugs cause this side effect as well. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/24/17 5:57 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 674 | 191 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Hepatitis serologic markers | Uworld question ID 378 | HBeAg is implicated with an increased risk of vertical transmission of the virus. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 4:13 PM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 675 | 191 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | Fluoroquinolones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fluoroquinolones?source=search_result&search=fluoroquinolones&selectedTitle=1%7E150 | For "top-" (topoisomerase II) teeth, you "flox-" (cipro-flox-acin, levo-flox-acin, ect.) and get "Fluor-" (Fluoroquinolones) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/12/17 2:25 PM | Christine | Iglesias | christineiglesiasg@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 676 | 192 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Rifamycins | Not needed | Add another "R" to make it Rifampin's 5 R's: with "Renal (interstitial nephritis)" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is a new addition and a reference isn't provided. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/15/17 9:31 PM | Rigoberto | Tejeda | rgo.tejeda@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 677 | 192 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/seromycin-cycloserine-342660#0 | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/antituberculous-drugs-an-overview?source=search_result&search=cycloserine&selectedTitle=1~23#H2879885211 | Cycloserine: Mechanism: It is a cyclic analogue of D-alanine. It inhibits the incorporation of D-alanine into UDP-MUrNAc oligopeptide during bacterial cell wall synthesis. USE: It is a secondline drug for treating Tuberculosis. ADVERSE EFFECTS: It has a high level of ototoxicity, hence, it is rarely used. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Never seen this tested, and if it is rarely used, then I'm not sure we should add it. -IW | Agree with IW -EP | | | | 07/01/17 4:00 AM | Venkat Akhilesh | Thota | venkatakhilesh@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 678 | 193 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Isoniazid | https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682401.html | Add INH as an abbreviation for isoniazid in the 'Abberviations and Symbols' section. It's not listed elsewhere that I could see. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Add INH = isoniazid on page 685. Rachel K | Agree with Rachel. Joe M | Agree with authors: Add INH to abbreviations section. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/23/17 7:08 PM | Ann | Kim | ask128@case.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 679 | 194 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antimicrobial prophylaxis | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-rheumatic-fever-treatment-and-prevention?source=search_result&search=prophylaxis+streptococcus+pharyngitis&selectedTitle=2~96 | "Prophylaxis of strep phyryngitis in child with prior rheumatic fever" - not sure if it's not just a language barrier but I undestand it the way that in a patient with rheumatic fever we use penicillin to avoid strep pharyngitis and I think it should be reversed. | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. This is a language barrier/misinterpretation of the table. Benzathine penicillin G or oral penicillin V are used as prophylaxis against strep pharyngitis in children with a history of rheumatic fever. http://reference.medscape.com/article/1007946-medication#2 Rachel K | Reject. Perfectly fine and clear as is. -Connie Q | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/12/17 7:10 AM | Denisa | Pavlíčková | denisapavlickova@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 680 | 195 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Amphotericin B | Nothing required | Since amphotericin B forms pores in cell membrane your could use the term amPOREtericin B rather than the idea you've given to make it easier | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/30/17 9:00 AM | Mukunthan | Murthi | mukunthan338@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 681 | 196 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antihelminthic therapy | None. | Helminths get PIMP'D (Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Mebendazole, Pyrantel pamoate, Diethylcarbamazine) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add: "Helminths get PIMP'D (Praziquantel, Ivermectin, Mebendazole, Pyrantel pamoate, Diethylcarbamazine)" "PIMP'D" and the first letter of each drug name should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/07/17 9:42 AM | Ankeet | Vakharia | ankeet.vakharia@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 682 | 196 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antifungal therapy | Not needed | to remember Griseofulvin interferes with microtubule function, read it: GriseoTUBULin | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add the following in after the first phrase: "("griseo-tubule-in")" -Rachel K. | | | | 01/24/17 6:16 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 683 | 196 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antifungal therapy | Not needed | to remember Echinocandins(end in -fungin) inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of B-glucan: making a WALL with CANDY(B-glucan) is FUN(-FUNgin) ! | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This mnemonic is confusing since we are inhibiting cell wall synthesis, not making a cell wall. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/24/17 6:32 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 684 | 196 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Anti-mite/louse therapy | First Aid 2016 pg183 | Permethrin actually blocks Na channels, disrupting membrane depolarization. Currently, it is read as if permethrin leads to depolarization | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. This isn't well written in FA2017. Change to "Permethrin (inhibits Na+ channels -> neuronal membrane depolarization)..." Rachel K | Agree with Rachel, though UpToDate says that it delays repolarization, not causes depolarization. Small but important distinction. "Inhibits sodium ion influx through nerve cell membrane channels in parasites resulting in delayed repolarization and thus paralysis and death of the pest" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/permethrin-drug-information?source=preview&search=permethrin&anchor=F208520#F208520 Joe M | Agree with authors. Not an erratum, clarification. Please change "neuronal membrane depolarization via Na+ channels" to "inhibits Na+ channels --> neuronal membrane depolarization." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/06/17 6:42 PM | Gilberto | Aquino | gilberto_1902@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 685 | 196 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antifungal therapy | no need | Echinocandins => to make them easier to remember, the letters "can" can be capitalized and/or written in another color=>so EchinoCANdins work on B-gluCAN and are used in CANdida | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/27/17 9:55 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 686 | 197 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Oseltamivir, zanamivir | Not needed. | oseltAMIVIR, zanAMIVIR both inhibit neurAMInidase. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/27/17 4:50 PM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 687 | 198 | Abbreviations and Symbols | | | Antimicrobials | Cidofovir | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cidofovir-an-overview?source=search_result&search=cidofovir&selectedTitle=5~63 | Page 198 in 2017: Your text states that Cidofovir does not require phosphorylation to be activated. That is not true. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/05/17 12:31 PM | Joel | Edwall | joeledwall@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 688 | 199 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | Not needed | maraviroC: binds CCR5 | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The current mnemonics help point out the differences between the fusion inhibitors. While the binding site is also important, I think highlighting the differences is more important. -Rachel K. | | | | 01/24/17 6:07 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 689 | 199 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | Not Needed | Better Mnemonic for “Enfuvirtide inhibits fusion” is “Enfuvirtide inhibits fusion by binding gp Forty one” | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Don't see how this is any better. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/08/17 12:47 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 690 | 199 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | None needed. | All NNRTIs have "vir" in the middle of their name. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change "vir" to bold red text for th NNRTIs. -Rachel K. | | | | 06/09/17 2:21 PM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 691 | 199 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284095/ | Immune reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Seen in some HIV/AIDS patients who experience a rise in CD4 T-cell count following initiation of HAART. Increase in CD4 T-cells may cause the immune system to generate an exaggerated inflammatory response against previous or current opportunistic infections. Presents as constitutional symptoms (i.e. high fever) weeks to months after initiation of HAART. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure whether this is tested, maybe? Defer to 2019. -IW | IRIS is maybe a Step 2 topic... maybe. I don't think this has been tested at all.. at least not routinely in my findings. We can always discuss this on Annotate. -EP | | | | 07/04/17 12:25 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 692 | 199 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV | not needed | Efavirenz Dleavirdine (ED)- contraindicated in pregnancy, ED=Erectile Dysfunction, not good for pregnancy | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 8:22 AM | Bharat | Rawlley | bharat_m_all@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 693 | 199 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV | Katzung, Bertram G. and Anthony J. Trevor (Eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 13th Ed. McGraw-Hill Education, Chicago: 2015 | 1) For indinavir, nephrolithiasis is more descriptive than nephropathy (though one can go into the other). 2) Also, a very common side effect not mentioned is hyperbilirubinemia. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, leave as is. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 09/12/17 8:57 PM | Carleigh | Hebbard | chebbard1@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 694 | 200 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Disinfection and sterilization | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88911/ | The entry on Chlorhexidine mentions how it disrupts cell membranes and denatures proteins. Chlorhexidine also causes coagulation of the cytosol of cells. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. The big picture from the cited article is that chlorhexidine causes disruption of cell membranes which affects membrane permeability, causing cell death. Coagulation of the cytosol is not high yield mechanism of chlorhexidine. Rachel K | I vaguely remember this fact in UW because it tripped me up as well. At low concentrations, it disrupts cell membranes and is bacteriostatic. At high concentrations, it coagulates cytosol and is bactericidal. May not be HY enough to include, but if someone can find the UW QID, or the UW chart on disinfectants, it might be worth adding? Otherwise, the currently entry is fine. Another source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chlorhexidine-gluconate-drug-information?source=search_result&search=chlorhexidine&selectedTitle=1~150 -Connie Q | Low yield, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/02/17 10:16 AM | Jesse | Frye | jtfrye61@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 695 | 200 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Hepatitis C therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4231565/ | Sofosbuvir is A NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Replace the mechanism of sofosbuvir with "Inhibits NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of HCV acting as a chain terminator" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4231565/ Rachel K | Reject. While true, I believe adding "NS5B" to the description is too low-yield. Though while we're talking about Sofosbuvir, it is a prodrug which isn't mentioned in FA. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sofosbuvir-drug-information?source=preview&search=sofosbuvir&anchor=F23622017#F23622017 Joe M | Reject, low yield - I will comment on the other things mentioned by Joe on Annotate. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/08/17 6:29 PM | Ogaga | Urhie | ourhie@mix.wvu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 696 | 200 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Hepatitis C therapy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-regimens-for-chronic-hepatitis-c-virus-genotype-1-infection-in-adults?source=search_result&search=Harvoni&selectedTitle=4~28 | Harvoni (Ledipasvir / sofosbuvir) is a new drug that has been approved for the treatment (cure) of HCV. It "cures" 99% of people with HCV genotype 1 (negative RNA by PCR 12 weeks after treatment cessation). This is becoming standard of care, and as such, Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir should be added to the list of therapies. The sofosbuvir is listed, but not ledipasvir. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Ledipasvir has been added. -IW | Agree with IW. No change needed. -EP | | | | 05/09/17 8:27 PM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 697 | 200 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Hepatitis C therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/280136 | In addition to the current mechanism of Ribavirin, please add that one of its main modes of action is to act as a guanosine analogue (nucleoside) that inhibits RNA synthesis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is basically what is stated in our current text now (pass 2). -IW | No change needed -EP | | | | 06/10/17 1:12 PM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 698 | 200 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Interferons | No need for reference | INF-(G) for C(G)D if you can bold the G's i think it would be good way to remember | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 9:47 AM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | Msq995@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 699 | 201 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antimicrobials to avoid in pregnancy | N/A | Minor, but I think would make this mnemonic better: switch around Chloramphenicol and Clarithromycin as the "CH" in Children fits better with CHloramphenicol and then make the "Ch" red instead of just the C. Makes it easier to remember that chloramphenicol is the drug and not some other C antibiotic (e.g. Cephalosporins) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/06/17 3:50 PM | Scott | Shuldiner | shuldiner@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 700 | 204 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Apoptosis | None needed. | The "cl" in Bcl stands for "continue living", in reference to it being an anti-apoptotic protein. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/17/17 7:55 PM | christopher | kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 701 | 205 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Necrosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430935/ http://www.pathwaymedicine.org/coagulative-necrosis Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease ,10th edition page 43 Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition page 43 Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th Ed. 2010. Pg. 15 USMLEWorld,LLC step1 qid 178 | under Coagulative necrosis it says "proteins denature, then enzymatic degradation"...it should be other way round - enzymes denature first then proteins because structural integrity is maintained only because enzymes cannot denature the cellular proteins | Major erratum | Verified | Agree that this is confusing. Proteolysis doesn't occurs because enzymes denature --> preserved tissue structure. Suggest changing"protein denature , then enzymatic degradation" to "injury denatures enzymes --> proteolysis blocked" --Majed | | | 20 | | 08/07/17 2:13 PM | Anubhav | Sood | anubhavsood89@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 702 | 205 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Necrosis | Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of disease 10 edition https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430935/ http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CINJHTML/CINJ020.html http://www.pathwaymedicine.org/liquifactive-necrosis | under Liquefactive necrosis it says "enzymatic degradation first, then proteins denature". I could not find any reference where it says enzymatic denaturation happens first followed by cellular protein denaturation, rather most authoritative sources mention that the majority of cellular protein denaturation is brought about by neutrophils via release of lysosomal enzymes.This cannot be possible if the enzyme gets denatured first. "It is seen in focal bacterial or, occasionally, fungal infections, because microbes stimulate the accumulation of leukocytes and the liberation of enzymes from these cells." from Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of disease 10 edition This line is ambiguous, please consider editing /removing it altogether in 2018 edition | Major erratum | Verified | Agree. Suggest deleting "enzymatic degradation first, then proteins denature" --Majed | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 3 of the Liquefactive row, delete “enzymatic degradation first, then proteins denature.” | | 20 | | 08/07/17 2:38 PM | Anubhav | S | prep4mle89@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 703 | 208 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Types of calcification | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2952095/ | Calciphylaxis: Calcific uremic arteriopathy: Vascular calcification, thrombosis, skin necrosis. Associated to chronic renal disease requiring kidney transplant. Poor wound healing. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject - I think it's low-yield. - It's uncommon. Affects 1-4% of ESRD patients ( http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1095481-overview#a6 ) - It's a skin condition related to ESRD. So, it doesn't belong here. It’s listed as an example in the table and I think that's enough. A detailed entry would be more appropriate in the dermatology or renal chapters. -Majed | Agreed with Majed. I do not feel that calciphylaxis is high yield enough to deserve its own entry, especially in the Pathology chapter. The mention under the "Metastatic calcification" column should suffice. --VB | It is already mentioned under the "Types of calcification" fact, although we do not define it. I'm OK not adding its own entry. At best, you could just define it briefly in parentheses on page 208. But have to agree, likely lower yield and can defer this year. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/11/17 11:41 AM | Lenisse Miguelina | Reyes Reyes | lenisse0105@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 704 | 209 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Leukocyte extravasation | None. | PECAM-1 (CD31) can be remembered as going w/ diaPEdesis (bold in red the PE's) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Helpful in distinguishing all the receptors - CC | | | | 01/02/17 11:49 AM | Ankeet | Vakharia | ankeet.vakharia@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 705 | 209 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Lymphocyte | Robbins and Cotran (9e. Ch 3) | I would suggest updating the diagram on leukocyte extravasation. Listing cellular adhesion molecules in the table (like P-selectin and PECAM-1) while omitting them from the figure is confusing. Including PECAM-1 during the diapedesis step on the illustration seems especially important. I would also reccomend including cytokines in the illustration. Robbins and Cotran has an excellent figure that could be used as a guide. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | There’s already a deferred request on annotate and the figure is being/will be revised for the 2018 edition? -Majed | Agreed with the suggested edit. The diagram labels some of the molecules mentioned in the table (E-selectin, Sialyl-Lewisx, LFA-1, ICAM-1) but does not mention others (PECAM-1, some representative cytokines). I also don't like how ICAM-1 and LFA-1 are labelled on their second appearance in the diagram rather than on the first. --VB | Agree, we should consider revising this document this year as per both this suggestion and the one already on Annotate (not quite duplicates as they have slightly different foci). Accepting for migration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 8:38 PM | Spencer | Brodsky | sbrodsky@gwu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 706 | 209 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Leukocyte extravasation | not needed | To remember that PECAM-1 receptors are involved in diapedesis, think of the leukocytes "peaking" through the endothelium (PEAKam-1). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Also like this one too. Can't decide between this one and the one above - CC | | | | 03/10/17 7:52 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 707 | 209 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Leukocyte extravasation | None required | Chemotactic products - "He came at 5 am and ate before crying at the Physician Award Finals" (please see attached Word document) | Mnemonic | Verified | ?? missing the word document - CC | | | | 04/24/17 11:23 PM | Terumbur | Abwa | terumbur@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 708 | 209 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Leukocyte extravasation | mnemonic | diaPEdesis, "PE"CAM-1. “ped” is the latin root for “foot”. So the leukocyte is putting its “foot” between the endothelial cells. “PED” and “PE”CAM go together. Also "V"CAM-1 pairs with "V"LA-4 integrin. Lastly, it might be useful to add that CAM stands for “Cellular Adhesion Molecule”, which would help students remember that the CAMs are for adhesion and diapedesis. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/28/17 4:43 PM | Sami | Hashmi | sami.hashmi@northwestern.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 709 | 210 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Scar formation | http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380878500_Cheng%20et%20al.pdf | Hypertrophic scar is excess type I collagen (NOT type III) | Minor erratum | Verified | Eh...I think they might be right. I checked PubMed. Relevant part below (HS = hypertrophic scar). Could benefit from faculty input too. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4173836/ -AZ "Differential diagnosis can also be made on the basis of the collagen fiber composition: in keloids, type I procollagen levels are increased (compared to normal skin), and this is paralleled with an increase in its messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. However, type III procollagen mRNA levels are unaltered. Thus, the type I/III procollagen mRNA ratio in keloids is markedly elevated (22.1) relative to the ratio in normal skin (5.2).20 By contrast, as shown by another study, in HS, the type I/III collagen ratio is on average 7.73; this is significantly lower than the ratio of keloids (17.28) and similar to the ratio of normal skin (6.28). The pretranscriptional regulation of collagen I production is impaired in both scar types, whereas the posttranscriptional regulation is impaired in keloids only.21 | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Douglas Mata | I don't really know why we teach this distinction to students, as both scar types (hypertrophic and keloid) have some type I and some type III collagen depending on age. You can actually find reports that suggest conflicting answers to this question (i.e., some papers claim that hypertrophic scars have more type I collagen, while others claim that they have more type III collagen). Anyway, the paper they have cited here is not something I would base a fact in First AID on. It's a single institution report published in a journal that has no impact factor. I would instead point them to this paper, published in Molecular Medicine, which has an impact factor of almost 5: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022978/#b6-09_153_gauglitz It states: Histologically, both hypertrophic scars and keloids contain an overabundance of dermal collagen. Hypertrophic scars contain primarily type III collagen oriented parallel to the epidermal surface with abundant nodules containing myofibroblasts, large extracellular collagen filaments and plentiful acidic mucopolysaccharides (6). Keloid tissue, in contrast, is mostly composed of disorganized type I and III collagen, containing pale-staining hypocellular collagen bundles with no nodules or excess myofibroblasts (Table 1) (6,16). Here is a link to the relevant table: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022978/table/t1-09_153_gauglitz/ And here is a link to another trustworthy review of keloids and hypertrophic scars: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16914994 They state: Other differences between these lesions include histological evidence that hypertrophic scars contain primarily type III collagen oriented parallel to the epidermal surface with abundant nodules containing myofibroblasts and large extracellular collagen filaments. In contrast, keloid tissue is composed of disorganized type I and III, pale-staining hypocellular collagen bundles with no nodules or excess myofibroblasts. So, bottom line is, literature supports that hypertrophic scars contain primarily type III collagen. So the textbook is correct as is, no need for errata | kristinekrafts@gmail.com | I agree with Doug, and I recall debating this point before publication. There were several articles in reputable publications that supported our statements; if we save the data on Annotate you can see the discussion. I would not reverse our carefully thought out wording based on a single article from the African Journal of Biotechnology. | Reject | | In the Scar Formation fact table, column 2 (Hypertrophic Scar) row 2 (Collagen Synthesis), replace "type III collagen" with "type I collagen" Dr. Mata recommends NOT including this in published errata. WE WILL NOT INCLUDE THIS IN THE ERRATA. | | | 02/09/17 12:47 PM | Fasil | Mathews | fam30@pitt.edu | | | |||||||
| 710 | 210 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Scar formation | Pathoma | Under hypertrophic scar formation, is says that there is an increase in type 3 collagen. According to Pathoma and other sources, it is type 1 collagen. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/11/17 7:52 PM | Ariella | Kashi | ak898@scarletmail.rutgers.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 711 | 210 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Scar formation | Pathoma | Hypertrophic scars are mainly composed of type I collagen not type III | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate and already rejected | | | | 04/29/17 1:22 PM | Kylie | Grady | kyliegrady@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 712 | 211 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Wound healing | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6252304 | Delayed wound healing during remodeling phase is seen in zinc deficiency because zinc is the cofactor for collagenase which is the enzyme that converts type III collagen to type I collagen. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept - Pathoma and other review books emphasize this point. That is, collagenase (a zinc-requiring metalloprotease) breaks down type III collagen during scar formation. I don’t think “convert” is accurate though. Collagen fragments are phagocytosed by macrophages and fibroblasts. (Ross histology 6th e, page 168; Robbins basic pathology 9th e, page 68; pathoma 2016 page 21) Majed | Agree with MA. Suggested edit: "Delayed wound healing in zinc deficiency (due to less functional collagenase, a zinc-requiring protein)" --VB | Yes, this is a higher-yield point, I agree with both of the authors and appreciate the good references supplied to back this up. Let us put forth an edit as proposed by Vijay. Agree with migration over to Annotate. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/12/17 10:23 AM | Marcela Marie | Luna | marcelalunacmd@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 713 | 211 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Biliary tract disease | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-prognosis-of-primary-biliary-cholangitis-primary-biliary-cirrhosis | Under Granulomatous diseases Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is now renamed Primary Biliary Cholangitis | Minor erratum | Verified | We already changed this. --Majed | | | | 06/13/17 11:09 AM | Lance | Alquran | dralquran@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 714 | 212 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Exudate vs transudate | DIT | Transudate is Transparent and Exudate has Extra stuff in it | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and memorable - CC | | | | 04/14/17 8:20 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 715 | 212 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Exudate vs transudate | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnostic-evaluation-of-a-pleural-effusion-in-adults-initial-testing#H8 | think ex"ooze"ate (because thicker, cloudy) vs transudate is "transparent" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above - CC | | | | 05/03/17 11:17 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 716 | 212 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Exudate vs transudate | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172232-overview | Exsudate --> high protein content = Eggsudate; Transudate = translucent, because of hypocellular clear appearance | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/02/17 12:36 PM | Maresa Dorothee | Berns | maresa.berns@stud.pmu.ac.at | | | |||||||||||||||
| 717 | 212 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | Www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199102073240601#t=article | Low ESR is seen these days in less than 10% of CHF patients and is indicative of worse prognosis or advanced condition of the disease, rather than the presence of CHF itself. Even the most important determinant in this reduced ESR is not LV dysfunction but rather RA pressure increase. Fibrinogen is the primary determinant and the volume expansion may lead to dilution of fibrinogen and increased increased intrahepatic sinusoidal pressure, resulting from increased RA pressures, may lead to reduced fibrinogen as well. This fall in ESR is reversed with treatment. As the test is also readily affected by comorbidities associated with CHF as wel it holds little discriminatory power in routine management. | Major erratum | Verified | Our statement is accurate. Provided reference states that it can be low in HF. | | | | 07/19/17 4:22 AM | Tejasav | Sehrawat | tejasav@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 718 | 212 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.cc.uic.edu/contents/acute-phase-reactants?source=machineLearning&search=erythrocyte%20sedimentation%20rate&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H9#H9 | Roughly aggregates settle at a faster rate than particles because of increased hydrodynamic radius. While the authors are not incorrect in saying that a greater density will result in a higher settling velocity, the much larger contribution is the result of the increased hydrodynamic volume of the settling aggregate over the particle. This relationship is illustrated when solving stokes law for terminal velocity. In the resultant equation (pulled from the wikipedia entry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%27_law) velocity increases only proportionally to the difference in settling species density and fluid density, while velocity increases proportionately to radius squared when using a spherical approximation. This explanation makes it more clear why sickle cells will settle at decreased rates, their density should be approximately the same as other RBCs, but it’s their smaller hydrodynamic radius that leads to their slower sedimentation time. I’d also like to add that I’m a huge fan of First Aid and it has been a HUGE help to my studies! Thank you! | Minor erratum | | | | 10/29/17 7:00 PM | John | Marsiglio | jmarsig2@uic.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 719 | 213 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Amyloidosis | not needed | Under the Organ-specific section, it reads, "Amyloid deposition to ventricular endomyocardium..." This is grammatically incorrect, and the "to" should be changed to "in". | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Minor but accept. - Jesse | Agree with Jesse. Would also be consistent with the line under it, "Calcitonin deposition in..." --VB | Nitpicky, but agree it reads better, accept change. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/10/17 11:35 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 720 | 213 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Amyloidosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/medullary-thyroid-cancer-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-staging | Organ-specific: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid presents with tumor cells surrounded by calcitonin/amyloid deposits. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We already have this. --Majed | | | | 04/25/17 11:26 AM | Anthony | Naquin | naquinanthony@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 721 | 213 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Amyloidosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus?source=search_result&search=islet%20amyloid%20polypeptide&selectedTitle=2~14#H7 | Under Organ-specific amyloidosis, one of the lines says that IAPP is caused by deposition of amylin in pancreatic islets. IAPP and amylin are two names for the same hormone; also amylin is not deposited in the pancreas, but rather stored in insulin secretory granules where it is co-secreted with insulin. In diabetic patients, the amount of IAPP/amylin in the pancreas is higher than normal. | Minor erratum | Verified | No error. Ref: Robbins 9e | | | | 07/25/17 10:36 PM | Kurt | Leininger | kurtleininger7@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 722 | 216 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Cancer epidemiology | https://surveillance.cancer.gov/prevalence/statistics.html | Skin is NOT the most common cancer by either incidence or prevalence. Breast or prostate is. I think this should be clarified to: of skin cancers, basal>squamous>>melanoma in incidence. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject - According to American Cancer Society and United States Cancer Statistics, skin cancer (when including BCC and SCC) is the most common cancer. Because most skin cancers (minus melanoma) are not reported or tracked by cancer registries, they're usually excluded from published data. Majed Alghamdi | Agree with MA. "Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States". --VB https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/statistics/ https://www.aad.org/media/stats/conditions/skin-cancer | Skin is by and large most common, it is just not particularly deadly in many cases and can go unnoticed for long periods of time. I skimmed the user's link, it does not appear (at least on my limited search) to include skin cancers such as basal cell and squamous cell. That may be why he obtained the results he did. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/23/17 7:19 PM | Ann | Kim | ask128@case.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 723 | 216 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Cancer epidemiology | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948665-overview | In cancer epidemiology table, second most common cancer related to children group's incidence and mortality is written as "BRAIN AND CNS"..but brain and spinal cord both included in CNS so i think brain should be removed.. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Suggest changing "Brain and CNS" to "CNS". | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Delete “Brain and” from item 2 in column 4 of both the Cancer incidence and Cancer mortality rows. | | 5 | | 05/13/17 6:35 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 724 | 216 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Cancer epidemiology | https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2017/estimated-deaths-for-the-four-major-cancers-by-sex-and-age-group-2017.pdf | According to Cancer Facts and Figures 2017, Prostate Cancer is 3rd and Colorectal Carcinoma is 2nd among men for causing Cancer Deaths. | Major erratum | Verified | Suggested leaving as is. These are projected numbers. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html | | | | 08/27/17 11:40 AM | Suvrankar | Datta | suvrankar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 725 | 216 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Tumor grade vs stage | Mnemonic | Med students always want a *different grade* (grade=differentiation). *Spread* out on *stage*! (stage=spread/metastasis) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/18/17 9:00 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 726 | 217 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Paraneoplastic syndromes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/malignancy-in-dermatomyositis-and-polymyositis, UWORLD | Dermatomyositis may occur alone or as a paraneoplastic syndrome of an underlying malignancy. The most commonly associated cancers include ovarian, lung, colorectal, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms may precede the diagnosis of malignancy but often parallel the course of the cancer. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject - It is already mentioned in the dermatomyositis fact (page 445) that it is associated with increased risk of occult malignancy. Majed Alghamdi | I am actually in favor of adding in dermatomyositis as a paraneoplastic syndrome here. While it is true that on pg 445, there is a mention of increased risk of malignancy for dermatomyositis, I feel more comfortable directly associating it with the term "paraneoplastic syndrome" - it isn't always one, but it can be, and the test-makers like to go after that sometimes. An alternative to this suggestion is using the term "paraneoplastic syndrome" in the dermatomyositis entry on page 445 and omitting the entry here altogether. Suggested edit under Cutaneous: Description/Mechanism: heliotrope rash, Gottron's papules; Most commonly associated cancer(s): Ovarian cancer and other visceral malignances https://www.uptodate.com/contents/malignancy-in-dermatomyositis-and-polymyositis --VB | I am in favor of adding this to our list of paraneoplastic syndromes. It has in fact been well-documented as a paraneoplastic syndrome that arises with a new malignancy and proceeds to resolve once the malignancy is treated. For example, see this case report: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495251/ There are others too. Thus, I agree to add to the list. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/07/17 3:02 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 727 | 217 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Tumor grade vs stage | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2588179/ https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uterine-leiomyomas-fibroids-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-natural-history?source=search_result&search=leiomyom&selectedTitle=1~150 | hematologist-polycythemia- last column "hemangioblastoma and leiomyoma" are no or at least not necessarily cancers following WHO, Uptodate and other parts in FA (p.216). I find it a non-fitting description "most commonly associated cancers" in this column. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I actually agree. Should we change cancer(s) to tumor(s)? Majed | | | 5 | | 06/01/17 5:41 AM | Maresa Dorothee | Berns | maresa.berns@stud.pmu.ac.at | | | |||||||||||||
| 728 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Multiple endocrine neoplasias | made up | Tumor suppressor gene: MEN1 Associated Condition: MEN 1 Gene Product: MEN1n “MENIN” | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Could even be done with colors instead of capitalization - CC | | | | 02/26/17 10:57 PM | Lance | Alquran | lancealquran@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 729 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Oncogenes | not needed | Rule of 2: MEN 1 is due to loss of tumor suppressor gene, loss of TWO genes is needed. 1*2=2 . MEN 2: due to oncogene, mutation in ONE gene is needed. 2*1=2 | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. A tad complicated to transfer from creator to user and also seems like it's general knowledge that we're encoding in a specific section (MEN 1/2) - CC | | | | 04/03/17 12:19 PM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 730 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | First Aid 2017 | PTEN: Prostate cancer, Tatas’ (breast) cancer, Endometrial cancer | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like how it uses the concept itself to cue the answers - CC | | | | 05/07/17 11:35 AM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 731 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Lung cancer | Mnemonic | Remember ALK oncogene mutation goes with lung adenocarcinoma by "Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Kinase" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Same as above - CC | | | | 05/14/17 9:47 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 732 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | NEW FACT | Mnemonic | TSC2 gene product lost is "Two-berin" (tuberin), to keep it separate from TSC1, which is "hamartin" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Good use of homophones - CC | | | | 05/14/17 9:50 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 733 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Oncogenes | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/282276-overview#a4 . Also mentioned on page 330 of First Aid 2017. | Under associated neoplasms for the RET oncogene, medullary thyroid cancer can be replaced with papillary thyroid cancer, since medullary thyroid cancer is included in MEN 2A and 2B. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. proposed change "medullary thyroid cancer" to "papillary thyroid carcinoma" | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 3 of the RET row, replace “medullary thyroid carcinoma” with “papillary thyroid carcinoma.” | | 5 | | 05/15/17 6:32 PM | Elizabeth Ann | Chu | elizabeth.a.chu@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 734 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1452/ | RB1 is the correct name of the gene, Rb is the protein product | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. No error as both are acceptable. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/RB1#synonyms | | | | 09/03/17 12:05 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 735 | 218 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/molecular-pathogenesis-of-exocrine-pancreatic-cancer | DPC4 and SMAD4 are two different names of the same gene. I would be more appropriate to add one of them in a parenthesis and don't use the / to seperate them (/ is used in BRCA1/BRCA2, which are two different genes) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. It's not an error but for consistency. See this article that uses / in the name. http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/7/12/3853 | | | | 09/03/17 12:08 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 736 | 218 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Colonic polyps | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/familial-adenomatous-polyposis/basics/definition/CON-20035680 | POLYP has 5 letters so in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, APC gene mutation on Chromosome 5 | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Memorable - CC | | | | 03/24/17 1:12 PM | Hassan | Liaqat | hla_32@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 737 | 219 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Carcinogens | UpToDate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/invasive-cervical-cancer-epidemiology-risk-factors-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=cervical%20CA&selectedTitle=1~150 | In contrast to squamous cell cancer of the cervix, cigarette smoking is not associated with a significantly increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the cervix compared with nonsmokers (squamous cell carcinoma: RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.35-1.66; adenocarcinoma: RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70-1.05) | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Suggest changing "cervical carcinoma" to "squamous cell carcinoma" | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 3 of the Cigarette smoke row, delete “Cervical carcinoma.” | | 10 | | 07/05/17 3:44 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | ||||||||||
| 738 | 220 | Pathology | | | Pathology | Serum tumor markers | http://www.cancer.net/research-and-advocacy/asco-care-and-treatment-recommendations-patients/tumor-markers-testicular-cancer-and-extragonadal-germ-cell-tumors-teenage-boys-and-men; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530363 | LDH in testicular tumors before orchiectomy | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept - UTD and Robbins agree that serum LDH is valuable in testicular germ cell tumors specially for risk stratification. It's elevated in 40-60% of men with testicular GCT (UTD). -This association between testicular GCTs and serum LDH is not mentioned in the testicular germ cell tumors fact on page 618 or anywhere else in the book. It can also be elevated in dysgerminoma, which is mentioned on page 611. -I suggest that we either add it here or to the the testicular germ cell tumors fact on page 618. -Majed (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/serum-tumor-markers-in-testicular-germ-cell-tumors) | Agreed with MA. Suggest adding LDH as a tumor marker for testicular GCT in this section rather than on p. 618. --VB | I support adding it as well. Bear in mind, however, that LDH is associated with other malignancies. For example, certain hematological ones. Thus, if we are adding it, make sure we account for ALL high-yield tumor types likely to be tested in association with LDH. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/23/17 11:25 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||
| 739 | 220 | Pathology | | | Pathology | Serum tumor markers | FA 2017 pg 454 | S-100 as tumor marker in melanoma | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject - S-100 is not a serum marker. Majed | S-100 is classically an immunohistochemical biomarker. However, I disagree with MA that S-100 is not a serum marker. "S100, used commonly as an immunohistochemical biomarker, as mentioned previously, also can be used as a serologic biomarker. While of limited value in early melanoma detection, elevated S100B levels have been found to be an indicator of advanced clinical disease stage. Elevated S100B levels in advanced melanoma patients have been associated with metastasis, treatment response, relapse, and overall survival". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086529/ The question then is whether or not one thinks this is high yield. I defer to others' judgement here, but I am leaning towards rejecting this revision. --VB | Interesting, did not know that S-100 could be used as a serum marker. That was an interesting read. Nonetheless, I have to agree, I'm not sure if knowing that is high-yield. I've never ever seen mention of a serum S-100 marker. And even the immunohistochemical staining is hardly specific and clinically not relied upon for the diagnosis. I'm thus inclined to call this lower-yield, but would be okay with us letting the crowd vote on it to get other opinions. Will therefore accept for further debate on Annotate. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/23/17 11:27 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 740 | 220 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Serum tumor markers | not needed | Alpha-fetoprotein: HE-MAN is the Alpha male!- Hepatocellular carcinoma, Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor, Mixed germ cell tumor, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Neural tube defects | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. 1) a common value that jumps out so would be helpful to be able to recall this list and 2) the acronym itself is semantically tied to "alpha" - CC | | | | 04/03/17 11:44 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 741 | 220 | Pathology | | | Pathology | Serum tumor markers | not needed | Alpha Fetoprotein DOWN (low level) in DOWNS Syndrome | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/20/17 9:06 AM | Bharat | Rawlley | bharat_m_all@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 742 | 221 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Common metastases | not needed | Common metastases to bone: "Lead Kettle" PBKTL = Prostate, Bone, Lung, Thyroid, Kidney. The paragraph about whether the lesion is lytic or blastic should also be organized from most to least frequency. The order currently seems to be random. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I've seen this elsewhere too. I also like that it's organized blastic -> mixed -> lytic. - CC | | | | 03/17/17 3:52 PM | Jackson | Bell | jacksonbell10@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 743 | 221 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | NEW FACT | This is included in First Aid for Step 1, but the mnemonic is not original and is used in other sources. | "RH Factor Compatible" as a mnemonic for the 4 carcinomas that metastasize hematogenously (Renal cell carcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, and Choriocarcinoma) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept, with reservations. I feel like the mnemonic itself is misleading about what it's encoding, and thus has built in confusion, something to be avoided - CC | | | | 05/07/17 5:03 PM | Christopher | Thomas | thomasofchris@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 744 | 221 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Common metastases | n/a | To remember which cancers metastasize to bone, and which of those are lytic vs. blastic. Just remember BP-LTK for Breast, Prostate - Lung, Thyroid, Kidney. BP are both Blastic (both begin with B), and LTK are LyTiK (lytic). Alternatively, you can just remember that LTK are LyTiK, and then prostate and breast must be blastic. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/22/17 5:29 PM | Chelsea | Powell | cpowell3@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 745 | 223 | Pharmacology | | | Antimicrobials | New Quote | Brainy Quote App on Playstore | "If they can make penicillin out of moulding bread, they sure can make something out of you" - Muhammad Ali | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Nice quote! I think we already have a decent selection of quotes at the beginning of this chapter, though. I am not in favour of including this one (unless other authors feel strongly about removing one of the existing quotes). - Sarah | Reject. I think we've already got some good quotes there. But thanks for the suggestion. -Vasily | Not bad, but since low author interest and we already have a good number of quality quotes, OK to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/07/17 1:31 AM | Rajat | Dhand | rajatdhand@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 746 | 224 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | NEW FACT | my first supporting proff is the table on the same page as the incorrect graph . second see https://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=AwrB8qCn8fhYF1oAvBeJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTIycnA1bjR2BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAMzYzhmYzBkMzUzZDQ0MGUzMjQxODA4ZGM0NzQ3ZGExMgRncG9zAzEEaXQDYmluZw--?.origin=&back=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dchart%2Bof%2Bmedals%2Bmenten%2Breversible%2Bcurve%2Binhibition%26norw%3D1%26n%3D60%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3Dmcafee%26fr2%3Dsp-qrw-corr-top%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D1&w=251&h=216&imgurl=kimberlybiochemist.files.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F03%2Fmichaelis_menten2.gif&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fkimberlybiochemist.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fmichaelis-menten-curve%2F&size=+3.3KB&name=Michaelis_Menten2&p=chart+of+medals+menten+reversible+curve+inhibition&oid=3c8fc0d353d440e3241808dc4747da12&fr2=sp-qrw-corr-top&fr=mcafee&tt=Michaelis_Menten2&b=0&ni=160&no=1&ts=&tab=organic&norw=1&sigr=124a9gu6d&sigb=15615tjov&sigi=124lv4u8a&sigt=10hhj0acf&sign=10hhj0acf&.crumb=qsYrCKrWLhi&fr=mcafee&fr2=sp-qrw-corr-top&norw=1 | The graph provided implies that the Km of a michaels manten competitive inhibition (reversible) curve stays the same – which is incorrect. The Km would shift to the right along the [S] axis (or X axis) during competitive inhibition. The table on the bottom the page has it correct, but the graph is misleading. | Clarification to current text | Verified | As I understand, the reader is referring to the graph which is the second from the top. I don't find the graph misleading, as the Km clearly refers to the orange line. I see two options: 1. leave the graphs as they are now, 2. add Km and Vmax for every line in the graph. I personally would prefer to leave the graphs as they are, as they seem pretty intuitive to me. And I wouldn't say that they suggest that Km is the same for the orange and the green lines. Moreover, the table at the bottom of the page gives a nice summary of how various inhibitors affect Km. But I would be glad to read other authors' comments. -Vasily | I agree with Vasily - the reviewer is misreading graph #2. We can leave it as is. Alternatively, we can mark 1/2 Vmax on the y axis but remove the dashed lines. This way readers can draw their own lines from 1/2 Vmax to identify Km for each of the curves. - Sarah | Thank you, authors. I tend to agree. It looks like the main issue here is the submitting student's misinterpretation of graph #2, which as is stands correct and does not require any changes. As there is not really much needing change and to add more labels would increase clutter (and therefore, potentially, have a detrimental effect on interpreting the graphs/using them for learning), I would favor not making any additional changes at this time. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/20/17 1:38 PM | Moshe | Nathan | nathanmoshe@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 747 | 224 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Enzyme kinetics | Lippincott Illustrated Reviews, Pharmacology 6th Page 34 | To be more specific, please change noncompetitive inhibitors to allosteric inhibitors in the table . Lippincott pharmacology: Irreversible antagonists and allosteric antagonists are both considered noncompetitive antagonists. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not sure I agree, but will migrate over for consideration by crowd. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 04/29/17 7:31 AM | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | | | |||||||||||
| 748 | 225 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Dosage calculations | Mnemonic | Loading Dose = CV/F --> think upLOAD your CV. For Maintenance Dose = (C*Cl*t)/F think MAINTAIN a C to stay CLEAR of Trouble. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 05/06/17 4:16 PM | Louis | Ma | louisma93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 749 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Drug metabolism | None. | Can remember the reactions for Phase 1 metabolism by drawing the chemical formula, R-OH (Reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis). This also helps to remember it is polar (alcohol is polar), or 1<2, therefore 1 is < polar than 2. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept the R-OH acronym part. -AM | | | | 01/02/17 11:58 AM | Ankeet | Vakharia | ankeet.vakharia@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 750 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Urine pH and drug elimination | USMLE RX Videos | Textbook states that TCA is a weak base, but TCA is a weak acid. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject - This has been brought up in previous editions of First Aid as well. TCAs are weak bases, although it can be understandably confusing as Sodium Bicarb is sometimes given with overdose. However the reason for this has to do with stabalizing cardiac membrane, less-so on pH balance. Source: Medical Toxicology by Richard Dart. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0781728452 -Jesse | Yup, quite a bit of deja vu from this one. Definitely addressed this last year! TCA's are weak bases. Sodium bicarbonate is given for membrane stabilization in cases of overdose/toxicity. No change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/09/17 12:35 PM | Raye | Ng | rayeraye.ng@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 751 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Urine pH and drug elimination | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tricyclic-antidepressant-poisoning?source=search_result&search=tca%20toxicity&selectedTitle=1~54#H13 | Ammonium chloride listed as an antidote for TCA toxicity. This is incorrect. Sodium bicarbonate is the correct antidote. | Major erratum | Verified | This was discussed last cycle (see 2016 excel sheet). The text is trying to emphasize the effects of ammonium chloride on drug elimation. TCAs are weak bases, the antidote is sodium bicarbonate which acts to stabilize cardiac membrane. For the sake of clarity, TCAs could be moved so it is not listed next to the treatment "ammonium chloride", as this is almost never done clinically. -Jesse | More deja vu here as well. Bicarbonate is an antidote for a different reason (cardiac membrane stabilization, not direct neutralization/excretion of the drug), and this is why we edited the text to say "Treat overdose with ammonium chloride to acidify urine" (since we got submissions). No change needed from an errata perspective, but I would suggest we consider additional changes this year to make errata submissions like this one less likely for 2018. I might just add a quick sentence mentioning that bicarbonate is used for that purpose. This also helps, because in clinical practice, we never give ammonium chloride, rather, only bicarbonate. So it is true that bicarbonate is the more accurate antidote. But that's not the goal of this Fact. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 01/10/17 7:50 PM | Aaron | Dwan | dwana@health.missouri.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 752 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Urine pH and drug elimination | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tricyclic-antidepressant-poisoning?source=search_result&search=tca%20overdose&selectedTitle=1~54#H15, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-amphetamine-and-synthetic-cathinone-bath-salt-intoxication?source=search_result&search=amphetamines%20overdose&selectedTitle=2~150#H350266275 | Under the heading of "Weak bases", it reads: "Example: amphetamines, TCAs. Trapped in acidic environments. Treat overdose with ammonium chloride to acidify urine." There is no role for ammonium chloride in the treatment of overdose for either of these examples. Per uptodate and p239 of this book, the treatment for TCA overdose includes bicarbonate. Per uptodate, "The relatively alkaline nature of amphetamines favors excretion in an acidic urine medium, but artificial measures to further acidify the urine entail unacceptable risks and are not recommended.". It may be best to take out the portion about treatment or to say “While acidification of the urine with ammonium chlorine would promote excretion, side effects of this treatment are unacceptable. In fact, treatment of TCA overdose includes bicarbonate for cardiac stabilization.” | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/12/17 10:16 PM | Geoffrey | Rosen | geoff.rosen@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 753 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Urine pH and drug elimination | Pg 239 of First aid and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant_overdose | TCA is listed as a weak base and treated ammonium chloride. TCA is actually a weak acid treated with bicarbonate | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/10/17 3:55 PM | Humza | Saleem | saleemhumza@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 754 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Urine pH and drug elimination | https://lifeinthefastlane.com/toxicology-conundrum-022/ AND http://www.courses.ahc.umn.edu/pharmacy/6124/handouts/tcapoisoning.pdf | This is a duplicate submission, but there does not appear to be an accepted erratum note on this point: While TCAs are weak bases (basic tertiary amine group), they should NOT be treated by acidifying the blood/urine, as this would most likely kill the patient before it could help them clear the drug. Acid diuresis does not seem to have any major clinical applications that I can find (UTIs debatable, but unrelated regardless) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/18/17 6:04 PM | Alan | Blayney | blayneya@upstate.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 755 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Tricyclic antidepressants | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/tricyclic-antidepressant-poisoning | Treatment of TCA overdose is with sodium bicarbonate, not by acidifying the urine with ammonium chloride as suggested on this page. | Minor erratum | Verified | See Jesse and Matt's comment on a similar erratum submission. Not an erratum but in need of clarification as we are clearly confusing readers. - Sarah | Agree with Sarah. Not an erratum. This issue has been a source of confusion for a while and definitely needs clarification. -Vasily | Duplicate. However, I have accepted the first instance of this submission, such that we can migrate it over to Annotate and consider a clarification. A goal of 2018 needs to be to clariy things sufficiently so that there are no more submissions like this! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 1:39 PM | Josiah | Ballantine | jfanactor@aol.com | | | |||||||||||
| 756 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Tricyclic antidepressants | Sketchy Micro, DIT, Up to Date, DejaReview and the list goes on... | TCA OD is not treated with ammonium chloride despite it being a weak base. It is treated with sodium Bicarb. This should be clarified because it is high yield. | Clarification to current text | Verified | See Jesse and Matt's comment on a similar erratum submission. Not an erratum but in need of clarification as we are clearly confusing readers. - Sarah | Agree with Sarah. Not an erratum. This issue has been a source of confusion for a while and definitely needs clarification. -Vasily | Duplicate. However, I have accepted the first instance of this submission, such that we can migrate it over to Annotate and consider a clarification. A goal of 2018 needs to be to clariy things sufficiently so that there are no more submissions like this! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/23/17 9:22 PM | Kylie | Grady | kyliegrady@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 757 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Drug metabolism | Made up | For the Phase 2 types of reactions: I want TO read MAGS and be INACTIVE. Phase TWO- Methylation, Acetylation, Glucuronidation, Sulfation. Yields polar, INACTIVE metabolites | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too convoluted. -AM | | | | 04/25/17 6:28 PM | Jacob | Grodsky | jake.grodsky@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 758 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Urine pH and drug elimination | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/tricyclic-antidepressant-poisoning#H14, https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/tricyclic-antidepressant-toxicity/ | TCA's are listed under weak bases that are treated with ammonium chloride. While they are weak bases, they are treated with NaHCO3. The mechanism of action is to increase the proportion of non-ionized drug, effectively causing redistribution away from the heart and to the rest of the body. Trying to treat with an acid would ionize them, removing them renally, but causing cardiotoxicity on the way, therefore this is not the preffered overdose treatment regimin. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/01/17 10:11 PM | Jason D. | Nosrati | jnosrati@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 759 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Pharmacokinetics | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819204-treatment#d10 | pg 226 says you treat TCA overdose with ammonium chloride (in the weak base section). Page 239 says you treat it with NaHCO3. eMedicine confirms that the accepted treatment is NaHCO3 | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/08/17 11:36 AM | Matt | Rizzotti | mjr5456@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 760 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Tricyclic antidepressants | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819204-treatment | On page 226, under "Weak bases" it says that TCA overdose can be treated with ammonium chloride to acidify the urine. However, this is contrary to pages 239 and 545 which say Sodium Bicarb is used. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/28/17 7:21 AM | Ivan | Bandovic | ivanbandovic@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 761 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Tricyclic antidepressants | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819204-treatment?pa=WAgiOdR%2BFVEAvsZ5vANRcWZ4dw0Y9Ksid6eU6tFtfndbr2Lrxle16Q3oAZZJRCDqynKqFN2axUPhmJtfwD0%2FPih1aXFNA8gS3HZ2cbppIpw%3D#d10 | On page 226, it says that TCA overdose is treated with ammonium chloride because it's a weak base however on page 239, it says to treat with NaHCO3. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/04/17 12:15 AM | Anuja | Trivedi | anuja137@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 762 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Urine pH and drug elimination | Attached UpToDate article "TCA Overdose" - scroll down to "Management" section - NaHCO3 actually used to prevent cardiac toxicity but not to enhance elimination | TCA overdose listed as a weak base to use ammonium chloride for treatment. It is again listed on page 239 with the correct treatment (sodium bicarb) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/05/17 12:56 PM | Aaron | Montani | aaron.montani@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 763 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Drug metabolism | https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/tricyclic-antidepressant-toxicity/amp/ | on page 226 in section of urine and drug elimination TCAs are mentioned as weak bases and treatment to acifify urine with NH4Cl...while on pg 239 in section of toxicity treatment TCAs trearment is NaHCO3 | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 07/02/17 8:57 PM | Asra | Ali | taurean_aa@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 764 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Kallmann syndrome | The correct treatment is pointed out on page 239 (2017 edition). TCA overdose ---> NaHCO3 | For TCA, it reads "Treat overdose with ammonium chloride to acidify urine". While ammonium chloride will "theoretically" trap TCA, it is NOT the correct treatment for TCA overdose! In fact, sodium bicarbonate (a weak base) must be administered to keep the drug protonated, thus preventing further cardiac complications. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Thank you for your suggestion. This issue has already been addressed. -Vasily | Already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 09/03/17 11:33 PM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 765 | 226 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | NEW FACT | The correct treatment is pointed out on page 239 (2017 edition). TCA overdose ---> NaHCO3 | For TCA, it reads "Treat overdose with ammonium chloride to acidify urine". While ammonium chloride will "theoretically" trap TCA, it is NOT the correct treatment for TCA overdose! In fact, sodium bicarbonate (a weak base) must be administered to keep the drug de-protonated, thus preventing further cardiac complications | Major erratum | Duplicate | Thank you for your suggestion. This issue has already been addressed. -Vasily | Already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 09/04/17 12:00 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 766 | 228 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Therapeutic index | Doctors in Training | Drugs with low TI can be remembered by the mnemonic: Some Drugs With Low Therapeutic index: Seizure drugs, Digoxin, Warfarin, Lithium, Theophylline | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 04/16/17 1:31 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 767 | 228 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Therapeutic index | Just a mnemonic. | Mnemonic for drugs that have a low therapeutic index: "Drugs with a Low Therapeutic Window" = Digoxin, Lithium, Theophylline, Warfarin | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Above mnemonic simpler. -AM | | | | 04/22/17 3:37 PM | Saif Nasser | El-Mallah | selmallah@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 768 | 228 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Receptor binding | Step 1 Kaplan Pharmacology Lecture Notes 2017, page 21. | Under Effects of PARTIAL AGONISTS. Add the fact "Partial agonists acts an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist. E.g: Pindalol". Also add a graph in the same page showing the duality of action of a partial agonist when combined with a full agonist. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree that this is an important concept. It may be worth mentioning that partial agonists compete with full agonists for receptors. -Vasily | Accept as a defer to 2019 consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/05/17 10:16 PM | Amin | Azem | amin.alqruity@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 769 | 229 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Acetylcholine receptors | none | Spell Nicotinic Receptors as Na+K+otinic receptors as the receptors are Na+/K+ ligand gated channels | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 04/26/17 6:07 AM | Eitan | Fleischman | fleische@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 770 | 230 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | made up myself | Tumor suppressor gene: MEN1 Associated Condition: MEN 1 Gene Product: MEN1n “MENIN” | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/02/17 10:54 PM | Lance | Alquran | lancealquran@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 771 | 230 | Pathology | | | Pathology | Tumor suppressor genes | Created by myself | For better memorization I suggest to separate PTEN gene in 2: PT and EN- deleted in ProsTate- ENdometrial cancer plus breast | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/16/17 5:10 PM | Lenisse Miguelina | Reyes Reye | Lenisse0105@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 772 | 230 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | Kaplan Step 1 Pharmacology and USMLERx 2015 corresponding Video | Gi cascade effects are wrongly stated. It states at the bottom of the page, in the diagram, that both Gs & Gi stimulate Adenyl Cyclase to make cAMP, but, in reality, only Gs stimulates Adenyl Cyclase to make cAMP. Gi actually INHIBITS Adenyl Cyclase and thus decreases cAMP. | Major erratum | Verified | The reviewers comment is correct but so is the diagram. I think the source of confusion by the "inhibition arrow". Maybe it is too small/subtle to clearly indicate that this is an inhibitory pathway? Not an erratum but maybe the diagram on p. 230 needs to be tweaked to avoid any confusion. - Sarah S | Not erratum, perhaps we can emphasize the arrow-type more in the next version and pass this comment along to illustration team. -Jesse | Fixed fact name/page number. And authors are correct. Gi is shown inhibiting the enzyme. Perhaps we can make it larger as proposed, but otherwise, there is no erratum here. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/05/17 4:33 AM | Raymond | Whitham | zoonotics@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 773 | 230 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147617 | β2 receptors increase glycogenolysis in liver and skeletal muscle. (That's why β2 agonist as formoterol cause tremor as a side effect) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | 1. Suggest adding "[arrow up] glycogenoslysis" to the table. 2. The statement that the reader gives in the brackets is not supported by the reference and shouldn't be included. -Vasily | Agree with adding glycogenolysis, but I've never heard of that being the mechanism behind tremor. While interesting, it is likely both controversial and low yield. Accept for up arrow addition, but would not add other details. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/21/17 10:14 AM | Zoilo Karim | Suarez Yeb | karimsuarezy@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 774 | 230 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698905000192 | beta 2 receptors effect on ciliary muscle relaxation is insignificant since they are not innervated | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not sure I agree, but can migrate over for crowd consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 3 of the β2 row, delete “ciliary muscle relaxation.” | | 5 | | 04/29/17 3:00 PM | Pavel | Burskii | pavelburskii@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 775 | 230 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/51679078_fig1_Figure-1-Schematic-diagram-of-the-direct-Dir-and-indirect-Indir-pathways-of-the (see figure 1) ; http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2011.00043/full#B75 (see figure 3) | Function of D2 is listed as “inhibits indirect pathway of striatum” - this should instead read, “activates indirect pathway of the striatum (putamen), which inhibits movement”. D2 signaling from the substantia nigra pars compacta modifies output from striatum (putamen) so that GPe is inhibited w/GABA, which disinhibits the STN, allowing it to stimulate the GPi which increases its inhibitory (GABA) output onto the thalamus, thus inhibiting movement greater than baseline inhibition. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. Current text is accurate. -Vasily | Agree, no change needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 08/10/17 10:09 PM | Cory | Gregory | Cory.Gregory8799@cnsu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 776 | 231 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Autonomic drugs | FA 2017 | The index contains an entry for "Metyrosine - 231", but there is no mention of Metyrosine on pg. 231. It seems that Metyrosine was meant to be in the "Noradrenergic" figure on the right side of the page, showing inhibition of the conversion of Tyrosine to DOPA. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | I think Matt is correct. We made a conscious decision to remove this outdated drug. Index needs to be corrected. - Sarah S | Was deleted from the 2017 edition due to being outdated if I recall correctly, so this is a lagging index erratum. Accept. -Matt | | | | 02/26/17 4:33 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 777 | 231 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | First Aid 2015 page 249 | cholinergic diagram is missing: Hemicholinium & Vesamicol. Noradrenergic diagram is missing: Metyrosine, Bretylium, & Guanethidine. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. I believe those drugs are not mentioned in the current edition since they were considered LY. -Vasily | I agree with Vasily. Last year we made a conscious decision with faculty input to remove these outdated drugs. - Sarah | Agree with authors. These were removed as they are outdated and unlikely to be tested in this day and age. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/03/17 2:57 AM | Gabriel | Lopez | mdghlopez@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 778 | 231 | Pharmacology | | | Index | Autonomic drugs | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hemicholinium-3 | The index mentions "hemicholinium" on p. 231, however, this drug is not listed on p. 231. It should be inhibiting choline on the cholinergic neuron image. Since this is not used clinically, I would imagine it is not important to include, but then it should be removed from the Index. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Moved to Annotate. -Vasily | Agree SS | Index error, agree this needs to be fixed this year. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/31/17 1:40 PM | C | M | craigslistcommunication0@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 779 | 232 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Cholinomimetic agents | ears | "PYRIDOstigmin works for a long PERIOD" that will help crossing the drug with myasthenia gravis (needs choline agonists all the time) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 04/03/17 4:16 PM | Aboud | Tahanis | tahanis.aboud@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 780 | 232 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Cholinomimetic agents | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=Neostigmine&submit=Go | think neomuscularjxn reversal | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 05/03/17 11:20 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 781 | 232 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Cholinomimetic agents | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=Physostigmine&submit=Go | change "physostigmine phyxes atropine" to "physostigmine phyxes atrophyne" to strengthen mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 05/03/17 11:21 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 782 | 232 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning | See the section titled "Cholinergic excess" in https://www.uptodate.com/contents/organophosphate-and-carbamate-poisoning?source=search_result&search=anticholinesterase%20poisoning&selectedTitle=2~150 ; See the section titled "what is cholinergic crisis" in http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/page/Cholinergic_crisis | The published text states that cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning causes “Excitation of skeletal muscle”; however, this is incorrect. Rather cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning presents as flaccid paralysis. As we know cholinesterase inhibitors cause increased [ACh] at the synapse. Although this overload of ACh causes overactivation of muscarinic receptors it causes a depolarizing blockade (refractory state) of the Nm receptors on the endplate of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of skeletal muscle. The reasoning behind this is that Nm channels are ligand-gated ion channels (which are prone to a depolarizing blockage state when overactivated) while muscarinic receptors are G-protein coupled (thus not susceptible to depolarizing blockage state when overactivated). Therefore, because Nm receptors at the NMJ enter a refractory state during ACh overload, patients with cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (aka. “Cholinergic Crisis”) present with flaccid paralysis (not excitation of skeletal muscle as the text suggests). This is an important correction when considering how patients with undertreatment of Myasthenia Gravis (i.e. will present with progressive muscle weakness but will have brief symptomatic relief when given Edrophonium) will differ from patients with Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (i.e. will present with progressive muscle weakness but will NOT have symptomatic relief when given Edrophonium). | Major erratum | Verified | Agree. Moved to Annotate. -Vasily | Agree, let's move over to discuss. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In the mnemonic, replace “Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS” with “Emesis.” | | 20 | | 06/01/17 9:26 AM | Marc | Polanik | marc.polanik@umassmed.edu | | | ||||||||
| 783 | 232 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Cholinomimetic agents | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00411 | The correction I offer is for Carbachol applications: In my opinion you should write something more clear for the readers such as “contracts both ciliary muscle of the eye (chronic/OAG) and pupillary sphincter (acute/CAG) - to relieve IOP”. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I don't think the suggested change is necessary. Current text is fine. -Vasily | Agree with Vasily. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/02/17 12:13 PM | Lior | Nissim | Liornis8@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 784 | 233 | Pathology | | | Pathology | Common metastases | N/A | Carcinomas that spread hematogenously vs. through lymphatics: Hepatocellular carcinoma('H' in 'hello'), Renal Cell Carcinoma( 'R' and 'C' in 'RbC'), Choriocarcinoma ('CH' in chow (ciao)) Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma('F' in 'farewell', 'T' in 'to', 'C' in 'wbc'). "'H'ello 'R'b'C's; 'CH'ow (ciao) and 'F'arewell 'T'o wb'C's" | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/11/17 9:27 PM | Mark | Greenhill | mgreenhill99@midwestern.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 785 | 233 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Common metastases | modified mnemonics from: memorize.com | 3 useful mnemonics to learn common metastases from most to least frequency: Metastases to BRAIN: {Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia: Lungs>Breast>Skin(melanoma)>Kidney>Gastrointestinal.} Most common metastases to LIVER: {Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver: Colon>Stomach>Pancreas>Breast>Lung} Most common metastases to BONE: { mr. PT Bones Loves Kids: Prostate, Thyroid, Breast, Lungs>Kidney} | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/24/17 6:43 PM | Marcela Marie | Luna | mmluna28@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 786 | 233 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Muscarinic antagonists | My right hemisphere | Hyoscyamine: His bowel irritability is so bad it reached High (HY) to the Sky (SCY) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 01/08/17 1:05 PM | Abdallah | Malas | abdallahmalas@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 787 | 233 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Atropine | https://www-uptodate-com/contents/atropine-systemic-drug-information?source=preview&search=atropine&anchor=F28406309#F28406309 | In the corresponding chart for the effects of Atropine. it states that the effect of atropine include decreased secretions. While antagonism of the M3 receptors causes decrease in exocrine gland secretion, the more high yield fact for the Airway effect is Bronchodilation. I believe that it will be more beneficial to have this changed in the chart. | Clarification to current text | Verified | In my opinion atropine's effect of reducing bronchorrhea is as important as reversal of bronchoconstriction. We could add "↓secretions, bronchodilation". - Sarah S | Agree with Sarah. Let's add bronchodilation to the table. -Vasily | I agree. However, to prevent misinterpretation that this decreases bronchodilation, I would write it as: "bronchodilation, ↓secretions" -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of the Airway row, replace “↓ secretions” with “Bronchodilation, ↓ secretions.” | | 5 | | 02/25/17 9:59 AM | Matthew | Farajzadeh | mattfarajz@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 788 | 233 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Atropine | FA2017, pg. 232 | The "E" should be capitalized in "Blocks DUMBBeLSS in cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. Atropine does not block skeletal muscle Excitation ("E") as is explained in the text. Hence "E" is not part of this mnemonic but it does apply to the mnemonic on page 232 (cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning). - Sarah S | Reject. Sarah's right. "E" is a part of mnemonic on page 232, but not on page 233. -Vasily | Agree with authors, there is no need for the "E" in the mnemonic here, as per the reasons given. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/27/17 6:23 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 789 | 233 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Atropine | n/a | Additional side effect for Atropine can be "FULL as a flask" to illustrate that atropine interferes with contraction of bladder muscle causing urinary retention. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 04/25/17 12:44 PM | Benjamin Rojas | Soosiah | r.soosiah@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 790 | 234 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Autonomic drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310640 | An easier way to remember that Dobutamine predominantly acts on Beta-1 receptors is to write Dobutamine as follows: Doβutam1ne | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 02/14/17 4:44 AM | Edmond | Ahdoot | edmondahdoot@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 791 | 234 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Sympathomimetics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fenoldopam-drug-information | To better remember that Fenoldopam is a Dopamine agonist, it would be helpful to bold the "-dopam" portion of Fenoldopam, since it is the first 5 letters of Dopamine. Example: FenolDOPAM | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 05/05/17 2:14 AM | Edmond | Ahdoot | edmondahdoot@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 792 | 235 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Norepinephrine vs isoproterenol | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/isuprel-isoproterenol-342438#10 | On page 235, it says that isoproterenol has (beta>alpha) action, but on page 234, it says that isoproterenol only has beta activity, with B1=B2. | Minor erratum | Verified | I understand the reviewer's source of confusion but don't think any change is needed. On page 234 we focus on isoproterenol's beta action i.e. b1 = b2. It does not say, however, say that it has only beta activity. The text on page 235 that isoproterenol has "little alpha effect". Overall, since it only has a minor alpha effect I don't think we need to include "B >> a; b1 = b2" in the table on page 234. I think the text on p. 235 is quite clear on that. What do others think? Does this need further clarification. Not an erratum but perhaps a clarification - Sarah S | I agree with Sarah, the text is clear as is. If we wish to clarify, perhaps b1=b2>>a is appropriate. -Jesse | Thank you authors. Have to agree this is very nitpicky. Agree that we do not really need to make any changes. That it is a predominantly beta-acting drug is important enough. Isoproterenol does bind alpha receptors, but you need a huge dose for that effect to even be notable, thus most people informally consider it to be a pure beta agonist since the alpha effect is so miniscule. I would agree with both authors. We can clarify that it does act on alpha receptors, but that the effect is negligible and for all purposes ignored from a pharmacologic and clinical standpoint. I would add it as a line of text to column 3 on page 234. Just add the sentence "Has negligible α effect" there, just as we do on page 235. I don't think anyone for testing purposes should even consider isoproterenol to ever have any alpha activity, which adding it to column 2 would do, since it's such a minor point. I will accept this so it is considered for implementation, but would not add it to the official errata. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/09/17 5:31 PM | Raye | Ng | rayeraye.ng@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 793 | 235 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Norepinephrine vs isoproterenol | not needed | In the diagram of epinephrine, it is written that " epinephrine (α ≈ β)" . But ,in page 234 , it is written that " β > α". Please correct this. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Although this is dose-dependent, I believe we should change the text to be consistent. Change page 235 to read 'epinephrine B>a.' -Jesse | I agree with Jesse. - Sarah S | This is a duplicate, please see earlier submission above. Rejecting this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/26/17 7:55 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 794 | 235 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics | Not necessary here | In the intro part of the pharmacology, it reads prescription and not prescription | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 02/02/17 6:48 PM | Chimuanya | Okoli | chimuanya.okoli@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 795 | 235 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Norepinephrine vs isoproterenol | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/use-of-vasopressors-and-inotropes | Epinephrine graphic labeled as "epinephrine (a~b), but should be labeled as "Epinephrine (b>a)" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/11/17 12:58 PM | Tara | Hogan | tarahoga@buffalo.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 796 | 235 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Norepinephrine vs isoproterenol | https://books.google.com/books?id=kjvm7X_haiMC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=brenner+and+stevens+pharmacology+isoproterenol&source=bl&ots=GL7dxunc7x&sig=uH342VSXx83Z4TYsJ0mgAAdrmAA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjSj627pNfUAhWEKWMKHYL_D0YQ6AEIQzAG#v=onepage&q=brenner%20and%20stevens%20pharmacology%20isoproterenol&f=false ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor (see agonist potency table) | See table in Brenner & Stevens pharmacology on relative potency or Epi/Norepi/Isoproterenol/DA (their Norepi vs Epi entry on alpha1 may be outdated) on alpha1, beta1, beta2 receptors --- would aid understanding of BP/HR/PR effect graph to show this table next to it. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 06/24/17 4:37 PM | Cory | Gregory | Cory.Gregory8799@cnsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 797 | 236 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | α-blockers | First aid for Step 1 ed 2017 Page 235 | Comma separates B1 and reflex tacchycardia in table of Isoproterenol in pg 235 but is missing in table of Alpha blockers after blockade in pg 236 | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | I am not getting caught up in commas. --edu | | | | 12/30/16 10:16 AM | Santosh | BK | priyeshthakurathi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 798 | 236 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | α-blockers | NA | The graphs don’t show the reflex tachycardia of the alpha-blockade (prior to administration of the Epinephrine/Phenylephrine) | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | | | | 02/12/17 12:03 PM | Logan | Danielson | logandanielson@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 799 | 236 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | α-blockers | FA 2017 | Please reformat the blood pressure reading given for epinephrine before alpha blockade. The word "Diastolic" is blocked or crossed out by the bottom line of the box. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Moved to Annoate | Good catch! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/30/17 1:52 PM | Michael | Winter | mowin90@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 800 | 236 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Tamsulosin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tamsulosin-drug-information?source=preview&search=tamulosin&anchor=F224734#F224734 | Tamsulosin (and Terazosin) are used to facilitate the passage of kidney stones lodged in the ureters since alpha-1 blockade reduces spasming of the smooth muscle surrounding the ureters. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I'm not sure this is HY for Step 1. -Vasily | Seems more Step 2-ish to me. - SS | Can consider next year. Migrate over as a deferred suggestion. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/24/17 3:49 PM | Cory | Gregory | Cory.Gregory8799@cnsu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 801 | 236 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Autonomic drugs | (mnemonic) | TamsuLOsin used for patients with LOW blood pressure. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/28/17 4:03 PM | Trisha | Bhat | trishabhat@wustl.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 802 | 237 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | β-blockers | medscape.com/viewarticle/421426_3 | Add as contraindications for beta blockers: hypersensitivity, cardiogenic shock, second and third deg heart block, copd, asthma (as per medscape update) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We already mention most of the side effects that the reviewer is listing, except for hypersensitivity and cardiogenic shock. I wouldn't include either. Most medication can cause hypersensitivities so on its own this is not a HY fact. B-blockers on their own are unlikely to cause full-blown cardiogenic shock unless the patient already has severe heart failure or the beta-blocker induced bradycardia persists. I think including bradycardia, AV block and HF as side effects is sufficient. Based on the information in the physiology sections (pharmacology and cardiology chapters) the connection between any of these cardiac side effects and risk of cardiogenic shock can be easily made and does not need to be included here. Reject. - Sarah S | Reject. I agree with the first author comment, this would be a very low-yield change. -Jesse | Both contraindications are too nonspecific (eg, almost every drug has a hypersensitivity risk, and cardiogenic shock is similarly going to make a lot of medications less desirable). Moreover, neither side effect is all that testable. I would recommend avoiding either of those additions. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/24/17 5:27 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 803 | 237 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | β-blockers | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/bystolic-nebivolol-342363#10 | Nabidilol -- Menomic N for Nitric oxide synthase | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 02/18/17 2:39 PM | Mohammed | Abed | drabedmn@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 804 | 237 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | β-blockers | https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/24/21/1928/450074/Report-of-erectile-dysfunction-after-therapy-with | Studies say B-blocker are not cause of ED and its rather psychogenic. | Major erratum | Verified | Interesting point. Despite this being a rather small (n=96) study I do accept that part of the sexual dysfunction linked to beta-blockers is psychological in nature. However, UTD also refers to a systematic review (n=35,000) that concluded that "There was a small significant increase in risk of sexual dysfunction (5 per 1000 patients, 95% CI 2-8). This is equivalent to one additional report of sexual dysfunction for every 199 patients treated per year." In summary, beta-blockers only carry a small risk of causing sexual dysfunction. Regardless of the actual mechanism (physiological or psychological) it remains a testable and reasonably HY fact. I would not remove this fact. - Sarah UTD: Major side effects of beta blockers | Although the reference provided by the reader supports the comment, there are still plenty of sources that cite ED as a side effect of beta-blockers. It is also in many qbanks. Reject. -Vasily | Thank you authors for the thoughtful and referenced feedback. I agree that, while not the most major side effect of beta blocker use, it is still valid and likely to be tested. I would therefore leave this one alone. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/31/17 4:32 PM | Niranjan | Pandey | ndprulz@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 805 | 237 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | β-blockers | http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.26.0b/ovidweb.cgi?QS2=434f4e1a73d37e8cc218cd1e8907e4d4e92889c14d6272ab49a020f2d2b136e5b8b8df41d5591fe961ee711dfd397c7870a3cd870f383f5d22dc21b6d7df1bb2e8baf698187829d92bf745caae524d64d6be89b3fabecbed81c15af8a47f5434e08b47fa5265f4963c1eae82f293d0dec17557c60e0202e6bc96c09ea33682b66f8b559c4142bca20be34ee3eec04d603d15045ba7d7a80fa9e51e1d21abd033755d3d3ff372f0384dffb0f6004247d1aef160001f81c38b4e312b5634548549f0df93fd0d672ad88979f02ed0a8c0c47c154d493c4aaf01bc702890b6fdcf448096655d51187fbb3d446af67276ca8ec807d14ee31dfcf29cfdb48ee4ecfa2e | Page 237 FA 2017, The Nebivolol is correctly activate beta 3, but on both videos 2016 pharm vedio #7 minute 7:56 and 2017 vedio named Beta Blocker minute # 2:14. They have same mistake which is "Nebivolol blocks Beta 3" "The Correct thing they should say it activates Beta 3" | Major erratum | Verified | No change to FA text is needed. We probably should contact USMLE-Rx Express Video team? -Vasily | First Aid Videos errata. I have forwarded. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/15/17 2:29 PM | Ramzi Y. | Skaik | dr.skaik@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 806 | 237 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | β-blockers | http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.26.0b/ovidweb.cgi?QS2=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 | Page 237 FA 2017, The Nebivolol is correctly activate beta 3, but on both videos 2016 pharm vedio #7 minute 7:56 and 2017 vedio named Beta Blocker minute # 2:14. They have same mistake which is "Nebivolol blocks Beta 3" "The Correct thing they should say it activates Beta 3" | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 07/16/17 1:24 PM | Ramzi Y. | Skaik | dr.skaik@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 807 | 237 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | β-blockers | (mnemonic) | L(α-beta)lol is a nonselective α-beta antagonist. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/30/17 7:04 PM | Trisha | Bhat | trishabhat@wustl.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 808 | 237 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | NEW FACT | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglionic_blocker | In page 237, at the end of the page please add ganglion blockers e.g hexamethonium & mecamylamine. And add their effects as they block the reflex bradycardia and tachycardia after vasoconstriction and Vasodilation respectively. Alot of Questions hammer on that part. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/10/17 12:02 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 809 | 238 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Ingested seafood toxins | FA 2017 | could this section be rearranged in the following order: histamine, tetrodotoxin, ciguatoxin? it would be easier to make a mnemonic as follows: HTC: Histamine, Total block of Na channels, Cholinergic excess/causes depolarization | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not an erratum but an excellent idea! I think the current order is quite random anyway and the reviewer makes a good point. The mnemonic isn't bad either. Something we could consider for the 2018 edition. - Sarah S | I'll go for it too! Agree with consideration this year. Not for official errata. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/17/17 6:03 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 810 | 238 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Tricyclic antidepressants | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819204-treatment?pa=Ar%2FvGdZV%2BLd2%2FheC8ql963A7NK57MfGbrqxvDg4nhDvrNv5NH%2Fh2oHVccQOaZrDNhyFOjdzgw%2BMUv2pLfydXskM903oaTexhZrGEfizZ20Q%3D#d10 | Overdose for TCAs is treated with bicarbonate to alkalinize the serum. The text currently states that overdose is treated with ammonium chloride. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/18/17 1:20 AM | Darshan | Vora | darshanvora@gwu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 811 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Specific toxicity treatments | Mnemonic, based on FA information only. | Drug Reactions - Cardiovascular. Coronary vasospasm: seems like you could use Acute Coronary SyndromE for the drugs/agents that cause vasospasm. Where A in acute is for amphetamine, cocaine for the C in coronary. etc.... E for ergot alkaloids. I'm using this and so are several fellow students I've shown. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Below mnemonic seems better. -AM | | | | 01/11/17 5:24 PM | Aaron | Dwan | Dwana@health.missouri.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 812 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Specific toxicity treatments | N/A | Error on page 239 FA 2017, TCA antidote is ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | See comments from Jesse and Matt on similar entries. Not an erratum but a fact that requires further clarification as it clearly causes significant confusion. - Sarah | Agree with Sarah. Not an erratum. This issue has been a source of confusion for a while and definitely needs clarification. -Vasily | Duplicate. However, I have accepted the first instance of this submission, such that we can migrate it over to Annotate and consider a clarification. A goal of 2018 needs to be to clariy things sufficiently so that there are no more submissions like this! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/22/17 10:27 AM | Yoav | Nudell | Yan213@nyu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 813 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Tricyclic antidepressants | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3784839 | TCAs are weak bases that need NH4(Cl) to be removed via urination, but NaHCO3 can also be used as is stated in FA2017. The specific use of NaHCO3 is for arrhythmias which I think needs to be explained or otherwise is quite confusing. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | See comments from Jesse and Matt on similar entries. Not an erratum but a fact that requires further clarification as it clearly causes significant confusion. - Sarah | Agree with Sarah. Not an erratum. This issue has been a source of confusion for a while and definitely needs clarification. -Vasily | Duplicate. However, I have accepted the first instance of this submission, such that we can migrate it over to Annotate and consider a clarification. A goal of 2018 needs to be to clariy things sufficiently so that there are no more submissions like this! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/22/17 8:04 PM | Bryce | Baird | Bryce-Baird@ouhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 814 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Drug reactions—cardiovascular | n/a | Drugs that cause coronary vasospasm - erGOT alkaloids, Amphetamines, Sumatriptan, COcaine -- GOT A Small COronary | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. -AM | | | | 05/02/17 11:28 AM | Robert | Pedersen | robertpedersen@creighton.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 815 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | NEW FACT | Mnemonic | For cyanide poisoning, it's "Not Rite (Nitrite) To Sulfur (ThioSulfate, 'to suffer')" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Convoluted, doesn't include hydroxocobalamin. -AM | | | | 05/14/17 10:33 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 816 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Specific toxicity treatments | N/A | For TCA treatment, write NaHCO3 (to prevent arrhythmia) and NH4CL (to trap in urine) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/08/17 5:13 PM | Rajeev | Dalal | rdalal94@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 817 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—cardiovascular | N/a | Mnemonic for drugs causing coronary vasospasm - I think this is better than the existing suggested mnemonics because it not only uses some of the actual drugs (in an easy to remember way), but also explains what its a mnemonic for: [Aphetamines] & [Coke], [S]pasm the h[EA]rt arteries - for Amphetamines (duh), Coccaine (duh), Sumatriptan, & Ergot Alkaloids | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/26/17 4:18 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 818 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-thyroiditis?source=see_link§ionName=Drug-induced%20thyroiditis&anchor=H12#H12 | Lithium and amiodarone may also cause hyperthyroidism. Per uptodate: "Patients with depression who are treated with lithium have an increased incidence of hyperthyroidism". And "Amiodarone can cause hyperthyroidism." | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is correct - both lithium and amiodarone may induce hyperthyroidism. We don't currently list "Hyperthyroidism" as a drug reaction. We could include it this year but it is not currently an erratum (merely an omission from the list). - Sarah S | I agree with first author, Sarah. I believe this may be high-yield too, as thyroid function is assessed when using these drugs in clinical practice. -Jesse | Sure, I agree with this addition for consideration in 2018. Not for official errata. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/12/17 11:24 PM | Geoffrey | Rosen | geoff.rosen@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 819 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Lithium | Myself | Effects of Lithium: Lithium is a bouncer that blocks you from leaving and makes you pee your pants. (blocks T3/T4 release rom colloid and causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not close enough connection between mnemonic and info. -AM | | | | 02/06/17 6:05 PM | Eman | Elzeftawy | emanelzeftawy@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 820 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | Me | Under Hyperglycemia, a mnemonic that may be easier to remember could be "The People Need Hard Candies" or "The People Need Hershey's Chocolate". Using this mnemonic with reference to sugar "candy" may be easier to associate with the hyperglycemia drug reactions. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. "The People Need Hard Candies" is likely better than current mnemonic. -AM | | | | 05/12/17 8:01 PM | Jillian | Moretto | jmoretto@nyit.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 821 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—gastrointestinal | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25730198 | Pseudomembranous colitis is also associated with the use of Proton Pump Inhibitors | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Let's consider for 2019. -Vasily | Migrate for consideration next year. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/14/17 10:29 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||
| 822 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—gastrointestinal | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737994/ | Sulfa drugs can also cause pancreatitis. In fact, there are a few more that aren't listed in the text: Mneumonic: FATSHEEP "Furosemide, Azathioprine/Asparaginase, Thiazides/Tetracycline, Statins/Sulfonamides, Hydrochlorothiazide, Estrogens, Ethanol, Pentamidine." | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/31/17 11:26 PM | Derin | Allard | derindallard@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 823 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | Own First Aid | Instead "Taking Pills Necessitates Having blood Checked", it should be "Taking Pills Necessitates Having glycemia Checked" for hyperglycemia drugs | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Thank you for your suggestion. In 2018 we will be using a different mnemonic. No changes needed. -Vasily | Our mnemonic is better. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 08/04/17 1:19 AM | Fong-Wan | Chau Zhou | fongwanchauzhou@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 824 | 241 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—musculoskeletal/skin/connective tissue | www.uptodate.com/contents/drug-induced-lupus | Suggestion: Replace all instances of "SLE-like syndrome" with "drug-induced lupus" for internal consistency and to stay consistent with contemporary nomenclature. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree. - Sarah S | Agree. -Vasily | Seems reasonable to me, I support this change. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/21/17 12:14 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 825 | 241 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Osteoporosis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_agonist | On page 241, GnRH agonists are listed as causing Osteoporosis. It is GnRH ANTAGONISTS that would cause this. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. Provided reference doesn't support the comment. -Vasily | Reject. GnRH agonists are linked to osteoporosis. The wikipedia reference and UTD (Leuprolide: Drug information) confirm this. - Sarah | No change as per authors. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/17/17 2:37 AM | Jordan | Parker | jep9t9@health.missouri.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 826 | 241 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—hematologic | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-class-i-antiarrhythmic-drugs | Add to drug causing thrombocytopenia class IA antiarrhythmics | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, especially since it is also mentioned on p.308. -Vasily | I disagree. While some class IA antiarrhythmics e.g. procainamide/quinidine can cause (likely) immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, it is not the most HY association. IMO the association between heparin and thrombocytopenia (HIT) and class IA antiarrhythmics and drug-induced lupus/torsades de pointes is more HY for the pharmacology chapter. The systems chapters such as cardiology list side effects in more detail but I don't think it is necessary to repeat this information here. - Sarah | I'm fine leaving this out of here, it's not the strongest association. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 2:14 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 827 | 241 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Fluoroquinolones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921747/ | fluoroquinolone drug reaction - tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage --> "fall to the FLOORoquinolone due to tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Doesn't include all side effects. -AM | | | | 04/23/17 12:03 PM | Jamie | Strike | jamiestrike91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 828 | 242 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Restrictive lung disease | me | pulmonary fibrosis: anchor MAN BBC | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Current mnemonic ties into pulm fibrosis better. -AM | | | | 04/07/17 2:27 AM | yahya | mussad | ymussad2017@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 829 | 243 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/drugs-and-the-liver-metabolism-and-mechanisms-of-injury/abstract/104 | According to the index of First Aid 2017, "grapefruit juice and cytochrome P-450" should be on page 243 but grapefruit juice is not actually listed as a CYP450 inhibitor nor is it part of the mnemonic on page 243. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Good point. We should remove "grapefruit juice and cytochrome p-450" from the index. If I recall correctly we made a conscious decision to remove grapefruit juice from this list. Does anyone feel like including it again? I am personally happy with leaving it out. Either way not erratum. - Sarah S | I am in favor of leaving it out. -Jesse | Index errata, agree with removal from the index. This need not be published in the official errata. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/13/17 8:28 PM | Birva | Trivedi | birvatrivedi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 830 | 243 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | Not needed | First aid decided to change the mnemonic for Cyp P450 inhibitors. In doing so, they got rid of a rather high yield one in grapefruit juice. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | If I recall correctly we made a conscious decision to remove grapefruit juice from this list. Does anyone feel like including it again? I am personally happy with leaving it out. Either way not an erratum. - Sarah S | Duplicate -Matt | | | | 01/16/17 1:39 PM | Phillip | Nulman | pnulman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 831 | 243 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acetaminophen-paracetamol-poisoning-in-adults-pathophysiology-presentation-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=cyp2e1%20paracetamol%20alcool&selectedTitle=1~150 | adding a note that CYP2E1 not only is a minor pathway for ethanol metabolism but also metabolizes paracetamol into its toxic metabolites that cause hepatocyte injury may be a beneficial high yield tie in for students to know. Also, adding that acute alcoholism may decrease risk of hepatotoxicity from paracetamol overdose because it will compete with paracetamol for metabolism by CYP2E1 is also a nice tie in. Finally, adding that chronic alcoholism doesn't have the same protective effect as acute alcoholism because the CYP2E1 would already be induced in chronic alcoholics thus theres plenty of CYP2E1 to metabolize both ethanol and paracetamol into its toxic metabolite. Adding this high yield tie in would help students understand the bigger picture. Thank you. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure if this is HY to be honest. I'd leave out this level of detail here... - Sarah | Agree. This is an interesting concept. But I don't see how it would fit in p.83. Unless the MSK team minds it, I suggest adding this info to p.455, Acetaminophen adverse effects which could go like this: "Overdose produces hepatic necrosis. Converted by CYP2E1 into NAPQI which depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue byproducts in liver. Chronic alcoholism -> [arrow up] CYP2E1 -> [arrow up] NAPQI -> [arrow up] hepatotoxicity. Acute alcohol intoxication -> [arrow down] CYP2E1 -> [arrow down] NAPQI -> [arrow down] hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine is antidote - regenerates glutathione". -Vasily | This is relevant to pharmacology chapter page 243. I've edited the designation appropriately. To me, these details are likely lower yield. However, will open this up to the pharmacology team for consideration. -Matt EDIT: Likely a lower yield and beyond scope entry, so we will reject for this year. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 8:59 AM | Khalid | Alsayouri | khalid.alsayouri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 832 | 243 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | popular mnemonic | P450 Inhibitors Don't join this group it will make your spirit go down... SICKFACES.COM Group Questions: Sodium valproate, Isoniazid, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Alcohol..binge drinking, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Sulfonamides, Ciprofloxacin, Omeprazole, Metronidazole, Grapefruit juice, Quinidine. // P450 Inducers CRAPS GPS induce me to madness!! Carbemazepines, Rifampicin, Alcohol (chronic), Phenytoin, St. John's wort, Griseofulvin, Phenobarbitone, Sulphonylureas. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too repetitive. Word story probably better. -AM | | | | 02/01/17 5:07 PM | Marcela Marie | Luna Castro | mmluna28@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 833 | 243 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-amiodarone | When the mnemonic from the 2016 edition for CYP450 inhibitors was changed, amiodarone was removed. This is high yield for the case of patients with atrial fibrillation who are on both amiodarone and warfarin, since amiodarone can inhibit CYP450 and therefore increase serum concentrations of warfarin, leading to increased bleeding times. Administration of both warfarin and amiodarone often requires up to a 25% reduction in warfarin doses as a result. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We can revisit the mnemonic. Another reader commented on the fact that grapefruit juice is missing from the list. We will never be able to list all of the CYP450 inhibitors and inducers that may be tested but the mnemonic is new so we can review it after input from crowdproofers. Not an erratum. - Sarah S | I confirm that the info provided by the reader is accurate. And I agree with Sarah. It's impossible to mention all the drug interactions that can possibly be tested. -Vasily | It is true that removing amiodarone was a tricky decision, it is definitely one of the more common agents implicated in drug-drug interactions. It probably occurred with the shift from the controversial mnemonic CRACK AMIGOS to SICKFACES.COM for inhibitors. Will accept this feedback so we can discuss on Annotate whether to add back or not/whether to update the mnemonic. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/15/17 1:08 PM | Karsyn | Bailey | karsynbailey@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 834 | 243 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | Uworld and sketchy medical | Modafinil and Cyclophosphamide are also CYP 450 inducers. Saw both mentioned in Uworld and cyclophosphamide in sketchy medical | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is tricky. The list of CYP450 inducers and inhibitors is rather long. The difficult bit is identifying which ones are most HY. I think we should add these to Annotate and wait for input/opinions from crowdproofers as to whether these are HY. - Sarah | Only worth mentioning as a part of a mnemonic. Otherwise LY. Reject. -Vasily | Agree, may as well consider for addition on Annotate, we can get feedback from the crowd. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/30/17 1:38 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 835 | 245 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Celecoxib | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1611593 | Celecoxib is noninferior to ibuprofen or naproxen with regard to cardiovascular safety. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Wrong Edition | | | | 03/04/17 12:51 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 836 | 246 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Observational studies | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3345345/ | Please add some high yield points on " cross-over study" as it is frequetly tested. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | [added to annotate] Not a bad idea; I remember seeing this come up in practice questions. Surprised we don't have a row for it already. -IW | | | 5 | | 05/09/17 9:32 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 837 | 246 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Clinical trial | https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/clinical-trials/what-you-need-to-know/phases-of-clinical-trials.html | Phase 1 trials are not conduced in healthy volunteers; in fact, they are overwhelmingly conducted in patients with the disease of interest. A quick search of PubMed for phase I trials will demonstrate this. | Minor erratum | Verified | [added to annotate] Accept. Volunteers can be healthy or diseased. I suspect the majority of people who sign up do have the disease of interest in the case of new cancer therapies, etc. -IW https://www.fda.gov/forpatients/approvals/drugs/ucm405622.htm | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2 of the Phase I row, replace “Small number of healthy volunteers” with “Small number of healthy volunteers or patients with disease of interest.” | | 10 | | 05/10/17 11:49 AM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | ||||||||||
| 838 | 246 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Section I | http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00458.x | In twin concordance study says its nature vs nurture, but that terms actually fits better in the adoption study. Because even if they are twins, the only time the term nature vs nurture apply is when they are raised by different parents | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 8:01 PM | Paola | Del Cueto | paoladelcueto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 839 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evidence-based-approach-to-prevention?source=machineLearning&search=screening&selectedTitle=3~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H20177868#H20177868 | text says that high sensitivity tests are used for screening in diseases with LOW PREVALENCE, this is Wrong. Screening is used only in diseases with HIGH PREVALENCE | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. What AZ said. -MR | Um, I'm pretty sure I disagree. And apparently so does the provided UpToDate citation (excerpt below). -AZ "The very nature of searching for a disease in people without symptoms means that prevalence is usually very low, even among high-risk groups who were selected because of age, sex, and other risk characteristics. A good screening test must, therefore, have a high sensitivity so that it does not miss the few cases of disease present" | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/05/17 12:16 AM | José | López | drjllopez@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 840 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evidence-based-approach-to-prevention?source=machineLearning&search=screening&selectedTitle=3~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H20177868#H20177868 | In sensitivity it says: High sensitivity test is used for screening in diseases with low prevalence. This is Wrong, Screening is useful ONLY WHEN DISEASE PREVALENCE IS HIGH | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/05/17 2:08 PM | José | López | drjllopez@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 841 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | FA 2017 pg 249 | Add prevalence to red highlighted text to match format in green highlighted text in attached pi | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | This comment is confusing, nor do I think it will add value. - Miguel Rovira | | | | 01/16/17 8:39 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 842 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117853-overview | Although it is understandable that the term ** DIABETES ** means ** DIABETES MELLITUS** , i think it is better to use the term " DIABETES MELLITUS" ( not just diabetes) uniformly throughout the book. | Clarification to current text | Verified | We might be deleting this example at the bottom of the illustration anyway. -IW | | | | 05/09/17 10:06 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 843 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Likelihood ratio | N/A | I believe the likelihood ratio section should be deleted. It is time consuming to memorize and seems to be low yield. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 11:51 AM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 844 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | uworld biostat review | missing time saving high yield equations here are: (True Positive = sensitivity X prevalence)..False Positive = ((1- specificity) X(1- prevalence))...so PPV can be easily calculated using sensitivity,specificity and prevalence | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/22/17 1:17 PM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 845 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | no need | a mnemonic to memorize the equation that I suggested adding in the previous entry : (True Positive = sensitivity X prevalence) : True!....I have a >sensitive partner========>TP = Sensitivity X prevalence | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/22/17 1:32 PM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 846 | 248 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | Pheochromocytoma | https://online.epocrates.com/drugs/117105/mirtazapine/Adverse-Reactions | mirtAzzzApine (with the AzzzA in red). 2 A's for the alpha-2 blocker, and the zzz for the sedation side effect | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Incomplete. -AM | | | | 04/27/17 5:21 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 847 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938757/ | The formula for Odds Ratio should be (a/c)/(b/d), as it was in FA 2016. | Major erratum | Verified | We discussed this at length for FAS1 2017 and I think our conclusion was that we had it right but some people arrange the table differently. Below is a link to our annotate convo, where Dr. Smoller supported, Dr. Hall disagreed with, and Vikas suggested improvements to what we currently have: http://goo.gl/Gsr17b -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Sylvia Smoller | OR = odds of disease among exposed (a/b), divided by odds of disease among unexposed (c/d). No matter how you arrange the table, by algebra it equals ad/bc. That is because (a/b)/(c/d) = (a/c)/(b/d) = ad/bc. So odds ratio is ad/bc. | Reject | | Fine as is. No change. | | | 12/29/16 6:12 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 848 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | first aid 2015 page 50 | the calculation of odd ratio says a/b/c/d while in 2015 it says a/c/b/d. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Reject. Current edition is correct. See NIH article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938757/ -MR | | | | 02/06/17 10:59 PM | MUBARAK | YUSUF | mbrksf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 849 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | English | For "Odds Ratio," it should say "given" not "giving" in "odds ... occurring giving ..." | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Accept. "occurring given" - Isabella Wu | 2nd the acceptance for grammar edit. -Miguel R | Easy typo to fix, agree w/ Isabella. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/05/17 5:21 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 850 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=84052073&bookid=1430&guestAccessKey=dfc3340d-e2a7-42be-a69d-cedaccc7ea32 | Attributable Risk: The definition of attributable risk as "the proportion of disease occurrences that are attributable to the exposure" and the example of "if risk of lung cancer in smokers is 21% and risk in nonsmokers is 1%, then 20% of the lung cancer risk in smokers is attributable to smoking” is incorrect. These descriptions describe the attributable risk percent (ARP), which is calculated by dividing the attributable risk by the total disease rate in the exposed group and multiplying by 100%, or with the formula ARP = 100%*((RR-1)/RR). Attributable risk is just the difference in risk between exposed and unexposed groups, and although the math in the example provided is correct, it would mean that smoking increases the risk of lung cancer by 20%. The ARP in this case would be 100%*((21-1)/21) = 95.2%, meaning that 95.2% of the risk of lung cancer in smokers is attributable to smoking. | Major erratum | Verified | I agree this fact can be clarified if just some words are deleted. The commenter seems to have an accurate description of AR and ARP. To fix this, I suggest re-writing column 2 of Attributable Risk to read: "The difference in risk between exposed and unexposed groups (eg, if risk of lung cancer in smokers is 21% and risk in nonsmokers is 1%, then the attributable risk is 20%)." -Matt D http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-readers/publications/epidemiology-uninitiated/3-comparing-disease-rates http://hihg.med.miami.edu/code/http/modules/education/Design/CoursePageContent.asp?ID=185 | I second Matt and AZ having reviewed 2017 and the provided resources. -MR | Took me a while to wrap my head around this one. If I've gotten this correctly, we're using verbiage of ARP definition in our definition of AR, but our math/example is still consistent with AR? If that's the case, migrate Matt's revised wording if Isabella/Miguel are on board (no 2nd author comment when I wrote this). -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace the text in column 2 of Attributable risk with the following: “The difference in risk between exposed and unexposed groups (eg, if risk of lung cancer in smokers is 21% and risk in nonsmokers is 1%, then the attributable risk is 20%).” | | 20 | | 03/22/17 8:44 PM | David | Shieh | david.shieh@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 851 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938757/ | Odds ratio calculation is incorrect says OR=(a/b)/(c/d) instead of OR=(a/c)/(b/d) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/15/17 3:14 PM | Elizabeth | Davis | egd002@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 852 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Observational studies | N/A | "Odd Cases" to remember that case-control studies use odds ratio as a measure. "Risky Cohorts" to remember that cohort studies use relative risk as a measure. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 11:56 AM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 853 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | https://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/PAR_e.htm | Attributable risk (AR) is difference in risk between exposed and unexposed groups. In contrast, the proportion of disease occurrences that are attributable to the exposure difference in risk between exposed and unexposed groups, or the proportion of disease occurrences that are attributable to the exposure is AR%, which is calculated as: Incidence(exposed) – Incidence(unexposed) ] ÷ Incidence(exposed. Therefore in the example given on p.248, if risk of lung cancer in smokers is 21% and risk in nonsmokers is 1%, then [(21-20)/21=95%] of the lung cancer risk in smokers is attributable to smoking, and not 20% as indicated. So, AR=20% but AR%=95% | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/30/17 1:40 PM | Akua Awuku | Adinkrah | adinkrah@live.ca | | | |||||||||||||||
| 854 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | kindly see the uworld table attached | Another equation that is used to calculate Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) is: ARR (absolute risk reduction) / Control Rate | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 10:40 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 855 | 248 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | uworld biostat review q id 13 | An intro that is missing is Attributable risk percentage (AR %), equations for it ==> RR-1/RR or AR / incidence in exposed | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 11:07 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 856 | 249 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Incidence vs prevalence | http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/EP/EP713_DiseaseFrequency/EP713_DiseaseFrequency7.html | If the frequency of disease is rare (i.e., <10% of the population has it), then the relationship can be expressed as follow: Prevalence = (Incidence Rate) x (Average Duration of Disease) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, as I think the addition of this formula is unnecessary. -Matt D | Yes, likely low yield. Besides, it's just a simplification of the formula we already have. lim(x->0) of x/(1-x) = 0, but before that, it's basically x. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/14/17 12:06 AM | Dara | Bakar | dara.bakar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 857 | 249 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Incidence vs prevalence | www.epidemiolog.net/studymat/.../incidence/IncidenceRateIncidenceProportion.doc | The formula for Incidence Rate listed here is actually that of Cumulative Incidence (#new cases of disease over a specified period / # of people at risk). In contrast, Incidence Rate is typically reported as number of cases per person-year. While many sources use these as synonyms, the aforementioned distinction is a more accurate way to describe it. | Minor erratum | Verified | [added to annotate] Maybe we should just strike the word "rate" -- otherwise I think the current definition is clear and should not be changed too much. -IW | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/20/17 12:26 PM | Scott | Shuldiner | sshuldiner@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 858 | 249 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Incidence vs prevalence | https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson3/section2.html | It would be good to add a type of incidence rate like the Attack rate, which is the cumulative incidence of infection in a group of people observed over a period of time during an epidemic. It is defined as the number of exposed people infected with the disease divided by the total number of exposed people. Attack rates typically are used in the investigation of acute outbreaks of disease, where they can help identify exposures that contributed to the illness (e.g., consumption of a specific food) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is interesting but not very commonly tested. Other opinions? -IW | | | | 06/27/17 11:26 AM | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | leidylauragh14@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 859 | 250 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Bias and study errors | First Aid Bias and Study Errors | CLaSS PROM? Confounding, Lead-time, Selection and Sampling, Procedure, Recall, Observer-expenctancy, and Measurement. | Mnemonic | Verified | Although creative, the mnemonic doest not provide substantial value for answering a two step question such as that found on Step 1. - Miguel R | Agree, it does help you memorize some of the types of bias, but for what purpose I cannot say. Not at all a helpful mnemonic. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/24/17 11:23 AM | Matthew | Culbert | matthew.m.culbert@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 860 | 250 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | http://handbook.cochrane.org/chapter_8/8_4_introduction_to_sources_of_bias_in_clinical_trials.htm | Please add some high yield points on " attrition bias" under selection bias as it is frequetly tested. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | [added to annotate] I believe attrition bias is very similar or the same as non-response bias (which we have listed). This is the second time I've seen a comment on this so maybe we should change the term. -IW http://methods.cochrane.org/bias/assessing-risk-bias-included-studies | | | | 05/09/17 9:40 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 861 | 250 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Bias and study errors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4249691/ http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/bs/bs704-ep713_confounding-em/bs704-ep713_confounding-em_print.html | In confounding bias , please mention about ** effect modification** mentioning that , it is not a bias and has to be differentiated from confounding. This concept is needed to solve questions. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accepted (already) - we are going to briefly mention effect modification here. -IW | | | | 05/09/17 9:49 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 862 | 250 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | UWorld Step 2 CK question ID 3947 | Effect modification: results when an external variable positively or negativey impacts the effect of a risk factor on the disease of interest. It can be distinguished from confounding by performing a stratified analysis centered on the variable of interest. Effect modification is not a bias, but rather a natural phenomenon that is important to recognize. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 8:41 PM | Tanuj | Chokshi | tanujc@outlook.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 863 | 250 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Bias and study errors | N/A | For Hawthrorne effect in Measurement bias--- hAWthorne-participants change their behavior in response to their AWareness of being observed. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/26/17 10:26 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 864 | 251 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Statistical hypotheses | Not needed | Highlight N from Null for No association and A from Alternative for Association between disease and risk factor in the population. | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is a necessary revision we need to make. -Miguel R | Not really helpful since that's already obvious/implied, as per Miguel. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/16/17 11:34 AM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||
| 865 | 251 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Statistical distribution | https://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php?stat_book=os | The 68%, 95%, and 99.7% confidence intervals cannot be calculated using |1σ|, |2σ|, |3σ|. Confidence intervals are not calculated using the standard deviation. They are calculated using the standard error which you have stated as σ/sqrt(n). I have attached a chapter on confidence intervals from OpenIntro Stats, a textbook used by many university introductory statistics courses. You will find the most pertinent information on pg. 175. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. I don't think we are saying the 68, 95, and 99.7% confidence intervals are derived that way. CI is the range in which the true mean is expected to fall. What we are saying is that 68% of all values will be within |1σ|, 95% of all values will be within |2σ|, and 99.7% of all values will be within |3σ|. We are not mentioning confidence intervals anywhere. -Matt D | I agree with Matt D or I would defer to expert opinion... - Isabella Wu | Yeah agree with Matt, no change. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/12/17 7:01 PM | Sheng | Zhou | shengzhoumi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 866 | 251 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Statistical hypotheses | not needed | The 2*2 table on the right side of the page better fits on next page ( pg 252) where *** "Correct result" , " Incorrect result [Type I error (α), Type II error (β)] ***are mentioned. It is important to note that the table explains the materials mentioned on page 252. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | [added to annotate] I think the commenter is suggesting moving the table from "statistical hypotheses" to "outcomes of statistical hypothesis testing" which are on the same page for now, but I would agree that this is helpful for future layouts. -IW | | | | 05/09/17 9:56 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 867 | 252 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Outcomes of statistical hypothesis testing | First Aid Outcomes of Statistical Hypothesis Testing | Increase Power of Study with PEPSI P=Power, E=Effect size, P=Precision, S=Sample size, I=Increases | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. First on potential copyright violations. Second, although creative, not necessary. -Miguel R | Agree with Miguel on all counts, would not consider this mnemonic. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/24/17 12:24 PM | Matthew | Culbert | matthew.m.culbert@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 868 | 252 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | UWorld | comment says "CI for population mean= X +/- Z(SE). However, SE or standard error, is used to calculate the CI of a sample. For a confidence interval based on a population (and not a sample), you wold replace standard error (SE) with standard deviation (SD) to yield CI= x +/- Z(SD) for the confidence interval of a population. | Minor erratum | Verified | Can we get an expert to review here? -Matt D | Agree with Matt D, it seems like a question for an expert to answer definitively. - Isabella Wu | Agree with authors -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | In column 2, replace “CI for population mean” with “CI for sample mean.” | | 10 | | 04/12/17 5:01 PM | Savan | Patel | svnpatel@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 869 | 252 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/confint.htm | When it says CI for population mean = x̄ ± Z(SE) it should clarify what SE is. There have been practice questions that have asked to calculate the CI and this equation was not enough. A more useful equation would be CI = mean ± Z(SD/√n) because (SD/√n) is the same as SE. | Clarification to current text | Verified | The equation for SE is stated in "Measures of dispersion" so I don't feel it's necessary to state it again. -IW | | | | 05/08/17 6:26 AM | Louis | Ma | louisma93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 870 | 253 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Ethical situations | https://firstaidteam.com/2016/12/30/whats-new-in-first-aid-for-the-usmle-step-1-2017/ | The green bar on the aforementioned page is titled "Behavioral Science Ethics". There is no chapter in the 2017 edition titled Behavioral Science. On 258, the section title format reverts to "Public Health Sciences - The Well Patient". Thanks! | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | OK as is | | | | 02/14/17 2:45 PM | Bharath | Guntupalli | guntupalli@gmx.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 871 | 254 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Decision-making capacity | First Aid Public Health Sciences | GIEMSA. Goals (consistent with goals and values of the patient) Informed (Patient is informed) Expresses a choice (communicates it) Mental Status (decision not a results of altered mental status) Stable (Stable over time) Age (Age >18 or in certain exceptions for minors) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like this mnemonic. All of these points are testable on Step 1. I can easily see a question seeing which of the main points is violated and requiring the test taker to remember GIEMSA. - Miguel R | Seems like a worthwhile mnemonic to consider, I will support its migration over for consideration this year. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 6:30 PM | Matthew | Culbert | matthew.m.culbert@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 872 | 254 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Informed consent | https://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm404975.htm | Informed consent have 8 components: 1. Description of Clinical Investigation 2. Risks and Discomforts 3 Benefits 4. Alternative Procedures or Treatments (including no treatment) 5. Confidentiality 6. Compensation and Medical Treatments in Event of Injury 7. Contacts 8. Voluntary Participation | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this might be a little too detailed, and 6 and 7 are not really testable? - IW | | | | 04/28/17 6:52 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 873 | 255 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Surrogate decision-maker | First Aid Surrogate Decision Maker | Priority of Surrogates Mnemonic. SPicy CHiPS: SPouse, CHildren, i, Parents, Siblings | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Similar mnemonic included in current edition. | Not a big fan, and already considering a similar (and arguably better) alternative. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 8:45 PM | Matthew | Culbert | matthew.m.culbert@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 874 | 256 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Child abuse | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/800657-clinical#b1 | Include scenario on appropriate ethical actions and legal requirements to report suspected child abuse (especially in emergency department setting) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, it seems child abuse has been completely removed from the public health section but this could be included in the scenarios/appropriate responses table. Patient is a child with suspicious injury pattern or injuries inconsistent with parental story. Could be an opportunity to state that physicians are mandatory reporters, etc. - Isabella Wu | Agree with Isabella, please work up an addition to the ethics examples (on Annotate or in a google doc with a link placed in an Annotate comment). -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/30/16 4:04 PM | Brielle | Gerry | bvg6er@virginia.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 875 | 256 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Ethical situations | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sway | The text states that "Unless there are specific medical risks associated with PREGNANCY, a physician should not sway the patient’s decision for an elective abortion". However, it should state that unless there are risks associated with the ABORTION, the physician should not sway the patient's decision. The current statement implies that if there's a risk for my patient in being pregnant, I'll encourage her pregnancy. | Minor erratum | Verified | [added to annotate] Agree with rewording in some way but not the exact proposal suggested. -IW | | | | 05/16/17 10:23 AM | Jorge | Rosario | jorgerosario.93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 876 | 256 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | NEW FACT | http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI_278/Other/Clerkship/Didactics/Readings/ETHICS%20AND%20THE%20DOCTOR.pdf | Suggested addition to ethical scenarios: Patient is having trouble affording their medication and asks to borrow money from you. Explain to the patient that it would be unethical to lend them money. Doctors must maintain appropriate boundaries in the patient-doctor relationship. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I don't think that many patients ask their physicians to borrow money? Have not seen this scenario tested before. -IW | | | | 07/04/17 12:43 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 877 | 257 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Ethical situations | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16299196 | Jehovah's witness case is wrong, missing key details. If mother and daughter have documentation (jehova's witness card) then you do not treat. If there is no documentation and communication with proxy/parent (ie Father in this case) is there then refer to father's decision. If no communication AND no documentation, then transfuse both. | Major erratum | Verified | Agreeing with AZ. This is a very grey area. The same article also states that advanced directives can be overruled citing the "Dorone" case if there is uncertainty regarding the documentation. -MR | This example must have come from UWorld then, but the more technical points brought up by this individual are compelling, and I believe this example deserves a re-look. Here's the full PDF of the article cited: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1726617/pdf/v022p00869.pdf If we have Ethics faculty on board to review this one, that would be helpful. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Sylvia Smoller | this seems reasonable | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 02/27/17 6:02 PM | Jason L. | Wang | jwang325@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 878 | 258 | Public Health Sciences | | | The Well Patient | Early developmental milestones | https://www-uptodate-com.lb-proxy2.touro.edu/contents/neurologic-examination-of-the-newborn?source=search_result&search=moro%20reflex&selectedTitle=1~9 | Grasp reflexes (palmar and plantar) are well established by 32 weeks of age and disappear by 3 mo. of age. Current text states palmar grasp disappears by 6 mo. | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree that the sources are a bit confusing on when the grasp reflex disappears. Suggest expert review of this. -RG | Waiting for expert review. -Matt D | First, the UTD wording can be a bit confusing, should be established by 32 weeks gestational age (32 weeks after birth is 8 months age). Second, yes, there is a disagreement on when the reflex is extinguished. UTD says 3 months, FAS12017 says 6 months. Wikipedia (lol) says 5-6 months of age. Primary lit says it disappears "usually by 6 months of age." Defer to faculty. -AZ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar_grasp_reflex https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpedi/2012/191562/ | Disagreement/need expert | Sylvia Smoller | not my expertise - I defer to the pediatricians | | | | 01/22/17 11:43 PM | Ankeet | Vakharia | ankeet.vakharia@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 879 | 258 | Public Health Sciences | | | The Well Patient | Early developmental milestones | my own | The mnemonic for milestones sucks! For a foreign student "child rearing working" doesn't even sound like a sentence so I had to change the mnemonics 1.First I changed the nine very hard mnemonics “parent start observing, child rearing working, don’t forget they’re still learning” to six mnemonics “parents scream, children run, Don’t forget!”. 2.So I had to correct the contents to fit into the mnemonics -- “orients first to voice” as “speech” to fit into “S of scream.” -- “oratory mama & dada” as “speech” to fit into “S of scream. “ -- “object permananence” I took the P instead of O to fit into “P of Parents” -- I deleted “words –200..” & “language -1000 words” and study them separately as “200 -2 yrs 3 zeros 3 yrs” coz they are absolutely perfect mnemonics and nothing to confuse -- I changed “legands” to “Folktales” to fit into “F of Forget” -- I changed “Cutlery” to “Curry” as I don’t even know what cutlery is -- I changed “Recreation for parallel play” to “recuiting play” but that’s not very bad I don’t know if you guys know but not a lot of students know how to study that portion and I’ve asked in the forum how they study and no one can tell. All the answers I get is they watch their children grow. The problem is the divided – in – nine – hard - to – recall – mnemonics. I took the exam two mths ago but I was just too bored to write. First aid will always be the best source for the students and a 5 star source that is irreplaceable Please put more treatments in micro coz these getting to step 2 level (like IE Drug of choice) Thanks first aid, the best exam preparation book I have ever seen | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Suggestion noted but proposed alternative is not better. Will look into alternative. - MR | Quite a bit of feedback, and while the submission may be on to something, it is a more minor point. Moreover, I agree that the replacement proposed isn't any better. Inclined to reject this proposal. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 2:14 AM | Pyae Htwe | Pyae Htwe | giddyjipsy@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 880 | 258 | Public Health Sciences | | | The Well Patient | Early developmental milestones | fadem behavioral/ bates | The ages at witch the primitive reflexes are wrong for palmar grasp and rooting: rooting disappears 3-4, palmar grasp disappears 3-4. | Major erratum | Verified | Moved to a different chapter (Repro I think). -IW | | | | 08/01/17 1:24 PM | Daniel | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 881 | 259 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | Came up with it | For Disease Prevention of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. A good mnemonic to remember what each one is for is "PDR". P=Prevent D=Detect R=Reduce Disability | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not HY enough to justify implementation. - MR | I doubt the student came up with this. It's pretty widely used. But yes, not really a mnemonic we need to add. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/17/17 6:07 PM | Abdulkader | Hmidan Simsam | abdul6hhs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 882 | 259 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Disease prevention | None needed | For disease prevention: Primary = Prevent, Secondary = Screen, Tertiary = Treat, Quaternary = Quality | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/03/17 2:43 PM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 883 | 260 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Healthcare payment models | https://innovation.cms.gov/initiatives/bundled-payments/; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4471872/ | Bundled Payments: Under a typical bundled payment agreement, a health care provider receives a fixed, lump-sum payment to be divided at its discretion among the facilities and providers involved with a discrete episode of care for a given patient. The intent of the policy is to decrease health care spending while maintaining or improving quality of care. Risk-adjusted payment is contingent on good outcomes. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I would be fine with adding this to the "healthcare payment models" fact, but I am not convinced that this fact is that frequently tested overall. Would definitely reword the suggestion though. "Healthcare organization receives a set amount per service, regardless of how much the service ends up costing, to be divided among all providers and facilities involved." - Isabella Wu | I doubly agree. While this may be low yield, it is very relevant to the topic and I think Isabella's wording is concise and delivers the message. - MR | Agree with Isabella & Miguel. I'm also on board with Isabella's wording, below again here: "Healthcare organization receives a set amount per service, regardless of how much the service ends up costing, to be divided among all providers and facilities involved." -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/28/17 6:18 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 884 | 260 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ACO/index.html?redirect=/Aco | Can place below Hospice Care -- Accountable Care Organizations: ACOs are groups of doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers, who come together voluntarily to give coordinated high quality care to their Medicare patients. The goal of coordinated care is to ensure that patients, especially the chronically ill, get the right care at the right time, while avoiding unnecessary duplication of services and preventing medical errors. ACO’s have been used to benefit for recipients of Hospice Care. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I don't think this should go in the Hospice Care fact. Would be more appropriate to include with HMO / PPO / EPO but an ACO is not really a 'major medical insurance plan.' - Isabella Wu | ACO's are pretty important to know (well, unless Trump gets rid of everything from Obamacare, in which case it's a moot point, but assuming that's not the case...), so I'd recommend adding something. Maybe in a different spot than proposed. If authors are opposed that's also fine I guess... -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/28/17 6:19 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 885 | 260 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Medicare and Medicaid | https://www.medicaid.gov/index.html | Medic"AID": provides AID to those with limited income and/or resources | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This does contribute value to the current text. -MR | Not at all helpful, I agree. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 2:17 PM | Jamie | Strike | jamiestrike91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 886 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Quality measurements | N/A | In the Quality Measurements table, add "Value". Measure = what patients are willing to pay for. Example = clinician time | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, not testable Step 1 material in my opinion. - Isabella Wu | Agree, likely not testable. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 6:20 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 887 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | N/A | Add to the Quality and Safety subsection: Lean Healthcare - A management system and culture designed as a way we work by adding value for our patients and eliminating waste, where every employee is empowered to continuously improve their processes. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, not testable Step 1 material in my opinion. - Isabella Wu | Likely not testable. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 6:21 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 888 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | N/A | Addition to "Safety Culture": Change campaigns can foster a culture of quality and safety which may include selecting a go-live date for a new campaign, providing education prior to the campaign starting with all stakeholders, and placing poster indicating change elements throughout the wards as a reminder of the culture of safety. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, not testable Step 1 material in my opinion. - Isabella Wu | Reject, not relevant for Step 1. -Matt D | Agree w/ authors. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 6:22 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 889 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | PDSA cycle | N/A | Addition below "Act" of PDSA: Doing small tests of change will let you know if your ideas are working. Must be accompanied by ongoing measurement. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. Unsure if commenter is trying to describe the PDSA cycle overall or just the Act step. This is an inaccurate definition of the Act step, and a redundant explanation of the PDSA cycle. - Isabella Wu | The commenter is just describing PDSA all over again. Reject. -Matt D | Agree with Matt & Isabella. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 6:22 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 890 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | https://www.cms.gov/medicare/medicare-fee-for-service-payment/acuteinpatientpps/readmissions-reduction-program.html | Readmission for an avoidable/preventable (not including planned readmissions i.e., chemotherapy) reason within 30 days of index discharge. Text currently states "Readmission for any reason within 30 days of original admission. CMS penalizes health systems based on preventable readmissions and planned readmissions are not included in the penalty. Further, the readmission is not from 30 days of original admission, it is from index (original) discharge. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with adjusting the footnote as the editor suggests. -RG | At the very least, based on this submission and the associated CMS source provided, I see good reason to clarify the current footnote of the readmissions table on p261 by modifying from "within 30 days of original admission" to "within 30 days of discharge from original admission" As far as the other details (i.e., planned vs. unplanned), I'm not sure we really need to go into it, and honestly this is pretty specific to chemo cycles. Would say at least the first part of this submission merits actionable changes in 2018. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Sylvia Smoller | agree with Editor'd comment on modification to "within 30 days of discharge from original admission."www | | Will not include in online errata document per Andy (still add to Annotate) | | 5 | | 01/28/17 6:26 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 891 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | https://www.cms.gov/mmrr/Downloads/MMRR2014_004_02_a01.pdf | Reducing Preventable Readmissions: • Scheduling 7-day follow-up appointment with primary care physician upon index discharge • Discharge planning before patients leave the hospital • Provider follow-up by phone or electronic communication | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I do not believe this topic warrants its own fact. Could maybe include in the footnote below the "Hospitalized conditions with frequent readmissions" table, but I would shorten the suggestion to simply "Reduce preventable readmissions via discharge planning and scheduling follow-up with provider." Still doesn't seem that testable. - Isabella Wu | I partially agree with Isabella. I see no reason why her suggested footnote shouldn't be added. It is very simple and it won't add any bulk to the overall book. After "Readmission for any reason within 30 days of original admission" add: "Readmissions may be reduced by discharge planning and outpatient follow-up appointments." -Matt D | I like Matt's concise proposed addition for this one, please implement per his comment. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/28/17 6:26 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 892 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Medical error analysis | N/A | Add to Medical Error Analysis -- Problem Solving A3: An A3 is a structured template for guiding quality improvement efforts. It reinforces a deeper understanding of the way work is currently being conducted. Limited to a single page, it serves as a succinct communication tool for the team. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This suggestion is not high yield for Step 1. -Miguel Rovira | Reject, not relevant for Step 1. -Matt D | Hmm, I'm familiar with A3's / their importance, and we are still expanding this section based on student feedback. It's not explicitly mentioned in the USMLE Content Outline, but it kind of fits into the broader topics. Check this out: http://www.usmle.org/pdfs/usmlecontentoutline.pdf Not strongly in favor of including, but didn't want to totally dismiss this one. Same bundle as the other submissions for this one. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/28/17 6:23 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 893 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Medical error analysis | https://www.isixsigma.com/methodology/lean-methodology/many-sides-gemba-walk/ | Add to Medical Error Analysis -- Gemba Walking: A gemba (and sometimes genba) walk is the term used to describe personal observation of work – where the work is happening. The original Japanese term comes from gembutsu, which means “real thing.”1 It also sometimes refers to the “real place.” This concept stresses: • Observation: In-person observation, the core principle of the tool • Value-add location: Observing where the work is being done (as opposed to discussing a warehouse problem in a conference room) • Teaming: Interacting with the people and process in a spirit of Kaizen (“change for the better”) | Clarification to current text | Verified | This suggestion is not high yield for Step 1. -Miguel Rovira | Reject, agree with Miguel. Not high yield. - IWu | Agree with Miguel & Isabella, never heard of Gemba Walking and can't see anything being asked about this on USMLE. Also, I think this submission was copy/pasted from a google definition... -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 6:23 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 894 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Medical error analysis | N/A | Add to Medical Error Analysis -- Process Maps: Graphical representation of a defined process. Improvements are usually very small – but easy to implement. Enables short term tactical planning. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This suggestion is not high yield for Step 1. -Miguel Rovira | Reject, not relevant for Step 1. -Matt D | Not familiar with Process Maps, but tentatively add to Annotate to seek faculty/crowdproofer opinion on whether it's worth adding. Same bundle as the other submissions for this one. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/28/17 6:24 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 895 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | Medical error analysis | N/A | Add to Medical Error Analysis -- Value Stream Maps: Focuses on improving the whole, not optimizing pieces of the process. Identifies non-value added activities “within” & “between” the process and enables a long term strategy. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, not relevant for Step 1. -Matt D | Reject, not testable Step 1 material in my opinion. - Isabella Wu | Not familiar with Value Stream Maps, but tentatively add to Annotate to seek faculty/crowdproofer opinion on whether it's worth adding. Same bundle as the other submissions for this one. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/28/17 6:24 PM | Aram | Namavar | aram.namavar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 896 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Quality and Safety | Medical error analysis | http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/lwit/assets/downloads/human-failure.pdf | Types of medical errors: Slips; when an action is not carried out as intended or planned (e.g. nurse gives IV insulin instead of subcutaneously). Lapses; are missed actions and omissions (e.g. forgetting to order K+ supplementation in a patient receiving furosemide). Mistakes; are specific type of error caused by faulty planning and decision making (e.g. ordering a wrong test) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I can't imagine these facts being on Step 1, I think we should reject. It has been some time since I have taken Step 1, but this just seems low yield. One could make an argument that we can add it to Annotate, crowdsource it, and then have the cross-reference team take a look. But I would disagree with that argument. -Matt D | Reject, not testable Step 1 material in my opinion. - Isabella Wu | I can't see this being testable content. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/03/17 12:44 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodriíguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 897 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/approach-to-the-critically-ill-patient/critical-care-scoring-systems | Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II). It generates a point score ranging from 0 to 71 based on 12 physiologic variables, taking in account the worse values during the initial 24 hours in the ICU | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is not high yield for Step 1. - Miguel Rovira | Reject, very low yield for Step 1. -Matt D | LY -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/07/17 11:44 AM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 898 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Quality and Safety | Types of medical errors | General Principle | It says: "Errors causing harmful outcomes must be disclosed to patients." However, it should read: "Physicians are ethically obligated to disclose errors to the patient, regardless of outcome of the error." | Minor erratum | Verified | [added to annotate] Agree; a significant error that has a safe outcome should still be disclosed. That would be the correct answer on a test. -IW | | | | 05/04/17 2:48 PM | Max | Blumberg | maxjblumberg@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 899 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Quality and Safety | NEW FACT | atom.kaptest.com/qbanck/review/9066696/27 | Medical Never Events | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. -IW | | | | 05/14/17 9:30 PM | Sarelis | De Los Santos | sarelisdelossantos@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 900 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Quality and Safety | Medical error analysis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723196/ | Types of Active error | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject? -IW | | | | 05/14/17 9:53 PM | Sarelis | De Los Santos | sarelisdelossantos@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 901 | 263 | Cardiovascular | | | Abbreviations and Symbols | NEW FACT | http://www.dynamicpotency.com/words-and-wisdom-osteopathic-quotes-2/ | The present AT Still quote is neither inspiring or representative or his better quotes. "When every part of the machine is correctly adjusted and in perfect harmony, health will hold dominion over the human organism by laws as natural and immutable as the laws of gravity" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. This is an opinion and not erratum. -MR | | | | 05/31/17 3:31 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 902 | 264 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | Only a mnemonic | Chronic Alcoholics Steal Pheny Pheno and Never Rifle Grizzlies who want their Carbs. Pheny sounds like funny and can be remembered better than Phen-Phen, the rifampin sounds better with rifle, and the grizzly goes better with the whole "Always Think When Outdoors" portion of C-450 substrates. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/18/17 3:30 PM | Andrew | Starr | andrewtstarr@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 903 | 268 | Cardiovascular | | | Embryology | Heart embryology | http://cardiovascularsystemud.weebly.com/the-heart.html Please note that I used the diagram from this website in order to devise the basic organizational layout of my own diagram. I illustrated all of the features listed in first aid (except fro endocardial cushions) in the orientation that I believe they would appear in real life. | I think adding a diagram to this section would make it much easier to learn. Please see the attached schematic. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Comment does not provide appropriate page number and our chapter already has heart embryology diagrams. -MR | | | | 06/24/17 12:33 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 904 | 269 | Cardiovascular | | | Embryology | Heart morphogenesis | FA 2017 + OCD | Remove periods at the end of the list items in the right-hand column of "Outflow tract formation" to maintain internal formatting consistency (e.g. see pg. 271, list of pericardium layers) | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | 03/06/17 1:14 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 905 | 270 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=tricuspid+insufficiency&x=0&y=0, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricuspid_insufficiency | Under X decent - "Absent in tricuspid regurgitation. Prominent in tricuspid insufficiency..." Tricuspid insufficiency is the same thing as tricuspid regurgitation (TR) so this can't possibly be true | Minor erratum | Verified | Already fixed in FA 2017. Reject - Tarunpreet D | This is referring to 2016 edition, this was fixed in 2017. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 12/31/16 12:58 PM | Andrew | Griswold | andrew.griswold.ma@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 906 | 270 | Cardiovascular | | | Embryology | Fetal-postnatal derivatives | Personally derived | Proposed mnemonic (ligaments associated w/ the "A's"): "A"llaNtois --> mediaN umbilical ligament; umbilical "A"rteries --> medial umbilical ligament (helps differentiate b/w umbilical arteries vs. vein) | Mnemonic | Verified | The median umbilical ligament is a little helpful and the medial umbilical ligmant is not helpful. Reject* with consideration for improvement. - MR | Not a big fan of this mnemonic either and would say it's a bit too much of a stretch to implement, thus, going to support rejection. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/24/17 1:27 PM | Vikrant | Sandhu | vsandhu@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 907 | 270 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/709882_8 | In tricuspid insufficiency, there is an absent x wave, not a prominent one. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | See above comment. This fact is already fixed. -Matt D | Already fixed. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/24/17 5:17 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 908 | 270 | Cardiovascular | | | Embryology | Fetal-postnatal derivatives | Beckers Anatomy 2017 chapter 8- 22 major congenital tube defects | the allantois is a connection between the cloaca and the umbilicus during fetal life. Malformation of the closure of the allantois will present as a newborn leakingurine at the umbilical stamp | Clarification to current text | Verified | Defer for consideration next year. -MR | Low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 08/17/17 2:36 PM | Aury | Fernandez | as.fm@live.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 909 | 271 | Cardiovascular | | | Miscellaneous | NEW FACT | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1014167#a-citingarticles | Voice hoarseness due to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve as a consequence of atrial or pulmonary artery enlargement is called Ortner Syndrome. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is low-yield in my opinion. JY | Low yield, reject. -Matt D | Low yield. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/11/17 2:01 PM | Ángel Alejandro | Campos Rodríguez | alejandro.campos@live.com.mx | | | |||||||||||
| 910 | 271 | Cardiovascular | | | Anatomy | Anatomy of the heart | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18652764 | The AV node is supplied by the AV nodal artery, which is in turn supplied by the PDA. So the AV blood supply depends upon circulatory dominance (typically RCA). The SA node blood supply does not depend upon circulatory dominance. | Clarification to current text | Verified | In image on pg 271, it is already written that PDA supplies AV node, and in the text it is written that PDA arises from either RCA or LCX. I think we should be consistent with the first sentence. I think I remember this discussion from last year, but I do not recall what we concluded. We can change the first sentence to: "SA node supplied by RCA, AV node supplied by PDA." The following lines add clarity. -Matt D | Agree w/ Matt's revision, it makes the impact of right/left dominant circulation more evident -John P | I would state it as such (and we can work on it on Annotate): "SA node commonly supplied by RCA, AV node supplied by PDA. Thus, SA node blood supply does not depend on dominance." This avoids the "37% of cases the SA node artery was a branch of the left coronary artery or one of its branches." Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine, 3rd edition | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace the first paragraph with the following: “SA node commonly supplied by RCA (blood supply independent of dominance); AV node supplied by PDA. Infarct may cause nodal dysfunction (bradycardia or heart block).” | | 5 | | 03/16/17 5:33 PM | Daniel | Huff | Daniel-Huff@ouhsc.edu | | | |||||||
| 911 | 272 | Cardiovascular | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Auscultation of the heart | - | All Patient Like Taking Medicine, or just All Patient Take Medicine ( if left sternal border is not included). | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Rej | | | | 01/15/17 4:44 PM | Niranjan | Pandey | ndprulz@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 912 | 272 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac output | N/A | Text says "Diastole is perferentially shortened with increased HR; less filling time leads to decreased CO". This is not necessarily true as is alluded to in the paragraph right before this one. CO is maintained via the increased HR. SV goes down due to decreased filling time, which may or may not lead to decreased CO (depending on how fast). Proposed statement: "less filling time leads to decreased SV". | Minor erratum | Verified | We are correct: "However as the HR rises, there is less time spent in diastole and consequently less time for the ventricles to fill with blood. Even though there is less filling time, SV will initially remain high. However, as HR continues to increase, SV gradually decreases due to decreased filling time. CO will initially stabilize as the increasing HR compensates for the decreasing SV, but at very high rates, CO will eventually decrease as increasing rates are no longer able to compensate for the decreasing SV." http://cnx.org/exports/49351638-09b0-4ab1-85cd-e62ba09ffccb@5.pdf/cardiac-physiology-5.pdf | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 02/12/17 1:02 PM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 913 | 273 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac output variables | N/A | Test says, "LV compensates for increased afterload by thickening (hypertrophy) in order to decrease wall tension." Laplace's law is shown in the "Myocardial oxygen demand" fact as "wall tension" = (pressure x radius) and that "wall stress" = (pressure x radius) / (2 x wall thickness). Therefore, increaseing thickness of ventricular wall will decrease wall stress (which has "wall thickness" in its denominator), not wall tension. | Minor erratum | Verified | I don't necessarily understand what this client is getting at. What we have is correct. Hypertrophy decreases wall tension if wall stress remains the same. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 02/12/17 1:24 PM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 914 | 273 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac output variables | http://tmedweb.tulane.edu/pharmwiki/doku.php/digitalis_glycosides | On page 273, it says that digitalis decreases the Na+/Ca+ exchanger activity. Isn't there the same or more activity but in the reverse direction? | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. Statement in current text is correct. -MR | Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/04/17 5:28 PM | Anuja | Trivedi | anuja137@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 915 | 275 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pacemaker action potential | Non needed, mnemonic | To help remember that Phase 4 accounts for automaticity of SA and AV node: "AUTOMATIC 4 wheeler"; or "SAAV Automatic 4 wheeler". | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/09/17 10:44 PM | Anneris | Estevez | mellizas@comcast.net | | | ||||||||||||
| 916 | 275 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac and vascular function curves | not needed | Page 275 in FA 2017, in graph A on the X axis the arrow pointed to " Median Systemic Pressure". It should be " Mean Systemic Pressure". (spelling mistake) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree, change to mean systemic pressure reference: BRS Physiology JY | I agree, change in errata and 2018 to "Mean Systemic Pressure" -Matt D | Agree, change to "Mean systemic pressure." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/11/17 2:51 PM | Hassan | Mandil | hassanm90@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 917 | 275 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac and vascular function curves | n/a | The x axis label "RA pressure or EDV" for the first graph at the top is partially cut off. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | This is true for image A. I do not know the correct way to fix this, is it an image problem or a publishing issue? -Matt D | Insignificant change. Seems like a minor image editing issue. Will leave it to editor's discretion - Tarunpreet D | Agree, this can be corrected by Rainbow. Note in annotate for fix. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/06/17 9:41 PM | Olive | Tang | otang1@jhu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 918 | 275 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac and vascular function curves | 2016 First Aid | graph A under cardiac and vascular function curves should say "mean systemic pressure" INSTEAD of "median systemic pressure" | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree, mean systemic pressure is the accepted term. Source: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, chpt 20. Change label of x-intercept to "Mean systemic pressure" -Matt D | Agree - Tarunpreet D | Corrected above. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 11:52 PM | Mai-Anh | Vuong-Dac | ma1anhvuong@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 919 | 275 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac and vascular function curves | No need | On Photograph C, The crossing point of the 3 curves should be of the same x- value because they are at a given of same RA pressure | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. It doesn't mean the venous output and CO are necessarily at the same X value. -MR | Agree with author, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/31/17 12:51 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 920 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | None needed | In the graph for Afterload, there is unnecessary use of parenthesis around "Aortic pressure", with the up arrow next to it, outside the parenthesis. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I'll add this inquiry to Annotate. -CD | Sure, remove parentheses. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/06/17 9:25 AM | Safal | Bijukshe | priyeshthakurathi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 921 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | FA 2017 | In the first figure, add "increased (up-arrow) EDV" under the green "increased preload" text on the right to parallel the changes in ESV under increased contractility & afterload | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, I think this is redundant, as EDV and preload are equivalent terms. -Matt D | Reject - Tarunpreet D | Agree with authors, reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/06/17 1:47 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 922 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | http://www.cvphysiology.com/Cardiac%20Function/CF025 | Increase in Pre-Load = increase in SV and increase in EF | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This fact is already evident on page 274 on the Starling curve and its description. -Matt D | Reject, fact already depicted in the image - Tarunpreet D | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/12/17 4:27 PM | Luqman | Goraya | Luqman.m.goraya@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 923 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart murmurs | Macleod's Clinical Examination 2013, page 121-124 | A mnemonic for respiratory variation of heart sounds. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Will consider for section though. Supporting reference was investigated and did not provide any mnemonics; however, it looks like a reliable source for learning heart physio. -MR | There isn't a suggestion here to work with at all, reject. This is incomplete. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/04/17 10:19 AM | Matthew | Bartlett | matthewbartlett@rcsi.ie | | | ||||||||||||
| 924 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart murmurs | Macleod's Clinical Examination 2013, page 121-124 | A mnemonic for respiratory variation of heart sounds - lEft sided heart murmurs are loudest on Expiration (e in left --> expiration), rIght murmurs are loudest on Inspiration (i in right --> inspiration) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Source investigated. Mnemonic doesn't account for VSD (inspiration) or HCM (expiration). | Too much of a stretch and I don't think this mnemonic is intuitive for students to learn well. I am in favor of rejection. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/04/17 10:21 AM | Matthew | Bartlett | matthewbartlett@rcsi.ie | | | ||||||||||||
| 925 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | First Aid 2017 | v wave - venous villing (filling) of right atrium | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We already have a decent mnemonic for memorizing v-wave. -MR | Not bad, but our current mnemonic is better, I agree. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/07/17 11:21 AM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 926 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK342/ | The S4 sound is described to be best heard at the left lateral decubitus position, but this is charasteristic of the S3 sound. "The patient is examined supine and then turned to a 30° left lateral position with the left arm extended upward away from the chest and the weight comfortably supported by the left hip, lateral chest, and left arm. The left lateral position is of critical importance because the ventricular gallop is often heard only with the patient turned to the side | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/30/17 4:03 PM | Nelimar | Cruz Centeno | nelimarcc@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 927 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2390899/ | The pressure-volume curve for increased contractility should have an increased pressure in addition to decreased ESV, as depicted in the attached diagram and in the article. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 06/19/17 7:23 PM | Jonathan | Burke | jonathandburke@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 928 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | https://basicmedicalkey.com/3-cardiovascular-and-nervous-system/ | Given it's inclusion in many question stems, I think a diagram or table of JVP wave abnormalities would be very useful (see attached) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/28/17 4:17 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 929 | 277 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Splitting | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiologic-and-pathophysiologic-consequences-of-mechanical-ventilation?source=search_result&search=exhalation%20vs%20expiration&selectedTitle=3~150 | Expiration is not the opposite of inspiration. Expiration means death, exhalation is the opposite of inspiration. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 08/31/17 8:34 PM | Chyleigh | Harmon | chyleigh.harmon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 930 | 278 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Auscultation of the heart | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-common-causes-of-cardiac-murmurs-in-infants-and-children?source=machineLearning&search=asd%20murmur&selectedTitle=2~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H347763093#H347763093 | UNDER TRICUSPID AUSCULTATION: ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT RESULTS IN A SSTOLIC MURMUR AS A RESULT OF INCREASED FLOW THROUGH PULMONIC VALVE. AFTER DEVELOPING LEFT TO RIGHT SHUNT, THE MURMUR BECOMES A SOFT DIASTOLIC MURMUR, | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not an error as a diastolic murmur across the tricuspid valve may be present. [1] RR Pathology does discuss about the mid-systolic pulmonary murmur, [2] however we've covered the most important fact which is the split S2. Since we've covered flow murmur under pulmonic region, changes are not absolutely necesssary, alternatively we can consider flow murmur (eg, ASD) 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-atrial-septal-defects-in-adults?source=see_link#H24 2. Goljan RR Pathology JY Ng | http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/circulationaha/34/1/132.full.pdf http://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0801/p558.html Would leave as is - there is definitely a diastolic murmur. There is also a systolic murmur but that is not as important. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/08/17 1:01 AM | PASHA | SHAKOORI | PASHA.SHAKOORI@UPHS.UPENN.EDU | | | ||||||||||||
| 931 | 278 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Auscultation of the heart | http://www.cvphysiology.com/Cardiac%20Function/CF025 ; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiologic-and-pharmacologic-maneuvers-in-the-differential-diagnosis-of-heart-murmurs-and-sounds | I propose a radical change to the way the information in the 2nd half of the page is presented (see attachment for details). I believe this presentation of information gets at the physiology better, and is easier to remember by categorizing how the murmurs work with cardiac variable changes, and what maneuvers cause those changes | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think having two tables, rather than one, adds too much bulk to this topic, that already takes up two pages. I think we can keep the current format. -Matt D | Whole point of FA is to keep info as concise as possible. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Murmurs are already becoming fairly low yield, where's the echo? Reject. -YC -Sounds like a true ED doc!- -Matt D | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 12:16 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 932 | 278 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Auscultation of the heart | N/A | Under "Tricuspid area: Diastolic murmur," the "T" in "Tricuspid stenosis" is bolded (it shouldn't be). | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agreed, there is a minor formatting error with bolding -John P | Accept (minor errata) - Tarunpreet D | Sure, unbold. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/17/17 10:04 AM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 933 | 278 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Auscultation of the heart | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/auscultation-of-cardiac-murmurs-in-adults | auscultate Sep(T)al defects heart at (T)ricuspid area | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Works and has a source. -MR | Clever, given the complexity of heart sounds. I agree with this proposal being migrated for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 11:29 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 934 | 279 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart murmurs | not needed | ARMS is a mnemonic for diastolic heart murmurs. Aortic regurgitation, and mitral stenosis. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I feel like this kind of information can be stored easily just from knowing the concepts structurally. -MR | This is a bit too simple for my liking, as the material is very easy and intuitive to learn directly without a simple mnemonic. Agree with rejecting. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/02/17 8:24 AM | Austin | Castillo | austinccastillo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 935 | 279 | Cardiovascular | | | Systems | Heart murmurs | None needed | ARMS. Used to identify diastolic murmurs. Aortic Regurgitation, Mitral Stenosis | Mnemonic | Duplicate | ^same as above. Reject. I feel like this kind of information can be stored easily just from knowing the concepts structurally. -MR | Duplicate, reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/02/17 10:56 AM | Austin | Castillo | Austinccastillo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 936 | 279 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart murmurs | N/a - mnemonic | To remember the Systolic murmurs quickly. "MR. ASS" = Mitral Regurg and Aortic Stenosis are Systolic. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Good but unfortunately beyond the PG-13 rating for our book. Plus the concept is not that hard to remember. -MR | It's not even all that inappropriate. It's just too simple and the material covered does not need a mnemonic. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/13/17 9:45 PM | Kevin | Shrestha | kevins@uab.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 937 | 279 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart murmurs | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/auscultation-of-heart-sounds#H34 | Aortic stenosis has an ejection click after S1, followed by the murmur. The murmur does not begin immediately after S1. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. The ejection click is clearly already written in the text of this fact. -Matt D | Agreed, image does not show ejection click which may or may not be present. Not sure how to represent this critique visually. diagram of murmur with click seen here: http://www.texasheart.org/Education/CME/explore/events/HSPS_aortic_stenosis.cfm | Reject, we clearly state "may be present." It is not always present and does not have to be diagrammed. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/25/17 1:34 PM | Hayden | Hatch | hamhatch@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 938 | 279 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart murmurs | Self | Causes of Aortic Stenosis - CRUST: (C)ongenital bicuspid valve; (R)heumatic heart disease; (U)nicuspid aortic valve; (S)enile calcification; (T)ertiary syphilis | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject - 1) Unicuspid aortic valve is extremely rare and therefore low yield.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4473628/ 2) Tertiary syphilis does not cause aortic stenosis, rather syphilitic aortitis | Not a bad mnemonic, but have to agree, some of the entries are not ideal for learning (the unicuspid valve and syphilis). Would thus not be in favor of addition. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 2:34 PM | Guarina | Molina | guarinamolinamd@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 939 | 279 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart murmurs | none | Way to remember PDA heart murmur: "PDA (public displays of affection) are continuously annoying" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Catchy and helpful. -MR | Clever and catchy, I am OK with it too being considered this year. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/09/17 10:05 AM | Eitan | Fleischman | fleische@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 940 | 281 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pacemaker action potential | http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A004; Physiology Costanza; Uworld 2016 | Phase 4: "If channels responsible for a slow, mixed Na+/K+ inward current" I-f channels (or f channels) only carries Na inward current. There is also contribution to phase 4 depolarization by T type Ca channels. but K current is not through the I-f channel and is always outward.Initially the slow Na channels (If) cause spontaneous depolarization. When it reaches about -55mv T-type Ca channels open contributing to the phase 4 depolarization. When about -40 mv is reached the L type Ca channels open and Cause phase 0 depolarization. | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree, "IK2 was in fact shown to be, like If, an inward current activated on hyperpolarization and carried by Na+ and K+..." [1] "If , also called the pacemaker or “funny” current. This current is activated by hyperpolarization and is carried by Na+ and K+" [2] 1. http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/106/3/434#sec-1 2. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 33, 629-661.e1 3. Medical Physiology, Chapter 21, 483-506.e1 JY Ng | Agree with Shane, keep as is; Braunwald's supports our text. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 01/08/17 10:43 PM | Pratima | Gautam | priyeshthakurathi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 941 | 281 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pacemaker action potential | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/temporary-cardiac-pacing | think pacemaker potential as an electrical issue like an internet error 404, but use "error 403" for phase 4,0,3 | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I think this one is too much a stretch. -MR | Too convoluted, reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 11:32 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 942 | 282 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Electrocardiogram | self made | U wave- prominent in hyp(u)kalemia (for hypokalemia) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Works and is a high yield association. -MR | I'm not a big fan, but can't hurt to let the chapter author team take a look. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/08/17 4:59 PM | Rajbir Singh | Pannu | rajbir_96@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 943 | 282 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | ECG tracings | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ecg-tutorial-basic-principles-of-ecg-analysis?source=search_result&search=normal%20ecg&selectedTitle=1~150#H8 | The diagram of a normal ECG tracing shows a symmetric T wave. This is incorrect. Normal T wave morphology involves slow upstroke and rapid downstroke; the normal T wave is ASYMMETRIC (peak occurs late along the time axis). Symmetry is the most important characteristic of hyperacute T waves. From UpToDate: "Since the rate of repolarization is slower than depolarization, the T wave is broad, has a slow upstroke, and rapidly returns to the isoelectric line following its peak (ie, slow upstroke, rapid downstroke). Thus, the T wave is asymmetric and the amplitude is variable." | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is minor erratum. Agreed in the sense that normal T-wave morphology shows slight asymmetry. See first image: https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/t-wave/ BUT, first aid's ECG image is essentially identical to that shown in reference book "Pathophysiology of Heart Disease" by Leonard Lilly and Sabatine's "Pocket Medicine" CONCLUSION: low priority -John P | Not errata-worthy. Reject -Tarunpreet D | Modified to clarification. This is a very minor change and NOT an erratum. Please modify T wave so that it is slightly angled/slanted. See images for examples: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_wave#/media/File:SinusRhythmLabels.svg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cvPAkFMBLvM/T6Q2pDmiifI/AAAAAAAAAVs/gBKbdsETqLk/s1600/t+normal.jpg https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQmMuPoitl3afD_iv_tXt4UVKCNPgHvxPgXxeJ-odzxfesPCrCo https://ecgwaves.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/x-T-vagor-1-1017x1024.jpg | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Please note the slight modification to the T wave: | | 5 | | 04/19/17 5:35 PM | Mohammad | Abbasi | Mohammad_abbasi@hms.harvard.edu | | | |||||||
| 944 | 283 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Brugada syndrome | Not needed. | Remember ECG patter of Brugada syndrome by its name: B=(bundle+block), R=(right), A=(Asian males) =BRugAda. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. This will make a great addition. -MR | Clever, and this tough disorder could use all the help it can get to be learned. I support it. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/15/17 12:19 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 945 | 283 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Torsades de pointes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898405 | The ion channel in question for Congenital Long QT syndromes is the Voltage-gated Sodium channel leading to an increased inward sodium plateau and subsequently prolonging the action potential | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/19/17 10:52 AM | Austin | McCullough | austin-mccullough@ouhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 946 | 283 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Torsades de pointes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-congenital-long-qt-syndrome | instead of ion channel defects, the most typically inherited disorder of myocardial repolarization is due to K+ channel defects. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 06/02/17 12:26 PM | Maresa Dorothee | Berns | maresa.berns@stud.pmu.ac.at | | | |||||||||||||||
| 947 | 284 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | ECG tracings | Not needed | Mobitz Type II - II looks like an equals sign (=), so PR intervals are equal | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I wish I had thought of this. -MR | Simple yet clever, I agree, worth considering! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 10:44 AM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 948 | 284 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | ECG tracings | none needed | For Atrial Flutter, "Never flutter with a Saw" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Mnemonic is not catchy. -MR | I just flat out don't get it. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 6:52 PM | Brian | Varughese | varughesebrian@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 949 | 284 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | ECG tracings | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4711542/ | Impulses originating from pulmonary veins trigger Atrial Fibrillation | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 2:05 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 950 | 284 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | ECG tracings | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/second-degree-atrioventricular-block-mobitz-type-i-wenckebach-block?source=search_result&search=2nd%20degree%20heart%20block&selectedTitle=2~150 ; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/second-degree-atrioventricular-block-mobitz-type-ii?source=search_result&search=2nd%20degree%20heart%20block&selectedTitle=1~150 ; https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/mobitz-2/ ; https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/wenckebach/ | Mobitz 1 blocks almost always result from a problem IN the AV node. This is often a functional block (e.g., reversible ischemia, drug effect) and reversible, hence pacemaker implantation is usually not needed unless they are symptomatic. Mobitz type II, however, usually results from irreversible defects (e.g., infarction, fibrosis, necrosis) distal to the AV node in the His-Purkinje system and are rarely seen in patients without underlying heart disease, hence the reason it can progress to a 3rd degree block and the reason that the mainstay of treatment is pacemaker implantation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 4:22 PM | Mitchell | Heuermann | mitch141992@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 951 | 285 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors | http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Pressure/BP012 | Aortic arch baroreceptors respond only to increases in blood pressure rather than increase and decrease (says so in Costanzo too) | Major erratum | Verified | Client's own source: "Although the baroreceptors can respond to either an increase or decrease in systemic arterial pressure, their most important role is responding to sudden reductions in arterial pressure (Figure 3)." Also we discussed this in Annotate: "Faculty and multiple resources confirmed that we're right, and evidently we're in disagreement with USMLEWorld in this regard. I'm find with letting students question us, it will be a good thing for them to realize UDub isn't always correct." Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 01/15/17 3:37 AM | Liat | Litwin | Liat.Litwin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 952 | 285 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors | FA 2017 | The alignment for carotid massage and cushing reaction under baroreceptors is off..is there any reason for this alignment? | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Print edition is fine | | | | 01/23/17 5:17 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 953 | 285 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors | http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Pressure/BP012 | Aortic arch baroreceptos respond to only ↑ BP; and in cushing syndrome respiratory depression is due to compression of brain stem | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 11:58 PM | Oluwafemi | Ajibola | phemmyajibola@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 954 | 285 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors | http://www.medbullets.com/step1-cardiovascular/8022/baroreceptors-and-chemoreceptors | FA states that aortic arch baroreceptor detects both increase and decrease BP. Some sources (e.g. costanzo physiology) say that it only detects increase BP. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/15/17 6:06 PM | Gavin | Ha | gavinha@hawaii.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 955 | 285 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors | (Guyton AC, Hall JE: Textbook of Medical Physiology; 11th edition, 2006) also (https://www.medbullets.com/step1-cardiovascular/8022/baroreceptors-and-chemoreceptors) | When explaining about the Aortic Arch baroreceptors, it says that they respond to both increase & decrease in BP. But as far as I know the nerve of Hering responds to both increases and decreases in blood pressure while the vagus nerve and the baroreceptors in the aortic arch respond only to increase in blood pressure | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/01/17 2:51 AM | Lutuf | Zreik | lutof.zreik@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 956 | 288 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1767924/] [https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fetal-cardiac-abnormalities-screening-evaluation-and-pregnancy-management] [it's in Pathoma too] | D- transposition of great vessels. Associated with maternal diabetes. Mnemonic: DI-abetes. TWO vessels (aorta and pulmonary artery switch places). Also both starts with a "D", which can be bold red in the text. | Mnemonic | Verified | "The most common heart malformations in fetuses of diabetic mothers include: ventricular septal defect, transposition of great arteries, aortic stenosis, pulmonary atresia, dextrocardia, and conotruncal defects (tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus and double outlet right ventricle" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025124/ . Does this mean the other congenital anomalies are testable as well? I could not find stats indicating that Transposition was the most common. - MR | Interesting mnemonic, but have to say, some suggestions in here as well. In any case, agree that there is a mismatch between what is most common and what is exemplified within the mnemonic. Inclined to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/03/17 7:39 PM | Cho | Li | cli3@lsuhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 957 | 288 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | N/A | Tetralogy of Fallot- Fallot eats at IHOP (I- Interventricular septal defect H- Hypertrophy of right ventricle O- Overriding aorta P- Pulmonary infundibular stenosis | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already decent mnemonic in place for this topic. -MR | Agree, our current mnemonic is much better. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/17/17 12:13 PM | Ben | Aziz | ibracadabra932@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 958 | 288 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | n.a | For D-transposition of the great vessels, I think it would be very helpful to have a side-by-side normal picture. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/11/17 5:11 PM | Joshua | Davis | joshua-m- | | | |||||||||||||||
| 959 | 288 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection | Add this text "TAPVC is caused due to failure of primitive pulmonary veins to fuse with the left atrium". The pathogenesis of TAPVC, which also refers to normal heart embryology (page 268 of FA2017 section 1), is currently missing | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/18/17 6:51 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 960 | 289 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-and-clinical-features-of-isolated-ventricular-septal-defects-in-infants-and-children?source=search_result&search=ventricular%20septal%20defect&selectedTitle=1~150 | VSD is the second most common congenital heart lesion, not the first. (Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common). | Minor erratum | Verified | I disagree and think we should reject: "Ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital heart defect." "The most common form of congenital heart disease in childhood is the VSD, occurring in 50% of all children with congenital heart disease5 and in 20% as an isolated lesion" http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/20/2190#sec-2 "The most common type of heart defect is a ventricular septal defect (VSD).3,4" https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/data.html -Matt D | Reject. "The total incidence of CHD was related to the relative frequency of ventricular septal defects (VSDs), the most common type of CHD" http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109702018867 -John P | Agree, reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/01/17 12:57 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | |||||||||||
| 961 | 289 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | The text for this same picture uses the correct name when describing the picture. | In the picture of Preductal Coarctation of the Aorta, the Ductus arteriosuS is labeled as the Ductus arteriosuM. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/05/17 5:24 PM | Jason | Livingstone | livingstone@livemail.uthscsa.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 962 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Hypertension | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC270718/ | Nomenclature clarification to avoid confusion: add that hypertensive emergency is synonymous to hypertensive crisis as well as malignant hypertension. Malignant hypertension is a term no longer used and should be replaced by by hypertensive emergency whenever it is mentioned in the book | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree, replace all mention of "malignant hypertension" (401, 205, 562, 745) and replace with hypertensive emergency. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace all mention of "malignant hypertension" with “hypertensive emergency,” here and throughout the book. | | 5 | | 02/04/17 7:37 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 963 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | 22q11 deletion syndromes | [mnemonic] | 2*2=4-->tetralogy (4) of Fallot. 1*1=1-->truncus arteriosus (1 trunk). | Mnemonic | Verified | It's not a bad mnemonic. - Miguel Rovira | I'm on the fence, but reasonable to consider in such cases. We can migrate over. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/23/17 9:58 PM | Alexander | Lichtenberg | akivalichtenberg@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 964 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Hypertension | https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/behavior.htm | tobacco smoking, increased age, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, excess salt intake, excess alcohol intake, family history; African American > Caucasian > Asian. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree. I think we can just add "tobacco" to the list, in between alcohol intake and family history. No need to write tobacco smoking (see link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7597474 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/UnderstandSymptomsRisks/Know-Your-Risk-Factors-for-High-Blood-Pressure_UCM_002052_Article.jsp#.WPOIF1PytTY -Matt D | Agreed. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/behavior.htm -John P | Add "tobacco" between alcohol intake and family history per Matt. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/09/17 4:28 PM | Daniel | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 965 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Hypertension | https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/behavior.htm | add tobacco smoking as one of the major causes of hypertension | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | See above comment. -Matt D | Agreed, see above -John P | Reject, duplicate. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 6:29 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 966 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890880-overview#a6 | In down syndrome, " Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect" is associated more than the common type ( ostium secundum ASD). So,i found this necessary to mention. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Rejected. This level of detail exceeds Step 1 level knowledge | Too LY for Step 1. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Low yield. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/19/17 6:39 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 967 | 291 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Hyperlipidemia signs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1839776/ | The picture of the tendinous xanthoma you provide is wrong (C). That is actually a tuberous xanthoma (localized in the skin that covers the joints) and not a tendinous xanthoma (localized in the tendons) | Major erratum | Verified | I would check with the source of the image but I am inclined to agree with client. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoma Would change image next year to a clearer picture of tendinous xanthoma. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | The image labeled tendinous xanthoma is actually a tuberous xanthoma. The image will be changed in 2018. | | 20 | | 02/07/17 12:34 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 968 | 292 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Heart failure | made it up while studying | ABS (anti lock braking system) is used to reduce mortality in cars (reducing car accidents), so "ABS" can be used to reduce mortality in patients with heart failure. ABS- ACE inhibitors, ARB's, Beta blockers, and Spironolactone | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject too simplistic. Leaves out Ivabradine, furosemide, and lifestyle modifications. -MR | Technically, those are the three mortality-reducing drugs. Diuretics don't improve mortality, they just alleviate symptoms. Don't know the data on ivabradine. Lifestyle is of course the most important! It's a so-so mnemonic, however, so I'm inclined to side with rejection anyway. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/15/17 2:30 PM | Vansh | Chopra | vansh92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 969 | 292 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Atherosclerosis | n/a | Frequency of arteries involved can be remembered with the mnemonic: A Corn Popped Car (abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Can be improved. will look at again. -MR | Or not, I would just reject. Meh quality. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/23/17 10:58 PM | Joshua | Davis | joshua-m-davis@ouhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 970 | 292 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Atherosclerosis | Not needed | For the order of most likely locations of Atherosclerosis (Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery) the mnemonic is: "after I workout my Abs (abdominal aorta), I grab a Corona (coronary artery) and Pop (popliteal artery) a seat to drink it in my Car (carotid artery)." | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Perhaps Pop my collar next to my Carotid because said mnemonic implies drinking and driving. -MR | It's corny and somewhat clever, worth considering. Agree with migration over. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/26/17 4:09 PM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 971 | 292 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Abdominal aorta and branches | http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/25/6/677 | I think it would be beneficial to explain why abdominal aortic aneurysms are due to atherosclerosis, but atherosclerosis is not listed as one of the causes for thoracic aortic aneurysm. I found a paper that explained to me why and it is because the vaso vasorum stops supply the arterial walls with oxygenated blood around the renal arteries. So the aorta is dependent on diffusion, and an aortic aneurysm is more likely to occur in the abdominal area vs the thoracic due to the presence of atherosclerotic plaques because it hinders diffusion. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/07/17 4:17 PM | Abhay | Dhaliwal | abhaydhaliwal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 972 | 292 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Atherosclerosis | N/A | To remember the order of the most common atherosclerotic locations, I think of "A COP CAR" (Abdominal aorta > COronary artery > Popliteal artery > CARotid artery) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/16/17 10:43 AM | Caroline | Romanowski | carolineromanowski92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 973 | 293 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Aortic dissection | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/416776-overview or https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-acute-aortic-dissection?source=search_result&search=aortic%20dissection&selectedTitle=1~150 | The text states: "Longitudinal intimal tear forming a false lumen." During aortic dissection, a transverse tear through the intima allows blood access to the media, through which a longitudinal tear/dissection is made. Example of an updated description: "Intimal tear with longitudinal dissection through media forming a false lumen." Thanks for FA! | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/15/17 9:20 PM | Garrett | Morgan | GarrettMMorgan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 974 | 293 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Ischemic heart disease manifestations | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vasospastic-angina?source=search_result&search=variant%20angina&selectedTitle=1~137 | "Variant angina" is now called "vasospastic angina" | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/30/17 1:44 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 975 | 295 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | ECG localization of STEMI | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/EKG_leads.png/300px-EKG_leads.png | There is space in this page to add a simple image of the ECG leads and the axis, such as the one in the link. It would be very helpful. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/23/17 9:36 AM | Jorge | Rosario | jorgerosario.93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 976 | 295 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | ECG localization of STEMI | https://lifeinthefastlane.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/ECG-Anatomy-LITFL.jpg, http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MhY2wwpng8w/UNPid6rgmPI/AAAAAAAAAh4/4o5x-Yju0NY/s1600/12-LEAD+mi.png | An image would be a lot better than the table | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/25/17 11:13 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 977 | 295 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Diagnosis of myocardial infarction | Toronto Notes 2017 C7 | Suggest adding the following image about ami evolution below cardiac enzymes graph | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 3:42 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 978 | 296 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Myocardial infarction complications | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/left-ventricular-aneurysm-and-pseudoaneurysm-following-acute-myocardial-infarction | Embolus from mural thrombus is a risk in true ventricular aneurysm, not from ventricular pseudoaneurysm formation. First Aid 2017 has it switched incorrectly. | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree, emboli form in aneurysms, rather than pseudoaneurysm, Move "embolus from mural thrombus" to True ventricular aneurysm heading http://heart.bmj.com/content/98/23/1743 http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/32/3/557 -Matt D | | | | 02/24/17 1:16 PM | Noah | Richardson | nhrichardson11@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 979 | 296 | Cardiovascular | | | Systems | Myocardial infarction complications | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/164924-overview#a11 | its written Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis post while it should be called "peri"-MI pericarditis because post-MI syndrome is the same as dressler syndrome | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 09/09/17 12:19 PM | Yzeed | Al-Nigrish | yazeedni123@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 980 | 296 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Ventricular system | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/left-ventricular-aneurysm-and-pseudoaneurysm-following-acute-myocardial-infarction | Decreases CO, INCREASES risk of arrhythmia | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 10:51 PM | Hanna | Kakish | qaqishhanna@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 981 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypereosinophilic-syndromes-clinical-manifestations-pathophysiology-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=loeffler%20endocarditis&selectedTitle=1~16#H19581596, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-pulmonary-eosinophilia?source=search_result&search=loeffler%20syndrome&selectedTitle=2~36#H3 | Under heading "Restrictive/infiltrative". Text reports: "Loffler syndrome - endomyocardial fibrosis..." This is in fact Loffler endocarditis, while Loffler syndrome is pulmonary infiltrates associated with migratory parasites. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree, Loeffler syndrome, loeffler endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis are different pathologies. I suggest: Loffler endocarditis- associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome, histology shows eosinophilic infiltrates in myocardium. Reference: 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypereosinophilic-syndromes-clinical-manifestations-pathophysiology-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=loeffler%20endocarditis&selectedTitle=1~16 2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endomyocardial-fibrosis?source=search_result&search=loeffler&selectedTitle=2~15#H15162944 3. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 65, 1551-1573 4. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Chapter 12, 523-578 JY Ng | Agree with change proposed by Shane, replace Loeffler syndrome with: Löffler endocarditis--associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome, histology shows eosinophilic infiltrates in myocardium. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | Replace "Loffler syndrome—endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate." with "Löffler endocarditis--associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome, histology shows eosinophilic infiltrates in myocardium." | | 10 | | 01/16/17 1:56 AM | Geoffrey | Rosen | geoff.rosen@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 982 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | FA 2017. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1002606-overview | Under "Restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy," add an umlaut to the "o" in "Loffler" to stay consistent with index entry (pg. 746) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I agree. Add umlaut to both mentions of Loffler on page 297, in the context of changing the disease name to Loffler endocarditis, as suggested in another comment. -Matt D | Agreed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1768715/ -John P | Agree to umlaut. See above note on smartsheet for change. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/06/17 5:24 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 983 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | N/A | The current mnemonic for causes of dilated Cardiomyopathy is ABCCCD - I wanted to expand on that to include all of the causes that are listed. The new mnemonic: ABCCCCDEFG. The extra 'C' is for Childbearing, as in peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy. The 'EF' is for "Elevated Fe" as in the iron overload of hemochromatosis. The 'G' stands for Granulomas - as in Sarcoidosis. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Easy to incorporate. -MR | Eh, I am not a huge fan of repeat letters. It becomes challenging to remember how many C's there are, which makes these mnemonics difficult. I know we have some already, but I'd prefer to expand the number beyond that, and if anything it would be nice to get rid of them all. For example, for "ABCCCCDEFG" you have to work hard to remember that there are 4 C's. What if you only remember 3? There is no mechanism to keep you in tune to there being 4 C's to learn. I would say reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/24/17 5:42 PM | Jake | Gold | jrgold@slu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 984 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | Not needed | lofFlEr syndrome - F for fibrosis, E for eosinophils | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Mnemonic would look aesthetically cumbersome on paper. -MR | The spelling of the syndrome makes this a bit tricky to use, I would say reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 10:46 AM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 985 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155340-overview | In the restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy section it incorrectly describes endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate as "Loffler Syndrome" when this is referring to Loeffler Endocarditis. Loffler's Syndrome is an eosinophilic accumulation in the lung in response to helminth infection. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Already noted above. -Matt D | | | | 04/28/17 7:49 PM | Harrison | Dermer | hid7@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 986 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | First Aid 2017 | For Dilated Cardiomyopathy instead of ABCCCD --> Always Binging Cocaine Can Cause Dilated cardiomyopathy | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Mnemonic already in place and currently in works for improvement. -MR | I actually like this. It replaces the awful "multiple letters" version we have with an interesting, almost story-like one. I would be in support of at least considering it. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/20/17 12:00 PM | Fernando Daniel | Arias | fernando.arias.jr@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 987 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153062-overview#a4 | Change the Mnemonic to this one, this one because is way more easy to learn: " Restrictive cardiomyopathy Likes to SHAPE my heart" (Loeffler syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Hemochromatosis, Amyloidosis, Post-radiation fibrosis, Endocardial fibroelastosis) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I actually think this would be an improvement from the current mnemonic. -MR | Not bad, I am amenable to considering this as well. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/04/17 1:15 AM | Luis | Medina | Luisamedina725@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 988 | 297 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0894731705005778/ | Suggested update to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy “Diastolic dysfunction ensues. Marked ventricular concentric hypertrophy with interventricular septal predominance and LEFT ATRIAL DILATION. I had a question that mentioned a man with HTCM and asked “what component of this man’s heart is most likely dilated?” | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/04/17 12:37 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 989 | 298 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Heart failure | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prognosis-of-heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction | Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) & HF with a reduced EF (HFrEF) are the new terms for systolic and diastolic heart failure | Clarification to current text | Verified | Correct, and nowhere on this page do we refer to diastolic/systolic heart failure - we specifically stated dysfunction to avoid this. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/28/16 8:35 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 990 | 298 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Heart failure | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypYI_lmLD7g | In the First Aid book, it states that in diastolic dysfunction (or HFpEF), the end diastolic volume (EDV) is normal. In actuality it's decreased due to the fact that with this type of heart failure, the ventricle fails to relax well enough to fill with blood properly (reduced compliance). Because the stroke volume (SV) also is reduced, we get a normal appearing or preserved ejection fraction (Ejection Fraction = SV/EDV). | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/25/17 6:49 PM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 991 | 298 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Heart failure | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-of-heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction | "Diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure are not synonymous terms". Diastolic dysfunction indicates a functional abnormality of diastolic relaxation, filling, or distensibility of the left ventricle (LV), regardless of whether the LVEF is normal or abnormal and whether the patient is symptomatic or not. Thus, diastolic dysfunction refers to abnormal mechanical properties of the ventricle. DHF denotes the signs and symptoms of clinical HF in a patient with a normal LVEF and LV diastolic dysfunction. So, it is necessary to replace the term Diastolic dysfunction. | Minor erratum | Verified | Technically correct. Suggest changing titles to "Systolic Heart Failure" for the first line and "Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction - diastolic dysfunction, preserved EF, normal EDV,... etc." for the second line. Since these two lines are followed by Right heart failure it is more appropriate to make this text into a list of classes of heart failure. "diastolic dysfunction describes an abnormal mechanical property, not a clinical syndrome.... When heart failure is accompanied by concentric remodeling and a predominant abnormality in diastolic properties, this clinical syndrome is called DHF" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16003645 -John P | Reject. See Yash's above comment. We avoided using the terms systolic and diastolic HF. -Matt D | Agree with Matt D, this was commented on earlier. Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/19/17 3:31 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 992 | 298 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Heart failure | not needed | "Hydralazine with nitrate therapy improves both symptoms and mortality in select patients." should be " Hydralazine with nitrate therapy improves both symptoms and mortality in selected patients." Note that , "select" is replaced with " selected". | Spelling/formatting | Verified | (Approve) According to proper English, "selected" is the correct term to use. -Miguel Rovira | Accept (minor errata) - Tarunpreet D -------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm sorry to butt in here, but I disagree and think we should reject. "Select patients" is a commonly used term. See: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170301130542.htm https://www.loyolamedicine.org/video/loyola-launches-clinical-trial-select-patients-metastatic-cancer https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/2016/06/genicular-nerve-radiofrequency-ablation-select-patients-persistent-pain/ -Matt D | Selected is correct as we are talking about the fact that Hydralazine works specific patients. This is SO nitpicky though. -YC https://brians.wsu.edu/2016/05/31/select-selected/ http://www.dailywritingtips.com/select-vs-selected/ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/19/17 3:37 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 993 | 298 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | not needed | Please add some high yield facts on constrictive percarditis as it is often tested. | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | ??? I'm not sure what this commenter wants us to do. Acute pericarditis is discussed on page 300, if we want we could add a few sentences on constrictive. Or rather we can compare it to cardiac tamponade on that same page. At this point I am not going to spend time writing a new fact until there is some consensus from authors/editor that it will even be useful. -Matt D | | | | 04/19/17 3:40 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 994 | 299 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Shock | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3018985/ | Neurogenic shock needs to be added to the table as it is high yield topic that is not anywhere to be found in First Aid. It is a difficult subject to derive from first principles because loss of sympathethic innerviation causes decrease of both CO and SVR with increase in PCWP. Normal response of body is to mantain BP with increase of SVR if CO drops but in neurogenic shock body can't mantain either SVR or CO. Topic should be covered in this table as it occurs in spinal cord injury and is a high yield combo CV/neuro physiology concept. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/23/17 1:14 AM | Jordan | Spatz, PhD | Jordan.Spatz@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 995 | 299 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-evaluation-of-adults-with-suspected-native-valve-endocarditis?source=machineLearning&search=infective%20endocarditis&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=2&anchor=H973176202#H973176202 | Bacterial Endocarditis Infective endocarditis Clinical criteria: •Two major clinical criteria •One major and three minor clinical criteria •Five minor clinical criteria Major Criteria Positive blood cultures •Typical microorganisms consistent with IE from two separate blood cultures •Evidence of endocardial involvement Minor Criteria •Predisposition – Intravenous drug use or presence of a predisposing heart condition ●Fever – Temperature ≥38.0°C ●Vascular phenomena – Major arterial emboli, septic pulmonary infarcts, mycotic aneurysm, intracranial hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhages, or Janeway lesions ●Immunologic phenomena – Glomerulonephritis, Osler nodes, Roth spots, or rheumatoid factor ●Microbiologic evidence – Positive blood cultures that do not meet major criteria OR serologic evidence of active infection with organism consistent with IE | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/26/17 1:57 AM | Joel | Chan | joelchancheeyee@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 996 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiac tamponade | None | Pulsus Paradoxus: Change "Seen in cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup.," to "Also seen in asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup." Since PP is already listed under Cardiac Tamponade. Or just seperate it PP from cardiac tamponade as then list all of them. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I agree. Change as per written by commenter: "Also seen in asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup." -Matt D | | | | 03/28/17 7:25 PM | Ahmad | Akhtar | ahmadnakhtar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 997 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Rheumatic fever | Not Needed | ABC - A for Aschoff Bodies, Anitschkow cells, +ASO; B for beta-hemolytic strep, C - consequence of pharyngitis | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't feel like this is a strong mnemonic. -Miguel Rovira | Nor do I, reject! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 10:48 AM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 998 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Acute pericarditis | not needed | In causes of acute pericarditis , "confirmed infection (eg, Coxsackievirus)", a space is missing between coxsackie and virus. It has to be " Coxsackie virus" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Minor errata, accept/reject at editor's discretion - Tarunpreet D | Reject. Coxsackievirus is the name of the virus. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215241-overview?pa=Y1BasXQLSj3dQnG8bT9KqNPsDyAK7wiJtmF9EYdCC8thIl6ySsOJ7vMv%2Bq1mRP3LacTyoSoVIP72YkOVd8vqaTRbGMQ7s%2F89oYHt2gMBBbM%3D -Matt D | Reject, client needs to learn how to Google. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/19/17 3:02 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 999 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Acute pericarditis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215241-overview | In the cause of acute pericarditis , a more specific cause, "Group B coxsackievirus" can be mentioned in place of " Coxsackievirus" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. Minor errata - Tarunpreet D | Accept, no need for a source. We already write on page 297 that coxsackie B is a potential cause of dilated cardiomyopathy, and we write elsewhere in the book that coxsackie A is a cause of rash. So we should be consistent. To fix: add "B" after Coxsackievirus. -Matt D | Agree with Matt, state "Coxsackievirus B" instead of "Coxsackievirus" -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace “confirmed infection (eg, coxsackievirus)” with “confirmed infection (eg, coxsackievirus B).” | | 5 | | 04/20/17 1:58 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1000 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Rheumatic fever | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236582-treatment | Treatment of rheumatic fever isn't penicillin, it includes salicylates and oral steroids | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/12/17 10:58 AM | Nour | Elkhateeb | dr-nour-khateb@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1001 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Rheumatic fever | http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/immunology/2009/lecture13.pdf | The text states that Rheumatic fever is an immune mediated (type II hypersensitivity) however this may confused people. Type II hypersensitivity s typically called tissue specific or cytotoxic hypersensitivty reaction, whereas type III is called an immune mediated reaction. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/25/17 12:52 PM | Carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1002 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Acute pericarditis | Toronto Notes 2017 C49 Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery | See attached useful table to differentiate pericarditis from cardiac tamponade. This is a common ddx question for the USMLE | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/29/17 9:53 AM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1003 | 301 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiac tumors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC236231/ | Suggested update to Cardiac Myxoma : Mass in left atrium may form embolus. Can present as TIA or stroke. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/04/17 12:40 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1004 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-polyarteritis-nodosa-in-adults | Polyarteritis nodosa is ANCA negative which helps to differentiate if from other forms of ANCA positive vasculitis.Positive ANCA excludes diagnosis of PAN." Unlike some other vasculitides (eg, microscopic polyarteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener’s]), polyarteritis nodosa is not associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree, I cross-referenced with Goljan pathology. I don't see the need to specifically mention that PAN is ANCA negative. 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-polyarteritis-nodosa-in-adults?source=search_result&search=polyarteritis&selectedTitle=1~131#H18 2. Rapid review pathology JY Ng | Definitely not necessary for erratta and probably not 2018 either. ANCAs are useful in differentiating the small vessel vasculitides, as noted in 2017 edition. If we add ANCA status to PAN, then we should add it to the other medium vessel vasculitides. I think that would add too much unnecessary bulk to the book. -Matt D | Agree, mostly ANCA positive is useful to know, so this fact is LY. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/28/16 5:42 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1005 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://www.vasculitisfoundation.org/mcm_article/update-the-new-2012-revised-international-chapel-hill-consensus-conference-nomenclature-of-vasculitides/ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-and-approach-to-the-vasculitides-in-adults?source=see_link | Small vessel vasculitis cane be further classified as 1. "ANCA Associated Vasculitis" which includes Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA),Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s) (GPA) & Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg Strauss) (EGPA) 2. Immune Complex Small Vessel Vasculitis | Clarification to current text | Verified | Can be considered (UpToDate classifies in this way too) but not absolutely required. If needed we can add the sub-headings "ANCA-associated vasculitis" before Wegener, Microscopic and Churg-Strauss and "Immune-complex vasculitis" before Henoch-Scholein. ps: RPGN on page 564 can be classified similarly as well. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-and-approach-to-the-vasculitides-in-adults?source=search_result&search=vasculitis&selectedTitle=1~150 JY Ng | I think this should be rejected. Further sub-classifying the vasculitides will not help students score points on Step 1. -Matt D | Reject, this is unnecessary. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/28/16 6:07 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1006 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-takayasu-arteritis | Takayasu artiritis: aortic arch and proximal great vessels should be replaced by aortic arch and proximal PRIMARY BRANCHES. Great vessels = aorta, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, IVC & SVC | Minor erratum | Verified | Not an error. The term proximal great vessel is used in different textbooks (as below), although for clarity we can consider changing to aortic arch and its branches. "The aortic arch can be divided into three segments: ascending, transverse aorta with the origins of the proximal great vessels (innominate, carotid, and subclavian arteries).."[1] "The left subclavian artery ostium is the most frequently treated of the proximal great vessels."[2] 1. Current Therapy in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 669-673 2. Current Surgical Therapy, 961-972 3. (I can't access this article)- http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.2292011648 | No error. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Reject, we are fine here. Not an erratum. Proximal great vessels is used in many places. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 02/03/17 3:21 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1007 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19410089.x/full | Microaneurysms are not visible on angiography. In polyarteritis nodosa, the sentence should change to "Innumerable renal aneurysms". Microaneurysm = focal capillary dilation (polyarteritis nodosa affects muscular arteries = medium-sized vessels) | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree UpToDate: "Renal arteriogram in large-vessel polyarteritis nodosa showing characteristic microaneurysms..." https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=NEPH%2F65987&topicKey=RHEUM%2F8245&rank=1~131&source=see_link&search=polyarteritis JY Ng | Reject - Tarunpreet D | Client's source does not relate to topic. Also, CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Nephrology & Hypertension, 2009 states +microaneurysms on angiography on Table 31–2. Clinical Differences between Polyarteritis Nodosa and Microscopic Polyangiitis. Literally Googling microaneurysms and polyarteritis nodosa leads to a large variety of resources demonstrating our fact.: http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiographics.21.1.g01ja16151 "The most well-known angiographic feature is the presence of so-called microaneurysms in medium or small arteries. Arterial occlusive lesions are also a feature, but their frequency is not reported." | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 02/04/17 6:48 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1008 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/kawasaki-disease-clinical-features-and-diagnosis | Kawasaki disease "CRASH and burn", the C should be for conjunctival INFECTION, not conjunctival INJECTION. It causes a bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Client is wrong, injection is correct. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 02/12/17 11:13 AM | Katherine | Sun | kattiewsun@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1009 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | none needed | Under Kawasaki disease, it says "conjunctival injection"...I think you mean "conjunctival infection" | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | Reject. Kawasaki's is a disease of the blood vessels, whereby inflammation of the blood vessels in the sclera cause the child to have "conjunctival injection" - MR | | | | 03/27/17 5:55 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1010 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://www-uptodate-com.revproxy.brown.edu/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis?source=search_result&search=microscopic%20polyangiitis%20MPO&selectedTitle=2~90 | Microscopic polyangiitis is associated with anti-MPO antibodies. Microscopic POlyangiitis --> MPO (acronym contained within disease name) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Easy to incorporate. -MR | Simple and clever, happy to consider it. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/01/17 9:33 AM | Wesley | Durand | wesleymdurand@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1011 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-medication | Tocalizumab is a humanized monoclonal anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody, used for Temporal arteritis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is a fairly new update with FDA approval in 2017, and I am not sure if it will show up on Step 1 next year. I think there is little harm in adding a quick sentence though to page 302, Giant cell arteritis, column 3, at the end: "Also treat with tocalizumab, an antibody against IL-6." http://acrabstracts.org/abstract/efficacy-and-safety-of-tocilizumab-in-patients-with-giant-cell-arteritis-primary-and-secondary-outcomes-from-a-phase-3-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-trial/ https://www.gene.com/media/press-releases/14653/2017-01-23/fda-grants-priority-review-for-genentech -Matt D | Reject. According to my opinion, monoclonal antibodies are relatively low yield on Step 1 exam. Add to that a very recently approved FDA drug, I would say is quite low yield at this point - Tarunpreet D | Reject, low yield. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/11/17 9:06 AM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1012 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | UWorld/ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-medication | Tx for temporal arteritis: Tocalizumab is a humanized monoclonal anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | See above. -Matt D | See above - Tarunpreet D | Reject, low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 6:33 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1013 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/880401 | Tocilizumab (a monoclonal antibody against IL-6) is now used to treat Giant (Temporal) Cell Arteritis. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/22/17 6:18 PM | Nicholas | Marshall | nmarshall@neomed.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1014 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003586.htm | The renal signs for granulomatosis with polyangitis are hematuria and "red cell casts." The phrase "red cell casts" in First Aid is better rephrased as "red blood cell casts" because that adds additional clarity. Also it is the way other sources name it. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 05/28/17 1:39 AM | Khashayar | Farzam | khashayar.f@hotmail.ca | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1015 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-giant-cell-temporal-arteritis?source=search_result&search=giant%20cell%20arteritis&selectedTitle=2~120#H517922934 | Association with Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Polymyalgia Rheumatica is closely linked to giant cell arteritis (GCA), occurring in about 40-50 percent of patients with GCA. Conversely, GCA is found in about 15 percent of patients with PMR. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/07/17 12:23 PM | Abhishek | Madras | abhishek.jayakumar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1016 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://www.medbullets.com/step1-cardiovascular/8094/medium-vessel-vasculitides, http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/351/diagnosis/step-by-step.html | PAN: has a classic beads-on-a-rosary appearance similar to Fibromuscular dysplasia. Presentation can also involve Livedo Reticularis (also seen in Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/07/17 2:58 PM | Abhishek | Madras | abhishek.jayakumar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1017 | 303 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | http://www.vasculitisfoundation.org/mcm_article/update-the-new-2012-revised-international-chapel-hill-consensus-conference-nomenclature-of-vasculitides/ http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-and-approach-to-the-vasculitides-in-adults?source=see_link | The new name for Henoch-Schonlein purpura is" immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein), abbreviated as IgAV, in place of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, I suggest changing to IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura). Page 564 needs to be changed too. "Henoch-Schönlein purpura is currently termed immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis now that the role of IgA in its pathogenesis is more apparent." [1] 1. Rheumatology, 161, 1338-1343 2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/henoch-schonlein-purpura-immunoglobulin-a-vasculitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=see_link | I agree with change. -Matt D | Replace "Henoch-Schönlein purpura" with "Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (Henoch Schönlein purpura)" Also change on page 564, 655, 697. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/28/16 5:58 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1018 | 303 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—potassium channel blockers (class III) | https://www-uptodate-com.medjournal.hmc.psu.edu:2200/contents/monitoring-and-management-of-amiodarone-side-effects | The text correctly lists torsade de pointes as an adverse effect of sotalol and ibutilide, without listing it under amiodarone. The fact that amiodarone has minimal risk for torsades de points despite prolonging the QT interval is high yield. While the text currently implies this implicitly, I believe it would be worth being explicit and stating this fact, as it is tested. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I see no harm here in being explicit (I think I may have disagreed with the same comment for 2017 edition, but oh well). On page 309, under Class III, column 3, after " ...has class I, II, III, and IV effects." add: "Amiodarone least likely to cause torsades de pointes." Source: Hurst's The Heart, chpt 45 -Matt D | It is low yield and I have never seen this asked. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/12/17 7:15 PM | John | Coda | jecoda15@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1019 | 303 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1351/ | I would like to suggest the addition of the word “spontaneous” before recurrent epistaxis, as this is a pathognomonic characterization of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). I felt like this paragraph could be tightened up a bit and clarified for students. Also, it may be worth noting that telangiectasias are commonly “mucocutaneous” and can be visible on the lips, tongue, and oral cavity of patients with HHT. AVMs occur in the visceral organs such as the pulmonary, hepatic, GI, and less commonly, the central nervous systems. Here is my suggested revision of this paragraph: “Autosomal dominant disorder of blood vessel development in the skin, mucous membranes, and multiple organ systems (hepatic, pulmonary, GI, and CNS). Findings: blanching skin and mucosal lesions (telangiectasias), spontaneous recurrent epistaxis, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), GI bleeding, hematuria. Also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome.” | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/14/17 6:40 PM | Nicholas T. | Gamboa | nicktgamboa@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1020 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/calan-sr-isoptin-sr-verapamil-342380#4 | gingival hyperplasia occurs more commonly with Non-dihydropyridines, specifically verapamil. it rarely occurs with Dihydropyridines | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree. Verapamil (non-dhp) can lead to gingival hyperplasia <19% while amlodipine (dhp) <1%. add "gingival hyperplasia" after "constipation" with non-dihydropyridines, and delete it after dihydropyridines. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/verapamil-drug-information?source=search_result&search=verapamil&selectedTitle=1~150 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/amlodipine-drug-information?source=preview&search=dihydropyridine&anchor=F133964#F133964 -Matt D | Accept - Tarunpreet D | As it occurs with DHP, but occurs more with non-DHP this is more of a clarification. Would remove gingival hyperplasia from dihydropyridines and add after constipation to non-DHP. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Remove gingival hyperplasia from dihydropyridines and add after constipation to non-DHP. | | 5 | | 12/29/16 10:27 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 1021 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cluster-headache-treatment-and-prognosis?source=search_result&search=verapamil%20gingival%20hyperplasia&selectedTitle=1~150 | Adverse effects listed under dihydropyridine includes gingival hyperplasia. This finding also occurs for Verapamil which is a non-dihydropyridine. Several uworld questions highlight this too | Major erratum | Duplicate | Repeat, see above. -Matt D | | | | 02/10/17 12:59 PM | Jeremy | Goodman | jeremy.goodman@ucsf.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1022 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | self-made | For the dihydropyridine CCA's - (di)hydro(p)yrid(ines) dipine suffix for drugs | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept Maybe*. This is probably how the drugs got their drugs. Although, I'm not sure how yield it is. On the fence. -MR | I'll say no. It doesn't really help you learn them at all to have this mnemonic in place. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/21/17 5:44 AM | Rajbir Singh | Pannu | rajbir_96@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1023 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | https://www-uptodate-com.huaryu.kl.oakland.edu/contents/major-side-effects-and-safety-of-calcium-channel-blockers?source=search_result&search=dihydropyridine&selectedTitle=2~150 | For the adverse effects under calcium channel blockers it lists gingival hyperplasia only for dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, when in fact it is an adverse effect for both types of calcium channel blockers. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/14/17 11:20 AM | Christine | Hude | cmhude@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1024 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | Medscape, Pathoma | Currently, sinusitis is included as a presentation for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with polyangitis. This is false according to Pathoma and Medscape. This disease does not present with sinusitis, but with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. | Major erratum | Verified | I disagree, and think we should reject. From Harrison's, chpt 385: "Allergic rhinitis and sinusitis develop in up to 61% of patients and are often observed early in the course of disease." Also see link below: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.37721/full -Matt D | Reject https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4217511/- Tarunpreet D | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/20/17 2:56 PM | Raye | Ng | rayeraye.ng@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1025 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Hypertensive emergency | n/a | Adding to someone's suggestion to bold "dopam" in Fenoldopam, you can also bold "eno", which is one backwards (i.e., D1). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. One too many steps to memorize this. -MR | Too much mental gymnastics for such a simple mnemonic, reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/09/17 7:47 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1026 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Hypertension treatment | N/A | For hypertension in pregnancy you can use the mnemonic Hold My Little Niño for Hydrazine, Methyldopa, Lobetalol, Nifedipine | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too in depth for preeclampsia management in Step 1. -MR | Too limiting a mnemonic IMHO, and as per Miguel, probably a bit too in depth as well. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/11/17 1:28 AM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1027 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3540226 | The Ca blockers are NOT general vasodilators. They block the inward movement of calcium by binding to L-type calcium channels in the heart and in smooth muscle of the coronary and peripheral arteriolar vasculature. This causes vascular smooth muscle to relax, dilating mainly arterioles, they do not dilate veins. The fact that this is not specified can lead to confusion when considering the physiology behind some Tx. For example: based on this fact one will think that Ca blockers reduce preload and afterload, when in fact is only afterload. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 07/09/17 1:43 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1028 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Hypertension treatment | Uworld and other sources online | Thiazide diuretics are not indicated in diabetic patients because it raises blood glucose. In the subsection of Hypertension treatment, Hypertension with diabetes mellitus, Thiazide diuretics are listed when they should not be | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 08/31/17 9:50 AM | Tareq | Barukzai | Tbarukzai@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1029 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/contents/treatment-of-symptomatic-arrhythmias-associated-with-the-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome?source=machineLearning&search=wpw%20treatment&selectedTitle=1~119§ionRank=2&anchor=H9925775#H9925775 | Wolf- Parkinson- White Treatment for supraventricular tachycardia -> Procainamide | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/26/17 2:00 AM | Joel | Chan | joelchancheeyee@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1030 | 306 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Lipid-lowering agents | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17653691?dopt=Abstract; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942979 | Add decrease in VLDL production to Mechanism of Action for Fibrates | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/20/17 7:54 PM | Elizabeth | Ramsey | elizabeth.ramsey@uscmed.sc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1031 | 306 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Lipid-lowering agents | World Question Id: 67 | Fibrates inhibit cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the rate limiting step in the synthesis of bile acids. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/07/17 8:18 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1032 | 306 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Lipid-lowering agents | https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.usc.edu/contents/fenofibrate-drug-information?source=search_result&search=fibrates&selectedTitle=2~141 | For Fibrates, PPAR-alpha activation does not induce HDL synthesis, it induces apolipoprotein A synthesis, which can lead to HDL increase in some patients, but not always. It's much more important to note that VLDL catabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and LPL upregulation is induced. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 07/04/17 7:18 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1033 | 307 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Cardiac glycosides | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/use-of-digoxin-in-heart-failure-due-to-systolic-dysfunction | Digoxin reverses ion transport of sodium/calcium exchanger. The FA tests states that the exchange is indirectly inhibited. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 06/04/17 4:03 PM | Edwin | Liu | edwin.liu@tu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1034 | 307 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Cardiac glycosides | Boards and Beyond videos | hyperkalemia mentioned but mostly causes hypokalemia | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 7:47 PM | Atisha | Patel | patela31@students.rowan.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1035 | 307 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Cardiac glycosides | https://www-uptodate-com.revproxy.brown.edu/contents/digoxin-drug-information?source=see_link | Digoxin results in ST-segment depression (ST "scooping"). DIG-oxin scoops (digs) out the ST segment. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/27/17 1:41 PM | Wesley | Durand | wesleymdurand@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1036 | 308 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—sodium channel blockers (class I) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418998 | Use dependence: happens with antiarrhythmic class I. Increasing the HR (like doing exercise) increases the QRS. Increasing the HR allows for the different configuration of Na channels, hence drug effects accumulate over multiple cardiac cycles. IC are the slowest to dissociate form the Na channels because bind to inactivated state. IC > IA> IB. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree, sort of. We pretty much already have this on page 308, at the top when we write "selectively depress tissue that is frequently depolarized [eg, tachycardia])." If another author and editor agree, we can just add: "Are state/use dependent (selectively depress..." -Matt D | | | | 04/12/17 11:08 AM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1037 | 308 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—sodium channel blockers (class I) | DIT | "procainamide keep ''em alive" is a mneumonic to remember that procainamide can safely be given to patients with WPW | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Does not incorporate cardioversion. -MR | Or other drugs that are viable. Reject as per MR. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/17/17 2:23 PM | Kylie | Grady | kyliegrady@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1038 | 308 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—sodium channel blockers (class I) | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-class-i-antiarrhythmic-drugs#H16748167 | Class IAs (Procainamide, Disopyramide, Quinidine) "Prolong Da QT" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Helpful mnemonic. -MR | Clever, although lots of other drugs in other classes do too, so I'm not sure how useful adding this mnemonic would be. We can consider it. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/30/17 3:36 PM | Michael | Byers | meb0349@my.unthsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1039 | 308 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Insulin | n/a | There is only 1, Insulin-Dependent Glucose Transporter and that is GLUT 4. Therefore, since insulin dependent glucose transporter has 4 words and GLUT 4 has a 4, the 4’s go together. In short, GLUT4 has 4 words so it has to be an Insulin Dependent Glucose Transport. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 02/26/17 4:05 PM | Anand | Sheth | adps424@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1040 | 309 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—β-blockers (class II) | none | Red color for cAMP and the letters: "c" in carvedilol, "a" in atenolol, "m" in metoprolol, "p" in propranolol | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like this mnemonic. -MR | It's not bad, but I'm not sure what the point of linking these 4 specific beta blockers to cAMP. That is, what is the point of the mnemonic? OK to migrate, but I hope there is a good purpose behind it. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 6:24 AM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1041 | 309 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | β-blockers | http://www.courses.ahc.umn.edu/pharmacy/6124/handouts/Beta%20blockers.pdf | Treat β-blocker overdose with GAS: Glucagon, Atropine, Saline | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept +/-. True but it neglects the possibility of other treatments such as catecholamines or anti-arrhythmics. will consider with possible edits - MR | It's clever and covers the high-yield points of overdose, I am OK with us migrating it over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/16/17 1:19 AM | Joshua A. | Newman | jnewman017@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1042 | 309 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | β-blockers | Made up | "BaBe there is *too much* GAS" --> (B)eta-(B)lockers overdose (too much) treatment: (G)lucagon, (A)tropine, and (S)aline | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Mnemonic above seems more fitting and cohesive.-MR | | | | 06/07/17 8:16 PM | Karina | Torres Tristani | karina.torres5@upr.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1043 | 309 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Pituitary gland | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypothalamic-pituitary-axis | For the hormones secreted by the anterior pit. Organize them as B-FLAT GaP B for basophils secrete FSH LH ACTH and TSH, GaP for GH Prolactin a = acidophils | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 9:27 AM | Zachary | Blackstun | zdb53551@creighton.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1044 | 310 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/entresto-sacubitril-valsartan-1000010 http://www.uptodate.com/contents/use-of-angiotensin-ii-receptor-blocker-and-neprilysin-inhibitor-in-heart-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction?source=search_result&search=Sacubitril+++Valsartan&selectedTitle=1~10 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/medline/2-s2.0-26992459 | Neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of heart failure.The combination of neprilysin inhibitor plus ARB therapy is used as an alternative to ACE inhibitor (or single agent ARB) therapy.Indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) (NYHA class II-IV) and reduced ejection fraction | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree we can add it this year, as it has been a few years since the drug has been out there. The NEJM article describing the drug was in 2014, and it was FDA approved in 2015. There are two options I think: 1) just add a quick note to ARBs, explaining they can be combined with sacubitril in HF, or 2) add a new fact for this drug. I am a proponent of option 1, which would look like this: On page 304, under hypertension treatment fact, the row starting with "Hypertension with heart failure," add to column 3: "ARBs can be combined with the Neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril in HF." http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1409077#t=article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636283/#sec1title -Matt D | Agree with Matt D. Option 1 seems more appropriate - Tarunpreet D | How high yield is this? We can work this up in Annotate, but I don't think it's high yield at all. | Disagreement/need expert | | | 5 | | 12/28/16 5:03 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1045 | 310 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Ivabradine | not needed | To help remember the mechanism of action of Ivabradine which selectively inhibits funny sodium channels (If) --> (If)abradine | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept pending formatting feasability. -MR | Not a huge fan (the letter swap V to F is a bit of a stretch), but happy to consider if there is author support for it. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 6:11 PM | Mohammad | Zmaili | mohd.z1992@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1046 | 310 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Ivabradine | N/A | "Brad is not funny" because IvaBRADine works by selectively inhibiting the funny sodium channel | Mnemonic | Verified | How about "BRADI inhibits the FUN falcons" - Miguel | Kind of clever actually, since it helps you to learn both the drug name and the mechanism of action. We can consider it for sure, Miguel's alternative included. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/20/17 10:29 AM | Jared | Friedman | jared.friedman@rockets.utoledo.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1047 | 310 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Other antiarrhythmics | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC40373/pdf/pnas01504-0504.pdf | Adenosine causes K influx | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Reject. Argument is true for smooth muscle cells but NOT SA and AV node cells. - MR | | | | 04/11/17 11:31 AM | Claudia | Ocampo | cocam004@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1048 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Development | Thyroid development | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview#a3 | 2016 First aid pg. 306 says C cells derive from Neural Crest. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. This was an error in 2016 that we fixed in 2017.--edu | | | | 12/26/16 6:04 PM | Gurkamal | Grewal | gurkamal1993@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1049 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview#a3 | Parafollicular cells (C cells)directly derive from Neural Crest. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. This was an error in 2016 that we fixed in 2017.--edu | | | | 12/28/16 7:12 PM | Gurkamal | Grewal | gurkamal1993@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1050 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview#a3 | C cells are derived from the neural crest (which is derived from ectoderm) not endoderm | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. This was an error in 2016 that we fixed in 2017.--edu | | | | 01/02/17 8:10 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1051 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parafollicular_cell | Last main point on page 312, it states - Thyroid tissue and parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce calcitonin) of the thyroid are drrived from endoderm. But Pg. 581, Reproductive embryology, under embryological derivatives it clearly says that Parafollicular cells that produce calcitonin are derived from NEURAL CREST CELLS. But the bottom of the page under Endoderm says that THYMUS, PARATHYROID, AND THYROID FOLLICULAR CELLS are derived from Endoderm. This is contradicting to what page. 312 says vs. 581. I know this seems minor, but questions as simple as this pop up on NBME and sometimes step 1. Embryological derivates are commonly asked on Qbanks also. Thank you, I hope this helps. | Minor erratum | Verified | True, PARAfollicular cells are derived from Neural Crest ... but ... follicular cells are indeed derived from endoderm. Careful attention must be paid to prefixes. We should have caught this one. -SM | Agree, PARAfollicular from neural crest, and thyroid tissue from endoderm. The note on page 312 should be changed to : "Thyroid tissue derived from endoderm, and parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce calcitonin) are derived from neural crest." Just like Matt worded it. This is a good catch. - LL | Yes, this is a good catch, we did good with regards to the type of cell. PARAfollicular cells originate from neural crest, whereas thyroid follicular cells originate from endoderm. On page 312 (this erratum), the text should read: Thyroid tissue is derived from endoderm, parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) are derived from neural crest. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Melanie Schorr | I would recommend changing to "thyroid follicular cells are derived from endoderm, parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) are derived from neural crest." I think just saying "thyroid tissue" is too vague since we are trying to distinguish between follicular and parafollicular cells here. | | Under the Thyroid development fact, at the bottom, note that parafollicular (C cells) are derived from neural crest, not endoderm. The last sentence of column 2 should read: Thyroid follicular cells are derived from endoderm, parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) are derived from neural crest. [ed note: needs mnemonic font applied once in the formal document] | | 10 | | 01/09/17 8:03 PM | Dipesh | Patel | dipeshbpatel12@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1052 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview?pa=lYwsnTfBhkWxyzvKxzfKyJt43yi47JWCX%2Bl0D8F5QU%2FzpP7NlxquXzs5pMgg4LFJ0p2omlDUpeUWcM24KsSHzWdDnIu908wGp6AYmWKHBoY%3D#a3 | The text states "Thyroid tissue and parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) of the thyroid are derived from endoderm. I came across parafollicular C cells being neuroendocrine cells of neural crest cell origin. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/27/17 11:34 PM | Joe | Khoury | jkhour02@nyit.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1053 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | First aid 2017 page 581 | Thyroid follicular cells are from endoderm while thyroid parafollicular cells are from neural crest. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/31/17 3:16 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1054 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | https://books.google.com/books?id=xmLeBgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA1263&lpg=RA1-PA1263&dq=thyroid+follicular+cells+derived+from+neural+crest&source=bl&ots=SLlarRlkK0&sig=UEnkXwibQG8x4rIRrE_A3FOX5Mg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUtYr2n-3RAhUK3mMKHbM0Bso4ChDoAQgdMAI#v=onepage&q=thyroid%20follicular%20cells%20derived%20from%20neural%20crest&f=false | Parafollicular cells are specifically derived from neural crest cells, not endoderm | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 01/31/17 3:44 PM | Praveen | Polamraju | praveenp12@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1055 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/medullary-thyroid-cancer-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-staging?source=search_result&search=parafollicular%20cells%20neural%20crest&selectedTitle=1~150 | 2017 Edition currently states: "Thyroid tissue and parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) of the thyroid are derived from endoderm." However, c-cells of the thyroid actually come from neural crest and the follicular cells come from endoderm. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/01/17 8:29 PM | Ben | Scarboro | dscarb@vt.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1056 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/919218-workup | Table 2.12-6 overview of CAH: 21-OH deficiency states potassium arrow is down, should be up. | Minor erratum | Verified | Based on pg 318, K+ arrow is pointing up (revised image), so I believe this has been rectified in the Annotate version Erika P | This should be in the endocrine chapter, and I changed the chapter to reflect this. -VV | On page 318 where we have the fact, the arrow is up. I'm not sure what the erratum is pointing out, perhaps an older edition? In any case, no change needed for FA 2017/2018. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/02/17 6:32 PM | Maria | Ticas | met71788@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1057 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview#a3 | The early ultimobranchial body develops from the pharyngeal endoderm and is subsequently invaded by neural crest cells, forming the mature structure. The ultimobranchial body, in turn gives rise to the parafollicular cells. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/07/17 12:08 AM | Fengnan | Li | 534595007@qq.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1058 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal cortex and medulla | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-classic-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-due-to-21-hydroxylase-deficiency | Mnemonic for remembering the Adrenal Cortex enzyme deficiencies and layers/ hormones. | Mnemonic | Verified | -Deny. -Brian B | | | | 03/07/17 9:58 AM | Domenic | Filingeri | domfil@bu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1059 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview?pa=aPlilNQenDk3jrTF6efCPhKma7AqcO98CmgaLDr8xZg2rKj%2BHXc9KnbJ4O7ITrLEog9Sm7VewGu7z%2BrFThZXQg8oyMK1o%2FrQdMeQkhfWxCQ%3D#a3 | It states that "Thyroid tissue and parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) of the thyroid are derived from endoderm." but on page 581 it lists the parafollicular (C) cells as derived from ectoderm (neural crest). | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/21/17 9:34 PM | Harrison | Dermer | dermerharrison@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1060 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000411.htm | Please excuse the crass nature of this mneumonic: 17a hydroxylase: 17 year old: “At prom you are pissed (H BP) because you didn’t have sex afterward (L sex hormone)” 21 hydroxylase: 21 year old “Finally had sex (H sex hormone) and relaxed (L BP) by enjoying a beer” 11B hydroxylase: 11 year old “Were anxious (H BP) after walking in on your parents having sex (H sex hormone)” | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too long and too much explaining. -Brian B | | | | 05/21/17 9:43 PM | Maziar | Nourian | maziarnourian@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1061 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10065/ | Thyroid tissue and parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) of the thyroid are derived from endoderm --> parafollicular cells are derived from neural crest (ectoderm) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/24/17 8:37 AM | Camila | Calderon | Cacald04@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1062 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/20/3519#sec-10 | Actually, C cells are derived from foregut endodermal origin, as shown recently in attached article. NOT neural crest origin as previously thought. | Major erratum | Verified | In the reference provided..the article says this study was conducted to raise doubt..nothing has been proven. This section has been updated anyway this year on annotate. -LL | Fine as is in updated version in annotate -Connie Q | Agree with authors. This is still being debated and until it is adopted, would defer updating the text. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/28/17 2:30 AM | Ali | Ahmad | aha71@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1063 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/20/3519 | "parafollicular cells (aka C cells, produce calcitonin) of the thyroid are derived from endoderm". I believe parafollicular (C) cells are of neural crest origin, and page 581 says C cells are neural crest derived as well. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/30/17 5:31 PM | Christopher | O'Hara | COH590@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1064 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | Kameda Y (2016). "Cellular and molecular events on the development of mammalian thyroid C cells". Dev Dyn. 245: 323–341. doi:10.1002/dvdy.24377 | Yoko Kameda Y and associates (2016) showed that C cells derive from pharyngeal endoderm along with thyroid, not neural crest. Probably it will be official in future(?). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | probably..but not yet. as for now. text is staying. -LL | Agree with LL, text should stay as is until this is widely accepted -Connie | Agree with authors. This is still being debated and until it is adopted, would defer updating the text. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/10/17 6:26 PM | Krzysztof | Pilat | pilat.krzysztof@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1065 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/20/3519 | NEW RESEARCH 2015: parafollicular cells (aka C cells) are enteroendocrine cells derived from endoderm, not neural crest ectoderm. Make this change throughout the book (endocrine, reproductive) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 07/11/17 8:10 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1066 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview#a3 | Text states "Thyroid tissue and parafollicular cells (aka, C cells, produce Calcitonin) of the thyroid are derived from endoderm". But parafollicular C Cells are derived from neural crest cells (which is later correctly stated on page 581) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | already fixed. thank you. -LL | | | | 07/18/17 4:00 PM | Rachel | Kim | kim.rachel112@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1067 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Embryology | Thyroid development | You own book | You say that the parafollicular cells of the thyroid come from the endoderm while in the reproductive chapter, you say it originates from neural crest (also said in UWorld) | Major erratum | Duplicate | already taken care of. thanks! -LL | | | | 08/28/17 5:59 AM | Jacques | BIJON | j.bijon@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1068 | 312 | Endocrine | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Thyroid development | Page 581 FA'17 and Page 563 FA'16 | Last line says thyroid and parafollicular C cells are derived from endoderm. Where infact thyroid follicular cells are endodermal and thyroid c cells are derived from the neural crest. Thyroid follicular cells+Parathyroid are endodermal. Thyroid C cells (Parafollicular) are Neural Crest Derivatives. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/18/17 6:34 AM | jamal | s | jamal.syed@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1069 | 313 | Endocrine | | | Anatomy | Pituitary gland | Its a mnemonic | I just think a better mnemonic or memory device to remember acidophils vs. basophils is "big boobs [or breasts]" for acidophils (growth hormone = big and prolactin = breast). Easier because only two acidophils so rest are automatically basophils | Mnemonic | Verified | reject, our current mnemonic is better and not potentially offensive.--edu | Agree with Emma, would avoid something potentially offensive. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/31/16 12:38 PM | Nicholas | Goodhope | ngoodhope@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1070 | 313 | Endocrine | | | Anatomy | Pituitary gland | First Aid 2017 | How to remember the nuclei for each posterior pituitary hormone: Supraoptic=SIADH (ADH), PARaventricular=PARturition (Oxytocin) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Bit of a stretch. -Brian B | | | | 02/18/17 3:39 AM | Zachary | Mostel | zack.mostel@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1071 | 313 | Endocrine | | | Anatomy | Endocrine pancreas cell types | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pancreatic-beta-cell-function | To remember the cell types and what they secrete: A Girl BIDs Sororities - Alpha cells & Glucagon, Beta cells & Insulin, Delta cells and Somatostatin | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not a fan of this, not very streamlined imo. -Brian B | | | | 04/18/17 9:43 AM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1072 | 313 | Endocrine | | | Anatomy | Pituitary gland | not needed | It says ADH and oxytocin are made in the hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei). It should be written (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, respectively) so there's less confusion as to where each one is produced. | Clarification to current text | Verified | not needed because each ADH and oxytocin are described in their own section below with their indicated place of genesis if you will...-LL | Great suggestion but I think the commenter is incorrect in suggesting that each hormone is synthesized in their specific location. Should be left as is because they are both synthesized in both locations (correct later in the text as stated by LL). Source: http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v12/n9/fig_tab/nrn3044_F1.html -Connie Q | We actually used to say something like this. We found evidence that it was incorrect and therefore edited to the text we have now. I thus agree with the authors that no change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/08/17 3:23 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||
| 1073 | 313 | Endocrine | | | Anatomy | Pituitary gland | Not needed. | How to remember anterior pituitary alfa subunit hormones: Always (alfa) and Forever (FSH) True (TSH) Love (LH) Hunger (hCG). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Good try, but a bit of a stretch imo. -Brian B | | | | 05/15/17 12:28 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1074 | 313 | Endocrine | | | Anatomy | Pituitary gland | Just a clarification | book states: Posterior pituitary stores and releases vasopressin and oxytocin both made in hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular) when the book should make it clear that ADH is from supraoptic and oxytocin is from paraventricular simply by adding the word 'respectively.' | Clarification to current text | Verified | not needed because each ADH and oxytocin are described in their own section below with their indicated place of genesis if you will...-LL | Same as above -Connie Q | As above, incorrect and need not be corrected. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/01/17 6:44 PM | Carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1075 | 314 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Insulin | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3053958 | Growth hormone causes insulin resistance (diabetogenic) and leads to increased insulin release. | Clarification to current text | Verified | The page is 317. ...True, but increased insulin release is all because under pathological condition of hGH excess, there becomes increased endogenous glucose production and decreased glucose uptake which --> rise in blood glucose levels/hyperglycemic state --> hyperinsulinemia ....I believe the text on 317 is fine the way it is. - LL | Disagree. Page 317 states that the increased insulin resistance is caused by GH. -Brian B | I don't think we need to state increased secretion. The majority of insulin resistance conditions will generally increase insulin secretion to compensate. It's an indirect effect. Stating it as a direct effect would be misleading. For this reason, I agree with the authors, no change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/21/17 6:10 PM | Adriana C. | Torres Guzmán | adrianatorres163@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1076 | 314 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Insulin | First Aid 2017 | GLUT2: 2-way street (bidirectional) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like this addition. Please make the 2 in "GLUT2" and "2" in "2-way" red. -Brian B | | | | 05/07/17 12:29 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1077 | 314 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Insulin | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.une.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?sectionid=59610843&bookid=980&jumpsectionID=100391425&Resultclick=2 | The current mnemonic "BRICK L" for insulin-independent transporters should be expanded to "BRICK LIPS" in order to include the remaining cell types (Islet cells(beta), Placenta, Spermatocytes) currently listed in this section of FA2017. | Mnemonic | Verified | Agree with this addition. -Brian B | | | | 05/07/17 7:27 PM | Cameron | Bubar | cbubar@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1078 | 314 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Parathyroid hormone | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-evaluation-of-glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis | On pg. 314 of the 2016 edition: The text lists "NH-kappaB ligand", when it should be NF-kappaB ligand" | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Wrong edition | | | | 05/30/17 5:56 PM | John | Souter | jsouter@luc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1079 | 314 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Insulin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_transporter | Delete the (bidirectional) that is next to GLUT2. All GLUT transporters work by facilitated diffusion therefore all of them can be bidirectional. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Deny. No. please understand most are unidirectional transporters.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21669/ | Hm based on literature online, it seems that all GLUT transporters do have the potential to work bidirectionally, but differences in concentration between filtrate and intracellular compartment determines direction of flux. It seems that the bidirectionality of GLUT2 is definitely emphasized, so I don't think we need to delete it, and I'm not sure the fact that all GLUT transporters have the potential to work bidirectionally is HY, so I think we should leave it as is, unless someone has a better idea of how to make it more accurate? Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435356/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652499/ -Connie Q | GLUT-2 does have bidirectionality. So we are not wrong. I suppose next year we can take the time to explore if additional clarification (namely other GLUT transporters) should be mentioned. Certainly not a pressing erratum needing input right now. I will accept for migration as a defer to 2018 comment. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/15/17 1:10 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1080 | 314 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Insulin | NA | Insulin-independent transporters: “BRICK L” mnemonic, I suggest using “LICK BR” instead - as in (lick Baskin Robbins ice-cream). It basically uses the same exact letters but formed into a much more representative mnemonic (as sweet BR ice-cream would remind us of glucose and insulin, etc.) rather than BRICK L which does not really link to glucose or insulin. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/26/17 7:29 AM | M. Marwan | Dabbagh | m.dabbagh@outlook.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1081 | 315 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bone-disease-with-hyperthyroidism-and-thyroid-hormone-therapy#H3, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19885809 | T3 regulates bone turnover. It should not say bone growth. | Clarification to current text | Verified | text is fine for this year. ..and i get what you're saying.. but....read this...-LL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24914940 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435356/ | Per Lauren's feedback and my own search, growth is regulated. So it is not incorrect to say this. But, I will concede that there could be value in expanding this (next year) to turnover. Hyperthyroid patients are at risk for osteoporosis (eg, see "The influence of thyroid dysfunction on bone metabolism" from 2014) and this may be why. But, growth is known to also be affected. I will accept this a defer to 2018 comment to be considered next year. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/21/17 3:53 AM | David | Fruchter | dfruchter90@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1082 | 316 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | not needed | hormones that act via Receptor Tyrosine kinase are: Insulin + all the things that end in -GF (like EGF, IGF, PDGF,etc) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/11/17 2:26 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1083 | 316 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Prolactin | Not needed | Prolactin is structurally homologous to Growth hormone, I like to remember this by thinking "Pro = Gro" for Pro(Lactin) and Gro(wth hormone) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Could easily be screwed up by the student and has no real way to easily remember this. -Brian B | | | | 06/02/17 7:44 PM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1084 | 316 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2426006/ | on the graph depicted in the page and the box that contains the factors that inhibit dopamine secretion , the second point (which is chest wall injury) is not true as i read researches that have concluded that there is No evidence was found to suggest that sustained hyperprolactinaemia will follow chest wall injury. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Deny....interesting point...but that reference is from 1980...and only used 16 patients in their study.......7 people after thoracotomy.....1 person after chest wall burns.....and 8 people with traumatic rib fractures....-LL | Reject. UTD is usually updated with the currently accepted paradigms, and chest wall injury is listed as a cause of hyperprolactinemia (presumably due to a neural mechanism similar to that of suckling): https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-hyperprolactinemia#H87853670 Agree with LL that study is interesting but subject number does not convey enough power. -Connie Q | We added this with pretty good (and more recent) evidence not too long ago, perhaps even last year. It is definitely correct and as far as I know not more recently refuted. Agree with authors that this should stay as is. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/03/17 8:33 AM | Maen | Abu mahfouz | maenabumahfuth95@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1085 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Antidiuretic hormone | Not needed. mentioned in the FA17 in other pages | "Desmopressin acetate (ADH analog) is a treatment for central DI and nocturnal enuresis" . Please add other uses also " von willebrand disease , Hemophilia A." | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not needed. Ddavp is a Direct treatment of what is lacking in central-DI, and via the same action/mechanism/direct usage of the hormone it is also treatment for nocturnal enuresis. ...This is clear in the text the way it is now. ......Ddavp is indeed used in the treatment of VWD and Hemophilia A, stated on page 406 and 404 respectively, but the mechanism of Ddavp in the treatment of those 2 blood diseases is INdirect, and I don't believe would fit too well on page 317. I believe it would provide confusion as it pertains to the mechanism of Ddavp. - LL | While I agree with LL, I think not putting the fact that DDVAP is used for vwf and hemophilia A is sort of short sited. Maybe add "Also used in vwd and Hemophilia A via a different mechanism." -Brian B | Don't think this is necessary. The synthetic form is covered under pharmacology on page 342 and that is the best place to cover the non-endocrinology related uses. VWD is listed there. If you wish, you can add other disorders such as hemophilia A. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/27/17 9:12 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1086 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Antidiuretic hormone | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27483065, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27299739, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27186561 | Antidiuretic Hormone has an alternative name "Vasopressin" which is still in use today. It would be beneficiary for the students to add this name in parenthesis near the title because it makes ADH analogues easier to understand and it also points to the moderate vasoconstriction effects of the hormone (vasoPRESSIN). At the references you can find a few current articles that uses refers to ADH as vasopressin. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree, the most famous ADH analog Desmopressin "(Ddavp) is a synthetic analog of ADH which retains antidiuretic activity but lacks vasopressor activity" - Uptodate.com -LL | -Disagree. Desmopressin has no vasopressor activity itself. -Brian B | Desmopressin acts predominantly via V2 (more kidney specific), and Vasopressin via V1 and V2 (the latter we often use as a pressor in the ICU). We cover the former but not the latter. I think it might be worthwhile for us to consider mentioning that Vasopressin is available as a pressor, such that students can better understand the pharmacologic applications of ADH analogs. I would consider adding it here, and/or on page 342 where the pharmacology chapter covers Desmopressin. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/04/17 4:18 PM | Fazilhan | Altintas | fazilhanaltintas@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1087 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Antidiuretic hormone | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vasopressin-and-desmopressin-stimulation-test?source=search_result&search=antidiuretic%20hormone&selectedTitle=3~150 | VASOPRESSIN PHYSIOLOGY — Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized in the magnicellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and is stored in neurosecretory granules in the axons, which project to the posterior pituitary. In addition, proAVP is co-secreted with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from smaller parvicellular neurons in a section of the paraventricular nuclei, which project their axons to the median eminence and portal system of the pituitary stalk | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree, the text on page 317 under ADH source ought to be written as....."Synthesized in the hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei), stored and secreted by posterior pituitary." ...Their source is good. I found this also stated in Goljan Rapid review pathology book, and at the following website. -LL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11571936 | Agree with exactly how LL has it written. This is something that gets tested via endocrine and neurology combination. Sources all look good. -Brian B | Happy to see this migrated over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Accept | | Replace the text for SOURCE with the following: “Synthesized in hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei), stored and secreted by posterior pituitary.” | | 10 | | 03/22/17 3:03 PM | Tara | Hogan | tarahoga@buffalo.edu | | | |||||||
| 1088 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Pituitary gland | http://www.njmonline.nl/getpdf.php?id=276 | Production and release of vasopressin Vasopressin is a nonapeptide, which is synthesised in magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular and supra- optic nuclei in the hypothalamus. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | this is not erratum. this would be a new fact edition for "nonapeptide" and "magnocellular" words to be added. the text is fine for 2018. -LL | Reject, this seems too LY for step 1, the text as is really hits all the major points on production and release. -Connie Q | Probably low yield. But reasonable to give it a fair shake for inclusion next year,,, will accept as a deferred new addition. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/27/17 5:50 PM | mahmoud | Elmahdy | mahmoud.emad128@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1089 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Appetite regulation | https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/17/8/2043/603010/Leptin-in-functional-hypothalamic-amenorrhoea | Please mention the role of "Leptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea" as this concept is needed to solve few questions in question banks. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Leptin is probably a 3rd order answer to a question as it relates to possible PCOS diagnosis in an individual a few months of amenorrhea? that is my thought when I read this comment. I'm not opposed to it being added for 2019. -LL | Yes leptin can be administered in hypothalamic amenorrhea but I agree with LL in that it may be too LY. Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiology-of-leptin?source=search_result&search=amenorrhea%20leptin&selectedTitle=1~150#H1366482555 -ConnieQ | Can consider for the 2019 edition (will accept for migration). -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/01/17 3:37 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1090 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Appetite regulation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ghrelin | change "ghrenlin makes you hunghre" to "ghrelin makes your stomach ghrowl in hunghre" to strengthen mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change to "Ghrelin makes your stomach ghrowl (growl)" -Brian B | | | | 05/03/17 11:34 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1091 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Appetite regulation | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2693 | "GH secretagog receptor" should be "GH secretagogue receptor." | Spelling/formatting | Verified | added to Annotate. | Already fixed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/11/17 4:03 PM | Taylor | Maney | TLManey@aol.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1092 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Appetite regulation | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190751 | Ghrelin mneumonic - GHRElin makes you hunGHRE and GHREow -- to account for ghrelin's role in the stimulation of growth hormone release. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above. -Brian B | | | | 05/11/17 5:51 PM | Derin | Allard | derindallard@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1093 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Growth hormone (somatotropin) | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84551997000300026 I used the diagram from this website to devise the basic layout of my own diagram. I also illustrated additional concepts described in the written section from first aid. | I believe that there should be illustrations for the regulation of all of the hormones. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | just wait till you see what we've done for 2018 book. -LL | We cannot act on this comment. But yes, 2018 will be quite an improvement!! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/24/17 12:48 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1094 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Appetite regulation | https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=growth%20hormone%20secretagogue%20receptor | GH secretagog is correctly spelled GH secretagogue | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 07/01/17 11:57 PM | carl | provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1095 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Appetite regulation | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/733348_3 | It should be included that obesity is associated with high leptin concentrations (due to a development of leptin resistance in these patients). Of course leptin is a satiety hormone inhibiting hunger but with the current text ("leptin makes you thin"), students can be misled thinking: a patient who is thin has high leptin and a patient who is obese has low leptin; whereas, paradoxically it is the opposite that is true. Including that obesity is associated with high leptin concentrations will eliminate any confusion in answering such questions. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/25/17 9:34 PM | Lee | Seifer | lseif002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1096 | 317 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Appetite regulation | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa030204 | A small addition should be added in this section to include Peptide YY (PYY). All that would need to be included in regards to Peptide YY is that it reduces appetite and has been administered to obese patients as such because unlike leptin, obese patients do not develop a resistance to Peptide YY (I have come across this concept many times within my studies and within question banks). | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/25/17 9:44 PM | Lee | Seifer | lseif002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1097 | 318 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117140-overview | 17α-hydroxylase has 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, both. However in the text 17α-hydroxylase catalyzes the rx 17-hydroxypregnenolone to Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and in reality it is 17,20-lyase that catalyze that reaction, although its not wrong in the book it is quite confusing. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 04/07/17 4:06 AM | Lucas | Heldt Manica | manica@hawaii.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1098 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | From 2016 First Aid | Conversion from 17 hydroxyprognenolone to DHEA enzyme is 17, 20 LYASE and so is 17 hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione | Minor erratum | Duplicate | True. -SM | Duplicate, addressed in another earlier submission, where this was rejected because all of those are synonyms. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/31/16 6:25 PM | REBECCA | NKRUMAH | REBECCARUTHNKRUMAH@GMAIL.COM | | | ||||||||||||
| 1099 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | FA 2016 pg 318 | Add metyrapone as shown in attached pic | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept, the addition of metyrapone inhibiting 11B-hydroxylase in the conversion of 11-deoxycortisol --> cortisol ..is a good idea. Especially since in FA 2017 pg 318 there is other drugs shown to inhibit other enzymes. This information with a small schematic is also in Goljan pathology notes....- LL Reference: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/metyrapone-stimulation-tests?source=search_result&search=metyrapone&selectedTitle=4~36 | Accept. This is noted in other sources as well as noted in Goljan and uptodate. This is also a tested concept within uworld for step 1. Agree with addition. Sources linked are good. -Brian B | I would support this, to better help students visualize the role of the metyrapone stimulation test. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/12/17 5:47 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1100 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Enzyme terminology | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251937/ | In the 2017 version the enzyme for the conversion of 17-hydroxypregnenolone to both DHEA and Androstenedione is listed as "17α-HYDROXYLASE" when it should be listed as "17,20-LYASE". It is correct in the FA 2016 | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/28/17 5:21 PM | Andrew | Armenta | armenta.drew@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1101 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/8070426 | For 11alpha hydroxylase deficiency the aldosterone is decreased and it's listed. But for 17alpha hydroxylase deficiency the aldosterone is not mentioned. Aldosterone is decreased here too due to suppression of it and renin by Increase of DOC. Absence of that information make it seems like it might/could be increased. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Reject. The mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) is increased, which it states in his reference as well. I believe the student submitter did not quite understand what they were reading. The text is fine as it is. - LL | Reject. Text is clear as written. -Brian B | Table already appropriately shows aldosterone being decreased for 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. No change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/11/17 5:26 PM | Ahmad | Akhtar | ahmadnakhtar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1102 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | Kaplan Physiology | In the 2017 edition, in place of 17alpha hydroxylase, it should have been 17,20 lyase which converts 17 hydroxy steroids to adrenal androgens. | Major erratum | Verified | Fixed page number and fact name. So these enzyme names are synonyms. Thus, we are not incorrect, but rather we've simply chosen to show one name of this enzyme. Names include cytochrome P450 17A1, steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α hydroxylase, 17,20 lyase, and 17,20 desmolase. All do the same thing. Thus, I really do not see a reason to change, unless there is evidence that one synonym is more likely to be tested on the exam than another. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/17/17 1:43 PM | Samrat Babu | Koirala | samratspeaks@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1103 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | FA 2017 | Add 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11b-HSD; mentioned on pg. 556 in Renal) to the steroid synthesis diagram where glycyrrhetinic acid is shown inhibiting cortisol --> cortisone | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, enzyme 11B-HSD mentioned on page 556 is the enzyme that is blocked by the glycyrrhetinic acid found in licorice. This is a low yield item and would crowd the flow chart too much i feel. .. -LL | Reject the addition. However, this is not low yield as this did show up on my usmle exam. I think the diagram is good the way it is. Information on 556 can be used adequately with the current diagram. -Brian B | While helpful to know, I agree it would make the diagram too crowded to list such a long enzyme. For this reason, I would defer addition, and students can refer to page 556 for further details as per Brian. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/09/17 1:48 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1104 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ENDO%2F104126&topicKey=ENDO%2F15686&source=see_link | For 17alpha hydroxylase deficiency, the aldosterone is reduced | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. intuitively mineralocorticoids are indeed increased in 17-alphaHydroxylase deficiency...the text is fine as it is. Because there is no cortisol being made the ACTH production goes into overdrive causing a ton of aldosterone precursors (11-DeOxyCorticosterone) to be made...which in large quantities (like in this disease) acts as a mineralocorticoid causing hypertension...this hypertension THEN causes suppression of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. I believe it would be counterintuitive to put decreased aldosterone in this table without putting an asterisk next to it and providing an explanation at the bottom of the page. -LL | Reject. Mineralcorticoids are increased in 17a-hydrxylase deficiency. -Brian B | Authors summarized it well, we are correct as is (aldosterone is increased) and no change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/20/17 10:18 AM | Yuntao | Zou | snowmoonist@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1105 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/919218-overview | All congenital adrenal hyperplasia are autosomal recessive disorders. ** All congenital adrenal enzyme deficiencies are characterized by an enlargement of both adrenal glands due to increased ACTH stimulation (in response to decreased cortisol) and by skin hyperpigmentation.** can be re-written as ** All congenital adrenal enzyme deficiencies are "autosomal recessive" disorders characterized by an enlargement of both adrenal glands due to increase ACTH stimulation (in response to decreased cortisol) and by skin hyperpigmentation.** Note that," autosomal recessive " is added. | Clarification to current text | Verified | suggested by a crowdsourced..and done. -LL | Agree with LL -Connie Q | Yes, we already prepared for this per another crowdsourcer, this is thus a duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/01/17 3:11 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1106 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | not needed | The same page has two ' a ' superscript , one in StAR in the top and others after the names of the enzyme.It is better to change this to avoid confusion. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | | | | 05/01/17 3:18 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1107 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-nonclassic-late-onset-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-due-to-21-hydroxylase-deficiency | Please mention the terms nonclassic (late-onset) congenital adrenal hyperplasia and classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. It is very high yield to know these terms and their difference in presentation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | agree for next year to add these for 2019 text. -LL | Reasonable to add for next year, I agree. Accepting as a deferred comment. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/01/17 3:29 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1108 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470730_3 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/919218-overview#a1 | "StAR" has to be mentioned on the side of " cholesterol desmolase"( not on the top with cholesterol) because ** The acute regulation of the process of conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR).** | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Already done, must have been suggested by someone else as well. -LL | Agree with LL -Connie Q | Already done, agree. No change needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/01/17 3:50 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1109 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2419119 | It is necessary to know that , cholesterol desmolase is also known as " side chain cleavage enzyme" as questions are based on the name. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Never heard of this before being used in place of "desmolase" ..and I've never had a question I couldn't answer because "20,22-desmolase" "P450scc" SCC being "side chain cleavage enzyme" was missing from my mental library of facts. I'd say not relevant for step-1, far too detailed for the suggested page it be added to, and I'm confident step-1 questions will be answerable without know SCC. Their reference is from 30 years ago. These are my opinions, please feel free to disagree. -LL | Although I've heard of desmolase being referred to as "side chain cleavage enzyme," I agree with LL in that I doubt a step 1 question will use it in place of cholesterol desmolase. -Connie Q | This is probably beyond scope, but willing to migrate it over for consideration next year. Will accept for that purpose. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/01/17 3:57 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1110 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | First Aid 2017 page 556, syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid access | Add enzyme "11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase" from reaction cortisol to cortisone which is inhibited by Glycyrrhetinic acid. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | suggested by someone else. already done. -LL | Agree with LL -Connie Q | Duplicate -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/09/17 5:59 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1111 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1329&context=articles | The pathway of adrenal steroid synthesis flowchart is not intuitive or easy to follow. My suggestion is merely a rearrangement of what is already in the diagram, with the purpose of increasing memory formation and recall (the accompanying hyperlink for this submission includes just one of many studies that demonstrates the importance of images and organization in memory recall). Be consistent in the presentation of the important enzymes with their corresponding reactions. Currently, the reactions proceeding to the right have the enzyme written directly over the arrow of that reaction. I believe this is the best way to present this information (because it is the conventional way most students learned to write reactions in chemistry). However, for the reactions proceeding downward, the enzyme name is written off to the side of the flow diagram, not directly next to the reaction, with a horizontal pink bar spanning two downward reaction arrows. The diagram would be easier to follow if the enzyme names were written directly next to the arrow of the reaction they catalyze. I understand the purpose of the pink bars is to highlight the fact that both the aldosterone and cortisol pathways require the same enzymes, and are thus affected by certain enzyme deficiencies. Simply writing the enzyme names directly next to the arrows of the reactions they catalyze, however, would improve the readability of the chart immensely. Also, if the authors of FA are inclined to keep those pink bars to indicate the 21- and 11- enzyme deficiencies, the same should be done for the 17a-hydroxylase reactions (i.e. a vertical red bar overlying those arrows/enzymes). | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I hear you. I like you idea about the downward vertical bars for 17a-hydroxylase. ........Lets talk to illustration team for 2019 text. defer for now. I did NOT add this to annotate. -LL | I get how it may seem inconsistent that pink bars are highlighting 21- and 11- enzyme deficiencies but not 17-a-hydroxylate, but I feel like a vertical red bar would make the chart more messy? I understand how it may be more intuitive if enzyme names were written directly next to the arrow instead of off to the side, but I feel like it would crowd the diagram. I think the chart is easy enough to follow as is, there is just so much information and it's all incorporated how it is right now. However, I don't think it would be a bad idea for the illustration team to look over these suggestions for 2019! -Connie Q | | | | 06/26/17 10:54 AM | Shayla | Patton | shayla.patton22@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1112 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/metyrapone | Add metyrapone as a blocker of 11b-hydroxylase (mentioned in page 324 of FA 2017) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | already done. suggested by someone else. -LL | Agree with LL -ConnieQ | | | | 07/06/17 6:59 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1113 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | Harper's Biochemistry | the enzyme from 17-hydroxypregnenolone to DHEA should be 17,20 lyase instead of 17 alpha hydroxylase | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/15/17 12:45 PM | Atisha | Patel | atipat315@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1114 | 319 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Calcium homeostasis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122207-workup | Hypoalbuminemia causes a drop in total calcium concentration, but the ionized fraction may be within the reference range. Elevated protein states, such as multiple myeloma and paraproteinemias, may cause an elevation of the total calcium concentration, but the ionized fraction may be within the reference range. The relationship between total serum calcium and albumin is defined by the following simple rule: the serum total calcium concentration falls by 0.8 mg/dL for every 1-g/dL fall in serum albumin concentration. This rule assumes that normal albumin equals 4.0 g/dL and normal calcium is 10.0 mg/dL. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I know I hear you. This has been worked up in annotate already by a crowdsourcer. -LL | | | | 04/27/17 5:19 PM | mahmoud | Elmahdy | mahmoud.emad128@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1115 | 319 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Vitamin D | not needed | In regulation , it is mentioned as " 1,25-(OH)2" twice. It has to be "1,25-(OH)2 D3" (D3 is missing).For reference, it is mentioned on the same page. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | thank you but already fixed. -LL | | | | 05/01/17 2:56 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1116 | 319 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Vitamin D | N/A | To remember that Ergocalciferol is Vit D2 and Cholecalciferol is Vit D3, note that the number of C's in the name corresponds to the # of the Vit D. ergoCalCiferol=D2 (2 C's), CholeCalCiferol=D3 (3 C's) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/05/17 12:07 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1117 | 320 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Parathyroid hormone | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/ | In the illustration under "Vitamin D activity" the arrow from 1,25-(OH)2D3 points to an "increase in Ca2+ and phosphate released from bone". Although, this is correct, it contradicts the statement that vitamin D enhances bone mineralization on the previous page. These two seemingly contradictory facts should be reconciled. | Minor erratum | Verified | This is a straightforward error, we have described in the "vitamin D illustration" is the activity of PTH, NOT Vit D. Vitamin D increases Ca2+ by increasing intestinal calcium absorption. -SM | Agree with expert review to recommend the best way to revise our image. -RG | Fixed page/fact name. I might actually put this up for expert input. While that is in fact PTH's action, there is some mounting evidence that vitamin D acts directly on bone as well, which was the impetus for the diagram edit last year. Take a look at this Nature article, for example, which covers a decent amount of direct vitamin D activity on bone metabolism of minerals: http://www.nature.com/bonekeyreports/2014/140205/bonekey2013229/full/bonekey2013229.html -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 01/11/17 8:55 PM | Mikhail | Rassokhin | medchel@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 1118 | 320 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Parathyroid hormone | not needed | Under the image for Vitamin D activity, the up arrow corresponding to the effect of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 on the intestines and kidney indicates that there is increased absorption of BOTH calcium and phosphate ions from BOTH anatomical sites. However, this conflicts with what is stated on the previous page There is increased absorption of calcium and decreased absorption of phosphate in the kidney. The arrow is misleading and should be corrected. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/27/17 10:08 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1119 | 320 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Parathyroid hormone | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/874690-overview | The first aid text states "PTH binds RANK receptor on osteoCLASTs" which is incorrect, osteoclasts do not have the RANK receptor, PTH binds the RANK receptor on osteoBLASTs, which then releases cytokines and indirectly stimulates the osteoclasts. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. While they are not wrong in their statement... b/c his reference states exactly that...however, his quote from FA 2017 is not exact...I believe they are not understanding that RANK-L secreted by blasts and cytes -- then binds to the RANK receptor (found on clasts/clast precursors) which then stimulates them do to their job which is bone resorption. Perhaps instead of the period behind "osteoblasts and osteocytes" there could be a little arrow to make this fact better understood. -LL | Reject. Text states clearly the function of PTH and the RANK and RANK-L interaction. The text is correct and I don't think any change at all is warented. -Brian B | Reference seems to support what we have in the book and the authors have done a nice job of spelling out the correct pathophysiology. I do not believe we need to make any major changes here, we are correct as is. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 6:59 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1120 | 320 | Endocrine | | | Miscellaneous | Calcium homeostasis | N/A | Causes of Hypercalcemia: DAMPSHIT; Hypervitaminosis D, Hypervitaminosis A, Malignancy, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Sarcoidosis, Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (hereditary), Immobilization, TB, Thiazide diuretics, Thyrotoxicosis | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This list can be much longer and its not an easy way to remember this information. -Brian B | | | | 04/11/17 7:25 PM | Mark | Greenhill | mgreenhill1990@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1121 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | UWorld, https://www-uptodate-com.revproxy.brown.edu/contents/thyroid-function-in-nonthyroidal-illness, http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/9405 | Reverse T3 (rT3) is the inactive form of T3 produced exclusively from the peripheral deiodination of T4 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. While the errata holds true under pathological conditions, I believe this fact would be completely out of place on page 321 which is for general thyroid hormone function. Goljan Pathology has this fact in his notes under Sick Euthyroid syndrome just like the errata reference from Mayoclinic which discusses this fact in relation to Sick Euthyroid Syndrome. -LL | Reject. While this fact is correct, its addition to page 321 would not be the best place. Low yield topic. -Brian B | Sounds like we are deeming this to be lower yield, and for that reason, I am OK not adding here. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/09/17 2:10 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1122 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endocrine-dysfunction-in-the-nephrotic-syndrome | Nephrotic syndrome also decreases TBG, decreasing total T4. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Add nephrotic syndrome after steroids on page 321. Linked uptodate is quality source and correct. -Brian B | Agree. Source is a good reference. - RG | Agree with addition. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/13/17 6:20 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1123 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/endocrine-dysfunction-in-the-nephrotic-syndrome | Add nephrotic syndrome as a cause that also decreases TBG, decreasing total T4. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | see above. -Brian B | Same as above. -RG | Duplicate, reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 6:25 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1124 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | uWORLD QBANK. http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/9405 | add reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) as a marker for peripheral T4 conversion | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, this errata is not correct. rT3 is not simply a marker for peripheral T4 conversion...errata reference states "for the diagnosis of "sick euthyroid syndrome"... This is too low yield of a detail, and wouldn't fit on this page I don't feel..... (((((But while researching this I learned that T4 is converted to Active T3 by removing an iodine atom from its OUTTR ring...and conversely T4 is converted to Inactive rT3 by removing an iodine atom from its INNER ring...and that there are 3 types of deiondineases found in humans...Thyroid hormone is activated when the prohormone T4 is converted to the active hormone (T3) through the removal of an iodine atom from its outer ring and deactivated when an iodine atom is removed from its inner ring (which converts thyroxine to the inactive rT3). Deiodination occurs mainly within the cells; thus, cell-specific deiodinases play an important role in determining the activity of thyroid hormone. Three deiodinases are found in humans: (1) Type 1 (found mainly in the liver and kidney), which can remove iodine both rings; (2) Type 2 (found mainly in skeletal muscle and in the heart, fat, thyroid, and central nervous system [including the brain]), which can induce deiodination in the outer ring, making it the main activating enzyme; and (3) Type 3 (found in fetal tissue and in the placenta), which induces deiodination in the inner ring only and, thus is the main inactivating enzyme.))) http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/722086_8 | Reject. rT3 is rarely used as a marker and is not high yield enough to warrant inclusion. -RG | Duplicate entry. Sounds like we are deeming this to be lower yield, and for that reason, I am OK not adding here. Appreciate the detailed feedback from the authors! -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 6:46 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1125 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/thyroid-hormone-synthesis-and-physiology?source=machineLearning&search=5%27-deiodinase&selectedTitle=1~5§ionRank=2&anchor=H32#H32 | "5, 4, 3 at periphery" - 5'-deiodinase converts T4 to T3 at the periphery | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change to "5, 4, 5 at the periphery" Make the "5", "4", "3", and "periphery" red. Then make the "5" in "5-deiodinase", "4" in "T4", "3" in "T3" red as well. -Brian B | | | | 04/18/17 9:50 AM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1126 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/beta-blockers-in-the-treatment-of-hyperthyroidism | In the diagram , in peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 , add beta-blocker as it also inhibits peripheral conversion ( besides PTU). This is a high yield tested fact in exams. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | NOT adding to annotate because we have to change a whole image, but definitely should add next year, as propranolol is used to treat thyroid storm specifically because of its action in blocking conversion of T4 to T3. -Connie Q | | | | 05/03/17 1:57 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1127 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | USMLE WORLD/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278909/ | It is important to note that chronic anorexia decreases GnRH secretion, this downstream decreases estrogen that decreases TBG. Patient with anorexia will have a hypothyroid state because of decreased TBG = total T4 is decreased, free T4 usually is not changed, total T3 is reduced significantly, but free T3 and basal TSH are usually unchanged. | Clarification to current text | Verified | NOT adding to annotate but totally should consider for next year. Suggest adding chronic anorexia after ↓TBG in hepatic failure, steroids, nephrotic syndrome so it would look like: "↓TBG in hepatic failure, steroids, nephrotic syndrome, chronic anorexia" -Connie Q | | | | 05/10/17 10:01 AM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1128 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475155 | It should be noted that in addition to inhibiting thyroid peroxidase, excess iodide will inhibit iodide uptake into the thyroid follicular cells by the sodium-iodide symporter. This inhibition is useful in the event of radioactive exposure, a tested topic. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | NOT adding to annotate but definitely should consider for next year. Easy change, after (-) thyroid peroxidase, could just add (-) iodide uptake -Connie Q | | | | 05/14/17 9:19 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1129 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | not needed | Hormones that act via Tyrosine Kinase: Tyred Kids (tyrosine kinase) Grow (GH) Pretty (prolactin) Insanely (insulin) Ingloriously (IGF-1). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change to read "Tired kids (tyrosine kinase) Grow (GH) Pretty (prolactin) Insanely (insulin) Irritated (IGF-1) -Brian B | | | | 01/02/17 5:23 PM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1130 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | not needed | Hormones that act via cAMP mechanism: “Campers Act Like They Are Having Fun But Most Can’t Get Play.” CRH, ACTH, LH, TSH, ADH, hCG, FSH, beta-receptors, MSH, Calcitonin, Glucagon, PTH | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Doesn't make sense. -Brian B | | | | 01/29/17 8:13 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1131 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | not needed | Instead of using PET CAT on TV, you can use Intra"CELL"ular Receptor to refer to "TAPE, CD". T for T3, T4, and Testosterone; A for Aldosterone; P for Progesterone; E for Estrogen; C for Cortisol; and D for Vitamin D. For some reason I can better relate to CELL, TAPE, CD. Also, at least in this way of sequencing the hormones, the adrenal steroids are somewhat together. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I like what we have. -Brian B | | | | 02/25/17 3:12 AM | Benjamin Rojas | Soosiah | r.soosiah@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1132 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | https://www.qiagen.com/no/shop/genes-and-pathways/pathway-details/?pwid=199 | ghrh leads to PLC activation produces both PIP2 and IP3 (Inositol Triphosphate) which leads to release of intracellular Ca2+ from the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, GnRH is already listed as using IP3. Also incorporated in the GOAT HAG mnemonic. -Connie Q | | | | 04/27/17 5:33 PM | mahmoud | Elmahdy | mahmoud.emad128@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1133 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1537311 | Please mention another name of "Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase" as " tyrosine kinase associated receptor" to avoid confusion. " tyrosine kinase associated receptor" is a frequently used term. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I appreciate your politeness, and like you, I don't like how something so simple - can become so scary & confusing when it's called by a completely different name in a test question you only have seconds to answer.. I am in favor of considering this/looking into this further for the 2019 text edition next year. -LL | Agree with LL in that we could consider next year to just add "tyrosine kinase associated receptor" in parenthesis -Connie Q | | | | 05/01/17 4:27 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1134 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Section I | Signaling pathway of steroid hormones | Not needed. | To remember the rest of the hormones that work via cAMP in addition to FLAT CHAMP: "Glad 2 go home 2 California." Glucagon, GHRH, histamine, calcitonin, and two number 2's to remember V2 and H2 receptors. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I don't like having to mnemonics for the same thing. Would have liked to seen them combined. -Brian B | | | | 05/15/17 12:42 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1135 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | N/A | For the section on cAMP, the pneumonic could be changed to FLAT ChAMP of CHuGG camp. C= calcitonin, H= Histamine H2 receptor, G= GHRH, G= glucagon | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 12:51 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1136 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Cortisol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal_axis Please note that I did not create the diagram found on this website. However, I think that adding a diagram similar to the one found on this website would be helpful in learning about the regulation of cortisol/aldosterone/androgens. | Adding a diagram similar to the one that can be found in the link below would be helpful. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Could consider for next year, but information would be redundant. What do others think? -Connie Q | | | | 06/24/17 1:01 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1137 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | Page 314 of First Aid 2017 edition, within the Figure about Insulin-dependent glucose uptake; Uworld | For "Receptor tyrosine kinase", It is better to write the "RAS/MAP kinase pathway" have been used, instead of MAP kinase pathway. | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is true, Ras will activate MAP kinase kinase kinase (Raf) which activates MAP kinase kinase (Mek) to activate MAP kinase (Erk), and the examples (like EGF) definitely act through this. Is this HY enough to change, as MAP kinase is frequently used to refer to this pathway as is? Or should we change to Ras/MAP? Because it's technically right, but so is MAPK/ERK, or Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK, etc etc I think it's whatever nomenclature people prefer? -Connie Q | | | | 07/16/17 7:36 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1138 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21705/ | Both 2s, H2 and V2, use cAMP. Both 1s, H1 and V1, use IP3. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/11/17 7:08 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1139 | 323 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Cushing syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-and-pathophysiology-of-cushings-syndrome | In the etiology of cushing syndrome , in primary adrenal adenoma, hyperplasia, or carcinoma, ** atrophy of uninvolved adrenal gland ** can be re-written as "atrophy of zonae fasciculata and reticularis of uninvolved gland" | Clarification to current text | Verified | True, and definitely correct that there's atrophy of the fasciculata and reticularis, but not glomerulosa, but is this HY enough to really write out? I think this can be inferred from the information on where things are synthesized, but if it's super HY, it might help to spell it out specifically. Think about for next year, not added to annotate. -Connie Q source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215264/ | | | | 05/02/17 6:00 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1140 | 323 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Cushing syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12892318 | In the etiology section, the following sentence "Can also present with pseudohyperaldosteronism" should be move to the Findings section. Excess cortisol in Cushing syndrome (regardless of the etiology) can stimulate the mineralocorticoid receptor. | Clarification to current text | Verified | added to annotate. -LL | | NOT errata worthy. | | | 07/01/17 1:17 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1141 | 323 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Cushing syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2088848-overview#showall , https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/82/1/151/2823282/Urinary-Free-Cortisol-and-Cortisone-Determined-by , https://questdiagnostics.com/hcp/intguide/EndoMetab/EndoManual_AtoZ_PDFs/Cortisol_Free_Cortisone.pdf | the association between urine free cortisol and exogenous usage of cortisol must be clarified, its mentioned in step 1 and step 2 Ck that urine free cortisol will be elevated in Cushing syndrome ( due to exogenous corticosteroid ) but in many research, they mentioned the urine free cortisol is suppressed in Cushing patients due to exogenous steroid. Medscape mentioned that cross reactivity can happen depending on assay method. Furthermore, what made me write this suggestion is a question in step 2 Ck questions and answers book the question was about patient using steroid and developed Cushing syndrome, what lab investigation associated with this condition and it’s weird that in the book the answer was free cortisol will be low along with ACTH, my answer was that free cortisol will be high but ACTH will be low, the book explanation was ((( This laboratory profile could fit with the patient described, but exogenous steroids do not reliably cross-react in a urinary cortisol assay, and the urinary cortisol level is more likely to be calculated as depressed than elevated. ))) | Clarification to current text | Verified | certainly interesting for that step-2CK book question...but...As for step-1 diagnosis and findings of Cushings....a lot has been deleted from our 2017 text...and won't be included in the 2018 edition....because the painstaking details here are just too above the step-1 comprehension level..and we had endocrinology experts chime in on this who suggested this and a unanimous agreement for the 2018 edition that is underway...-LL | Agree with LL -Connie Q | | | | 07/29/17 4:06 AM | Rami | Arabi | romio199354@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1142 | 323 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Cushing syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacologic-use-of-glucocorticoids?source=see_link§ionName=HPA%20axis%20suppression&anchor=H18#H18 | Cortisol level usually should decrease NOT increase in exogenous cushing syndrome as a result of suppression of HPA axis | Major erratum | Verified | you are correct. but this is what our text says already..I believe this submitter has misunderstood the 2017 FA text. -LL | Agree with LL, current text explains this well. -Connie Q | | | | 08/10/17 11:54 AM | Faisal | Alruwaili | falruwai@student.touro.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1143 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | no reference | Secondary Spares the Skin (AND ELECTROLYTES as aldosterone is preserved) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 01/02/17 12:46 PM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1144 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-adrenal-insufficiency-in-adults?source=search_result&search=adrenal+insufficiency&selectedTitle=1~150 | Spelled "insufficiency" rather than "insufciency" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Pretty sure my 2017 FA has this already fixed...because I can-not find what spelling mistake they're talking about...-LL | Did a text search of "insufciency" and couldn't find it either. -Connie Q | | | | 01/04/17 6:46 AM | Annie | Abraham | annieabraham5@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1145 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperaldosteronism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1681639/ | Aldosterone escape mechanism is mentioned under "Hyperaldosteronism" above primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism suggesting that it refers to both. However, aldosterone escape only functions in primary hyperaldosteronism and not in secondary. This is demonstrated by the presence of edema in secondary hyperaldosteronism (mentioned in the text). Probably "aldosterone escape" should just be moved down to "primary hyperaldosteronism" | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. -SM | Agreed, the Nature article states this nicely as well - LL http://www.nature.com/nrneph/journal/v6/n2/full/nrneph.2009.228.html | Firstly, it is important to note that this is referring to one of two definitions of aldosterone escape, wherein changes in renal sodium processing (such as decrease proximal reuptake and boosted distal sodium delivery) override the aldosterone-mediated boost in sodium reuptake, which prevents sodium overload and thus edema. It is not reflecting the second definition sometimes used, were the circulatory defects caused by states such as heart failure and cirrhosis cause aldosterone to be released to an extent that is refractory to interventions such as ACEi's or ARBs. To that end, we are simply unclear. Some secondary causes of hyperaldosteronism (eg, a renin-producing tumor) do in fact still have aldosterone escape. Where it gets confusing is when an edematous state such as heart failure or cirrhosis is the cause. In these conditions, in addition to promoting aldosterone release (secondary), there is florid impairment of the aldosterone escape mechanism from pathology such as impaired sodium delivery to the kidney. Thus, you have edema developing. In such cases, we are saying that edema causes secondary hyperaldosteronism, yet hyperaldosteronism has no edema. obviously a confusing sentiment! I would CLARIFY this by rewriting "No edema due to aldosterone escape mechanism." to something along the lines of "Hyperaldosteronism does not directly cause edema due to aldosterone escape mechanism. However, certain secondary causes (eg, heart failure) also impair the aldosterone escape mechanism, leading to edema." It may also be worthwhile to consider if "edema" should be listed as a secondary cause. That might be a bit of an oversimplification. It's more of the circulatory dysfunction caused by the disorders the leads to both hyperaldosteronism (secondary) and edema. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Melanie Schorr | I recommend clarifying slightly as follows: "Primary hyperaldosteronism does not directly cause edema due to aldosterone escape mechanism. However, certain secondary causes of hyperaldosteronism (eg, heart failure) impair the aldosterone escape mechanism, leading to edema." I added the word "primary" to the first sentence and removed the word "also" from the second sentence because I wanted to highlight the difference between primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. | | In column 2, replace "No edema due to aldosterone escape mechanism" with “Primary hyperaldosteronism does not directly cause edema due to aldosterone escape mechanism. However, certain 2° causes of hyperaldosteronism (eg, heart failure) impair the aldosterone escape mechanism, leading to edema." | | 10 | | 01/11/17 9:54 PM | Mikhail | Rassokhin | medchel@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1146 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | FA 2017 pg 324 | Consider including this table rather than the text..easier to read and understand. Check attached pic | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. -LL | Agree to reject. -RG | No interest from the authors, and I am similarly not inspired by this. Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 5:54 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1147 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830218/ | Orphan Annie wants a Papi ("Papa") - Papillary Thyroid Cancer | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/14/17 4:36 PM | Michael | Hall | michaelrhall23@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1148 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | N/A | "Orphan Annie doesn't have a papa" for remembering that "Orphan Annie" eyes on histology are associated with papillary carcinoma | Mnemonic | Verified | Combined this suggestion with the one farther below. Please see the entry there. -Brian B | | | | 02/22/17 3:42 PM | Brandon | Peine | bpeine@medicine.tamhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1149 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/metyrapone-stimulation-tests | The fact discusses the metyrapone stimulation test for identifying etiology of adrenal insufficiency (central vs adrenal). The text states, “Alternatively, can use metyrapone stimulation test: metyrapone blocks last step of cortisol synthesis (11-deoxycortisol -> cortisol). Normally response is decreased cortisol and compensatory increased ACTH. In Adrenal insufficiency, ACTH remain decreased after test.” The last part is incorrect, in adrenal insufficiency ACTH shows compensatory increase while 11-deoxycortisol remains low. | Major erratum | Verified | agree, but text looks like its been fixed already in FA 2017. -LL | irrelevant. Text already corrected this. -Brian B | Already fixed per authors, no change needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/28/17 10:51 PM | Cody | Couperus | Cody.Couperus@med.uvm.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1150 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperaldosteronism | http://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/secondary-hyperaldosteronism/ | Secondary hyperaldosteronism seen in patients with renovascular hypotension and not hypertension. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. The errata reference does not even say "renovascular hypotension"...reference does however mention "heart failure...which is in our FA 2017 already...as the poor heart function does not get enough blood to kidneys (i.e..kidneys sensing hypotension..and putting aldosterone axis into overdrive) ...FA 2017 text is good as it is. -LL | Reject. This is not correct and the text already does a very good job explaining. -Brian B | Per authors, there is no erratum here requiring adjustment, we already have the correct terms for secondary hyperaldosteronism. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/19/17 9:30 AM | Luca | Debs | lucadebs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1151 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-secondary-and-tertiary-adrenal-insufficiency-in-adults | **Seen in patients with chronic exogenous steroid use, precipitated by abrupt withdrawal.** can be re-written as " Seen in patients with chronic exogenous steroid use due to decrease hypothalamic CRH synthesis and secretion, precipitated by abrupt withdrawal." Note that, there is the addition of "due to decrease hypothalamic CRH synthesis and secretion" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, I feel like this is too intuitive to include, but happy to reconsider if others feel like this is helpful! -Connie Q | | | | 05/02/17 5:48 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1152 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | https://www.elsevier.com/books/robbins-basic-pathology/kumar/978-0-323-35317-5 | Primary Adrenal Insufficiency causes mucosal hyper pigmentation (due to ACTH binding melanocytes) | Major erratum | Duplicate | already done. -LL | | | | 05/05/17 7:25 PM | Louis | Baeseman | lbaesema@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1153 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperaldosteronism | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.ezproxy.med.ucf.edu/content.aspx?sectionid=60777928&bookid=1069&jumpsectionID=68449074&Resultclick=2#1104504491 | The book states that secondary hyperaldosteronism may be due to renovascular hypertension, but it is actually due to hypoperfusion. Hypoperfusion results in activation of Renin-Angiotensin axis and an aberrant increase in aldosterone production. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/10/17 11:48 AM | Garrett | Stoltzfus | gstoltzfus@knights.ucf.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1154 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-adrenal-insufficiency-in-adults | Next to acute primary adrenal insufficiency, write with blue font "aka adrenal crisis". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Probably not necessary, it's intuitive (crises are primary), plus the explanation talks about adrenal crisis specifically too! -Connie Q | | | | 07/02/17 6:00 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1155 | 324 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | n/a | ADDISON disease, the name tells you what the causes are. Anti fungal (ketoconazole), Dna inhibitor (rifampin), Decreased 02 (hemorrhage), Infarction/Infection (TB), Sarcoidosis, Oncotic (metastasis), Neisseria meningitis | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/16/17 2:47 PM | KARANBIR | SINGH | karansingh_21@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1156 | 325 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Neuroblastoma | not needed | Highlight/bold the letter N's in the following description for Neuroblastoma: Neural crest cells, Normotensive (since they're less likely to develop hypertension), N-myc oncogene, NSE+. Also, to help remember the markers Bombesin and NSE+, you can relate Neuro"blast"oma to a "Bomb"esin. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 03/01/17 6:46 PM | Benjamin Rojas | Soosiah | r.soosiah@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1157 | 325 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Neuroblastoma | Not Needed | NEUROBlastoma - N: NSE+, N-myc overexpression; E: Early <4 years old; U: Urine has increased HVA, MVA; R: Rosettes; O: Over-midline, Opsoclonus/Myoclonus; B: Bombesin + | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 04/18/17 3:14 PM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1158 | 325 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Neuroblastoma | http://misc.medscape.com/pi/iphone/medscapeapp/html/A439263-business.html | Please mention this fact " A neuritic process called neuropil is pathognomonic". | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Neuropils can also be found in Alzheimer's and prion diseases Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diseases-of-the-central-nervous-system-caused-by-prions?source=search_result&search=neuropil&selectedTitle=1~12 -Connie Q | | | | 05/02/17 5:39 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1159 | 325 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Neuroblastoma | n/a | NeUROBLaSTOMA (N: NSE +/ N-myc / NCC. U: Unilateral. RO: ROsettes (homer wright). / B: Bombesin +. / L: Less likely to have HTN. / S: Smooth. / t: looks like a cross (t) --> CROSS midline. / OM: Opsoclonus Myoclonus. A: APUD tumor | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | 06/13/17 5:02 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1160 | 325 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Neuroblastoma | n/a | NeuROBLasTOMA (N: NSE +/ N-myc / NCC. RO: ROsettes (homer wright). / B: Bombesin +. / L: Less HTN. / t: looks like a cross (t) --> CROSS midline. / OM: Opsoclonus Myoclonus. A: APUD tumor | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/05/17 4:28 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1161 | 325 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Neuroblastoma | Robbins Basic Pathology, 10e (Robbins Pathology) 10th Edition page 287 bottom right | Currently states neuroblastoma is associated with overexpression of N-myc when it is actually amplificiation of N-myc | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/10/17 8:40 PM | Justin | Martin-Whitlock | jmwhitlock1@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1162 | 326 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Pheochromocytoma | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2089620-overview | Under the 'Findings' heading, the text currently says "increased catecholamines and metanephrines in urine and plasma." The correction is that the major diagnostic finding in a 24-hour urine sample of those with pheochromocytomas will be Vanillylmandelic Acid. Increased catecholamines will also be found in urine but in smaller amounts compared to VMA. For clarification, consider rephrasing the whole sentence to "increased serum metanephrines and catecholamines, increased urine metanephrines and vanillylmandelic acid." | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Accept the rephrasing. -SM | Agree with Matts clarification using up arrows. -LL | Agree. But there are actually several different breakdown products, including metanephrine, normetanephrine, homovanillic acid, and vanillylmandelic acid, that can be detected as being elevated in urine and/or plasma. So we're not really wrong (errata). Rather, we're just incomplete. Metanephrine, while commonly used, is only one of the things that may be found elevated. My thought? Simplify and CLARIFY by rewriting "[up arrow] catecholamines and metanephrines in urine and plasma." to "[up arrow] catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites (eg, metanephrine) in urine and plasma." -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Melanie Schorr | I agree. I would just make the word "metanephrines" plural. | | Under the Findings row, please replace "↑catecholamines and metanephrines in urine and plasma." with: "↑catecholamines and catecholamine metabolites (eg, metanephrines) in urine and plasma." | | 5 | | 02/06/17 12:26 PM | Elizabeth | Benge | ebenge@sgu.edu | | | |||||||
| 1163 | 326 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Pheochromocytoma | First Aid 2017 | Treatment: α-blockade must be achieved before giving β-blockers - A before B in alphabet | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. make the "alpha" in "alpha-blockade" and "beta" in "beta-blockers" red along with the "A" and "B" in "A before B in the alphabet" red | | | | 05/07/17 2:08 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1164 | 326 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Pheochromocytoma | Not needed. | Alpha blockade must be achieved before giving beta-blockers to avoid hypertensive crisis - "A's before B's" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/03/17 2:06 AM | christopher | kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1165 | 327 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Causes of goiter | no reference | causes of nodular goiter: the 4 T's : Toxic nodular goiter, Thyroid adenoma, Thyroid cancer, Thyroid cyst | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 01/02/17 1:28 PM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1166 | 327 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Causes of goiter | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851014/ | Long standing Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT) causes shrinking and atrophy of the thyroid, but may also lead to diffuse enlargement of the gland and/or formation of nodules. | Minor erratum | Verified | Text is fine as is by saying "moderately enlarged" I think. I think the key thing is that it's nontender, as stated in the text. -Connie Q | | | | 08/27/17 6:02 AM | Sina | Nazemi | sina.nazemy@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1167 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | Pathoma lecture videos | Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain) DOES NOT progress to hypothyroidism | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. The text is perfect as it is. I have provided a couple references that indicate transient hypERthyroidism is found in patients for ~6 weeks -----> which is followed by transient hypOthyroidism.......in one study 160 follow-up patients with de Quervain's 15% developed permanent hypOthyroidism. -LL...................... 1.) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/subacute-thyroiditis?source=search_result&search=subacute%20granulomatous%20thyroiditis&selectedTitle=1~17 2.) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/125648-overview | As LL pointed out, the text does a pretty good job. However, for clarification purposes I think the text should read "May be hyperthyroid early in course, followed by hypothyroidism (permanent ~15% of the time.) This percentage is noted on uptodate - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/subacute-thyroiditis?source=search_result&search=subacute%20granulomatous%20thyroiditis&selectedTitle=1~17#H990861 -Brian B | Brian's clarification is reasonable, I suppose it is clearer to note that it is not common for the hypothyroidism to be permanent. I agree with rewording to make that more obvious. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | NOT errata worthy. | | | 02/01/17 12:10 AM | Sadaf | Younis | sadaf3219@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1168 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/125648-overview | In Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis, only 10% of cases progress to hypothyroidism. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Reject. a percentage will never be tested on step-1 for how many people develop this complication...they would however ask what is a possible sequelae of de Quervains...which could be hypothyroidism..the text is fine as it is. ....on uptodate.com according to one study of a follow-up of 160 patients with de Quervain's 15% developed permanent hypOthyroidism requiring therapy. -LL................https://www.uptodate.com/contents/subacute-thyroiditis?source=search_result&search=subacute%20granulomatous%20thyroiditis&selectedTitle=1~17 | See above. While I agree with LL, in my oppinion it's worth noting the percentage that stay hypothyroidism (as noted above) as a pure clarification to the student. -Brian B | Duplicate -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/06/17 12:31 PM | Elizabeth | Benge | ebenge@sgu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1169 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ENDOHTML/ENDO018.html | In the 2017 edition of First Aid, Figure A contains a pathological slide form a thyroid gland with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In the corresponding text the character indicating figure A ("lymphoid aggregates with germinal centers") does not match with what is shown in the figure. The figure and Arrow show Hurthle cells, whereas the text indicates that figure A will show lymphoid aggregates with germinal centers | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. the text is clear as it is ....Histologic findings: Hurtle cells, lymphoid aggregates with germinal centers. The letter "A" indicating the histologic findings common in thyroiditis, with the arrow pointing to a Hurthle Cell...I see nothing wrong with the way it is presented in FA 2017. -LL | Reject. Picture and text are clear. -Brian B | Similarly not able to appreciate the flaws with the image necessitating the change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/27/17 8:23 AM | Matthew | Farajzadeh | mattfarajz@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1170 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | According to UpToDate "Approximately 85 percent of permanent cases of congenital hypothyroidism are sporadic (most caused by thyroid dysgenesis)" | In the congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism) section, it would be more sensible to list "thyroid dysgenesis" first in the list of etiologies since it the most common cause in the US. Currently, it is listed third in a series of five causes. Although it is correctly noted in parenthesis, the order could be an easy change to make and fits in line with serial position effect, which works well for other epidemiology-based ordering elsewhere in First Aid. | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | already discussed and worked up in annotate.-LL | | | | 04/27/17 11:52 PM | Natassia | Buckridge | natassia.buckridge@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1171 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/125648-clinical | In Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain), permanent hypothyroidism occurs only in 5-15%.Majority have recovery phase ,characterized by normalization of thyroid structure and function. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Reject, text says permanent in ~15% of cases which is fine -Connie Q | | | | 05/02/17 5:30 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1172 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-detection-of-congenital-hypothyroidism https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903524/ | i think thyroid dysgenesis is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism worldwide , not only in US. So , it has to be " most common cause" only. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | already discussed and worked up in annotate. -LL | | | | 05/06/17 1:58 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1173 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200008103430614 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17551472 http://www.reference.md/files/D050/mD050033.html | Please mention that thyroid dysgenesis includes "thyroid agenesis, ectopy or hypoplasia". Thyroid agenesis is often included under thyroid dysgenesis. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | already discussed and worked up in annotate. -LL | | | | 05/06/17 2:27 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1174 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118651-overview | "Euthyroid Sick Syndrome" is a frequently seen topic in questions and is usually seen as a distractor in many thyroid related questions. So, i think , it is a very high yield topic to include in the FIRST AID book. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | t | | | | 05/09/17 11:04 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1175 | 329 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperthyroidism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-clinical-manifestations-of-hyperthyroidism-in-adults | Change fact name to "Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)". Replace the term thyrotoxicosis with hyperthyroidism wherever it is mentioned in the book. Having two different terms describing the same entity can be confusing. | Clarification to current text | Verified | deny. one can be hyperthyroid without being toxic -LL | | | | 06/20/17 8:31 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1176 | 330 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | none its a mnemonic | Medullary thyroid cancer is the “C Cancer” as: it originates from “C Cells”, secretes “Calcitonin”, and is “Congo red stain positive” | Mnemonic | Verified | Instead of this lets make it "Amy's C in Calc MENt her MED school app might go RED" Make "amy" in amyloid, "C" in "C cells", "calc" in calcitonin, "red" in congo red, and "MEN" in MEN 2A and 2B, and "MED" in medullary red. -Brian B | | | | 03/15/17 12:56 PM | Anas | Sayed Suliman Atassi | anas_atassi@live.ca | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1177 | 330 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/differentiated-thyroid-cancer-radioiodine-treatment | Please add the role of radioactive iodine in the treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary and follicular) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Thyroidectomy is the primary mode of therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients, but radioiodine "is administered after thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer to ablate residual normal thyroid tissue (remnant ablation), provide adjuvant therapy of subclinical micrometastatic disease, and/or provide treatment of clinically apparent residual or metastatic thyroid cancer." I think it's something worth adding, maybe next year? I didn't find it mentioned at all in the chapter. NOT added to annotate, yet. -Connie Q source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/differentiated-thyroid-cancer-overview-of-management?source=search_result&search=thyroid%20cancer&selectedTitle=1~150#H4 | | | | 05/02/17 4:59 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1178 | 330 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | http://khalidalomari.weebly.com/anatomical-steps-of-thyroidectomy.html http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1891109-overview#a3 | During thyroid surgery , while ligating superior laryngeal artery , it is specifically **external branch of superior laryngeal nerve** that is more prone to injury . | Clarification to current text | Verified | Oo should consider adding for next year. Actually both the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal nerve can be damaged. Both are branches of the vagus, but are separate distinct nerves. We mention the recurrent nerve injury, which UTD says happens at a 3.4% rate, but we don't mention the superior laryngeal, which UTD says happens at a 3.7% rate. NOT added to annotate, yet, but I think we should for next year. -Connie Q source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-thyroidectomy?source=machineLearning&search=thyroidectomy%20complications&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H27#H27 | | | | 05/02/17 5:21 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1179 | 330 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118651-overview | (Found on a CBSE exam). Euthyroid Sick Syndrome: abnormal findings on thyroid function tests that occur in the setting of a nonthyroidal illness, without preexisting hypothalamic-pituitary and thyroid gland dysfunction. The most common hormone pattern in sick euthyroid syndrome is a low total and unbound T3 levels with normal T4 and TSH levels | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | already worked up and added to next year. but thank you! -LL | | | | 05/23/17 5:40 PM | Brian | Huang | brianwhuang@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1180 | 330 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/follicular-thyroid-cancer-including-hurthle-cell-cancer | Replace "thyroid capsule" with "tumor capsule" at the paragraph of follicular carcinoma. Invasion of tumor capsule (not thyroid capsule) is used for the distinction of follicular carcinoma from thyroid adenoma. | Minor erratum | Verified | I think this is fine as is, I looked through literature and found both terms used, kind of confusing. Recent Nature paper seems to emphasize a tumor capsule, so leaning towards leaving as is. -Connie Q source: http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v24/n2s/full/modpathol2010133a.html | | | | 06/27/17 4:48 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1181 | 330 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/thyroid-lymphoma | Change "Lymphoma" title with "Primary thyroid lymphoma". Also add "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, usually DLBCL or marginal zone lymphoma" | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think it's fine as is, non-hodgkin etc is covered well in the heme/onc chapter -Connie Q | | | | 06/27/17 5:01 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1182 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diagnosis of parathyroid disease | no reference | below the graph on the x axis, you forgot to write (ca+2) | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate | | | | 01/02/17 11:47 PM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1183 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypoparathyroidism | FA 2017 pg 331 | Mother is wrong once (pseudo), father is wrong twice (pseudopseudo) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 01/12/17 6:18 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1184 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Parathyroid hormone | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/primary-hyperparathyroidism-beyond-the-basics | Graph is missing x- axis label of Ca | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/13/17 1:55 PM | Lexie | Powers | ajp0021@uab.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1185 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diagnosis of parathyroid disease | none needed. | Ca2+ on the table is not printed properly. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Print looks fine. | | | | 03/29/17 1:41 PM | Humza | Saleem | saleemhumza@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1186 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypoparathyroidism | Not Needed | PseudoPseudohypoparathyroidism defect is inherited from PaPa | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject -Brian B | | | | 04/18/17 3:15 PM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1187 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypoparathyroidism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-hypocalcemia-in-infants-and-children | In Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism , please mention the fact that , calcium and PTH levels are normal ( helps to differentiate it from Albright hereditary osteodystrophy) | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | PTH levels are what is looked at. already fixed because PTH levels is normal is in text for 2018. thank you. -LL | | | | 05/02/17 4:24 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1188 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diagnosis of parathyroid disease | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-hypercalcemia | In the diagram, ** excess calcium intake ** is mentioned in the cause of " PTH-independent hypercalcemia". But, a high calcium intake alone is rarely a cause of hypercalcemia, because the initial elevation in serum calcium concentration inhibits both the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and in turn the synthesis of calcitriol. In patients who also have reduced urinary excretion, however, increased intake can cause hypercalcemia. So , my suggestion is to mention ** Milk-alkali syndrome** replacing " excess Ca2+ intake". | Minor erratum | Verified | Technically true, supported by UTD, unrecognized calcium intake in the face of renal insufficiency (as in the milk-alkali syndrome) is a much more likely candidate, but I'm not sure how HY this is. Maybe think about for next year? NOT added to annotate -Connie Q Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnostic-approach-to-hypercalcemia?source=search_result&search=pth%20independent%20hypercalcemia&selectedTitle=1~150 | | | | 05/02/17 4:44 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1189 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diagnosis of parathyroid disease | not needed | In the diagram, please mention "DiGeorge syndrome" in **1° hypoparathyroidism**. It is mentioned on the same page below. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | already fixed.-LL | | | | 05/02/17 4:47 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1190 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Parathyroid hormone | graph | in the graph, Ca2+ is not found on the x-scale | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 05/16/17 6:45 AM | Joy | Badaoui | jsb10@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1191 | 331 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diagnosis of parathyroid disease | http://thehormonelab.com/handbook/calcium-disorders/parathyroid-hormone-pth-and-ionized-calcium-ica | There's no label on the x axis. The y axis says "PTH (pg/mL) and the x axis says "- 2+ mg/dL" I'm assuming it's supposed to be Ca++. | Major erratum | Duplicate | already fixed. -LL | | | | 06/02/17 12:17 PM | Lauren | Benning | lvbenning0325@email.campbell.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1192 | 332 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperparathyroidism | FA 2017 | In paragraph talking about oseitis fibrosa cystica, last line there is an extra bracket after 2. should be (but Also seen with 2 hyperparathyroidism) | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate | | | | 01/18/17 3:26 PM | Ramez Maher | Halaseh | ramezh_93@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1193 | 333 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Laron syndrome (dwarfism) | http://www.webmd.com/children/dwarfism-causes-treatments#1 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/growth-hormone-insensitivity-syndromes https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/laron-syndrome | The term " dwarfism" is very non-specific to be used with " laron syndrome"( There are lots of causes of dwarfism). A better term **Growth hormone receptor mutations** can be used, if necessary. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | on annotate. and worked up. -LL | | | | 05/02/17 2:48 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1194 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Insulin | Not applicable | You can remember that the two long acting insulin preparations are GLArgine and DEtemir by remembering that GLADE brand products have a long lasting scent (or at least they would have you believe so). | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/09/17 4:52 PM | Seth | Martin | smartjav33@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1195 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/contents/diagnosis-of-polyuria-and-diabetes-insipidus?source=search_result&search=water%20deprivation%20test&selectedTitle=1~149 | In the book the fact: "Increased urine osmolality during water deprivation test indicates psychogenic polydipsia," is stated in the SIADH section, but it should be in the diabetes insipidus section. This is due to the fact that increased urine osmolality during water deprivation separates psychogenic polydipsia from diabetes insipidus, not SIADH. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 03/03/17 12:33 AM | Nathan | Nesbitt | nathan.nesbitt@osumc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1196 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | https://books.google.com/books?id=a-Eg0vPb6o4C&lpg=PA67&pg=PA67#v=onepage&q&f=false | The footnote under a says: "no water intake for 2-3 hours followed by hourly measurements of urine volume and osmolarity and plasma Na+ concentration and osmolarity..." All measurements regarding this test are osmolality, not osmolarity. | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree that all measurements are osmoLALity....but I Agree the text on page 334 could be improved by changing one word.......The first sentence of the footnote text could better be written as ......."No water intake for 2-3 hr followed by hurly measurements of urine volume and osmolality and plasma Na+ concentration and osmolarity." ....osmolaLity for urine, and osmolaRity for plasma. -LL | Reject with suggestion, but agree with LL that the text could do something to help make it more obvious to the reader the osmolarity vs osmolality. Instead of putting additional text like LL noted, I think it would be better off just bolding the words "osmolality" and "osmolarity" bringing more attention to these words. -Brian B | I've never seen serum or urine osmolaRity be used clinically, and wonder if these should all be changed to osmolaLity. That is what is used by and large for serum and urine in many tests that I've seen done. Both are similar units, with osmolality being # of solute particles (osmoles) per kilogram, and osmolarity being # of solute particles (osmoles) per liter. The measurements in fact tend to come out similarly. Easiest thing in my book is to be consistent and use osmolality throughout, which is convention. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | NOT errata worthy. | | | 03/03/17 1:41 PM | Thomas | Paterniti | tpaterniti@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1197 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | UWorld question on this topic | New to the 2017 addition, there is a comment under SIADH that talks about psychogenic polydipsia. I think this more correctly belongs in the section on diabetes insipidus and not SIADH. Psychogenic polydipsia is a cause of polyuria and should be included with the diabetes syndromes (DM, DI). | Clarification to current text | Verified | reject. -LL | Reject. This fits better under SIADH as this is a test to help rule out psychogenic polydipsia and therefore should stay where it currently is. -Brian B | It seems reasonable to have it there, since we're mentioning when SIADH is ruled out (and what could be an alternative diagnosis). -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/05/17 12:31 AM | Joshua | Davis | joshua-m-davis@ouhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1198 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042094/#ijcp12713-bib-0041 | **The precise mechanism of action of demeclocycline is unclear** so it is better not to mention as " ADH antagonist" | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | In UTD under mechanism of action of demeclocycline, it says, "inhibits the action of ADH in patients with chronic SIADH" so I think text is fine as is. -Connie Q | | | | 05/02/17 3:30 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1199 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | not needed | **Urine specific gravity < 1.006 , Serum osmolality > 290 mOsm/kg, Hyperosmotic volume contraction** These 3 points are similar to both Central DI and Nephrogenic DI , so it is better to mention it on top rather than keeping it below to make it seem like a difference( it is little confusing at first) | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is already changed in the new version, we implemented it by putting in the middle to signal that the findings are common to both central and nephrogenic -Connie Q | | | | 05/02/17 3:35 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1200 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview#a5 http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-causes-of-central-diabetes-insipidus | The commonest cause of central DI is "idiopathic". So, it is better not to put it at last while listing causes. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think it's fine as is -ConnieQ | | | | 05/02/17 4:01 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1201 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview#a5 | Hereditary nephrogenic DI is relatively rare so it is better to put common causes at the beginning( Hypercalcemia , lithium toxicity etc) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Could consider re-ordering list of causes for next year, not urgent right now -Connie Q | | | | 05/02/17 4:04 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1202 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion | N/A | Increased urine osmolality during water deprivation test indicates psychogenic polydipsia (or a normal response) | Clarification to current text | Verified | "or a normal response" seems a little unnecessary to have to clarify -Connie Q | | | | 05/16/17 11:20 AM | kiratpreet | dhillon | kiratpreetdhillon@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1203 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | Not needed | Add units to the sodium concentration (>145mEq/L) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | YES adding to annotate -Connie Q | | | | 06/18/17 12:32 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1204 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion | no need | A nice mnemonic to memorize SIADH is : "S"odium "I"s "A"lways "D"own "H"ere =>so in SIADH=> low Na in serum=> high Na in Urine /high Urine Osmolarity | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/25/17 5:14 PM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1205 | 335 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | Not needed | to easily remember that SGLT-2 inhibitors (all end in -gliflozin) affect on kidneys and cause Glucosuria: think in this way that they pour GLUcose in urine FLOW so we can name them: -GLUFLOWzin (instead of Gliflozin) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 01/24/17 5:44 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1206 | 335 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Hypopituitarism | http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/53/suppl_3/S233 | Amylin analogs such as Pramlintide are not associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia, unless used in combination with an agent that predisposes to that side effect | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15891954 Agree. -SM | That's why we write: "Hypoglycemia (in setting of mistimed prandial insulin)" So there is no erratum here, no change needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 4:05 PM | Emilio | Fabian | emiliofabian24@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1207 | 335 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypopituitarism | http://pituitary.org/knowledge-base/disorders/hypopituitarism | Predictable loss of hormonal function with increasing damage. Progression from most vulnerable to least vulnerable: Sgt. C ;somatotrophs, gonadotrophs, thyrotrophs, corticotrophs | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 05/07/17 1:32 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1208 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state | n/a | HHNS mentioned but not defined in the abbreviations section. Also, it's not consistent to make the heading "Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state" and use the HHNS abbreviation instead of HHS. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Reject. the text is fine the way it is...... being exposed to different ways of saying the same thing as HHNS and HHS is a good thing.....they are commonly interchanged in Nursing reports, the NCLEX and medical charts, and I can only imagine its helpful for students to see HHNS, and look it up after they see it, and then realize its anther way to abbreviate it. -LL | While I agree with LL, that is the real world. In a text book such as first aid, it makes sense to be more universal on how you label things. I think we should pick one and stick with it. -Brian B | For consistency, I agree, and would change the name on this page to "Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state" such that it matches our fact two pages later. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/24/17 3:29 PM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1209 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | UWORLD, First aid biochemistry section on sorbitol | glaucoma is also caused by osmotic damage due to decreased sorbiol dehydrogenase in the lens | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Reject. the text is fine the way it is. -LL | -Reject. Not needed. -Brian B | Siding with authors here, don't think we need to add this detail about glaucoma. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 6:41 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1210 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | https://www.aace.com/files/dm-guidelines-ccp.pdf | add in diagnosis "symptoms of hyperglycemia and a random (casual, nonfasting) plasma glucose concentration ≥200 mg" | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Reject. the reference from the AACE task force 2015 states confirmation of the HbA1c will then be needed on a different day. -LL | As LL pointed out, the AACE task force wants the HbA1c from a different day. This is not needed. -Brian B | Agree, the average is needed, since a single value could be false from various conflictors. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/14/17 8:01 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1211 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-children-and-adolescents | In acute manifestations, it is not appropriate to include **weight loss**. | Minor erratum | Verified | Actually the UTD link provided (T2DM) says that weight loss can occur in T2DM although to a lesser degree than in T1DM. I verified in UTD that T1DM definitely classically presents with new onset weight loss. So I think it's fine as is to not specify weight loss as a type 1 specific manifestation -Connie Q source:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-in-children-and-adolescents?source=see_link§ionName=CLINICAL%20PRESENTATION&anchor=H7#H7 | | | | 05/03/17 12:30 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1212 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-children-and-adolescents | In acute manifestations,please replace ** hyperosmolar coma ** with " Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state". | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Already on annotate. already fixed. -LL | | | | 05/03/17 12:32 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1213 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768268-workup http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/807277-workup#c7 | In the flow diagram "Insulin deficiency or severe insulin insensitivity" , i believe that , **Hyperventilation/ Kussmaul respiration** does not cause " Loss of water, Na+, and K+" | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already fixed in revised figure! -Connie Q | | | | 05/03/17 12:56 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1214 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | FA 2017 page 558 | In the diagram, thirst is caused by the hypovolemia (angiotensin II), not hyperosmolarity (ADH) | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Many factors will contribute to thirst (including angiotensin II in DM), but changes in plasma osmolarity are the most potent stimulus for thirst. Fine as is -Connie Q Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3718499/ | | | | 06/29/17 8:53 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1215 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | No need of reference | the 4 Ps of diabetes mellitus: Polyuria, Polyphagia, Polydypsia and Plumetting weight | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/24/17 10:39 AM | Christopher | Perez | christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1216 | 336 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-diabetes-mellitus-in-adults | The 4 "P" of diabetes: polyuria, polydypsia,polyphagia, plumetting weight | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/25/17 9:19 AM | Christopher | Perez | christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1217 | 337 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetic ketoacidosis | UWorld, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3180523/ | Intramuscular glucagon can also be given to emergently treat hypoglycemia | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Reject. The protocol is admit to ICU, give fluids/insulin/K+/glucose to prevent hypoglycemia. the text is fine the way it is. -LL | Reject. This is not current protocol, as LL points out. This is also a super LY topic for a step 1 exam. -Brian B | Submission is talking about HYPOglycemia secondary to DKA treatment (eg, if you need to continue giving insulin despite the sugar being normalized), in addition to adding dextrose to your fluids. I've never seen glucagon as part of a DKA protocol, typically increasing the rate of dextrose, D50 pushes, and decreasing the drip rate of insulin is what is done. I googled a few random DKA protocols (they tend to vary between institutions) and none of them mentioned it. For this reason, I am inclined not to add in glucagon. It strikes me as being unlikely to be tested, at least not at the Step 1 level. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/09/17 3:19 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1218 | 337 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117739-overview#a3 | In type 1 DM , β-CELL NUMBERS IN THE ISLETS & SERUM INSULIN LEVEL are shown to decrease by **single arrow** but, the manifestation is seen "after 80-90% of the beta cells are destroyed" . So, i think ,it would be more clear and explanatory if we use 2 to 3 decrease arrow to denote that. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | on annotate. worked up. -LL | | | | 05/03/17 1:16 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1219 | 337 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetic ketoacidosis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118361-overview#a3 | Please mention the fact that " urinary loss of potassium due to osmotic diuresis " is also the reason behind **depletion of total body K+ ** | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | on annotate. -LL | | | | 05/03/17 1:24 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1220 | 337 | Endocrine | | | Neoplasia | Multiple endocrine neoplasias | tabulation | men syndrome better retrieval | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | I'm not sure what this means, can anyone help? -Connie Q | | | | 07/20/17 3:08 AM | dr m ayaz | ayaz | drmayaz@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1221 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Carcinoid syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/282515-overview | Add to mnemonic "1/3 of those in the GIT are in the small intestine" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 01/08/17 12:26 PM | Christina Beatriz Asis | Castro | cbac1990@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1222 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Carcinoid syndrome | not needed | CARCINoiD - C: Cardiac abnormalities; A: Asthma; R: Red in the face; C: Check urine for 5-HIAA; I: Increased Serotonin; N: Niacin deficiency (pellagra); D: Diarrhea (watery) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 04/18/17 3:18 PM | Scarlett | Austin | scarlettau@pcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1223 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Somatostatinoma | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882494, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9691916, http://www.nejm.org.medproxy.hofstra.edu/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1316158#t=articleDiscussion, http://www.jnccn.org/content/13/1/78.long | A somatostatinoma is not treated with somatostatin, the problem is excess somatostatin. I saw that you probably found this fact on uptodate, it is actually wrong! I looked at the sources uptodate cited, both of which i included as links below, and it is used for symptomatic control in neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, but glucagonomas and insulinomas, not somatostatinomas... I found that you can use octreotide to localize a somatostatinoma, but nothing about adding more somatostatin into the mix to control symptoms. Doxorubicin and 5-FU are used as chemotherapy for the tumor, but nothing about somatostatin anywhere except for uptodate and I looked at uptodates citations and they were not discussing somatostatin for a somatostatinoma. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject, the text is fine as it is. My 1st reference: "Octreotide therapy (0.5 mg/day subcutaneously) was effective in decreasing plasma levels of somatostatin in all three patients"...other studies that showed no benefit from Octreotide therapy for symptomatic control which suggested the tumor may be producing a different subtype of somatostatin.....unfortunately low # of studies because of how incredibly rare this tumor is....most publications are case reports........................................as for the drugs suggested in the errata comment ...5-fluorouracil and Doxorubicin ....= too detailed for students taking step-1 and therefore extremely low yield to be tested as chemotherapy for this type of tumor. ........The FA 2017 text clearly states Octreotide is used for symptomatic control which is true..it is for symptomatic control of diarrhea................-LL................https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797949/#B15 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9691916 | Reject. Due to lack of quality studies, its hard to say for sure that Octreotide is a good therapy. However, as noted from LL articles, it appears that in some cases the drug has been helpful. I also agree that adding 5-FU and doxorubicin to the text is WAY overkill in this case for a step 1 exam. 95% of any question regarding this will be related to diagnosing it form a set of symptoms, while having nothing to do with the treatment. -Brian B | Ironically, the student's own references actually support somatostatin being used as therapy for somatostatinomas. But the authors are right in that this is a very uncommon tumor, and thus there is not robust evidence for how to treat them. I think we are fine leaving the book as is, and certainly not mentioning such specific chemotherapy regimens which I suspect are well beyond the scope of the exam. Agree that the most likely testing strategy will be diagnosis. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/20/17 4:51 PM | Josephine | Coury | jcoury1@pride.hofstra.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1224 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Carcinoid syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-of-the-carcinoid-syndrome https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11225515 | I think it would be helpful for students to understand why symptoms of carcinoid tumors which are not limited to the GI tract affects only the right heart (causing tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonic stenosis). It is accepted that the mechanism limiting the disease to the right heart is due to the presence of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) in the lungs, leading to the degradation of serotonin (5-HT) and its inability to have the same valvular effects on the left heart (mitral valve). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. I think the text should read "Results in recurrent diarrhea, cutaneous flushing, asthmatic wheezing, right-sided valvular heart disease (tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonic stenosis due to MAO-A presence in the lungs.) This gives a clarification to the current text and does not add much in terms of text. Sources linked are also good and point to this fact as well. -Brian B | Agree. Sources are good, and this gives a mechanism for right heart only injury. Otherwise, students might just assume it is because the serotonin enters through the right heart. - RG | I like this, I did not know this mechanism and have to say it does add a nice level of clarity to this fact (why no left-sided disease?) I am in support of us adding this in to the fact. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/25/17 5:18 PM | Shiv U. | Patel | shivpatel93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1225 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1914705-overview | Please replace " eventual onset of HHNS" with ** eventual onset of HHS**. Please remove 'N' | Minor erratum | Duplicate | on annotate. -LL | | | | 05/03/17 1:00 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1226 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Glucagonoma | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucagonoma-and-the-glucagonoma-syndrome | Please add some more Ds. DIARRHEA and DEFECTIVE erythropoiesis / Anemia of chronic DISEASE in the clinical features of glucagonoma. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Diarrhea should definitely be added next year, it's the most common GI manifestation, and is present in ~30% of glucagonoma patients. Fits well with the "D" mnemonic. Not sure the other ones are HY enough. NOT added to annotate but let's consider for next year! -Connie Q source:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucagonoma-and-the-glucagonoma-syndrome?source=machineLearning&search=glucagonoma&selectedTitle=1~24§ionRank=1&anchor=H4#H4 | | | | 05/09/17 11:11 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1227 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease#Signs_and_symptoms + Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9e | Duodenal uclers cause night pain (relieve after meal) Gastric uclers cause postprandial pain (1-3 h after meal) | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | This is covered well in GI, I don't think it's important enough to add under Z-E syndrome -Connie Q | | | | 05/23/17 5:26 PM | Lukasz | Pawelek | mas22luks@yahoo.pl | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1228 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2680438 | Please spell out HHNS as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome or, better yet, add HHNS to section IV abbreviations and symbols | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | worked up already. -LL | | | | 05/26/17 12:55 PM | Micah | Richardson | mrr96@drexel.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1229 | 338 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Glucagonoma | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/118899-overview | The 7 Ds of Glucagonoma : Diabetes , DVT , Depreesion , Decreased weight , anemia of chronic Disease , Diarrhea and Dermatits ( Necrolytic migratory erythema ) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/28/17 1:52 PM | Rami | Arabi | romio199354@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1230 | 339 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Multiple endocrine neoplasias | FIrst Aid | MEN1 mutation in Men1n gene on chromosome 11, menin and eleven also kind-of rhyme. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. I want to like this, but I don't see an easy way to put it into the text without adding too much information. -Brian B | | | | 03/16/17 11:44 AM | Brian | Frodey | bfrodey1@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1231 | 339 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Multiple endocrine neoplasias | http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome | Under MEN1, "Pancreatic endocrine tumors," the text would be more clear if it stated that the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with MEN1 is due to a gastrinoma. Ex. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) | Clarification to current text | Verified | ZE is caused by a gastrinoma regardless whether it is occurring on its own or as part of MEN1 -Connie Q Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/zollinger-ellison-syndrome-gastrinoma-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=zollinger%20ellison%20syndrome%20men1&selectedTitle=3~150 | | | | 05/11/17 5:46 PM | Derin | Allard | derindallard@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1232 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Insulin | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172166-overview | Insulin preparations are classified as rapid acting , short acting , intermediate acting and long acting. However, it is important to note their onset time, peak duration and total duration . A figure explaining exact time duration along with text would be helpful.A sample diagram is included. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. I like the chart, everyone in medicine I'm sure has used this chart as a visual reference at one time or another...but I'm not sure what it provides for students besides a visual reference and the estimated time/duration each insulin preparation lasts....The FA 2017 does indicate which is rapid, short, intermediate and long acting...I honestly feel the chart in FA 2017 is more then sufficient for understanding this concept. -LL | Consider addition. The chart is a commonly tested topic on uworld and usmle. While first aid does a good job with saying how long they last, adding a small illustration shouldn't take too much space and reinforces this concept. Its not the most HY addition, but it should be considered for the illustration team. -Brian B | I suspect that such a level of detail is beyond the scope of the exam, but it is certainly not unreasonable to port this over to Annotate for consideration by the crowd if there is disagreement. We can add to Annotate and go from there. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/28/16 7:37 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1233 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | My right hemisphere | Here's a mnemonic to help everyone memorize the endless classes of drugs for treating diabetes Always Bring My Glucose Down, Small Tummy, Small Appetite = Amylin analogs, Biguanides, Miglitinide, GLP1 analogs, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, Thiazolidinediones, Sulfonylureas, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 01/08/17 1:00 PM | Abdallah | Malas | abdallahmalas@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1234 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Insulin | Not needed | Rapid insulins do not LAG (Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I thought this was already in the book! Make the "L" in Lispro, "A" in Aspart, "G" in glulisine all red along with LAG being red-Brian B | | | | 01/10/17 5:38 PM | Kevin | Lui | luike@upstate.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1235 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/861708 | Metformin safe for some Patients With Renal Problems | Minor erratum | Verified | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/861708 Sounds good to me. -SM | 100% agree with Matt, the knowledge needed for Step-1 is that it should be used with caution or there is concern for patients with renal issues. And i remember learning this on the wards at a noon-conference presented by a pharmacy intern. -LL | I would probably redub this a clarification as opposed to errata. Very, very recently, the ability to use metformin in patients with certain degrees of renal insufficiency was approved, and the GFR cutoff decreased even further for absolute contraindication. Thus, it is now okay to use metformin in even more patients with renal insufficiency than it was previously. There are more studies in the works on this too, as metformin's scope increases. I would clarify by rewriting "(thus contraindicated in renal insufficiency)." to "(thus use with caution in renal insufficiency)." At the Step 1 level, just knowing that it needs to be used cautiously or not at all with renal insufficiency is likely adequate. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Melanie Schorr | I agree. | | Under the Biguanides (metformin) row, replace ""(thus contraindicated in renal insufficiency)." with "(thus use with caution in renal insufficiency)." | | 10 | | 01/18/17 11:35 PM | Saurabh | Pandit | buttercupwarriors89@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1236 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | not needed | For the oral glucose drugs, arrange them in order of MOA: List Metformin is fine going first, then sulfonylurea and megltinides after each other in the chart since both act on the K+ channel. Then put the GLP-1 analogues and DDP-4 inhibitors next as both are glucose dependent and act with GLP-1; after that put the Glitazones/TZD's w/ amylin analogs, SGLT2 inhibitors, and a-glucosidase inhibitors that are all acting on peripheral tissues in some way. This makes learning MOA more intuitive instead of hopping around between pages for drugs that share a similar MOA. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | 100% agree. I felt the same way about this section when i was studying for step-1...the chart could easily be arranged that way since pharmacology questions often test MOA. The suggested flow i agree with...((Biguanides ---- Sulfonylureas ---- Meglitinides ------ GLP1 analogs ---- DDP4 inhibitors ---- Glitazones/TZDs ---- Amylin analogs ---- SGLT2 inhibitors ---- a-glucosidase inhibitors))..............-LL | Accept. The table has always needed a restructure. I agree that the best way to go about this is with MOA. The way the student who submitted this went about it sounds really good and should help students. -Brian B | All of these suggestions seem quite reasonable. This would very likely make the table much clearer and easier to follow, and based on more common drugs being first. Approved. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/20/17 10:51 AM | Hollis | Johanson | hollisjohanson@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1237 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Neoplasia | Thyroid cancer | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/851968-overview#a1 | Orphan Annie wants a Papi (papillary Cancer) and a Moma (Psammoma body) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. But change to read "Orphan Annie wants a PAPa (PAPillary carcinoma) and a MOMA (psamMOMA bodies)" Make the "PAPa", "PAP", "MOMA" and "MOMA in psamMOMA" red. -Brian B | | | | 02/16/17 7:57 AM | Christian | Smith | sme911@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1238 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | Personal Mnemonic | Mnemonic for the short-acting insulins: all sound like amino acids- lisPRO (proline), Aspart (aspartate), glulisine (lysine). | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 03/22/17 6:57 PM | Brett | Doliner | bubbah991@aim.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1239 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | http://www.diabetesnet.com/about-diabetes/diabetes-medications/sulfonylureas | Glimepiride is a 3nd generation sulfonylureas, not a 2nd generation | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject. Glimepiride is a second generation sulfonylurea according to uptodate, http://www.jdcjournal.com/article/S1056-8727(04)00078-9/abstract, and even wikipedia. ((on the internet it is mentioned that in some texts...glimipiride may also be referred to as the first-third generation sulfonylurea..but this has not been universally accepted yet obviously))...the text is fine the way it is...-LL | Reject, as noted on uptodate Glimeperide is a second generation sulfonylurea. I would trust uptodate for the most "up to date" classifications currently used. Regardless, this nit picky detail is extremely LY and can be looked at again in the future if things should change. Until then - disregard. -Brian B | Authors are correct, it is a second generation. No change. Although some people do call it the "first of the third generation sulfonylureas", it is not incorrect to call it second generation. I would thus leave it as is. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/28/17 1:44 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1240 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus | https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/451/flashcards/929451/png/figure7h1321317629518.png | An image comparing the different types of insulin would be really helpful. Also note that Regular and NPH are the only human recombinant insulin that does not have amino acid modification | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Reject. Someone else suggested the same thing in submission box #36. -LL | Please see other box on this topic. This is a duplicate entry. I do think its worth considering a table to help students better visualize this information. The diabetes drugs are some of the harder drugs for most students to fully understand in my experience. -Brian B | Duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 5:54 PM | Hallene | Guo | hallene.guo@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1241 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Somatostatinoma | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182841-treatment | Somatostatinoma is not treated with somatostatin analogs, but with exogenous hormones that were being inhibited (insulin) | Major erratum | Duplicate | Reject. This is the second proposed errata regarding this text, and according to my sources, octreotide is used for symptomatic therapy in this disease. -LL | Reject. This is a duplicate entry. See discussion above. -Brian B | Duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 6:29 PM | David E. | Ruckle | druckle@llu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1242 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | Self | Lispro,Aspart,Glulisine all have the letter "S" for Speed (rapid acting) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 04/24/17 6:47 AM | Nissim | Lankry | nissimlankry@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1243 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | DIT copyright. Using their graph as an example. | Add insulin action graph because sometimes instead of asking the name of the drug, uWorld is asking you to identify it based on the line that represents it's action mechanism. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | on annotate. | | | | 05/09/17 12:40 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1244 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Insulin | First Aid p340 | mnemonic for rapid acting insulins: rapid acting insulins don't LAG - Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine | Mnemonic | Duplicate | Reject. See above. -Brian B | | | | 05/26/17 6:51 PM | Robert | Pedersen | robertpedersen@creighton.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1245 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Insulin | FA p. 340 | To remember Glargine and Detemir are the long acting insulins, remember they "Go the Distance!" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Please make the G and D in Glargine and Detemir red. Also make the "G" in Go and the "D" in "Distance" red. -Brian B | | | | 05/30/17 8:11 PM | Timothy | Sherry | timrsherry@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1246 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus | https://secure.medicalletter.org/TG-article-139a | Glitazones/Thiazolidinediones: Restrictions placed on rosiglitazone in 2010 because of concerns about its cardiovascular safety have been lifted (p.15 vol 59) | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | I can't find a mention on restrictions placed on rosiglitazone in the current or older passes, and I don't think this is HY enough to mention as a new fact -Connie Q | | | | 08/01/17 12:10 PM | Joy | Badaoui | jsb10@mail.aub.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1247 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | no reference | AMyLIN analogs: prAMLINtide (or pronounce prAMYLINtide) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | reject. -Brian B | | | | 01/03/17 3:10 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1248 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4801817/ | It states that SGLT-2 Inhibitors cause hyperkalemia but there is no evidence of this, and if anything they cause hypokalemia due to volume depletion activation of RAAS. | Minor erratum | Verified | Package insert information states that hyperkalemia is a possibility especially with patients who have decreased renal function and are taking ACE/ARBs (https://www.invokanahcp.com/mechanism-of-action), so I would leave as is. - Angela | They absolutely cause hyperkalemia. I've seen it a few times clinically already in fact. Thus, no change needed. In fact, the student's own link supports this with careful reading! It simply talks about dapagliflozin being less associated with hyperkalemia (and in a few rare cases, hypokalemia). But generally speaking, HYPERkalemia is the assoicated electrolyte anomaly that is HY to know. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 3:59 PM | Jackson | Goldberg | jackson.goldberg5@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1249 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | N/A | SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliFLOZIN, dapagliFLOZIN, empagliFLOZIN) keep the glucose FLOZIN (flowin') through the kidney (these drugs block renal reabsorption of glucose). Alternatively, can substitute a "w" for the "z" in the drug names (i.e., canagliFLOWIN). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. make the "flozin" in each drug red. Add "keeps the glucose FLOZIN (flowing) through the kidney (stops reabsorption). Make the FLOZIN above red as well. -Brian B | | | | 03/05/17 6:58 AM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1250 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Thioamides | not needed | In clinical use,**PTU used in first trimester of pregnancy (due to methimazole teratogenicity)** can be re-written as "PTU used in first trimester of pregnancy [due to methimazole teratogenicity(can cause aplasia cutis)]. Then , in adverse effect , the line **Methimazole is a possible teratogen (can cause aplasia cutis)** can be removed. | Clarification to current text | Verified | If we need to save a line of text, I think this is a reasonable change to make. If not, I think it's fine as is. We can think about it next year if we need to move things up a line! -Connie Q | | | | 05/03/17 1:52 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1251 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus?source=search_result&search=canagliflozin&selectedTitle=4~17 | SGLT2 inhibitors (CanagliFLOzin, etc) cause glucose to FLO out of your kidneys. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/13/17 4:08 AM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1252 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | n/a | GLP-1 analogs: side effects: GLP: G: Gastric symptoms (nausea, vomiting). / L: Loss of weight (weight Loss). / P: Pancreatitis. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/13/17 5:09 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1253 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | n/a | SGLT-2 inhibitors: canagliFLOZIN, dapagliFLOZIN, empagliFLOZIN. Sugar (Glucose) FLOWS-IN urine | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/13/17 5:15 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1254 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus?source=search_result&search=SGLT2%20Inhibitors&selectedTitle=1~44 | SGLT2 inhibitors (canaGLiFLOzin, dapaGLifFLOzin, empaGLiFLOzin) cause GLucose to FLO in the urine. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/25/17 9:48 PM | Trisha | Bhat | trishabhat@wustl.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1255 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/ddavp-stimate-desmopressin-342819 | please add "Hemophilia A " under desmopressin acetate | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I vote this be deferred to asking an expert..my gut says this has been discussed at length and a reason exists why it is not listed here on pg 342, because after reading in its entirety this..........https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hemophilia-a-and-b-routine-management-including-prophylaxis?source=see_link ........................and this..................https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-von-willebrand-syndrome?source=machineLearning&search=desmopressin%20acetate&selectedTitle=7~100§ionRank=1&anchor=H222500770#H222500770 ................which are the uptodate.com links on Hemophilia A and DDAVP respectively.....i still can't decide if I would put Hemophilia A on page 342....but of sufficient note...desmopressin is listed as being used for Hemophilia A in the Heme/Onc section on pg 404....in combination with factor VIII concentrate......-LL | I agree with expert consult. It's my understanding that while ddavp can be used for hemophilia A, it's by far not the best method currently used. I think a consensus needs to be made to either put it on page 342 or to remove it from pg 404 based on expert advice. -Brian B | Not unreasonable to have an expert chime in, will flag for such. But DDAVP can be used for hemophilia A due to the increased release of factor VIII (assuming there is a quantitative defect). -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | | | 5 | | 01/02/17 2:04 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1256 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Fludrocortisone | None | The text states that an adverse effect of fludrocortisone is hyperpigmentation. This is one of the symptoms of, for example, primary adrenal insufficency due to loss of glucocorticoid negative feedback. I have found no evidence to support that administration of a synthetic aldosterone analog would precipitate this sort of side effect. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Reject. according to the product information sheet for the drug "Product Information. Florinef Acetate (fludrocortisone)." Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.....hyperpigmentation of the skin and nails is seen...and on uptodate.com under dermatologic adverse reactions it is listed. -LL..........https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=3265https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fludrocortisone-drug-information?source=search_result&search=fludrocortisone&selectedTitle=1~59 | Reject, according to uptodate this is a drug reaction hat can be seen. -Brian B | Seems to be listed on many references for this drug, I agree with the authors, and would not remove this side effect. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/23/17 12:38 PM | Taylor | Maney | TLManey@aol.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1257 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Cinacalcet | Not needed | The mechanism of the drug can be remembered by stressing the "ca" in "cinaCAlcet" (sensitizes CAlcium-sensing receptor). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the Ca in "cinacalcet" and Ca in "Calcium" red. -Brian B | | | | 02/23/17 1:13 PM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1258 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs | n/a | coniVAptAN and tolVAptAN are VAsopressin ANtagonists | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 02/24/17 7:19 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1259 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20926941 | Conivaptan is a nonselective V1A/V2 receptor antagonist, while tolvaptan is a V2-selective antagonist | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | reject. the text states both drugs block action of ADH at V2 receptor...which is true, the details of either drug being selective/non-selective type of antagonist is far too detailed for step-1. -LL | Reject. For a step 1 exam you do not needed to go into any further detail than is already in FA17. Agree with LL's comments 100%. -Brian B | Probably low yield, and I am fine rejecting this suggestion as per the authors' feedback. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/09/17 3:07 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1260 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Demeclocycline | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5042094/#ijcp12713-bib-0041 | Please note the fact that , demeclocycline is used in SIADH because it causes nephrogenic DI, so it is the mechanism of action by which the drug acts ( not an adverse effect). ** The precise mechanism of action of demeclocycline is unclear, but has been linked to the induction of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ** | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Reject, nephrogenic DI is not the goal of the drug, but it is a potential adverse effect. It's listed as an adverse effect in UTD. UTD has the mech of action as :inhibits the action of ADH in patients with chronic SIADH" so I think text is fine as is. NIH also says that "Its mechanism of action in SIADH is not well understood, but it appears to block the binding of arginine vasopressin (ADH) to its receptor." -Connie Q source: https://livertox.nih.gov/Demeclocycline.htm | | | | 05/02/17 3:26 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1261 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/synthroid-levoxyl-levothyroxine-342732#5 http://reference.medscape.com/drug/synthroid-levoxyl-levothyroxine-342732#0 | Thyroid hormones are not used or indicated for weight loss. In medscape , use in obesity is rather mentioned as a contraindication. | Major erratum | Duplicate | on annotate. -LL | | | | 05/03/17 1:40 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1262 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/120619-treatment | Please add " radioactive iodine" as it is frequently used , including the treatment of graves disease. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | So I think it might be worth adding radioiodine as a new fact in endocrine pharmacology next year! Not only is this used in Graves', it's also administered after thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Both are important and HY enough to include a short entry for radioiodine! -Connie Q | | | | 05/03/17 1:45 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1263 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/cytomel-triostat-liothyronine-342733#10 https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682462.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205882/ | Please include the term "Liothyronine" also for synthetic form of natural T3 hormone. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | on annotate. -LL | | | | 05/06/17 4:47 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1264 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs | Page 404 of First Aid 2017 edition, Hemophilia Treatment | Please add "Hemophilia A" as an another indication of Desmopressin. Also it is suggestible to add "DDAVP" as the abbreviated form of Desmopressin. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | on annotate. -LL | | | | 07/16/17 8:16 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1265 | 342 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine | mnemonic | LEVOthyroxine (4 letters, T4) [...and LIOthyronine (3 letters, T3)] | Mnemonic | | | | 10/27/17 3:38 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1266 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Tracheoesophageal anomalies | ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/vacterl-association | Add VACTERL association: vertebral anomalies, anorectal malformations, cardiac probs, TEF, Renal disease/absent radius, Limb anomalies | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. I definitely think this is worth mentioning. "May be a part of the VACTERL association Vertebral defects Anal atresia Cardiac defects Tracheo- Esophageal fistula Renal anomalies Limb defects" Highlight "VACTERL" in red and the first letter of each line in red. Rachel K | Sure, as i could see a test question leading someone down the path of diagnosing a TE fistula and the question could be "what other defect might be possibly found on physical exam?"......but this is an [Association] NOT a [syndrome] ...-Lauren L | No need to repeat a mnemonic that is already in another chapter - see Repro 581. Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 7:07 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1267 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Ventral wall defects | Pathology of Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease - Pierre Russo, Eduardo D. Ruchelli, David A. Piccoli - 2nd edition - Page 45 | Omphalocele caused by abnormal development of umbilical ring during week 4 (midgut herniation has NOT OCCURED yet). Congenital umbilical hernia caused by incomplete closure of umbilical ring during week 10 (herniated midgut has RETURNED into the abdomen by this time) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. This source is concise and accurate. I have rewritten the text below incorporating the suggestion from the line below. There is a proposed figure in Annotate which will work nicely with the updated text. Gastroschisis - extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal wall defect (typically right of the umbilicus); not covered by peritoneum or amnion Omphalocele - abnormal development of the umbilical ring -> midline herniation of abdominal contents (covered by peritoneum) into the umbilical cord Congenital umbilical hernia - failure of the umbilical ring to close after physiologic herniation of intestines. Small defects usually close spontaneously. Rachel K | Disagree. I believe the text is fine the way it is. The Omphalocele happens because ............................"the abdominal cavity temporarily becomes too small to accommodate all of its contents, resulting in protrusion of the intestines into the residual extraembryonic coelom at the base of the umbilical cord. This temporary herniation is called physiologic midgut herniation and is sonographically evident the 9th to 11th post menstrual weeks. Reduction of the hernia occurs by the 12th postmenstrual week; thus beyond the 12th week a midgut herniation is no longer physiological. A simple midline omphalocele develops if the extraembryonic gut fails to return to the abdominal cavity and undergo the obligatory 270 degree counterclockwise rotation back into the abdomen..."..https://www.uptodate.com/contents/omphalocele?source=machineLearning&search=omphalocele%20children&selectedTitle=1~38§ionRank=1&anchor=H17814228#H17814228 ...............................................I would vote on something like this.....((Omphalocele - Result of incomplete lateral body wall folding during umbilical ring formation in the 3rd – 4th week which leads to incomplete reduction of the physiologic hernia.)) ---- but this is basically already on the left side side of the page in the ventral wall defects..-Lauren L | Agree to work this up on annotate, lets bring this discussion there. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not going in errata | | | 03/22/17 1:19 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1268 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Ventral wall defects | uworld questions | omphalocele- persistent MIDLINE herniation of abdomincal contents into umbilical cord | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed. Should read in the book "persistent midline herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum" per uptodate "An omphalocele is a midline abdominal wall defect of variable size, covered by a membrane of amnion and peritoneum with Wharton’s jelly between the two layers, and containing abdominal contents. The defect occurs at the base of the umbilical cord, with the cord/umbilical vessels inserting at the apex of the omphalocele sac" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/omphalocele?source=search_result&search=omphalocele&selectedTitle=1~38#H1 -Brian B | Agree with Brian. Incorporated into rewrite, see above. Rachel K | See above, reject this one. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/03/17 12:50 PM | Christer | Blindheim | c.c.blindheim@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1269 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Tracheoesophageal anomalies | uworld | Neonates drool, choke, vomit and cyanosis with first feed | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | point warented. Should read "Neonates drool, choke, and vomit with first feeding that may lead to cyanosis" -Brian B | Disagree. cyanosis already discussed in FA 2017 text is fine the way it is. -Lauren L | Agree, the sentence proposed makes no sense. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/03/17 12:55 PM | Christer | Blindheim | c.c.blindheim@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1270 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Ventral wall defects | First Aid 2017 | Omphalocele: herniation into ombilical (umbilical) cord | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the "Om" of Omphalocele in bold red text and change "umbilical" to "(u)ombilical" and make "om" bold red text. -Rachel K. | Reject.Actually don't like this one. -BB | | | | 05/07/17 12:19 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1271 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Intestinal atresia | N/A | For duodenal atresia, you can highlight all of the "4 D's" in red to help people remember it: Duodenal Atresia = 2 Days, Double-bubble and Down-Syndrome | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add: 4 D's (bold red text) Duodenal atresia Days (appears during first 1-2 days) Double-bubble on x-ray Down syndrome association Each "D" should be bold red text. -Rachel K. | Accept.Agree per Rachel suggestions -BB | | | | 05/11/17 4:23 PM | Jacob | Leroux | jacobkleroux@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1272 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Ventral wall defects | http://medfile.ir/iran%20anatomy%20files/text/Langman's%20Medical%20Embryology%2012th%20Edition%20%28www.irananatomy.ir%29.pdf | failure of lateral fold closure does NOT lead to OMPHALOCELE. It only leads to gastroschisis. [Reference: Langman Medical Embryology 14e- "omphalocele does not arise from a failure in body wall closure"] | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/07/17 10:10 AM | Mohak | Gupta | xmohakgupta@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1273 | 345 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | my own | Associated with macrolives (macrolides) - olives for the palpable olive like mass in the epigastrium | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I remembered the olive part but never remembered macrolide association. After mention of macrolides, add: "(think macro-olives to help remember the olive-shaped epigastric mass)" Put "olive" in bold red text. -Rachel | Reject. I really don't think this is HY enough to warrant the addition - BB | | | | 02/21/17 8:08 AM | Rajbir Singh | Pannu | rajbir_96@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1274 | 345 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Retroperitoneal structures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesentery#/media/File:Gray1038.png | Diagram of retroperitoneal structures is incorrectly illustrated; the correct diagram would be the mirror image of what is currently depicted. The retroperitoneal structures should be anterior, not posterior, to the vertebral column. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/15/17 2:44 PM | Stephanie | Rhee | rheex016@umn.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1275 | 345 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Pancreas and spleen embryology | N/A | Annular pancreas- ventral (add anterior), bold "an" in both, annular and anterior | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Anterior is not a correct anatomical term and this could create some confusion. -Rachel K. | Reject. This is not needed. -Brian B | | | | 05/25/17 11:04 AM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1276 | 346 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Important gastrointestinal ligaments | mnemonic, not new information, just a simple way to reinforce information | Hepatoduodenal ligament contain the portal triad; "He-porto-duodenal" ligament | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This really isn't a mnemonic and I'm not sure what the submission is trying to highlight. -Rachel K. | -Reject. No idea why this is even marked as a mnemonic. -Brian B | | | | 01/23/17 4:22 PM | Daniel | Sherwood | danieljswood@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1277 | 346 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Important gastrointestinal ligaments | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/hepatogastric-ligament-1 | Gastrohepatic ligament also contains gastric vein not only arteries. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Consider putting "gastric vessels" instead.... The errata reference states "left gastric artery and left gastric vein" .... but my reference below states that within the Gastrohepatic ligament are the "left gastric vessels and left gastric lymph nodes"....this fact is unlikely to be tested but for completeness "gastric vessels" would suffice. -LL .............................http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.273065085 | Agree with LL. Unlikely to be tested, but changing the text to "gastric arteries and vein" is clearer and should be used instead of "Gastric vessels," as this may lead to some confusion to exactly which to some readers. -Brian B | Agree to change to "Gastric vessels." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not going in errata | | | 04/19/17 4:00 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1278 | 346 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Important gastrointestinal ligaments | N/A | I believe that this section needs an additional picture to illustrate the greater and lesser sacs. An anterior view of the abdominal cavity would be helpful. The foramen of Winslow could be depicted. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:18 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1279 | 346 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Important gastrointestinal ligaments | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1895599-overview | When mentioning the Pringle maneuver, the text states that the procedure is used to control bleeding but it does not include its anatomical or diagnostic implication. To complete the concept, it should be included that the Pringle maneuver is done to control and evaluate liver hemorrhage: if bleeding continues after performing the procedure, the IVC or hepatic veins are likely damaged. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/25/17 10:03 PM | Lee | Seifer | lseif002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1280 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract histology | Not Applicable | For Ileum histology: when you're ill (ileum) you have a lot of mucus (largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine) and pray (peyer patches) to get better | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Let's remove the line about goblet cells and replace with this: "When you're ill (ileum) you have a lot of mucus (largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine) and pray (Peyer patches) to get better." -Rachel K. | Accept with Rachel's suggestion. -Brian B | | | | 03/07/17 11:15 PM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1281 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract anatomy | N/A | To remember the frequencies of basal electric rhythm, write it as 3tomach, 12uodenum (the 3 looks like a backwards S and written closely, 12 looks like D) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept with slight modification. Replace the current entries with: Stomach - 3 waves/min (3tomach) Duodenum - 12 waves/min (duodeni is 12 in Latin) Make "3", "12" and "duodeni" in bold red text. -Rachel K. | Reject. This is not all that HY and I don't believe it needs the added text. I also am not a fan of this as it seems like a stretch. -Brian B | | | | 03/27/17 11:29 AM | Rachel | Moss | rachelmoss0609@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1282 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract histology | pathoma | Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon composed of simple columnar epithelial layer | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. no errata reference link. -Lauren L | Reject. Not high yield enough to be added, and no direct source. -Brian B | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 8:04 AM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1283 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract histology | pathoma | stomach- HAS NO goblet cells. duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon DO HAVE goblet cells | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. The text is fine the way it is. The stomach has cardiac, fundic, pyloric glands, the absence of goblet cells in the stomach is a low-yield histology question for step-1......the presence of mucus producing foveolar cells of the gastric mucosa is a possibility however... -Lauren L | Not high yield. Text explains the information adequately. Not needed. -Brian B | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 8:06 AM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1284 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract anatomy | First Aid 2017 | Frequencies of basal electric rhythm: Duodenum - dwelve (twelve) waves/min | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See submission above. | -Reject.-Brian B | | | | 05/07/17 1:42 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1285 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract histology | N/A | This section could be rearranged to more clearly delineate where the different histological features are located throughout the GI tract. Crypts- duodenum and below Plicae circulares- distal duodenum to proximal ileum Goblet cells- increases from upper GI to distal colon Vili and Microvilli- duodenum to ileum | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:27 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1286 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract anatomy | mnemonic | cIrcular Inner, lOngitudinal Outer (in muscularis mucosa)... first vowel indicates relative position | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/25/17 5:44 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1287 | 347 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Digestive tract anatomy | Not required | Instead of writing Stomach, Duodenum, and Ileum in that order when talking about basal electric rhythm, it would be better to put Stomach, Ileum, and then Duodenum to state the waves/min from slowest to fastest. Can also use the mnemonic SID (from slowest to fastest). | Clarification to current text | | | | 10/19/17 8:15 AM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1288 | 348 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Abdominal aorta and branches | http://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/vasculature/arterial-supply/ | In the labelling of the Aorta, the label " Right common iliac" and " left common iliac" extends up to external iliac artery , which is misleading. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Correct the figure so the text for "common iliac" is not occupying the space of the external iliac. I wouldn't recommend decreasing the font size, you may need to use an arrow to specify the location. Rachel K | Agree, this is more of an illustration edit rather than an errata....but the text reading "right common iliac" and "left common iliac" could be better placed BEFORE the bifurcation branches of the "left internal iliac" and "right internal iliac".....even though the right and left common iliacs continue to become the external iliacs..but the way it is show is a bit misleading....-Lauren L | Agree, move the text so that is prior to the right internal iliacs. If necessary use 2 lines. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not going in errata | | | 04/20/17 12:17 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1289 | 349 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Celiac trunk | Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy 6th edition, plate 284 | The image shows the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastroepiploic arteries arising from the gastroduodenal artery. However, it is the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal and right gastroepiploic arteries that arise from common hepatic. | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. This is a common anatomical variant. See Fig 2.1 and pg. 13 http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9781493918461-c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1487723-p176892317 Rachel K | Disagree. the text illustration is fine the way it is. Rachel K.'s reference provides a nice explanation speaking about the variants seen in anatomical anatomy here. -Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/28/17 6:19 PM | Lawangeen | Zeb | lzeb@health.usf.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1290 | 349 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Celiac trunk | Not necessary | The diagram showing the anatomical regions supplied by the 3 branches of the celiac trunk is slightly misleading as the key indicates that the left gastric artery region is purple, the splenic artery region is orange, and the common hepatic region is blue -- however, the liver is the same shade of purple as the left gastric artery supply and the spleen is a pale blue, which also looks like the color used for the left gastric artery regions. Thus it appears as though the liver is supplied by the left gastric artery as it is the same color as the left gastric artery region as well as the spleen as the color is very similar to the left gastric artery region. I would suggest making the liver blue (as it is supplied by the common hepatic artery, which is blue in the key) and the spleen orange (as it is supplied by the splenic artery, which is orange in the key). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. The colors on the figure in no way agree with the legend. Make the liver blue to match the color for the common hepatic artery. Make the spleen orange to match the color for the splenic artery. Rachel K | I agree the spleen should be orange/yellowish to match the legend. ..............but in my FA 2017 the liver is a brown color, and the left gastric artery section is pink color, so there is no clarification needed for that part.......I vote just make the spleen orange/yellow.....-Lauren L | Work up in annotate with visuals. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not going in errata | | | 04/12/17 4:26 PM | Leah | Beland | lbeland@knights.ucf.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 1291 | 349 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Celiac trunk | http://physiology.md.chula.ac.th/website/anatomy.html | The 2 branches of Gastroduodenal artery(ie. Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal & Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal) should be located behind of duodenum. Of course, Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery must be illustrate behind Pancreas! | Minor erratum | Verified | Revised figure -BB | | | | 08/04/17 1:09 PM | Kami | De | akamil224@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1292 | 350 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Portosystemic anastomoses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940321/ | For the Esophageal varices, majority of cases present with left gastric anastomosing with esophageal vein. It is the esophageal vein that is part of the systemic and left gastric part of portal system. Even though esophageal vein does drain into azygos, azygos is not the systemic vein involved in esophageal varices. | Minor erratum | Verified | Half agree. a) this is a fairly minor point. b) the cited article states that "The venous drainage of thoracic esophagus to systemic veins occurs mainly through the azygos (AV) and hemiazygos venous system", and c) esophageal 'vein' is actually a plexus of 'veins' and not an official major vein. We can potentially mediate with fix: "left gastric <--> azygous via esophageal veins" -Jon Li | Disagree, text is fine the way it is. What needs to be memorized is Azygous. I remember having questions on this concept and the answer was always Azygous. .....For example: If a test question stated, "what major systemic vein is involved in esophageal varices?" ....the answer would NOT be esophageal vein... -Lauren L | Reject, agree with LL. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/06/17 5:17 PM | Vrutant | Patel | v.patel09@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1293 | 351 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Pectinate (dentate) line | First Aid 2017 | I would change the font to stress that "A"bove the Pectinate line is associated with "A"denocarcinoma. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change to "Adenocarcinoma" and make the "A" in "Above" and "Adenocarcinoma" bold red text. -Rachel K. | Agree. I like the idea. -Brian B | | | | 01/21/17 9:53 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1294 | 351 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Pectinate (dentate) line | N/A | Above-adenocarcinoma, both begin with vowel and Below-squamous both begin with consonant. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See submission above. -Rachel K. | -Reject. -Brian B | | | | 05/25/17 11:22 AM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1295 | 351 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Gastrointestinal secretory products | First Aid book 2017: page 351 | Gastrointestine secrete [BIG Products] B "bicarbonate" I "intrinsic factor" G "gastric acid" P-in the word product "Pepsin" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:37 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1296 | 352 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Liver tissue architecture | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977644/ | Zone III—pericentral vein (centrilobular) zone: Affected 1st by ischemia and Heart Failure | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not required to add heart failure to list. Heart failure by definition can lead to ischemia, which is listed. Not needed. -Brian B | Reject - exactly what Brian B said. Heart Failure would be an example of an ischemic etiology...text is fine the way it is. -Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/12/17 10:14 AM | Daniel Enirque | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1297 | 352 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Liver tissue architecture | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977644/ | add Zone III—pericentral vein (centrilobular) zone, as the zone affected 1st by ischemia and Heart Failure. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | see above. -Brian B | see above. - Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 6:35 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1298 | 352 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Liver tissue architecture | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977644/ | add Heart Failure in zone Zone III—pericentral vein (centrilobular) zone | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/25/17 4:50 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1299 | 354 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Inguinal canal | - | Possible way to tell the difference between the anatomical locations of the medial and median umbilical ligaments is that the "L" in "medial" is for lateral. So it is lateral to the median umbilical ligament. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is simply an anatomic relationship concept and I don't think it's worthy of a mnemonic. -Rachel K. | -Reject. This is too much text for something that really isn't that HY. -Brian B | | | | 01/22/17 12:48 PM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1300 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | First Aid 2017 | In the Diaphragmatic hernia section, the text says it is "Mostly commonly a hiatal hernia" but also says that "Sliding hiatal hernia is most common" in the same box. I think this needs to be clarified. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. Can add "sliding" to inline text to make it clearer that the text are referring to the same thing. -Brian B | I think the text is fine the way it is. .....A "Sliding hiatal hernia" is the most common type of "hiatal hernia"...there are 4 types of hiatal hernias..Type 1 (sliding hernia)...Type II - IV (paraesophageal hernias). ....-Lauren L https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hiatus-hernia?source=search_result&search=hiatal%20hernia&selectedTitle=1~61#H3 | Agree with LL, keep text as is. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/05/17 12:43 PM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1301 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | N/A | Picture shown on FA 2017 pg 355 for indirect inguinal hernia really looks like it showing the hernia through inguinal (Hesselbach) triangle which would mean its a direct inguinal hernia and not Indirect hernia.. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. Picture is very clear location of various hernias. -Brian B | Reject. Picture is fine, and is only there for reference rather then anatomical precision.....Step-1 inguinal hernia questions would 99% of the time diagnose a patient with a certain type of inguinal hernia...then show an image of it for enhancement ...and then at the end ...ask a detail regarding the anatomical pathway/ embryology/ or possible complication. Picture is fine... -Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/12/17 9:31 PM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1302 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | none needed | Inguinal triangle is defined in the Femoral hernia section, but I think it would fit better in the Direct inguinal hernia section (since the heselback triangle is irrelevant to a femoral hernia) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Move inguinal triangle explanation up to the direct hernia box. -Brian B | Agree. I think that it may also work to enlarge the illustration and place it underneath diaphragmatic hernia since it describes the following 3 hernias. Also move the mnemonic "MDs don't LIe" to the indirect inguinal hernia section since the information is presented first here. Rachel K | Agree with the changes per authors. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/14/17 9:53 AM | Laura | Szczesniak | lauramszczesniak@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1303 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | none | Indirect inguinal hernia: At the phrase .....lateral to inferior epigastric......bold "in" at the word inferior | Mnemonic | Verified | Everything is in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels but I guess it wouldn't hurt to put "in" in bold red text in line 4 of column 2 for indirect inguinal hernias. -Rachel K. | Reject. I don't think this is needed. -Brian B | | | | 03/27/17 9:05 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1304 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | uworld questions | Indirect inguinal hernia much more common in male INFANTS, CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. This is splitting hairs. This hernia is more common in males. The sentence before also comments on the presentation in male infants because the processus vaginalis fails to close. Rachel K | Reject. Splitting hairs is good way to put it. The text is fine the way it is. -Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 12:06 PM | Christer | Blindheim | c.c.blindheim@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1305 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | None needed | The picture under the femoral hernia is too small and the picture looks like the epigastric vessels are turning into the femoral vessels (when they are just branches). | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/14/17 12:30 AM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1306 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | first aid 2017 and myself | Femoral Hernias - Females Indirec Hernias- Infants Direct Hernias- Dads (older males) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/17/17 10:50 AM | Aury | Fernandez | as.fm@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1307 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Pancreas and spleen embryology | Beckers Anatomy 2017 chapter 8 page 21 | Annular pancreas is most commin males and has been associated to downs syndrome it causes BILLOUS vomiting . these characteristic are important to establish a differential diagnosis | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/17/17 12:07 PM | Aury | Fernandez | as.fm@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1308 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Hernias | Mnemonic | *In*direct hernias are *in*herited (congenital) while direct hernias are acquired (*indicates* bold/red) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/23/17 10:55 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1309 | 356 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Gastrointestinal regulatory substances | not needed | “Gee! K.I.D.S. get cancer, so sad.” Gee! (G cells-gastrin), K cells- GIP, I cells- CCK, D cells- somatostatin, S cells- secretin | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. This is very creative but I wanted to figure out how to incorporate another "G" for gastrin and try to relate it to the topic. Here's what I came up with: Gee! KIDS Getting GastrosChisis, So Sad G cells - Gastrin K cells - GIP I cells - CCK D cells - Somatostatin S cells - Secretin All the capital letters will be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | While I think this is one of the better mnemonics, do we really need this? Im more on the edge of not putting this in the text. Again, I only feel we should be adding more to the book if it really helps with a fact that is quite HY. For what this is accomplishing, I don't find it very HY. -Brian B | | | | 01/29/17 8:04 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1310 | 356 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Gastrointestinal regulatory substances | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiology-of-gastric-acid-secretion | "The GI system is located where the thoracic DISKs are." (highlight the G in GI and DISK); Gastrin=G cells (both start with G); Somatostatin comes from D cells (D=Discontinues hormones); CholecIstokInIn comes from I cells (cholecystokinin has two I's; a 3rd I was added to emphasize the point); Secretin comes from S cells (both start with S); K cells increase insulin release and insulin decreases serum K+ (potassium) (K cells decrease K+) | Mnemonic | Duplicate | Reject. See above submission. -Rachel K. | -Reject. -Brian B | | | | 03/19/17 4:02 PM | Michelle | Trieu | mtrie002@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1311 | 356 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | mnemonic | "G"astrin - G cells. Soma"d"ostatin - D cells (also somato"stop"in because it stops secretion of lots of hormones). Cholecystok-"i"nin- I cells, "S"ecretin - S cells. Glu"K"ose dependent peptide - K cells | Mnemonic | Duplicate | Reject. See above submission. -Rachel K. | -Reject. -Brian B | | | | 04/21/17 11:53 AM | Chi-Tam | Nguyen | paulnguyener@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1312 | 356 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280419/#__ffn_sectitle | For ghrelin hormone in GIT chapter of 2017 edition Actually it is released by gastric fundus if we wanna be more specific plus, it decreases after sleeve gastrectomy and not bypass because in bypass the hormonal role of bypasses stomach is still presereved while in sleeve gastrectomy it is not because the fundus of the stomach is resected. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | No clarification needed. -BB | | | | 07/14/17 7:44 AM | Adel | Alhaj Saleh | adel_medicine@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1313 | 357 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Gastrointestinal secretory products | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiology-of-gastric-acid-secretion?source=search_result&search=gastric%20acid%20secretion&selectedTitle=1~124#H3 | The text suggests that pepsin is secreted by the chief cells of the stomach. However, the chief cells do not secrete pepsin, they secrete pepsinogen. This is mentioned in the "notes" of this topic, however I think it is a bit confusing to leave it as pepsin rather than pepsinogen. | Clarification to current text | Verified | added to page 368 -Brian B | | | | 05/23/17 12:28 PM | Diane | Algava | diane.algava@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1314 | 357 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Gastrointestinal secretory products | page 357 | Add to the table: Enterochromaffin-like cells-histamine secretion. Consider add Enterochromaffin cell-serotonin secretion and their role in gastrointestinal regulation | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 11:43 AM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1315 | 357 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Locations of gastrointestinal secretory cells | N/A | While the text below the figure does indeed clarify that gastrin's role in increasing acid secretion is more so due to its actions on ECL-->Histamine release rather than directly acting on parietal cells, the figure above it suggests that both gastrin's direct and 'off-target'/secondary downstream effects have equal weights. Furthermore on page 381 with the Gastrointestinal pharmacology figure the same assumption could be made given how the arrows are designed (having equal weights/thicknesses, etc) which was where I initially noted the need for more clarification. For those trying to minimize text reading and instead rely more heavily on images and drawings alone, perhaps this concept could be clarified in subsequent editions. Thanks. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/31/17 10:43 AM | Kathryn Merrill | Linder | kml016@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1316 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Vitamin/mineral absorption | mnemonic, not new information, just an easy way to remember it | Absorption in the gut: numerical order and order of the small intestinal segments: Fe2+ duodenum, B9 jejunum, B12 ileum | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I think this is a good complement for the existing mnemonic which is especially helpful to remember that iron is absorbed as Fe2+. To make this work, add "(B9)" after folate heading. Then in column 3 add: "Absorption also occurs in numerical order: Fe2+, B9, B12." The numbers should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | Accept. I would change it to read "Folate (B9)" Then add the line that Rachel suggested under the current "Iron, Fist, Bro" -Brian B | | | | 01/23/17 4:28 PM | Daniel | Sherwood | danieljswood@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1317 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Vitamin/mineral absorption | none needed | The mnemonic should state "Iron First Bro" not "Iron Fist Bro" | Minor erratum | Verified | Nope, supposed to be Iron Fist, Bro. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 02/07/17 3:04 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1318 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Pancreatic secretions | FA | Isotonic Fluid; "low" flow > high Cl- ("Cl"ow), "H"igh flow > high "H"CO3- | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Someone can easily flip flop the low flow part. I've read it a few times and I'm still not quite certain which goes with which. -Rachel K. | Reject. This is far from helpful. -Brian B | | | | 02/27/17 8:06 AM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1319 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Pancreatic secretions | 1. Uptodate: Approach to the adult with chronic diarrhea in resource-rich settings (Peter A L Bonis,MD & J Thomas Lamont, MD) 2. Uptodate: Lactose intolerance: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management (Robert K Montgomery, PhD, Richard J Grand, MD & Hans A Büller, MD) 3. Probiotics for gastrointestinal diseases (R Balfour Sartor, MD) 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrhea 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate | (To differentiate between osmotic and secretory diarrhea: Calculate the stool osmotic gap) Osmotic gap is calculated as: [290 - 2 (Na+ + K+)] Osmotic gap of >125 mOsm/kg suggests an osmotic diarrhea while a gap of <50 mOsm/kg suggests a secretory diarrhea | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | While this is true and useful, this is more than is required on the USMLE step 1 exam. I disagree about adding this to the current text. -Brian B | Reject. there are 3 types of diarrhea....1) watery, 2) inflammatory and 3) fatty..........under Watery diarrhea umbrella-- there is secretory and osmotic.....history/time of day and amounts of stool volume is usually more the sufficient for diagnosing between the two....according to UpToDate.com......{{{{{{ "Although USUALLY UNNECESSARY, the distinction between an osmotic and a secretory diarrhea can also be established by measuring stool electrolytes and calculating an osmotic gap....."...}}}}}}}..-Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 11:00 PM | Trilok | Shrivastava | trilokshrivastava@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1320 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Vitamin/mineral absorption | none | At B12: Absorbed in terminal ileum......intrinsic factor.......bold "i" at ileum and intrinsic | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This whole fact is going to be highlighted. I like what we've got. -Rachel K. | Reject. B12 at the ileum implies the intrinsic factor. -Brian B | | | | 03/28/17 12:29 AM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1321 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Vitamin/mineral absorption | My own observation | In the Mnemmonic "Iron Fist, Bro" it should be spelled "Iron First, Bro" since iron is absorbed first(duodenum), in contrast with folate and vit.B12, which are absorbed later on in small bowel and terminal ileum, respectively. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | No. Supposed to be "Iron Fist, Bro" -Brian B | Reject. Sites of absorption occur in the order of the mnemonic. Iron (Fe) - duodenum Fist (Folate) - jejunum Bro (B12) - ileum Rachel K | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 7:10 PM | Marcela Marie | Luna Castro | marcelalunacmd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1322 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Vitamin/mineral absorption | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/200184-overview#a5 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiology-of-vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiency#H3 | Folate absorption takes place in jejunum | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Specify that folate is absorbed in the jejunum. Boron Ch. 45 and http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/200184-overview#a5 Rachel K | Agree. Primary location is jejunum. uptodate.com---> "Dietary folate in the form of the polyglutamates is cleaved to the monoglutamate in the jejunum where it is absorbed [3]." -Lauren L | Reject: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3982215/ Keep this errata proof. "Folates are absorbed primarily in the duodenum and jejunum within the acid microenvironment at the cell surface." | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/19/17 1:54 AM | Rojan | Adhikari | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1323 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Carbohydrate absorption | First Aid 2017 | GLUT5(five): fructose uptake via facilitated diffusion | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I think this is trying to point out the "F" common factor in these words. I think you can add "(five)" after GLUT5 and then bold the "f" in "Fructose," "facilitated," and "five." -Rachel K. | Agree. I would like to see the F's bolded as Rachel suggested, but also made red. -Brian B | | | | 05/07/17 12:37 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1324 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Pancreatic secretions | n/a | Isotonic fluid: Low flow: high cL , High flow: high Hco3 (Low-cL / High-Hco3) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | -No thanks. -Brian B | | | | 06/13/17 5:32 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1325 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Carbohydrate absorption | n/a | GLucose + GaLactose are taken up by sGLt1. / (F)ructose is taken up by (F)acilitated diffusion by GLUT-5 (F)ive. (highlight similarities in red) | Mnemonic | Verified | -No thanks, we have a suggested GLUT5 and fructose already being worked up that is much better. -Brian B | | | | 06/13/17 5:37 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1326 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Carbohydrate absorption | n/a | All are transported to (2) blood by GLUT-2 | Mnemonic | Verified | Not really sure how this helps? Reject. -Brian B | | | | 06/13/17 5:39 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1327 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Bile | n/a | BILE: (B)acterial (I)nhibition (antimicrobial activity), (L)ipid (E)xcretion*/(E)xocrine** (*cholesterol Excretion) (**Exocrine function: lipid digestion) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. It's not bad, but this really isn't a HY topic so I don' think it really needs a dedicated mnemonic. -Brian B | | | | 06/13/17 5:46 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1328 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Pancreatic secretions | https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/838/flashcards/7609838/png/screen_shot_2015-04-28_at_72230_pm-14D01442AEB61B410E2.png Please note that I did not contribute to the making of the diagram from this website. I think adding a similar diagram would improve this section. | The pancreatic secretions needs an diagram for illustration. The way it is currently worded is unclear. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:38 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1329 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Pancreatic secretions | N/A | Suggestion: highlight L in "low flow" and in Cl-. Highlight H in "high flow" and in HCO3- | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:40 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1330 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Carbohydrate absorption | http://portfolio-timney.weebly.com/-the-process-of-carbohydrate-digestion-absorption-and-transport.html Adding an illustration similar to the one found on this website would be helpful. Please note that I did not contribute to the making of this diagram. | Adding and illustration to this section would be helpful. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:43 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1331 | 358 | Gastrointestinal | | | Physiology | Pancreatic secretions | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005274472900885 | Enteropeptidase/enterokinase are NOT brush border enzymes. They are released by the smal intestine. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/29/17 3:56 PM | Chea | Sok | andy_sok06@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1332 | 359 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Bilirubin | 1- Ogura Y1, Bonen DK, Inohara N, Nicolae DL, Chen FF, Ramos R, Britton H, Moran T, Karaliuskas R, Duerr RH, Achkar JP, Brant SR, Bayless TM, Kirschner BS, Hanauer SB, Nuñez G, Cho JH.Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):603-6. 2- Hugot JP1, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, Lesage S, Cézard JP, Belaiche J, Almer S, Tysk C, O'Morain CA, Gassull M, Binder V, Finkel Y, Cortot A, Modigliani R, Laurent-Puig P, Gower-Rousseau C, Macry J, Colombel JF, Sahbatou M, Thomas G.Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):599-603. | Chron's disease is associated with NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2) which leads to NF-kB inactivation. This decreases the production of antimicrobial peptides (cytokines) and mucin (innate immunity). This allows intestinal microbes to induce exaggerated response. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. This detail is not needed for a step 1 exam. This is more "textbook information" than any HY addition. I strongly disagree with this addition. -Brian B | Just no. Rachel K | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/16/17 1:55 AM | Shenoda | Abd Elmaseh | shenodayousef3@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1333 | 359 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Salivary gland tumors | Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Edition, page 745, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1289560-overview?pa=Z3HhU2Z5ditFsQ9vbrhJxqVJ2xwfbQJ3vAavw92%2F4rpyx7fqPNfLS7cpXSUlQpn5dEzTzs4gS%2B9%2BYRmHCQisr7Owhd8Mdk7tVO%2FdkscsGC4%3D#a6 | Warthin tumors described as "Bilateral in 10%; malignant in 10%". Robbins 9th Edition describes these tumors as bilateral in 10% and MULTIFOCAL (not malignant) in 10%. These tumors have low malignant potential | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Already changed per text. -Brian B | | | | 05/07/17 12:15 PM | Matthew | Szaro | szarom1992@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1334 | 359 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Salivary gland tumors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3146325/ & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528147/ | Warthins tumor is written to be bilateral in 10% of its cases. That is correct, however it misleads the student to an impression that since Warthin's seldom presents as bilateral, then salivary tumors with a bilateral presentation must not be Warthins - when the truth is the opposite as Warthins is the the most common . Rather what should be added for clarification is that "Warthins Tumor is the Most Common Bilateral Salivary/Parotid Tumor. This is very essential for students to know as it is a quick differential diagnosis if you can associate Warthins being the most common bilateral salivary tumor. (especially essential when dealing with a presentation of Sjögren) | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/10/17 3:16 PM | Shoban | Jayamohan | shoban_2@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1335 | 359 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | n/a | Mnemonic to remember which extraintestinal manifestations parallel disease ("keep PACEE") versus manifest unrelated (get PASSed). PACEE = Peripheral arthritis, Aphtous ulcers, Clots (hypercoagulability), Erythema nodosum, Episcleritis. PASS = PSC, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Sacroiliitis. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Creative mnemonic but information regarding which manifestations do/do not parallel disease is not in the text and a reference is not provided. -Rachel K. | -Reject. I really do like how they put it together, but it would be so easy to flip this all around that it wouldn't actually be helping the student. Good try though! -Brian B | | | | 05/13/17 3:30 PM | Isabel | Hardee | ihardee@emory.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1336 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Esophageal pathologies | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1610470-overview#showall | Uptodate mentions that treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis starts by avoiding allergens,,,then pharmacological therapy includes swallowed fluticasone....PPI therapy is tried too (unless tried before and they didnt work) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree.Treatment varies, with referral to an allergist for allergen testing being the most important to start with. I disagree with this being HY for a step 1 exam, and would not add it. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-eosinophilic-esophagitis?source=see_link#H18 -Brian B | Disagree (i.e. agree with Brian). Therapy for eos/esophagitis seems outside of our scope and not HY for step 1. -Jon Li | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 2:07 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1337 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Esophageal pathologies | Not needed | A useful mnemonic for remembering what a Mallory-Weiss syndrome is: (M)odels-(W)ine. Because this syndrome is usually found in bulimics(Models) and Wine(Alcoholics) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the "M" in Mallory and "W" in Weiss in bold red text. Change the last sentence to say: Usually found in bulimics (Models) and alcoholics (Wine). ("Models Wine") Make the capitals "M" and "W" bold red text. -Rachel K. | Or change it to read: "Seen when Models (bulimics) drink Wine (alcoholics)" Make the "M" and "W" red and bold in the name "Mallory Weiss" and in "Models" and "Wine" -Brian B | | | | 03/04/17 3:14 PM | Fazilhan | Altintas | fazilhanaltintas@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1338 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Achalasia | 1)http://www.myshared.ru/slide/1099228/-----------------------------------2) https://pguploads.com/tag/esophageal-manometry/ | I suggest adding th esophageal manometry as there was a question in UW... | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Agree. There needs to be an image showing the manometry findings of the various points of the esophagus. There are many questions that show up with these figures and would be very helpful. See - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=GAST%2F75809&topicKey=GAST%2F2268&source=outline_link&search=achalasia&selectedTitle=1~91 -Brian B | I am not opposed to this. But I do not believe any text should be removed in order to fit this manometry study in. -Lauren L | Reject, I know the question at hand in Uworld - it required no prior knowledge of manometry - it just required knowing that LES sphincter tone is high and how to interpret a graph. Would not waste space on this for one or two question. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 3:18 AM | Asmaa | Ibrahim | asmaa.scu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1339 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Achalasia | not needed | Add that achalasia can be treated with local botox injection as stated on pg. 134 FA17. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Agree. Worth adding a "Treatment-" box at the end of the text. Does show up on step 1. I would suggest "Treatment - First line = pneumatic dilation or myotomy. Second line = botulinum toxin injection, nitrates, or calcium channel blockers" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-achalasia?source=search_result&search=achalasia%20treatment&selectedTitle=1~91#H3680778 -Brian B | Second Brian. His proposed course of action endorsed by 2013 ACG guidelines. To keep things simple tho, would recommend fix: "Treatment - pneumatic dilation = surgical myotomy > botox injection >> nitrates/CCB" -Jon Li | This seems more like Step 2 material... Treatment is usually not covered. We really need this? | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/17/17 10:11 PM | Jackson | Bell | jacksonbell10@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1340 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Achalasia | None needed | Achalasia is tight as aChaLAMP or Achalasia is tight as aChLAMP | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | deny. -BB | Ugh, yes, deny this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/24/17 6:00 PM | Hamid | Ghazi | hamidghazi@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1341 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Achalasia | N/A | aCHAlasia = 2° from CHAgas disease | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | deny. -BB | Agree to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/27/17 5:36 AM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1342 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Achalasia | N/A | Achalasia or Achagasia (by Chagas disease) Bold "Chagas" in both words | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | I think it would be more effective to change it to: "A-Chagas-lasia" and add this after mention of Chagas disease. -Rachel K. | Reject. I really don't understand how this would benefit the student much. -Brian B | | | | 05/25/17 11:51 AM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1343 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Irritable bowel syndrome | First Aid book 2017: page 360 | IBS: I "improve with deification" B "bowel frequency" S "stool appearance change" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:41 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1344 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Esophageal pathologies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/boerhaave-syndrome-effort-rupture-of-the-esophagus | Boerhaave syndrome-full-thickness esophageal perforation, often due to vomiting. Mnemonic: Boerhaave's bores a hole through the esophagus | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/01/17 1:33 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1345 | 361 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Esophageal cancer | N/A | Bold the three "u" at Squamous and upper | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the "u" in squamous and upper in bold red text. -Rachel K. | Agree with making the U in "squamous" red along with the "u" in "upper" --Brian B | | | | 05/25/17 11:54 AM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1346 | 361 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Zenker diverticulum | First Aid book 2017: page 361 | ZENKER: Z "zenker diverticulum" E "elderly" N "neck mass" K "killian triangle" E "effy breath (halitosis)" R "Regurgitation" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:43 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1347 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastric cancer | this is a mnemonic, not new information, just a simple method of recall | V-irchow node; supracla-V-icular KruKenberg tumor; BI-lateral ovaries (2 K's, 2 ovaries) Sister MARY Joseph nodule; PERI-umbilical (Mary rhymes with Peri) | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | Way too convoluted, reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/23/17 4:19 PM | Daniel | Sherwood | danieljswood@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1348 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | Not Applicable | Louisiana BBQ causes gastric cancer: Louisiana = LA = Leser-Trelat sign and Acanthosis Nigricans, BBQ = nitrosamines | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | That's offensive to delicious Louisiana BBQ! Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/25/17 10:18 PM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1349 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastritis | Robbins Basic Pathology 9th edition page 567 | Replace "intestinal G-cell metaplasia" with "intestinal metaplasia" which leads to increased risk for intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Enteroendocrine G cell HYPERplasia on the other hand, is more commonly seen in chronic autoimmune gastritis due to increased gastrin release (loss of parietal cells -> achlorhydria -> loss of negative feedback)) | Minor erratum | Verified | Half agree...Robbins an Goljan use "intestinal metaplasia" in their description of H. pylori induced gastritis ......and intestinal G-cell 'hyperplasia when discussing autoimmune gastritis.....under "Natural history" section on this UPTODATE.com page on "gastric intestinal metaplasia" ...it references G-cells..but it also states mostly "intestinal metaplasia".....-Lauren L .....https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastric-intestinal-metaplasia?source=search_result&search=intestinal%20g%20cell%20metaplasia&selectedTitle=1~150 | Agree. Should change it back to "intestinal metaplasia." According to uptodate, the intestinal metaplasia can be further subdivided into three types. In type 1, the intestinal epithelium included absopritve, goblet, and paneth cell types. In type II and III it incorperates an incomplete hyperplasia that consits of goblet cells intersperesed amount gastric type mucin cells. All in all - to make the text clear for a USMLE step 1 exam, "intestinal metaplasia is all that is needed." https://www.uptodate.com/contents/metaplastic-chronic-atrophic-gastritis?source=search_result&search=chronic%20gastritis&selectedTitle=3~150#H2 -Brian B | Okay to simplify to intestinal metaplasia. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not going in errata | | | 03/26/17 7:58 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1350 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastric cancer | Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition page 771 | Sister Mary Joseph nodule is caused by metastasis to the periumbilical lymph nodes | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. Text is self explanatory. -Brian B | Reject. Text is fine the way it is. -Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/27/17 8:35 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1351 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastric cancer | pathoma | Gatric cancer-Intestinal also associated with blood type A | Minor erratum | Verified | Agreed. Comes up on the exam. Worth adding to current text. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risk-factors-for-gastric-cancer?source=search_result&search=gastric%20cancer&selectedTitle=2~150#H21 -Brian B | Agree. I suggest putting... "Associated with blood group A." At the end of the first paragraph. -Lauren L | Low yield, reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 12:03 PM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1352 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastric cancer | pathoma | Gastric cancer present with weight loss, easly satiety, abdominal pain, anemia and in some cases acanthosis nigricans or Leser-Trelat sign | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with addition of "abdominal pain." Do not feel anemia is HY enough to warrent addition. According to uptodate, weight loss and persistent abdominal pain are the most common symptoms at initial diagnosis." https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-staging-of-gastric-cancer?source=search_result&search=gastric%20cancer&selectedTitle=1~150#H2 -Brian B | Agree, weight loss (62%) and abdominal pain (52%) are the most commonly seen symptoms at initial presentation...followed by nausea (34%), dysphagia (26%), melon (20%), early satiety (18%), ulcer type pain (17%). ...I suggest adding abdominal pain in the sentence right before early satiety....-Lauren L .............https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=GAST%2F67702&topicKey=ONC%2F2513&rank=1~150&source=see_link&search=gastric%20cancer | Okay to add abdominal pain although, once again, not very specific for the illness being described. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/31/17 11:52 AM | Christer | Blindheim | c.c.blindheim@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1353 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastritis | n/a | Chronic gastritis etiology and location :“B”acteria (H. pylori) – “B”elow (antrum) ; “A”utoimmune – “A”bove (fundus and body) | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | I actually think this one could be helpful, would say migrate over for consideration by the team. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/13/17 1:29 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1354 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastritis | n/a | Chronic gastritis etiology and location :“B”acteria (H. pylori) – “B”elow (antrum) ; “A”utoimmune – “A”bove (fundus and body) | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | Duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/13/17 1:29 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1355 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastritis | n/a | Chronic gastritis etiology and location :“B”acteria (H. pylori) – “B”elow (antrum) ; “A”utoimmune – “A”bove (fundus and body) | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | Duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/13/17 1:29 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1356 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastritis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nsaids-including-aspirin-pathogenesis-of-gastroduodenal-toxicity?source=search_result&search=nsaids&selectedTitle=7~150#H3 | A decrease in gastric mucosa protection is caused by decreased prostaglandins in general (PGE1 included), not just by PGE2. It's an important clarification because drugs like Misoprotol (p. 382) protect the mucosa by acting as PGE1 analogs as listed in FA 2017. NSAIDs cause a decrease in all prostaglandins, which is the most accurate statement describing their role in decreasing gastric mucosa protection. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/23/17 2:02 PM | Zaid Adel | Zayyad | zzayyad@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1357 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Ménétrier disease | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/large-gastric-folds-hyperplastic-and-nonhyperplastic-gastropathies?source=machineLearning&search=menetrier%20disease&selectedTitle=1~6§ionRank=1&anchor=H5#H5 | Whether there is an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in patients with Ménétrier's disease is uncertain, with risk estimates varying from 2 to 15 percent [13,15,18,33,34]. In many studies that relate Ménétrier's disease to cancer, adequate histologic confirmation of the two conditions is lacking. In the past, the treatment of Ménétrier's disease was gastric resection, and this cancer risk could not be accurately determined [35]. Some authors recommend endoscopic surveillance every one to two years for early detection of neoplasia or dysplasia [10]. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/18/17 7:23 PM | Sadjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1358 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastritis | Not needed | bURns cause cURling ulcers | Mnemonic | | | | 10/20/17 2:14 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1359 | 362 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gastritis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5065578/ | It is important to know that Autoimmune Chronic Gastritis is initally a type IV hypersensitivity reaction due to CD4 positive T-Cell mediated attack to parietal cells, and that the autoantigen recognized is the Hydrogen/Potassium ATPase. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/23/17 3:34 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1360 | 363 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | n/a | Gardner Syndrome = FORT (FAP, osteoma, retinal hypertrophy, teeth | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | I don't get it, reject. What is FORT FAP anyway? -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/13/17 4:28 PM | William | Clark | wlc1@email.sc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1361 | 363 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Ulcer complications | FA pg 349 | Under "Hemorrhage" it currently reads "Ruptured gastric ulcer on the lesser curvature of the stomach -> bleeding from the left gastric artery", but that is only true for proximal ruptures whereas a distal rupture would cause bleeding of the right gastric artery. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. The new picture does make this a bit more confusing, but the ruptured gastric ulcer endangers the left gastric artery, not the right. I think this is quite important to leave this way as its a commonly tested anatomy concept. -Brian B | Reject. and I 100% agree with Brain B. Commonly tested concept, and should be committed to memory. -Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/01/17 4:17 PM | Steven | Perry | sperry4761@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1362 | 363 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Peptic ulcer disease | Pathoma videos | other cause of duodenal ulcers is H. pylori in about 95% of the cases | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. The exact percentage of association is extremely trivial, with various study showing different numbers. The approximate sign currently used is adequate to represent this. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-etiology-of-peptic-ulcer-disease?source=search_result&search=duodenal%20ulcer%20cause&selectedTitle=1~150#H2 -Brian B | Reject. no linked reference for this epidemiology fact addition. The H. pylori etiology of PUD is discussed on previous pg362. And the text is fine the way it is on page 363. -Lauren L | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/03/17 12:34 PM | Agnes | Mokrzyclo | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1363 | 363 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Peptic ulcer disease | pathoma videos | most common cause of duodenal ulcers is H. pylori (95% cases) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | see above. -Brian B | see above. -Lauren L | So there's an H pylori row that shows 90% of duodenal ulcers are caused by it... why do we need this again? | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/03/17 2:11 PM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1364 | 363 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Peptic ulcer disease | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20937632 | Type O blood is associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer disease. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/25/17 1:44 PM | Rajeev | Dalal | rdalal94@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1365 | 363 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | First Aid book 2017: page 363 | all polyposis syndromes are autosomal dominant [polyps DOMINATE over the mucosal flattness] | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:45 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1366 | 364 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Malabsorption syndromes | - | In addition to the existing mnemonic for Whipple Disease: "PAS" the Foamy Whipped cream in a CAN | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | Not a helpful addition to the current mnemonic IMHO. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/29/17 7:35 AM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1367 | 364 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Malabsorption syndromes | http://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(03)01204-6/fulltext | In addition to wheat, gluten is also found in barley and rye. Patients should avoid wheat, barley, and rye when executing the gluten-free diet. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agreed. Should read in text "Treatment: gluten-free diet (avoid wheat, rye, and barley) The principal sources of dietary gluten are wehat, rye, and barley. Exam questions typically include these types of food, instead of using the word gluten. It might be worth while to add the fact that almost all beer has a large quanity of these ingreedients. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-celiac-disease-in-adults?source=search_result&search=celiac%20disease%20diet&selectedTitle=1~150#H7321264 -Brian B | Half-agree. That is the definition of a gluten-free diet and I don't believe this medical common knowledge needs to be spelled out...on the other hand, Celiac disease is a very commonly tested topic... I had a question on this and the objective was not to test knowledge of food/drink ingredients, it was recognizing a celiac case and telling patient to follow a "restrictive diet plan" .....i supposed the test makers could have instead opted for the wording..."avoiding wheat/barley/rye"....-Lauren L | Treatment is more low yield for Step 1, reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/15/17 1:02 AM | Jake | Gibbons | jagibbs07@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1368 | 364 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Malabsorption syndromes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88990/ | Skin hyperpigmentation is seen in roughly 40-60% of all patients with Whipple's disease and is a more common manifestation than cardiac symptoms (35-65%) and neuro symptoms (20-30%). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/23/17 6:13 PM | Rajeev | Dalal | rdalal94@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1369 | 364 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | This is just a mnemonic. | Celiac Disease association with HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. "I ATE at Dairy Queen but not a SECOND time, said the Celiac patient." | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/30/17 10:15 PM | Matthew | Gillings | mattgllngs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1370 | 365 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/540142_3 | Way to remember which Th cell mediates which of the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Cr-ONE disease (Th1); Ulcera-TWO colitis (Th2) | Mnemonic | Verified | deny. -BB | Convoluted and oversimplifies the pathophysiology of the disorders IMHO, I vote to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/14/17 10:30 AM | Hollis | Johanson | hollisjohanson@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1371 | 365 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/559292 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae is misspelled as Saccharomyces cervisiae | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Spelling is incorrect in the text. Should be "anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae" Also should add "anti-OmpC antibody" after the former antibody in the book text. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-prognosis-of-crohn-disease-in-adults?source=search_result&search=crohns%20disease%20adult&selectedTitle=2~150#H12689197 -Brian B | agree spelling correction. the letter "e" is missing......as for the anti-OmpC antibody...I'm not too sure, I would defer to the experts/physicians on this one...I did not find this fact in my Robbins or Goljan text.......[[[The anti-OmpC antibody has been identified as a potential serologic marker of IBD [38,50,51]. The OmpC is an outer membrane porin, E. coli protein that is immunoreactive to pANCA monoclonal antibodies [52]. Anti-OmpC antibodies were present in 46 percent of 303 adults with CD in one study [38]. ●Additional antibody tests continue to be developed, including antibodies against laminaribioside, chitobioside, or mannan [53], and CBir1 flagellin [54].]]].....................from UpToDate in Brian B's link...... -Lauren L | Okay to correct spelling. The anti-OmpC is low yield. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/02/17 2:08 PM | Suzanne | Piccione | suzanne.piccione@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1372 | 365 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/540142_3 | In Microscopic Morphology Th1 mediated is placed under the heading Crohn disease and Th2 mediated is placed under Ulcerative colitis which should be placed in different heading of "immunology" instead of microscopic morphology and please add In Crohn disease : "Th1 mediated which includes IFN-γ and IL-12 " and In Ulcerative Colitis " Th2 mediated which includes IL4, IL5. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/25/17 3:13 PM | Rojan | Adhikari | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1373 | 365 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | 2017 First Aid | Crohn's disease can lead to kidney stones and gallstones, which rhymes: "Crohn's" causes "stones". Plus, it causes cobble-stone mucosa, which could also be worked in. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This would clash with the current mnemonic story. -Rachel K. | -Reject. Also agree it would clash. -Brian B | | | | 05/13/17 9:27 PM | Alex | Ritter | aritter@mix.wvu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1374 | 365 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-prognosis-of-ulcerative-colitis-in-adults?source=search_result&search=ulcerative%20colitis&selectedTitle=1~150 | Ulcerative colitis is inflammation limited to the mucosal layer only, NOT submucosal. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 09/23/17 5:40 PM | Grace | Yoshiba | gyoshiba@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1375 | 366 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Diverticula of the GI tract | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colonic-diverticulosis-and-diverticular-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis?source=search_result&search=diverticulosis&selectedTitle=1~93#H360101143 | risk factors should include obesity which is also a risk factor for diverticulosis and is more likely to be mentioned | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Should read in text as "Associated with obesity and diets low in fiber and were high in total fat or red meat." https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colonic-diverticulosis-and-diverticular-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis?source=search_result&search=diverticulosis&selectedTitle=1~93#H360101143 -Brian B | Agree, ....possible text adjustment to ----"Associated with obesity, and diets (low in fiber and high in fat/red meat)"...-Lauren L | Agree with authors, would state: "Associated with obesity and diets low in fiber, high in total fat/red meat." -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/09/17 2:58 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 1376 | 366 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Irritable bowel syndrome | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-irritable-bowel-syndrome-in-adults8pd4OkYMw3Uw&sig2=FoK54XSgANi3dPXlFIKilg | "Related to defecation" should be replaced by "Relieved by defecation" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. In text should read "Relieved by defecation" http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0515/p2157.html http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs -Brian B | Agree. All references indicate "Relieved by defecation"..-Lauren L | Would leave as is - authors please do a thorough search if you are claiming "All sources..." Not all sources state relieved by defecation - http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180389-overview ROME IV "Related to defecation (may be increased or unchanged by defecation) " https://twitter.com/DrPalssonUNC/status/734496449073795072 | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/04/17 10:35 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1377 | 366 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Diverticula of the GI tract | http://radiopaedia.org/articles/diverticulum) | In diverticulum, it states that a true diverticulum involves all 3 gut wall layers, but shouldn't it involve all 4 (mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa) | Minor erratum | Verified | Added discusion in Annotate, worth considering changing the current text. Please see added notes on annotate. -Brian B | The number is controversial, changed to "“True” diverticulum—all gut wall layers outpouch (eg, Meckel)." in 2018. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 06/16/17 3:58 AM | carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1378 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Meckel diverticulum | n/a | PerMECKnetate to remember the pertechnetate study for Meckel diverticulum | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change to: "pertechnetate (perMecknetate)..." and put "Meck" in bold red text. -Rachel K. | Not a big fan of this. I am leaning towards not adding it. Feels like a stretch to me. -Brian B | | | | 02/06/17 1:47 PM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1379 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Meckel diverticulum | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6918/ | Change the word ectopic with heterotopic (more accurate description as heterotopia = ectopia coexisting with normal tissue at its normal location) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Heterotopic is the correct terminology to be used here. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/meckels-diverticulum?source=search_result&search=meckel%20diverticulum%20pathophys&selectedTitle=1~42#H1124082232 -Brian B | Agree. -Lauren L | Agree per authors. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/27/17 1:13 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1380 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Alcoholic liver disease | No evidence needed. | AT> ALT in alcoholic liver disease. Instead of toAST (to indicate AST elevation because of chronic alcohol use), It's easier to remember it as Shots, while making the S word red. Shots = AST; meaning, alcohol consumption. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Incorrect Edition | Incorrect edition. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 8:22 PM | Felipe | Solares | filosolares@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1381 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Malrotation | uworld questions | Malrotation- anomaly of midgut rotation COUNTERCLOCKWISE during fetal development | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. This will cause a degree of confusion as normal midgut rotation IS COUNTERCLOCKWISE. Malrotation occurs due to partial or non-rotation of midgut. Proposed mediation: "Anomaly of midgut POSITIONING during fetal development -> INCOMPLETE COUNTERCLOCKWISE ROTATION OF MIDGUT -> improper positioning of bowel....etc....etc". Source: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930313-overview#a5 -Jon Li | Reject. I believe text is fine the way it is. Like Jon Li I think they all say the same thing to me.......***Rotation anomaly of midgut ***Anomaly of midgut positioning ***Incomplete counterclockwise rotation of midgut....etc...etc................I see no problem with what is written at bottom of pg367....... -Lauren L.....https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intestinal-malrotation-in-children?source=search_result&search=malrotation%20of%20the%20bowel&selectedTitle=1~150 | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/03/17 12:58 PM | Christer | Blindheim | c.c.blindheim@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1382 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Meckel diverticulum | uworld questions | vitelline duct- aka omphalomesenteric duct | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Uptodate refers to it as the O-M duct as well. Add "aka omphalomesenteric duct" after 'vitelline duct' in referred section -Jon Li | Agree. I switched this to a spelling/formatting suggestion....this is not a Major errata.....suggested text could read...***Persistence of vitelline duct (aka omphalomesenteric duct)***-Lauren L | Agree per LL. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/03/17 1:06 PM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1383 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Malrotation | not needed | i believe that , this section " malrotation" better fits in the embryology section ,where normal rotation of gut is mentioned.( in page 344) | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/27/17 6:29 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1384 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Diverticula of the GI tract | N/A | To remember that the Meckel diverticulum is a TRUE diverticulum, think "KIDS [affected age group] always say the TRUTH" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. What we have know works better and this isn't needed. -Brian B | | | | 06/12/17 2:35 PM | Julienne | Sanchez | spjulie8@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1385 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Meckel diverticulum | Beckers Anatomy 2017 chapter 8- 22 major congenital tube defects | is a partial persistence of the viteline duct. a complete persistence of the viteline duct would cause a viteline fistula and would present itself with meconium protruding through the umbilicus | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/17/17 2:25 PM | Aury | Fernandez | as.fm@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1386 | 368 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Volvulus | Self | Picture of sigmoid volvulus, intraoperative--see attached | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. image without credit or reference. Radiographic image is fine the way it is as the Sigmoid volvulus radiographic sign is commonly tested. -Lauren L | Disagree. Image included is gross in nature and is highly unlikely to be seen on the exam. Current image represents a volvulus well and is what is usually tested on step 1. -Brian B | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/31/17 10:52 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1387 | 368 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Volvulus | pathoma | Volvulus- can lead to obstruction, infarction and bilious vomitting | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. No reference link. There is no discussion of bilious/non-bilious vomit type in volvulus of adults on UpToDate.com..........there is discussion of vomit in volvulus of infants and children on UpToDate which states..........."CLINICAL PRESENTATION — The primary clinical findings in infants and young children with intestinal malrotation are as follows [1,3]: ●Vomiting, typically bilious (green or fluorescent yellow) but can be nonbilious."......-Lauren L.......https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intestinal-malrotation-in-children?source=search_result&search=volvulus&selectedTitle=2~91 | Agree. I believe the text box should have the general info on top and then be subdivided for kids and adults. For a child subdivide, included that a midgut volvulus is more common. Also saying "vomiting (bilious or nonbilious) is the most common presenting symptom. Also associated with abdominal distension and tenderness." https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intestinal-malrotation-in-children?source=search_result&search=volvulus&selectedTitle=2~91#H27 Adults - note that a sigmoid volvulus is more common, but also seen at the cecum (cecum 10-52%, sigmoid 43-71% according to uptodate link - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cecal-volvulus?source=search_result&search=volvulus&selectedTitle=3~91#H2) add to adults also - "majority present with insidious onset of progressive abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal distension, and constipation. Vomiting usually occurs several days after onset of pain. Xray findings = "coffee bean sign" or "bent inner tube" -> I Just had a nbme exam say "bent inner tube on Friday so I think it's fair for step 1 exam. There is no real distinction made with bilious or non-bilious vomit in adults. It either should be noted it can be either, or not added to adult sub box. However, it's important to note that it can be bilious or non-bilious under the child as step 1 questions will always note if the vomit contains bile or not in a kid. -Brian B | Reject, kind of low yield - lots of things lead to vomiting. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/03/17 1:09 PM | Christer | Blindheim | c.c.blindheim@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1388 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias | https://www.jci.org/articles/view/59526/pdf | Rotor syndrome has the number 4 denoted near bile flow but Rotor syndrome is due to a bilirubin uptake problem near number 1 in the figure on the blood flow end. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/10/17 2:49 PM | Rushi | Patel | rushi1030@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1389 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | https://med.firecracker.me/app#/tree/1/1-27-32-33-2763?openNodes=%5B%221%22%2C%221-27%22%2C%221-27-32%22%2C%221-27-32-33%22%5D | Polyps in Jejunum for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJ for PJ) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Does not match the information presented in the fact because polyps are located throughout Gi tract. -Rachel K. | Reject. As Rachel has pointed out, its not the only location that polyps can show up. Too bad though, if it could work I would have liked this addition. -Brian B | | | | 01/29/17 5:31 PM | Sairekha | Ravichandran | sravichandran@neomed.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1390 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0024354 | Under polyposis syndrome for the disease "Familial adenomatous polyposis" it states that APC is located on gene 5q. Although this is true, the now truer answer (that is also accepted on boards) is the precise chromosome sequence of: 5q21 for the location of the APC tumor supressor gene in FAP. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. -LL | Change to: "Autosomal dominant mutation of APC tumor suppressor gene of chromosome 5q21." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Sasan Sakiani | Agreed. | | Change to: "Autosomal dominant mutation of APC tumor suppressor gene of chromosome 5q21." | | 5 | | 01/31/17 4:46 PM | Jaemin | Yim | jaeminyim@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 1391 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | Not needed | A mnemonic for Gardner syndrome: Think of a "gardener" kneeling all day with resulting achy bones (osseous/soft tissue tumors). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add: "The Gardener has achy bones (osseous/soft tissue tumors) after kneeling all day." -Rachel K. | Accept. Really like what Rachel typed up there. Great addition. -Brian B | | | | 02/07/17 11:29 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1392 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | Not needed | For Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, pronounce it "Shmutz-Jeghers syndrome". Think of someone with shmutz on his/her face (mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I think this might be too far of a stretch for some people. -Rachel K. | Reject. I don't like changing the names of things like this. -Brian B | | | | 02/10/17 4:21 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1393 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Colonic polyps | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24834258 | CpG hypermethylation phenotype should be replaced by CpG methylator phenotype (CIMP) which is the correct nomenclature for this molecular pathway. Also make clear that serrated polyps develop into CRC via those 2 molecular pathways (MSI or CIMP) or via BRAF mutation | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Consider adding ***(CIMP+)*** so the text reads as ****Premalignant, via CpG hypermethylation phenotype (CIMP+) pathway with micro satellite instability etc....***** From UpTodate -->((( "Hypermethylation phenotype (CIMP+) pathway — Epigenetic alterations such as DNA hypomethylation and loss of imprinting, as well as DNA hypermethylation, can silence the expression of certain genes, including MMR enzymes [7-10]. CRCs that have a particularly high frequency of methylation of some CpG islands (in which a cytosine [C] base is followed immediately by a guanine [G] base that are linked with a phosphodiester bond [CpG]) are referred to as CIMP+ tumors [7]. The defect may result in hypermethylation of the promoter region of MMR enzymes such as MLH1 and silencing of gene expression [11]. Activating mutations in the BRAF gene occur almost exclusively in MSI-H, CIMP+ CRCs that do not carry mutations in KRAS [12,13].))))) -LL https://www.uptodate.com/contents/molecular-genetics-of-colorectal-cancer?source=machineLearning&search=CpG%20hypermethylation&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H5#H8 | Agree, but I would change in line text to read "Premalignant. CpG islands (cytosine base followed by guanine, linked by a phosphodiester bond) become hypermethylated and are referred to as CIMP+ tumors. The Defect may result in hypermethylation of the MMR (DNA mismatch repair) enzyme, silencing its expression. Accumulation of these mutations is called microsatellites. Associated with mutations in BRAF and microsatellite instability." This excludes some information, but I think does a much better job getting the overall point to the student and includes adequate information that may be tested on a step 1 exam https://www.uptodate.com/contents/molecular-genetics-of-colorectal-cancer?source=machineLearning&search=serrated%20polyps&selectedTitle=2~31§ionRank=1&anchor=H4#H8 -Brian B | Agree to work up in Annotate. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/05/17 11:48 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1394 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Colonic polyps | uworld questions bank | Hyperplastic polyps are the MOST COMMON colonic poyps. Adenomatous polyps are the 2nd most common type of colonic polyps | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, out of the non-neoplastic polyps, hyperplastic polyps are the most common. ..-LL https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-colonic-polyps?source=search_result&search=hyperplastic%20polyp&selectedTitle=1~28 | Agree per LL and uptodate. -Brian B | Okay to add. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/18/17 12:02 PM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1395 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210554/ | Hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium is a characteristic of FAP, not specifically Gardner syndrome. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/13/17 4:04 PM | Clare | Parker | clare.parker@duke.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1396 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Colonic polyps | Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th Edition, Pages: 593,594, 595. http://www.mdedge.com/ccjm/article/95697/gastroenterology/sessile-serrated-polyps-cancer-risk-and-appropriate-surveillance http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/751791_2 | Under characteristics of hyperplastic polyps the text says: "May occasionally evolve into serrated polyps and more advanced lesions". Correction: "Hyperplastic polyps are in fact serrated on histology. It is important to distinguish a hyperplastic polyp with no malignant potential form a histologically similar lesion called sessile serrated adenoma/polyp that has malignant potential". | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/19/17 7:48 AM | Amin | Azem | amin.alqruity@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1397 | 370 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Colonic polyps | Robbins Basic Pathology, Tenth Edition Kumar, Vinay, MBBS, MD, FRCPath; Abbas, Abul K., MBBS; Aster, Jon C., MD, PhD | 1.Inflammatory Polyps (The solitary rectal ulcer syndrome): clinical triad of rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, and an inflammatory lesion of the anterior rectal wall. The underlying cause is impaired relaxation of the anorectal sphincter. Chronic cycles of injury and healing. 2. Hyperplastic Polyps: result from decreased epithelial cell turnover and delayed shedding, a “pileup” of goblet cells. Polyp surface with irregular tufting and serrated architecture results from epithelial overcrowding. No malignant potential, they must be distinguished from sessile serrated adenomas, (histologically similar lesions that have malignant potential). serrated architecture typically is confined to the surface of hyperplastic polyps. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/22/17 5:05 PM | Sadjjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1398 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Lynch syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lynch-syndrome-hereditary-nonpolyposis-colorectal-cancer-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=Lynch%20syndrome%20(hereditary%20nonpolyposis%20colorectal%20cancer):%20Clinical%20manifestations%20and%20diagnosis&selectedTitle=1~100 | 70-80% of patients with Lynch syndrome go onto develop CRC rather than 80%. Therefore either saying 70-80% or ~75% would be more acccurate | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. Uptodate reference link below to the study indicting the percentage (78%) go onto develop CRC....-LL https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lynch-syndrome-hereditary-nonpolyposis-colorectal-cancer-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis/abstract/12 ...... | Disagree. Text is plenty good enough, plus uptodate states 78%. Leave as is. -Brian B | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/09/17 12:17 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1399 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Lynch syndrome | Pathoma | Rive Satellites LACk Repair = Right sided more commonly due to microSatellite instability pathway, Left sided more commonly due to Adenoma-Carcinoma pathway, lynch syndrome due to a defect in dna mismatch Repair enzymes | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is a little bit of a stretch. -Rachel K. | -Reject. -Brian B | | | | 03/12/17 6:17 PM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1400 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Lynch syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/188613-overview?pa=%2B1hvFYhuIeI1ynSWxrf7333Y9tPuioVy2zYOiAnBtbf4d%2FD%2B3iZPbqCIYe9Zd%2Fm856MI7dGTgNawPfsOtJla9Q%3D%3D#a2 | Lynch (like the company Merill Lynch): CEO C stands for Colorectal carcinoma, E stands for endometrial carcinoma, and O stands for Ovarian carcinoma. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like this. Suggest changing to CEOs so skin cancer can be included. Add: Merrill Lynch CEOs Colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) Endometrial cancer Ovarian cancer skin cancer "Lynch" and "CEOs" should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | I agree with adding "Merrill Lynch CEOs" Make the "c" in colorectal red, the "e" in endometrial red, the "o" in ovarian, and the "s" in skin red. Also make "Lynch" red as well. -Brian B | | | | 05/30/17 4:06 PM | Gabriel | Castro Gueits | gabriel.castro9@upr.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1401 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/contents/lynch-syndrome-hereditary-nonpolyposis-colorectal-cancer-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=machineLearning&search=lynch%20syndrome&selectedTitle=1~91§ionRank=2&anchor=H506714695#H506714695 | Lynch Syndrome Amsterdam Criteria 1. At least 3 relatives with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer, 1 of whom is a first degree relative of the other 2; familial adenomatous polyposis should be excluded; 2. At least 2 successive generations involved; 3. At least 1 of the cancers diagnosed before age 50. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/26/17 2:01 AM | Joel | Chan | joelchancheeyee@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1402 | 372 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Cirrhosis and portal hypertension | n/a | "white arrows shows splenomegaly" should be changed to "white arrows show splenomegaly" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. -CD | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/26/17 3:32 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1403 | 372 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer | Spotted this doing FS2017 HTML5 Review/QA | The Word "Firing" should be in brackets, it is currently in a 2-deep set of parenthesis | Spelling/formatting | Verified | There is an extra parenthesis after the word firing. Change to "(firing order of events is AK-53)" while keeping the current text red. Rachel K | Agreed. Just like Rachel said. -LL | Agree with Rachel's suggestion. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/17/17 1:05 PM | Gavin | Underdown | Gavin@underdown.us | | | |||||||||||
| 1404 | 372 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer | www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v9/n7/fig_tab/nrc2645_F1.html | In the bulk of literature, loss of both APC genes actually induces the formation of a small, early adenoma, and does not, as the section would lead you to believe, result in a normal appearing colonic mucosa. | Minor erratum | Verified | For testing purposes, the way we have it now is good. Very good imho. -Brian B | Rejected by experts on Annotate. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/09/17 2:20 PM | Lukas | Ronner | lukasronner@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1405 | 373 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Reye syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/803683-overview#a4 | "Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction results in hyperammonemia, which is thought to induce astrocyte edema, resulting in cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure (ICP)". The fact that , there is cerebral edema in Reye syndrome is tested in one of the NBME's , so it is better to mention. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/27/17 6:58 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1406 | 374 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Alcoholic liver disease | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17531973 | Mallory bodies have been renamed to Mallory-Denk bodies | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. The PubMed article proposing this change is from 2007 and I have not seen nor heard anyone reference a Mallory-Denk body. Rachel K | Accept, even though i haven't heard of this, or seen a test question naming Mallory-Denk...UPTODATE states the name has changed....see the following 2 references......-LL https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-adults?source=machineLearning&search=non%20alcoholic%20fatty%20liver%20disease&selectedTitle=1~104§ionRank=1&anchor=H7#H7 ......https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=GAST%2F51497~GAST%2F59170~GAST%2F75188&topicKey=GAST%2F3625&rank=1~104&source=see_link&search=non%20alcoholic%20fatty%20liver%20disease | The article itself states "Given the tremendous contributions made by Denk to the field, we propose renaming MBs as Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs)." PROPOSE being the keyword. Wikipedia's main entry is still Mallory body. We can just try this out on Annotate and see what people say, needs to be tagged on 374, 658, 748. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 4:03 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1407 | 374 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Not needed | The use of nomenclature is a bit off. Fatty infiltration of the hepatocytes should be changed to fatty infiltration of the liver (or fat accumulation in the hepatocytes) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. I was initially confused as well when I read this. Rearranging and replacing the words provides more clarity. Please change "fatty infiltration of hepatocytes" to "fat accumulation in the liver" Rachel K | The text seems fine, but could also word the text as (**--> steatosis**) due to the following references use of the word "steatosis"...."INTRODUCTION — Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the presence of hepatic steatosis when no other causes for secondary hepatic fat accumulation (eg, heavy alcohol consumption) are present. NAFLD may progress to cirrhosis and is likely an important cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis...".....-LL https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-in-adults?source=search_result&search=fatty%20liver%20infiltration&selectedTitle=1~150 | Should be hepatocytes - the liver does not get infiltrated with fat, the hepatocyte does which modifies it shape and causes it to swell. Leave as is. https://books.google.com/books?id=oL6d9KuVqLQC&lpg=PA596&ots=gViQUhUIR5&dq=fatty%20infiltration%20of%20hepatocytes&pg=PA596#v=onepage&q=fatty%20infiltration%20of%20hepatocytes&f=false | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 4:07 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1408 | 374 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Budd-Chiari syndrome | www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-the-budd-chiari-syndrome | Under Budd-Chiari syndrome, it should clarify that it can arise from the thrombotic occlusion of hepatic veins and/or IVC, rather than just the hepatic veins as listed now. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/05/17 9:41 PM | AnitaM | Mathew | anitar.mathew@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1409 | 374 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Alcoholic liver disease | My own creativeness | AST>ALT (ratio usually > 2:1) "You need to be > 21 to drink alcohol" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. After the ratio within the same parentheses, add "because 21 is the drinking age" "21" should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | The ratio can sometimes be 1.5>1 so I'm not sure if this should be added, but I am a fan of it overall. I remember some uworld questions having the ratio over the 1.5:1 but not quite 2:1. I don't want people to get a question wrong because they make the ratio a hair less than 2:1 in the question. I also never thought this was a hard topic for most people to remember. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/alcoholic-hepatitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=alcoholic%20hepatitis&selectedTitle=2~93#H234080095 -Brian B | | | | 05/30/17 1:45 PM | Michael | Winter | mowin90@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1410 | 375 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Other liver tumors | U world question bank | Cavernous hemangioma are the MOST COMMON benign liver tumors | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Change the text to say "Most common benign liver tumor..." Robbins 9e pg. 867 Rachel K | Agree. Most common benign tumor of liver and spleen is also in Goljan Rapid Review and on Uptodate -LL....https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatic-hemangioma?source=search_result&search=cavernous%20hemangioma&selectedTitle=2~91 | Okay to modify. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/18/17 8:09 AM | Christer | Blindheim | c.c.blindheim@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1411 | 375 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Bismuth, sucralfate | First Aid book 2017: page 375 | Bismuth, Sucraflate [Binds Surface of ulcers] | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:48 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1412 | 375 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | α1-antitrypsin deficiency | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15882941 | Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency panacinar emphysema predominantly affects Lower Lobes compared to centriacinar smoking-related emphysema. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/25/17 6:41 PM | Venus | Esquivel | esquivel.venus@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1413 | 376 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Jaundice | Credit for image, if approved: Anup Chalise | pic for icterus | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. There is already a picture of scleral icterus. Don't know that a picture of generalized jaundice would be that high yield. Rachel K | Reject. I am with Rachel, i don't see the need for a generalized Jaundice photo...-LL | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/13/17 10:04 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1414 | 376 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Jaundice | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/367721 | Yellow discoloration due to bilirubin deposition in the conjunctiva and NOT in the sclera (conjunctival icterus) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. The cited article is from 1979 and says that they examined eyes from people with jaundice and found the sclera to have the lowest amount of bilirubin staining. Additionally, the text doesn't specify where in the eye the bilirubin is deposited, just that yellowing of the skin/eyes is due to bilirubin deposition. In addition, Chapter 42 of Harrison's says: "Slight increases in serum bilirubin are best detected by examining the sclerae, which have a particular affinity for bilirubin due to their high elastin content." http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=331§ionid=40726762 Leave text as is. Rachel K | Reject. I saw Rachel's text may times in references...but here is a new article which also agrees with keeping the text the way it is....-LL articlehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4646559/ | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/12/17 7:20 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1415 | 376 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Jaundice | Mnemonic/First Aid | *h*emolytic *C*rigler-Najjar *G*ilbert is high before you have a *newborn* (hCG elevated in pregnancy) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 9:14 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1416 | 377 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias | Not needed | Under the text for Gilbert syndrome, the fact that there is increased bilirubin/jaundice seen during times of fasting or stress is stated twice. It reads, "...Asymptomatic or ild jaundice usually with stress, illness, or fasting....Bilirubin increases with fasting and stress." | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. -CD | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 10:32 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1417 | 377 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/gilbert-syndrome#inheritance | Gilbert's syndrome is both AR and AD depending on the mutation, so the line at the top of the page should be changed from "all autosomal recessive" to "most autosomal recessive" along with a note saying Gilbert's is both | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/06/17 6:28 PM | Timothy | Sherry | timrsherry@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1418 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) | First Aid 2017 | An easy way to remember that Wilson Disease is on Chromosome 13 is that there are 13 letters in Wilson Disease. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add: "Remember chromosome 13 because WIlson's disease and ceruloplasmin each have 13 letters." -Rachel K. | I agree with rachel. I like the addition of ceruloplasmin into the mnemonic. -Brian B | | | | 01/25/17 4:36 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1419 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | n/a | To remember the association between primary biliary cholangitis and anti-mitochondrial antibody, remember that it's a disease classically seen in women and women pass on their mitochondria | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Please make "women" in the table red along with "mitochondria" of "anti-mitochondrial" red. At the end of additional features add "Women pass on their mitochondria" -Brian B | | | | 02/15/17 8:01 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1420 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-primary-biliary-cholangitis-primary-biliary-cirrhosis?source=search_result&search=ursodiol&selectedTitle=6~67#H12 | Ursodeoxycholic acid is the first-line treatment for primary biliary cholangitis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Treatment is not being discussed as part of this fact. Rachel K | Reject. The treatment for 1*biliary cholangitis is not discussed here. -LL | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/19/17 1:14 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1421 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7905494 | Primary biliary cholangitis: Pathology- currently says "destruction of intralobular bile ducts. Should be changed to interlobular, intrahepatic bile ducts. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Correct text to say destruction of INTERlobular ducts. Rachel K | Half-agree. Instead of distinction from inter--vs--intra...since BOTH are involved in this disease....just stating (--***destruction of lobular bile ducts***) would be better as this is how it is referred to in the American and the European Association for the study of liver diseases.....1.) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-primary-biliary-cholangitis-primary-biliary-cirrhosis?source=search_result&search=primary%20biliary%20cholangitis&selectedTitle=1~144......................2.) https://www.aasld.org/sites/default/files/guideline_documents/PrimaryBillaryCirrhosis2009.pdf.............-LL | I think this was an issue last year. I agree with errata proofing it by getting rid of inter and intra. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | In column 2 in the Primary biliary cholangitis row, replace “destruction of intralobular bile ducts” with “destruction of lobular bile ducts.” | | 10 | | 02/19/17 10:04 PM | Alexander | Rodriguez | rodriguez.alexj@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 1422 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) | its mnemonic by me | ceruloplasmin is 13 letter...can be used as mnemonic for chromosme 13 responsible for Wilson disease | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. See submission above for wording. -Rachel K. | See above merged suggestion. Credit should be given here too, however. -Brian B | | | | 03/11/17 2:58 AM | Asmaa | Ibrahim | asmaa.scu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1423 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-hereditary-hemochromatosis | The text states hemochromatosis will classically cause restrictive cardiomyopathy. This contradicts page 297, which states dilated cardiomyopathy is more common in hemochromatosis. Furthermore, dilated cardiomyopathy as a manifestation of hemochromatosis is confirmed by UpToDate. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. This point is clarified already in the text at the bottom of page 297...in the cardio section with the Puppy LEASH mnemonic.....also the submitted Uptodate reference provided clearly states..."irreversible myocardial dysfunction can occur in subjects with advanced disease" -LL | Disagree. The current text is clear on the distinction between the restrictive and the dilated cardiomyopathy. -Brian B | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/29/17 11:30 AM | Philip | Skummer | pts37@cornell.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1424 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | Goljan Rapid Review Pathology 4th Edition page 480 | Hepatosplenomegaly should be replaced by hepatomegaly (no splenomegaly in cholestatic liver disease) | Minor erratum | Verified | Need another opinion. Don't have access to the source. Robbins mentions hepatomegaly in the context of PBC but says nothing about it in the context of PSC. Rachel K | Disagree. splenomegaly mentioned in PSC, PBC articles in Uptodate. Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-prognosis-of-primary-biliary-cholangitis-primary-biliary-cirrhosis?source=machineLearning&search=pbc&selectedTitle=2~145§ionRank=2&anchor=H58137725#H58137725 -Jon Li | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/10/17 11:57 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1425 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | none | triple X: X-men, Xclerosing, Xtrahepatic. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Creative but a little bit of a stretch. -Rachel K. | Reject. Stretch, big time. -Brian B | | | | 04/23/17 3:05 PM | Marleni | Torres | marlenitorresn14@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1426 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.21405/abstract;jsessionid=37F6B7DF3DC868A75AFFB660A0324FF9.f02t03 | In the section titled Biliary Tract Diseases on the same page, you have listed Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Secondary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. The major error in this table is the presence of a disease named "Secondary Biliary Cholangitis". There is no such disease. It would be correct to replace "Secondary BILIARY Cholangitis" with "Secondary SCLEROSING Cholangitis"; because the latter possesses all the properties (etiology, pathogenesis, presentation) you have attributed to the former. In a sense, you have already hinted at this major errata in a sentence under Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, where you mentioned it could predispose to Secondary Biliary Cholangitis. If you were to rename the pathology in question, it would make more sense, because the progression and the common histology (fibrosis) would make sense. I am including a reference below, but you will no doubt note that when one Googles "Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis/Cholangitis" the first links are to Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis. I apologize for being unable to find a link to UpToDate or eMedicine. Perhaps the below link will help. I will point out, though, that there is no link available for Secondary Biliary Cholangitis on the same sources. | Major erratum | Staff rejects | - I believe we already went over this early in the fa18 process. There is an argument either way. Would need further input on if we really change it or not. -Brian B | | | | 04/26/17 3:08 AM | Asher Nitin | Chandran | ashernitin@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1427 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177216-overview | "Recessive mutations in HFE gene" should be re-written as " Autosomal recessive mutations in HFE gene" | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree, but feel the entire first line should be changed. Line should read "Autosomal Recessive. C282Y mutation > H63D mutation on HFE gene, located on chromosome 6, associated with HLA-A3" -Brian B | Changed to "Autosomal recessive. C282Y mutation > H63D mutation on HFE gene, located on chromosome 6; associated with HLA-A3." in 2018. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/29/17 1:24 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1428 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) | self made | Wilson disease is on Chromosome 13 and "wilson disease" has 13 letters | Mnemonic | Duplicate | Reject. Duplicate submission. -Rachel K. | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 04/30/17 9:03 AM | Rajbir Singh | Pannu | rajbir_96@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1429 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | First Aid 2017 | HFE gene mutation seen in (H)emochromatosis with iron (Fe) overload | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add: "HFE=Hemochromatosis is FE overload" Make "H," "F," and "E" bold red text. -Rachel K. | Agree with Rachel's suggestion. -Brian B | | | | 05/12/17 11:34 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1430 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) | not needed | to easyly remember som facts about wilson disease: "BAD CCCopper Hits and Kicks PPenny" B: basal ganglia, A: asterixis, D: dementia, dystonia, C: copper, ceruloplasmin, cirrhosis, H: hemolytic anemia, K:Kayser rings, P: Penicillamine, Psychiatric, Parkinsonism | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add: "BAD CCCopper Hits and Kicks PPPenny" Basal ganglia Asterixis Dysarthria, Dystonia Ceruloplasmin, Cirrhosis, Copper Hemolytic anemia Kayser-Fleischer rings Psychiatric disease, Parkinsonism, Penicillamine -Rachel K. | Reject. I think this is too much and not easy to remember. -Brian B | | | | 05/15/17 10:11 PM | Rigoberto | Tejeda | rgo.tejeda@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1431 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | N/A | HemochromatoSIX for chromosome 6 | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Add "hemochromatosix" after chromosome 6 and make "six" bold red text. -Rachel K. | Adding this to the proposed change to the text would read then as "Autosomal recessive. C288Y mutation . H63D mutation on HFE gene, located on chromosome 6 (hemochromatosix); associated with HLA-A3. Leads to abnormal iron sensing. Make the 6 and the "six" at the end of "hemochromatosix" red -Brian B | | | | 06/02/17 3:33 PM | Rachel | Fayne | rachel.fayne15@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1432 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | eMedicine | Hemosiderin (iron) can be identified on liver MRI, decreased signal intensity within the liver | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/21/17 9:07 PM | Xheni | Deda | xhenideda@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1433 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | Dermatologi manifestations in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis patients, a case control www.ncbi.nml.nih.gov/pubmed/16464228 . information also on uworld question id 401 | It classically presents in middle aged women with pruritus that is exacerbated at night. Xanthomatous lesions in eyelids or skin tendons may also develop | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/12/17 6:06 AM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1434 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | Not required | Chelate iron (Fe) with deFErasirox, deFEroxamine, oral deFEriprone | Mnemonic | | | | 10/21/17 12:35 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1435 | 378 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Thrombocyte (platelet) | n/a | alFa (alpha) granules contain von Willebrand FACTOR, Fibrinogen and Fibronectin | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Not a bad way to keep the alpha-granule contents straight. -AM | | | | 03/12/17 7:48 AM | Denisa | Pavlíčková | denisapavlickova@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1436 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gallstones (cholelithiasis) | no reference | cholecystitis: HIDA scan HIDes the gallbladder in case of obstruction | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Yes, you will not see the gallbaldder but this mnemonic is a little misleading. -Rachel K. | This is a good try, and I really want to like it but it can lead to a bit of misleading information. -Brian B | | | | 01/06/17 2:10 PM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1437 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gallstones (cholelithiasis) | none needed | under pigment stones it says "(black = radiopaque, Ca..." this mkaes it seem as though radiopaque appears black on XR when in reality its white. I know its referring to the color of the stone but the way it is formatted makes it appear as such. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. This shouldn't be confused at this stage in the game. Rachel | Honestly I never had that confusion when I read it during study period. However, I wouldn't be opposed to turning to '=' signs to arrows: "black -> radioopaque" -Jon Li | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/30/17 4:02 PM | Bruce | Metcalf III | bmetcalf@sgu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1438 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gallstones (cholelithiasis) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-and-risk-factors-for-gallstones?source=search_result&search=gallstone%20risk&selectedTitle=1~150#H6 | For the mnemonic "Female, Fat, Fertile (pregnant), Forty", the description of pregnancy implies current pregnancy. However, multiparity is the major risk factor for the development of gallstones. This should be added for clarification. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Change text to read "Fertile (history of multiple pregnancies or currently pregnant)" Rachel K | Agree. I suggest removing (pregnant) and ----using the medical terms --- ***(multiparous > nulliparous)***.with the 'greater than' symbol in between....-LL https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-and-risk-factors-for-gallstones?source=search_result&search=gallstone%20risk&selectedTitle=1~150#H6 | Just remove (pregnant) and add (eg, multiparity). -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not errata worthy | | | 02/01/17 4:43 PM | Conor | Smith | casdb2@health.missouri.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 1439 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gallstones (cholelithiasis) | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.1840040840/abstract | Both black & brown pigment stones are composed of ca2+ bilirubinate | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. They both have calcium bilirubinate but one is polymerized and the other is not. Not sure of the best way to address this in the text. Maybe delete it altogether because the details differentiating the two are definitely not high yield. Here's an additional reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1529152 Rachel K | Agree. ...Robbins notes = [pigmented gallstones = bilirubin calcium salts]..........................................................Goljan notes = [Cholesterol gallstone = most common stone-------------- Black pigment gallstone = sign of extravascular hemolysis; calcium bilirubinate-------------Brown pigment gallstone = sign of CBD infection]................. .perhaps changing text to Pigmented gallstones (bilirubin calcium salts) (Black = hemolysis, Brown = infection).....because this is important and should not be removed as Black pigmented gallstones are commonly tested complication of for example Hereditary Spherocytosis (i.e. hemolysis)....-LL | Not sure about this, recommend expert input. -YC | Disagreement/need expert | See Annotate discussion. Not changed for 2018. | Reject | | | | 04/10/17 5:09 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 1440 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gallstones (cholelithiasis) | http://www.nature.com/nrgastro/journal/v2/n7/full/ncpgasthep0211.html#B2 | Cholecystoduodenal fistula forms as a complication of acute cholecystitis and allows gallstone ileus to occur | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Gallstone ileus is discussed under the "Gallstones" fact. Please move the current text that begins with "Can cause fistula between gallbladder..." to the "Cholecystitis" fact. Rachel K | Agree. The fact on right side of gallstones fact on page 379, beginning with "Can cause fistula between gallbladder and GI tract...etc.."....would be better placed in the cholecystitis section. -LL | Agree to modification, will likely have to play around with the text or images to keep on one page. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/11/17 3:37 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1441 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gallstones (cholelithiasis) | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410503_2 | Emphasize that the pain in biliary colic is constant and not colicky (waxing and waning). The term biliary colic is actually a misnomer | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/06/17 6:28 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1442 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Gallstones (cholelithiasis) | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/hep.20997/asset/20997_ftp.pdf;jsessionid=97E4EA2A14707ED7EE4B161D929362AD.f01t02?v=1&t=j4rfphca&s=097d6d368853ccf11fd18b08c9e3b85ab59b57bd&systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+down+on+Wednesday+05th+July+starting+at+17.00+EDT+%2F+22%3A00+BST+%2F+02%3A30+IST+%2F+05.00+SGT+%286th+July%29+for+up+to+1+hour+due+to+essential+maintenance+ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899548/ | I'm not a 100% sure about the justification for pigment stones, but TPN does cause biliary sludge and can predispose to the formation of cholesterol stones. TPN results in gallbladder stasis, due to lack of input from CCK. Increased risk for cholesterol stones in TPN. Need clarification on the mechanism of pigment stones but my assumption was that long term use of TPN results in chronic liver damage --> decreased conjugating ability --> increased UCB which can precipitate in the bile. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/05/17 4:19 PM | Zainab | Al-Abd | zainab.al.abd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1443 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gastroenterology_hepatology/_pdfs/pancreas_biliary_tract/acute_pancreatitis.pdf | In 2017 First Aid Book, there is no mention of acute pancreatitis subdividing into interstitial and hemorrhagic. Acute Interstitial pancreatitis are focal areas of fat necrosis, calcium deposition and interstitial edema. Whereas, Hemorrhagic pancreatitis are chalky white area of fat necrosis interspersed with hemorrhage. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | At this time I don't think it's necessary to differentiate between the different types of acute pancreatitis. Rachel K | Reject. This is too detailed for Step-1 takers, and hemorrhage and soap formation are already discussed complications of pancreatitis in the text. -LL | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/15/17 10:53 AM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1444 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | N/A | Mnemonic for CA 19-9 tumor marker: 19-9=10 (10 letters in pancreatic). CA for CarcinomA. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Creative but requires too much explanation. -Rachel K. | Reject. This is not good at all.-Brian B | | | | 02/22/17 3:30 PM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1445 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Chronic pancreatitis | uworld questions | major causes of chronic pancreatitis are alcohol abuse, cystic fibrosis and idiopathic | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. I definitely think it's worth the remind that many cystic fibrosis patients will have pancreatic insufficiency. Change text to say: "Major causes are alcohol abuse, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic." Rachel K | Agree, BUT I PROPOSE that the sentence read.. ***Major causes are alcohol abuse and idiopathic (genetic causes, obstruction).*** Reference below....-LL ....https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathogenesis-of-chronic-pancreatitis-in-adults?source=search_result&search=chronic%20pancreatitis%20etiology&selectedTitle=1~147 | I propose: "Major causes include alcohol abuse and genetic (ie, cystic fibrosis); can be idiopathic." Idiopathic is not really a cause as much as it is a lack of explanation so it should not be listed as such. We can work this up more in annotate. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/03/17 12:36 PM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1446 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | pathoma | pancreatic adenocarcinoma often presents with pale stools | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Add information to the 3rd line of the fact "Tumors more common in pancreatic head -> obstructive jaundice and pale stools" Rachel K | Agree, BUT I believe the pale stools addition should be placed below under "Often presents with:" in the same line as the last bullet point reading ***Obstructive jaundice with palpable non-tender gallbladder (Courvoisier sign), pruritus and pale stools***....see reference link clinical presentation...-LL....https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-staging-of-exocrine-pancreatic-cancer?source=machineLearning&search=pancreatic%20adenocarcinoma&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=2&anchor=H4#H4 | Agree with LL's modification. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/03/17 12:43 PM | Agnes | Mokrzycki | a.a.mokrzycki@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1447 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Chronic pancreatitis | FA 2017 pp 364 | Pancreatic insufficiency also cause vitamin B12 deficiency in addition to Fat soluble vitamines. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/22/17 4:12 PM | Sadjjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1448 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/184237-overview#a5 | Psudeocyst listed under "Chronic pancreatitis" should be in "Acute pancreatitis". UWorld* states: "Pancreatic pseducyst is a common complication of acute pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis, proteolytic enzymes may disrupt the walls of the pancreatic ducts and cause leakage of the pancreatic secretions in the peripancreatic space. This fluid has a high pancreatic enzyme content and induces an inflammatory reaction in the walls of the surrounding organs. Granulation tissue forms, encapsulating the fluid collection and forming a pseudocyst." Additionally, eMedicine states that: "Acute, or rarely, chronic pancreatitis or abdominal trauma causes pseudocysts." In other words,the most common cause of pseudocysts is acute pancreatitis. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 3:59 PM | Katherine G. | Chan | katherinegychan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1449 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hereditary-pancreatitis | Hereditary pancreatitis - genetic predisposition for recurrent acute pancreatitis (over a course of a year); mutation in cationic trypsinogen gene or PRSS1 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/25/17 6:37 PM | Katherine G. | Chan | katherinegychan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1450 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | mnemonic | *l*ipase *l*asts *l*onger than *a*mylase (more *a*cute rise and fall) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/01/17 2:36 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1451 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2910743 | Grey-Turner sign: Flank hemorrhage; Cullen sign: Periumbilical hemorrhage | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/21/17 1:25 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1452 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Proton pump inhibitors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920685 | In 2017 First Aid Book, For PPI side effects, you have listed decrease serum Mg2+ but have not listed Ca2+. As long term use of PPI is major cause of fractures in elderly pateints. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I'm really not sure on this one. I've read things that say there is an association with PPIs and osteoporosis (due to hypocalcemia) and then I read other things that say there is no association. As of 2010, the FDA says there is no association. Need another opinion on this one. https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm213240.htm Rachel K | Agree. Magnesium issues are known. PPI's and adverse calcium issues are heavily studied... and as far as I have gathered...it is advised that PPI's be prescribed with caution for those individuals with strong risks for hip/spine fractures (previous fractures, current/former smokers etc..)...as for the wording, I would add, increase risk for fracture?? -LL.....https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-and-comparison-of-the-proton-pump-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-acid-related-disorders?source=search_result&search=PPI%20use&selectedTitle=1~150#H59976497 | Would bring expert in on this as there is conflicting information on sources. -YC | Disagreement/need expert | | | 5 | | 02/23/17 11:06 AM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1453 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Proton pump inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-and-comparison-of-the-proton-pump-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-acid-related-disorders | Please add other side effects of PPI like osteoporosis, atrophic gastritis as they are commonly used drugs and a must know fact. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | -increased hip fractures and decreased calcium absorption should be added. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-and-comparison-of-the-proton-pump-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-acid-related-disorders?source=search_result&search=ppi%20side%20effects&selectedTitle=1~150#H59976497 -Brian B | | | 5 | | 04/27/17 6:37 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1454 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Proton pump inhibitors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2589004/ | P450 Inhibition is a adverse effects of use of PPIs. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Dont think this is HY to add for step 1. - Brian B | | | | 04/27/17 5:08 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1455 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Acid suppression therapy | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs002329900274?LI=true | It says somatostatin and prostaglands work through G1, they actually work through Gi, not G1 to inhibit cAMP | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/05/17 12:15 PM | Megan | Masten | meganmas@umich.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1456 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | H2 blockers | My idea. | Cimetidine, Ranitidine will stop exCRete CReatinine. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/27/17 2:20 PM | Anton | Shkundin | anton7777@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1457 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | H2 blockers | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204178-medication | Cimetidine can be used in dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/30/17 11:04 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1458 | 382 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Bismuth, sucralfate | http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3596/bismuth-subsalicylate-oral/details#side-effects | Please add the side-effects for Bismuth and sulackenning of tongue and stool is common and characteristic for Bismuth. Also tinnitus. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Don't think this is high yield. Rachel K | Reject. -LL | Reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/21/17 11:17 PM | Priyesh | Thakurathi | priyeshthakurathi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1459 | 382 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Loperamide | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/lomotil-lonox-diphenoxylate-hcl-atropine-342039 | Please add diphenoxylate as an anti-diarrheal agent as it is often tested. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Don't feel this is very HY. - Brian B | | | | 04/27/17 6:45 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1460 | 382 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Antacid use | clarification | 4th line from the top: antacid "overuse can cause the following problems.” More clarification that these symptoms are specific to the type of antacid listed below. Suggest rephrasing to “Overuse can cause the following problems, for the following medications:” | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/28/17 4:40 PM | Sami | Hashmi | sami.hashmi@northwestern.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1461 | 382 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | First Aid book 2017: page 382 | IgG [Goes through placenta "make the letter G in IgG & in Goes red"] | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:24 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1462 | 383 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Metoclopramide | not needed | Under Clinical Use there is an extra "period" after GERD. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. -CD | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/03/17 6:57 AM | Nodari | Maisuradze | maisuradze.nodo@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1463 | 383 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Laxatives | no reference | SENNa: Stimulates ENteric Nerve | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change the order of the mechanism to "Stimulates ENteric Nerve..." and change the drug name to "SENNa." The capital letters should be in bold red text. -Rachel K. | Is this really needed? I really don't think this adds much and not very HY at all. -Brian B | | | | 01/06/17 11:52 PM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1464 | 383 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Laxatives | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/colace-dss-docusate-342012#10 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/docusate-drug-information?source=search_result&search=docusate&selectedTitle=1~143 | The mechanism of docusate is wrong. Docusate works as an anionic surfactant(stool softener), reduces tension of oil-water interface of the stool; enhances incorporation of water and fat into stool, causing stool to soften. NO osmotic draw into lumen. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree change mechanism of action to: "Promotes incorporation of water and fat into stool." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Sasan Sakiani | Yes, agree with comments. -SS | Brooks Cash | Correct; Its mechanism of action is attributed to a decrease in surface tension, allowing penetration of water and fat into the feces. There is some data suggesting that it may have some secretory activity in the jejunum and prevent reabsorption of water elsewhere in the GI tract but it is far from definitive and docusate salts are widely considered surfactants. | Accept | | Change the mechanism of action of colace to: "Promotes incorporation of water and fat into stool." | | 20 | | 01/15/17 8:15 AM | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | | | ||||||
| 1465 | 383 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Aprepitant | Not needed | A simple mnemonic to remember its mechanism: APrePitant=Substance P antagonist (highlighting the P's that are in common) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Capitalize and put both "P" in bold red text for the drug name. Make "P" under mechanism bold red text. -Rachel K. | or just make the "Ap" in "aprepitant" red and change the mechanism text from "substance P antagonist" to "Antagonist of substance P" and make the "A" in Antagonist and "P" red I think this gets the point across without having to add any text to the book. -Brian B | | | | 02/14/17 2:59 PM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1466 | 383 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Ondansetron | FA 2017 | Under "Clinical Use," there is an unnecessary line break between "patients" and "undergoing" that is inconsistent with the formatting on the rest of this page. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Text should be able to fit on one line. Rachel K | Agree. -LL | Agree. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/24/17 8:04 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1467 | 383 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Drug names | N/A | sENna stimulates the Enteric Nerves | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Duplicate submission. -Rachel K. | -please see above. -Brian B | | | | 05/27/17 8:13 PM | Rajeev | Dalal | rdalal94@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1468 | 383 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | First Aid book 2017: page 383 | down on the corner (THROMBOLYTICS). [STAR: S "streptokinase", T "tenecteplase", A "alteplase", R "reteplase"] | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 8:27 AM | Ahmed | Elalem | alalem.ksu@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1469 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Thrombocyte (platelet) | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/764760_3 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/586618_2 | Platelet also has receptor for ADP which is not mentioned there. "ADP released from platelet dense-granules as well as injured cells binds to two platelet G-protein-coupled receptors, the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors." | Minor erratum | Verified | ADP receptors are noted on pgs 393 and 415. As the page noted here is about platelet anatomy and not physiology or pharmacology, I don't think it is necessary to include here. Reject. -Matt D | Agree with Matt, add third column stating ADP acts through these specific receptors - Tarunpreet D | Don't think it's official errata worthy, but for 2018 we can add another row to the third column stating: ADP receptors: P2Y1 and P2Y12 -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Perhaps could have been clearer: the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors are the receptors that ADP binds to and acts through. | | | | 12/30/16 11:45 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 1470 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | not needed | Derivatives of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells can be added by creating a new embryology section.The myeloid and lymphoid cell origin needs to be clearly distinguished as it helps to identify various disorders related to it. A sample diagram is included. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree, we should have a diagram like this. I thought that we did have one like this, but I guess I've seen it everywhere else. These are very high-yield and testable points. -Scott M | agree, an image like this is always helpful especially for students using FA to supplmenent course material. Richard G | Checked through heme/onc and immuno chapters and didn't see anything quite like this. I do like the diagram a lot, and I think it can be conceptually helpful for students to organize this information. Would recommend addition. Let's make sure to tell illustrations team we are interested in adding. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/31/16 4:09 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1471 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Neutrophil | wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6hle_bodies (seen in the real exam) | Dohle bodies: basophilic leukocyte inclusions, esp associated with leukemoid reactions and toxic granulations | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | While this is important to know as a path resident, I think it's rather LY for Step 1 -Scott M | reject, too LY. Richard G | So here's the thing that's keeping me from rejecting outright -- supporting reference lists "seen in the real exam." It's probably going to be a distractor answer choice if on USMLE rather than explicitly tested, but I think I did learn this at some point, going to wager from Goljan audio lectures. I also found it in some NBME practice question posted on usmle forums (as an answer choice, the question was about Councilman bodies / viral hepatitis) (http://www.usmleforum.com/files/forum/2014/1/763732.php) Maybe let's have X-Ref team take a look through other resources? I didn't see it in pathoma. Also fine just not thinking more about it, but yeah... -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/26/17 7:39 PM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1472 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Neutrophil | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-peripheral-blood-smear | In Hypersegmented neutrophils , nucleus has "more than five lobes" , so it has to be " 5+" | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 2:11 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1473 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Leukocyte | not needed | In WBC differential count from highest to lowest, the text says " normal ranges per USMLE" but it just gives the approximate values, not the **range**. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 2:32 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1474 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Thrombocyte (platelet) | N/A | ''b'' (from GpIb) "v" (from vWF) sound similar | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 05/25/17 1:04 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1475 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Lymphocytes | Neutrophil | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005273606002690 | Suggested addition to Hematology and Oncology: β-defensin should be listed in the azurophilic granules for neutrophils. (Two of my friends also had a question with β-defensin.) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/04/17 12:50 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1476 | 386 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Leukocyte | Not needed | For WBC differential count from highest to lowest use: Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/06/17 8:49 AM | Max | Weber | comthire@web.de | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1477 | 387 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Mast cell | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847274/ | Aggregation of FcεR1 by antigen recognized by bound IgE activates mast cell by activating a non receptor tyrosine kinase. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/28/17 1:47 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1478 | 387 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Eosinophil | MKSAP 17 3rd Revision Hematology and Oncology Chapter 01: Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Disorders Table 7 | Much higher quality mnemonic for the ddx of eosinophilia: "Causes of Eosinophilia C Collagen vascular disease (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome]) H Helminthic (parasitic worm) infection (Strongyloides) I Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (cause unknown after extensive evaluation) N Neoplasia (lymphomas most common) A Allergy, atopy, asthma (also drug induced: carbamazepine, sulfonamides)" | Mnemonic | | | | 10/28/17 2:21 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1479 | 388 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Dendritic cell | not needed | "Called Langerhans cell in the skin" . Langerhans cell is confusing with "langhans cell" so a side note can be added as " not to get confused with langhans giant cell" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | If we did this sort of "beware" for all the confusing terms, we'd gain 10 pages. --edu | | | | 12/30/16 11:59 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1480 | 388 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Dendritic cell | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15427538 https://books.google.com.np/books?id=aXJl0KlX1KgC&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=MHC+I+expression+on+dendritic+cells&source=bl&ots=1j39Z4iqgG&sig=glrZ2MeD0O0tBOMUNLrPfsKoA-w&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=MHC%20I%20expression%20on%20dendritic%20cells&f=false | In the text it is mentioned that dendritic cell " Expresses MHC class II" but it also expresses MHC I . It may be misleading so , it is necessary to clarify that it also expresses MHC I . | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 1:35 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1481 | 388 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | B cell | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15427538 https://books.google.com.np/books?id=aXJl0KlX1KgC&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=MHC+I+expression+on+dendritic+cells&source=bl&ots=1j39Z4iqgG&sig=glrZ2MeD0O0tBOMUNLrPfsKoA-w&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=MHC%20I%20expression%20on%20dendritic%20cells&f=false | It is mentioned that B cell "Can function as an APC via MHC II" but it can be re-written as " Can function as an APC " only as it works via MHC I and II , both. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 1:40 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1482 | 389 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Fetal erythropoiesis | My right hemisphere | I suggest changing the mnemonic "Young Liver Synthesizes Blood" because it might confuse one to think that the liver starts the erythropoesis, a nicer mnemonic would be "Yolksac Likes Synthesizing Blood" referring to that the Yolksac starts it all. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 01/08/17 1:19 PM | Abdallah | Malas | abdallahmalas@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1483 | 389 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Anemias | Not needed | An easy way to remember Sideroblastic Anemia specifications is just by looking at the first letter "S": one of its causes is B6 (Six) deficiency and also B6 is the main treatment. it is due to ALA-Synthase deficiency( the first letter of Synthase); the other causes is iSoniazide; it could be X-linked( X has S sound); It has Sideroblast and Stippling. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/11/17 1:08 AM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1484 | 389 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL), hypochromic anemia | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-congenital-and-acquired-sideroblastic-anemias | Causes: "also lead, vitamin B6 deficiency..." is confusing. Should be written as "also lead poisoning, vitamin B6 deficiency..." | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/16/17 1:45 PM | Shannon | Yoo | shannon.yoo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1485 | 389 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Hemoglobin | First Aid 2017 | You can remember that fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains by thinking of the "G" in "G"erber baby relating to HbF having 2 Gamma subunits | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Gerber G for Gamma works. -AM | | | | 02/02/17 9:29 PM | Missak | Tchoulhakian | mtchoulhakian@westernu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1486 | 389 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Anatomy | Plasma cell | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.rush.edu/contents/the-development-of-immune-cells-in-the-fetus-and-neonate?source=search_result&search=plasma%20cells%20reside%20in%20peripheral%20lymph%20node%20medulla&selectedTitle=2~150 | It states, "[Plasma cells are] found in bone marrow and normally do not circulate in peripheral blood." This contradicts the statement given on p 92 that states, " [Medulla of lymph node] consists of medullary cords (closely packed lymphocytes and *plasma cells*) and medullary sinuses." The current text may wish to be changed to, "Like B-cells, plasma cells *originate* in bone marrow." May or may not want to repeat where they secrete antibodies from. | Minor erratum | Verified | I think that this one needs to be reviewed in the Immunology chapter and should be changed to read, "closely packed lymphocytes, and plasma cells (when activated)" What does everyone else think? -Scott M | Agree with Scott M. Deals with basics of plasma cells, needs to be reviewed in Immunology section. (Minor errata) Can be considered. Accept. - Tarunpreet D | Ah yes, I see the confusion here (lymph nodes are outside BM). I like Scott's proposition to revise in the Immuno chapter. Please migrate the following to p92 of Immuno->Lymph Node->Medulla: "closely packed lymphocytes, and plasma cells (when activated)" -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/03/17 12:35 PM | Julie R | Bloom | julie.bloom19@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1487 | 389 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Fetal erythropoiesis | N/A | Match 18 years-age of majority with 18 week, so 18 is easy to remember erythropoiesis occurs in bone marrow: 18 to adult (adulthood, begins at 18 years, in many places) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 1:27 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1488 | 389 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Hemoglobin | from Uptodate: HEMOGLOBIN A2 — Approximately 2.5 percent of the hemoglobin in normal red cells is HbA2 (alpha2/delta2). It can be readily separated from Hb A by electrophoresis or ion-exchange chromatography. This minor hemoglobin component is evenly distributed among red cells, and its functional behavior is very similar to that of HbA | a very important high yield missing chain in the figure is delta chain which appears from before birth as shown in the attached image and remains to help in forming Hgb A2 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/22/17 5:06 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1489 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Blood groups | Noted in UWorld, reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11284186, Noted in UptoDate: "Management of non-Rh(D) red blood cell alloantibodies during pregnancy" section: "Alloantibodies that can be associated with HDFN", subsection "ABO". Hyperlink: https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.library.stonybrook.edu/contents/management-of-non-rh-d-red-blood-cell-alloantibodies-during-pregnancy?source=search_result&search=hemolytic%20disease%20of%20the%20newborn%20with%20O%20type&selectedTitle=3~150#H14961890. | For Column "O", Row "Antibodies in Plasma" - the diagram should also indicate the possibility of IgG antibodies to A and B antigens. This can occur in the presence of type O mothers, and can very rarely cause hemolytic disease of the newborn due to preformed maternal Anti A or Anti B IgG antibodies crossing the placenta | Minor erratum | Verified | I believe this topic was heavily discussed last year and was ultimately rejected. I see no reason to change course here. -Matt D | Yes, this is another "yearly" errata special. No change is needed this year. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree | | | | 01/10/17 10:13 PM | Koeun | Choi | koeunchoi93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1490 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Blood groups | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/postnatal-diagnosis-and-management-of-hemolytic-disease-of-the-fetus-and-newborn#H4 | Only IgM is listed under O group in the chart. IgG should also be listed as IgG can develop against fetal blood in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Peter Marks | Completely agree that this should be changed to IgG - I thought that I mentioned this in a proof before this was published, but at least it can get corrected now. | | | | 01/26/17 7:51 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1491 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Anemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7047/ | Diamond-Blackfan anemia should be listed under nonmegaloblastic anemia with alcoholism and liver disease rather than under the megaloblastic anemia section. The NIH article presents it as normocytic or macrocytic, not megaloblastic. In additoin, USMLERx also lists Diamond Blackfan under nonmegaloblastic in the videos. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 02/11/17 12:26 PM | Zaeema | Zafar | zaeemazafar1@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1492 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Blood groups | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/postnatal-diagnosis-and-management-of-hemolytic-disease-of-the-fetus-and-newborn?source=search_result&search=abo+hemolytic+disease+newborn&selectedTitle=1~19 | The text says that Type O blood groups have IgM antibodies to types A and B, but they actually usually have IgG. This is important for explaining that the IgG antibodies can cross into placenta and cause ABO hemolytic disease in the newborn. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. Type O has IgM Anti-A, IgM Anti-B, and IgG Anti-A,B -Scott M | reject, no changes required. Richard G | Scott is right on. Both IgM and IgG are found in pts with type O blood group. The latter is a HY association with HDN on boards (I know I at least saw it in NBME practice tests a couple years ago), but the former is also correct. Actually, now that I'm looking in the book, I don't see the anti-AB IgG listed in the table on 390. Should we add that in? -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 02/28/17 7:51 PM | Vanya | Aggarwal | vanya_aggarwal@gwmail.gwu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1493 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Blood groups | Not needed (First Aid itself) | The Blood Groups chart may have a minor error. Under the “clinical relevance” section for Rh negative, the description reads “Treat mother with anti-D Ig (RhoGAM)…” however in the text below the graph (under Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn), the end of the 4th line read “Administration of anti-d IgG (RhoGAM)”. Therefore, the graph chart description under the “clinical relevance” section for Rh negative blood group chart should be updated to reflect what the text below the graph states (“Treat mother with anti-D IgG (RhoGAM)…”). | Minor erratum | Verified | These are the same thing. No change. -Scott M | disagree, proposed change is redundant. Richard G | Agree w/ authors, no change –AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/15/17 4:41 PM | Akshay | Goswami | GoswamiA@livemail.uthscsa.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1494 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | First Aid 2017 | IgG Goes through placenta | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/07/17 2:13 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1495 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | N/A | To remember that IgG crosses the placenta; think of the G in IgG as standing for Gestation. Additionally, to remember that the fetal blood is Rh+; think of a fetus as an addition to the family. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/07/17 5:18 PM | Spencer | Brodsky | sbrodsky@gwu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1496 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | 1) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974349-overview#a5 2) ROBBINS AND COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE, Ninth Edition p.461 | The initial exposure to Rh antigen evokes the formation of IgM antibodies,that unlike IgG antibodies, do not cross the placenta. Thus, Rh disease is uncommon with the first pregnancy. Exposure during a subsequent pregnancy generally leads to a brisk IgG antibody response and the risk of immune hydrops. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/15/17 2:21 PM | Alexey | Polessky | alexpolessky@mail.ru | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1497 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Blood groups | The information further down the page on "ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn" states: "occurs in a type O mother with a type A or B fetus...maternal anti-A and/or anti-B IgG antibodies may be formed prior... | Blood group table states that plasma antibodies for type O (i.e., anti-A, anti-B) are IgM; it is actually IgG. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 06/30/17 5:02 PM | Rebecca | Oksenhendler | rebecca.oks@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1498 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Blood groups | https://thebloodconnection.org/about-blood/blood-education/blood-types/ab-positive/ | In the blood groups table, O is listed as the universal recipient of plasma. This fact can be explained further to help students understand it better. The O blood group has pre-existing antibodies to A and B antigens however when it receives plasma from any other blood group, the plasma will not contain the antigens and thus this O blood group will not react to the transfused plasma. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/01/17 4:20 PM | Smriti | Singh | smritisingh23@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1499 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | n/a | You refer to "tissue factor" on pg. 391 but then call it "thromboplastin" on pg. 393. There should be consistency or some explanation that they are synonyms. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Fair enough. is there enough space somewhere to put thromboplastin (Tissue Factor) on one of the lines? -Scott M | agree, need to be consistent with out language. Richard G | Yes, we can edit the figure on p391 to include both terms, should let illustrations team know after migrating to annotate. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/13/17 5:40 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1500 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19630774 | The gray arrow extending from thrombin indicating the feedback loop in which it can activate factors V and VIII also extends to the conversion of factor IX to IXa. However, thrombin acts on factor XI and aids in its conversion to XIa, not IX. From the abstract: "Mechanistically, factor XI may be activated by factor XII following contact activation or by thrombin in a feedback activation loop." | Minor erratum | Verified | To clarify, it sounds like this commenter would like a gray arrow going from thrombin to the step inbetween XI and XIa. Going by the commenter's source and William's Hematology image 113-28, I think it is fair to add a gray arrow there. However this fact is not necessary for the errata. It can be included in the 2018 edition if other authors/editors agree. I think we reject for now, re-consider for 2018. -Matt D | Agree with others' assessments. This may be reasonable to consider for 2018, but I would not include it in the official errata. Merits some discussion I suppose. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | The answer here is not straightforward. Thrombin can have activity on various of the clotting factor proteases, including Factor IX. Though making the change might be reasonable, it is not absolutely necessary. | | | | 01/21/17 8:59 PM | Lawangeen | Zeb | lzeb@health.usf.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 1501 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Hemoglobin electrophoresis | uworld step1 id 1470 | Hemoglobin H may be added to the electropheresis ( in alpha thalassemia ,,made of 4 beta )...it migrates even further than hemoglobin A..a mnemonic would be :HoHoHo..A Fat Santa Claus..with H for hemoglobin H | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I love it. Recommend creating another line for hemoglobin H and we can work it up later if we decide to implement this. -Scott M | Fine to have HbH added, I'm ambivalent about the mnemonic though but admittedly it is kinda hilarious. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/28/17 9:41 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1502 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2838713/ | On the diagram, Factor 9 is shown to be activated by thrombin and factor 11a, however, factor 7a is also a potent activator of factor 9 turning it into factor 9a. Recombinant factor 7a drug is highly useful in hemophilia A or B. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Low Yield - Reject - Scott M | disagree, too LY to add. Richard G | Agree with authors. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/20/17 9:00 AM | Vrutant | Patel | v.patel09@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1503 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-inhibitors-of-coagulation | PTT measures all factors ExcePT Factor VII. The E in except is bolded because that represents Extrinsic pathway. The PT is bolded and capitalized because PT measures Factor VII. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too convoluted. -AM | | | | 04/11/17 7:53 AM | Michelle | Trieu | mtrie002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1504 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation cascade components | https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/advanced-hematologic-system/hematologic-system-introduction/v/coagulation-cascade | A great pnemonic to remember the order coagulation factors in the intrinsic coagulation pathway is the word TENEt. T=Twelve, E=Eleven, N=Nine, Et=Eight. | Mnemonic | Verified | Not very good IMO. -Brian B | | | | 04/14/17 8:20 AM | Karim | Merchant | merchantk92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1505 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Hemoglobin electrophoresis | Mnemonic | Order of speeds that hemoglobins travel towards positive "finish line": Crawl, Slow, Fast, Accelerated (CSFA) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. This is a handy tool to remember this information. -Brian B | | | | 04/18/17 7:11 PM | David E. | Ruckle | druckle@llu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1506 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779322-overview#a3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4014837/ | Add to extrinsic pathway “tissue factor pathway inhibitor”(TFPI). It explains the dependence of extrinsic pathway on intrinsic pathway in hemophilia. It is important to know why there is bleeding after injury in a person who have intact extrinsic pathway. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/15/17 4:08 PM | Alexey | Polessky | alexpolessky@mail.ru | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1507 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | None needed. | On the bottom left, LMWH is written out as low-molecular-weight heparin, but there is no clarification for HMWK (high-molecular-weight kininogen). It would be helpful to add what HMWK stands for in the notes on the bottom left of the image. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/18/17 8:49 PM | Timothy | Lee | tlee16@nyit.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1508 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6604770 | Factor XIIa should be linked to the Kinin Cascade and cleave Prekallikrein to Kallikrein. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/22/17 9:07 PM | Rehan | Talibi | rehantalibi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1509 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02792.x/abstract | Factor XIIa should be linked to the Kinin Cascade and cleave Prekallikrein to Kallikrein. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/22/17 9:40 PM | Rehan | Talibi | rehantalibi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1510 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | I came up with it | Factor Seven belongs to Extrinsic pathway. Mnemonic: Se-Ex -- SEX. Se as in Se-ven and Ex as in Ex-trinsic | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/02/17 11:07 AM | Venkat Akhilesh | Thota | Venkat.akhilesh.thota@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1511 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Thrombogenesis | Robbins Basic Pathology | In the coagulation and kinin pathway figure, the gray arrows are pointing from thrombin to factors 5,8,9,13 but in Robbins Chapter 4, thrombin is said to activate factors 5,8, 11 and 13, not factor 9. This is supported in the literaure also | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/27/17 11:10 PM | Jennifer | Shieh | jshieh@luc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1512 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507141/ | In the diagram on this page, it suggests that HWMK activates factor XII yielding XIIa but in actuality it is factor XIIa that " liberates the inflammatory mediator bradykinin (BK) from high molecular weight kininogen (HK) through cleavage by plasma kallikrein (PK)." As a side note, "FXIIa cleaves PK to generate active PK, which in turn reciprocally activates FXII" but HMWK does not activate XII as the diagram suggests. | Minor erratum | | | | 10/27/17 10:32 AM | Lee | Seifer | lseif002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1513 | 392 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation cascade components | FA 2017 | Under "Procoagulation," the last sentence (for the vWF mnemonic) is missing a close parenthesis. Alternatively, the open parenthesis could be turned into a colon. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Add ) - Scott M | agree, simple change. Richard G | Add ) after "cars" -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 2:20 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1514 | 392 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Coagulation cascade components | 1- McNaughton-Smith GA, Burns JF, Stocker JW, Rigdon GC, Creech C, Arrington S, Shelton T, de Franceschi L. 2008. Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease. J Med Chem 51:976–982. 10.1021/jm070663s. 2- Novel inhibitors of the Gardos channel for the treatment of sickle cell disease. McNaughton-Smith GA1, Burns JF, Stocker JW, Rigdon GC, Creech C, Arrington S, Shelton T, de Franceschi L.J Med Chem. 2008 Feb 28;51(4):976-82. doi: 10.1021/jm070663s. Epub 2008 Jan 31. | Gardos channel are abnormally active in sickle cell erythrocytes. Gardos channels are Ca activated K channels. Gardos channels inhibitor prevents K and water efflux from erythrocytes, by this way they inhibit RBCs dehydration and sickling. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | http://sickle.bwh.harvard.edu/clt.html Well, aside from the fact that this client can't seem to get any of the references right except for the fact that it's a Heme/Onc thing, I think it might actually show up on a test. This is about 9 years old and I had no problem finding literature about the Gardos channel. However, even if it does show up on the test, I think it will be rather LY. Maybe we could add in the notes section under sickle cell on page 395 that Gardos channel inhibitors (e.g. clotrimazole) prevent K and water efflux from erythrocytes and oppose sickling. What does everyone else think? -Scott M | Low-yield in my opinion.Not mentioned in major textbooks nor the 2017 NEJM review article on Sickle Cell disease. Cross-reference: 1. Rapid review pathology Jun | Would say likely low yield (agree with general vibe here), but i appreciate the digging on both of your parts. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/16/17 8:36 PM | Shenoda | Abd Elmaseh | shenodayousef3@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1515 | 392 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation cascade components | not needed | In procoagulation , ** vWF carries/protects VIII** can be re-written as " vWF carries/protects factor VIII" . Note that the term 'factor' is added. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 1:05 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1516 | 393 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Thrombogenesis | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/764760_3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19550317 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/714501 | "Clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticlopidine inhibit ADP-induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa via P2Y 12 receptor" can be re-written as "Clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticlopidine inhibit ADP-induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa via irreversibly inactivating P2Y 12 receptor". Note that ,the drugs are irreversibly blocking/inactivating the receptor. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Suggest "Clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticlopidine inhibit ADP-induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa by irreversible inactivation of the P2Y 12 receptor" -Scott M | Agree with the suggestion -Tarunpreet D | Agree with Scott, revise as in his comment. On a separate note (as I skim the fa2017 pdf), the "2" in TXA2 should be subscript I believe, so when migrating please also flag this unrelated thing. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not errata worthy | | | 12/31/16 2:49 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1517 | 393 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Thrombogenesis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/954877-overview | Failure of aggregation with ristocetin assay occurs in von Willebrand disease and Bernard-Soulier syndrome. But it is important to note that " platelets do not aggregate in response to ristocetin EVEN AFTER ADDING NORMAL PLASMA in BERNARD-SOULIER". Please add this point. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. This was on my pathology RISE, and I doubt it would be presented on Step 1. But, because this sort of nuance does show up occasionally, I propose we replace the last paragraph with, "Ristocetin activates vWF to bind GpIb. Hypoaggregation in response to ristocetin and correction with addition of plasma occurs in vWF, but there is no correction in Bernard-Soulier." -Scott M | | | | 12/31/16 3:22 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1518 | 393 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Thrombogenesis | not needed | Primary hemostasis is mentioned in page 393 after coagulation cascade in page 391. I believe, it is better to mention primary hemostasis before the coagulation cascade in order. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I disagree. Reject. Primary and Secondary hemostasis happen separately, but not necessarily sequentially. There are many times when the coagulation cascade is activated, but platelets are not. -Scott M | disagree, as stated, they are two seperate things. Richard G | Agree w/ Scott & Richard. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/31/16 3:27 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1519 | 393 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Thrombogenesis | FA 2017 | The "2" in "TXA2" is not a subscript, unlike how it's printed in the section above it, "Platelet plug formation," steps 3 & 4B. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I found many references with both formats, so really, it doesn't matter. but for the sake of consistency, I recommend changing the TXA2 to a subscript 2. -Scott M | agree, need to be consistent. Richard G | Agree to make subscript "2" -- check throughout the book/chapter to confirm we're consistent, beyond this spot. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/23/17 2:51 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1520 | 393 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Thrombogenesis | N/A | Second sentence: "Aspirin irreversibly... inhibiting TXA2 synthesis." The 2 in TXA2 is not subscripted. | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 02/26/17 5:49 PM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1521 | 393 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Platelet plug formation (primary hemostasis) | N/A | At Exposure: vWf is from Weibel-Palade... bold "W" in both words | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 2:19 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1522 | 393 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Thrombogenesis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3825106/ | With regards to Ristocetin, change, "Failure of aggregation with ristocetin" with "Failure of adhesion with ristocetin" because ristocetin causes increases platelet adhesion | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 10/03/17 2:09 PM | KARANBIR | SINGH | karansingh_21@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1523 | 394 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Pathologic RBC forms | Not needed | A few suggestions for better conceptual organization of this table; 1. Move basophilic stippling to "Other RBC abnormalities" section as it is not a pathologic RBC form but an intracellular rRNA aggregate. 2. Move ringed sideroblast to "Other RBC abnormalities" section, same reasoning 3. Add drepanocyte to sickle cell, and codocyte to target cell (to follow the -cyte nomenclature pattern). 4. Remove hyphen from macro-ovalocyte -> macroovalocyte | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject suggestions 1 and 2, Accept suggestions 3 and 4. Suggestions 1,2 give indication that a pathology is present. I don't think I've ever seen those forms in someone who is totally healthy. Suggestions 3 and 4 are necessary. Great suggestions! -Scott M | Reject 1 and 2, accept 3 and 4 - Tarunpreet D | Sounds good to me (incorporating suggestions 3 & 4) -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/05/17 9:41 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1524 | 394 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Pathologic RBC forms | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-peripheral-blood-smear?source=search_result&search=dacrocytes&selectedTitle=1~25 | Dacrocytes are also seen in thalassemias due to damage to the RBC membrane from removal of excess globin chains by splenic macrophages | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Add "thalassemias" after (e.g. myelofibrosis.) -Scott M | Agree - Tarunpreet D | Sounds good! -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/05/17 2:19 PM | José | López | drjllopez@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1525 | 394 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Pathologic RBC forms | none | Basophilic Stippling on Peripheral Blood Smear (BS on PBS) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 01/19/17 9:51 PM | Sean | Pickthorn | sean.pickthorn@coyotes.usd.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1526 | 395 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Pathologic RBC forms | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia-warm-agglutinins-and-drugs https://pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu/page/autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia | In spherocyte , " drug- and infection-induced hemolytic anemia " can be simply called ** Autoimmune hemolytic anemia** , which is a frequently used term. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 12:59 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1527 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL), hypochromic anemia | not needed | Alpha thalassemia is common in asian and african . Can be remembered as A----Alpha---Asian---African | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 12/31/16 4:46 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1528 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL), hypochromic anemia | https://www.labce.com/spg579129_red_blood_cell_rbc_color_variation.aspx http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HEMEHTML/HEME008.html | In iron deficiency, it is written : "Microcytosis and hypochromasia (central pallor)" . It has to be " increase in central pallor" not just " central pallor". | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | sentence is constructed correctly, central pallor is a parenthetical reference to hypochromasia.--edu | | | | 01/03/17 5:05 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1529 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL), hypochromic anemia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2098635-overview#a2 | In iron deficiency, please add Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is increased. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Great suggestion! One of the important differentiators when diagnosing anemias. Suggest adding, "RDW is increased" after iron on the labs line -Scott M | Agree, add suggestion - Tarunpreet D | Yes, definitely, agree with Scott. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/03/17 5:12 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1530 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Anemias | First Aid 2017 | For α-thalassemia, a way to differentiate Cis and Trans: Cis= China (Asia) and Trans= Tanzania (Africa) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Not a bad way to keep those straight. -AM | | | | 01/05/17 9:44 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1531 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Anemias | http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/42/3/415 https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5429/orotic-aciduria-type-1 | In the classification of Anemia- Megaloblastic, it is mentioned " orotic aciduria". It has to be " hereditary orotic aciduria". | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. In uptodate, it is referred to as "orotic aciduria" -Scott M | disagree, leave as it. Richard G | Per Scott -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/12/17 8:02 AM | Anisha | Adhikari | aneeshameet@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1532 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Anemias | N/A | A stronger mnemonic to remember microcytic anemias: Chronic FeαβLeS (Pronounced “Chronic Fables”): Anemia of Chronic disease, Fe (iron) deficiency (late) [*Could also call it “Chronic Late FeαAβLeS” to distinguish that microcytosis occurs later in IDA], α thalassemia, β thalassemia, Lead poisoning, Sideroblastic anemia *I view this as a stronger mnemonic than “SALTI” because it includes ‘two-letter’ hooks for iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, and lead poisoning instead of ‘one-letter’ hooks in SALTI [SEE ATTACHMENT FOR PROPER FORMATTING] | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Agree that Chronic Fables beats SALTI. -AM | | | | 03/22/17 11:40 AM | Jacob | DiBattista | jacob.dibattista@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1533 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL) anemia | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/macrocytosis-macrocytic-anemia/abstract/23-25 | Alcoholism is classified in the diagram as a NON-MEGALOBASTIC anemia; however alcoholism leads to Folate deficiency which is a Megaloblastic anemia and actually is the real cause of anemia in alcoholism. ALCOHOLISM should be placed in MEGALOBLASTIC column or clarify that it leads to Megaloblastic anemia. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/08/17 10:38 AM | Alex | Esteves | albres_tevez@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1534 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | n/a | Normal iron transport and storage in the body requires ferroPORTin, TRANSFERrin and FERRitin, the mnemonic to help remember these proteins would be "from the PORT its TRANSFERRed to the FERRy" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/06/17 11:49 AM | Javier | Mota | javhimura@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1535 | 397 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL), hypochromic anemia | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-congenital-and-acquired-sideroblastic-anemias https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3815187/ http://www.haematologica.org/content/haematol/98/11/e138.full.pdf | Please include Chloramphenicol and linezolid as the cause of sideroblastic anemia | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Please add chloramphenicol and linezolid after isoniazid. -Scott M | agree, please add these drugs as well. Richard G | OK with adding chloramphenicol. Re: linezolid, we don't highlight anemia specifically in the dedicated fact in micro / adverse effects (mentions bone marrow suppression, particularly thrombocytopenia). Will leave to authors discretion on whether to add it / if it's high-yield enough. No strong preference there. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/31/16 6:35 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1536 | 397 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Microcytic (MCV < 80 fL), hypochromic anemia | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-the-thalassemias | Beta thalassemia major also has increased HbA2 , not only HbF. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. This is an important point on the path boards, and as well as on laboratory scientist exams. This is a common question. -Scott M | agree! this needs to be added, HY fact. Richard G | Probably fine to add. May be a little too detailed for Step 1 (HbF association is higher yield), but will leave to authors' discretion. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/03/17 9:31 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1537 | 397 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL) anemia | Uma | ADAMTS13 (Adam "Calvin Harris" + Taylor Swift, born Dec. 13th) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 02/03/17 1:31 AM | Logan | Danielson | logandanielson@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1538 | 398 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL) anemia | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/xuriden-vistogard-uridine-triacetate-1000048#0 http://ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=971§ionid=62636333&jumpsectionID=62636337 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9710947 https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5429/orotic-aciduria-type-1 | Orotic acidura is better named as " Hereditary orotic aciduria" | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree. Orotic acid in urine can be secondary (e.g. in OTC deficiency), so it may be important to distinguish here that the disease is hereditary. The 2017 edition already notes it is autosomal recessive (and therefore hereditary), but as the commenter's links show, the disease is commonly called "hereditary orotic aciduria." http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/950672-overview -Matt D | Agree with Matt D - Tarunpreet D | Agree, but definitely not an official errata-worthy publication! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree | | | 10 | | 01/01/17 11:01 AM | Hari Prasad | Baral | harrybral@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 1539 | 398 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL) anemia | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/xuriden-vistogard-uridine-triacetate-1000048#0 http://secure.medicalletter.org/w1491g | Treatment of " hereditary orotic aciduria( orotic aciduria)" is "uridine triacetate" | Minor erratum | Verified | Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine writes that treatment is replacement with uridine. I strongly believe step 1 question writers would not go into further details than that. That being said, I am having a hard time finding a source that cites uridine monophosphate specifically as treatment, but I do indeed see uridine triacetate. I think for errata, we can write: "Treatment: uridine triacetate to bypass mutated enzyme." In future additions, I think we can simply write: "Treatment: supplement with uridine to bypass mutated enzyme" so we can avoid unnecessary detail. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5429/orotic-aciduria-type-1#diseaseTreatmentSection -Matt D | Agree. Went snooping and cannot find a uridine monophosphate. Uridine triacetate seems to be the correct choice, UTD confirms this. Overkill to call this major errata, however. It's definitely minor at best, and I reflagged the entry as such. OK to replace "uridine monophosphate" with "uridine triacetate" -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree, uridine triacetate is and FDA approved therapy for this disorder | | For the Orotic aciduria row, under the third column, replace "uridine monophosphate" with "uridine triacetate" as the treatment for the disorder. | | 10 | | 01/01/17 11:17 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 1540 | 398 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL) anemia | not needed | For Folate Deficiency, an easy way to remember no neurological symptoms is Neurologically FOLl (Full). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 01/05/17 10:22 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1541 | 398 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL) anemia | N/A | B12 has two numbers, hence 2 things increase in b12 deficiency: homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. Folate (B9) has one number, hence, only one thing increased in B9 deficiency: Homocysteine. Homocysteine has one word and B9 has one number. That helps to remember it's homocysteine that's increased in B9 deficiency and not methylmalonic acid | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 04/02/17 4:34 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1542 | 398 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Macrocytic (MCV > 100 fL) anemia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204066-overview | For folate deficiency the anemia becomes evident from 3-4 months. For cobalamin deficiency the anemia develops in more than 1 year of b12 deficiency | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/02/17 5:57 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1543 | 398 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | not needed | in the opposite of all the other listed causes, pernicious anemia is the sequela of Mit B12 deficiency | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/21/17 12:24 PM | Maresa Dorothee | Berns | maresa.berns@stud.pmu.ac.at | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1544 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Normocytic, normochromic anemia | not needed | "Increase in unconjugated bilirubin" is mentioned twice. First, under "normocytic normochromic anemia" and again in "intravascular hemolysis".I dont't think , it is necessary to mention same thing twice. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | This is a great catch! We actually have it incorrect. Unconjugated bilirubin is not necessarily found in all cases of normocytic normochromic anemias. Recommend deleting "unconjugated bilirubin" under normochromic normocytic anemia and under intravascular hemolysis, add serum haptoglobin and LDH after unconjugated bilirubin. These tests are much more sensitive than unconjugated bilirubin. -Scott M | Fully agree with Scott. Great catch and great suggestions. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 11:57 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1545 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Normocytic, normochromic anemia | not needed | "Urobilinogen in urine" is mentioned twice. First, under "normocytic normochromic anemia" and again in "intravascular hemolysis".I dont't think , it is necessary to mention same thing twice. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Again, it is not every case of normochromic normocytic anemia that we see urobilinogen in the urine. Remove from the "normochromic normocytic anemia" section and keep in the "intravascular hemolysis" section -Scott M | Scott's suggestion sounds fine to me! -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 11:59 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1546 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Normocytic, normochromic anemia | not needed | urobilinogen is urine is mentioned 2 times , both under extravascular hemolysis and normocytic ,normochromic anemia. i don't think ,it is necessary to mention same thing 2 times under the same hemolysis heading. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 01/01/17 12:07 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1547 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemia | not needed | Hemolytic anemia is mentioned on page 399 followed by nonhemolytic anemia on the same page. On the next page(400) , hemolytic anemia is again continued. It seems practical to finish hemolytic anemia first in the text and then mentioning nonhemolytic anemia afterwards. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree ... it seems that we should just move Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemia up above intravascular hemolysis. We would then make a big section entitled "hemolytic, normocytic anemia" and place Intravscular and extravascular hemolysis sections under that at the end of the page. This will be a perfect lead in to the following two pages. -Scott M | Agree with the change, please incorporate - Tarunpreet D | If I'm understanding correctly, the goal is to swap the two main facts on p399? If that's the case, I agree fully. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 12:31 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1548 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Normocytic, normochromic anemia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-jaundice-caused-by-unconjugated-hyperbilirubinemia-in-children?source=search_result&search=extravascular%20hemolysis%20unconjugated%20bili&selectedTitle=1~136 | Extravascular hemolysis, as opposed to intravascular hemolysis, is associated with increased unconjugated bilirubin. | Major erratum | Staff rejects | ?????????????? | Would reject this one. While it is true that haptoglobin plays a role in rescuing hemoglobin in cases of intravascular hemolysis, it is not uncommon to see jaundice, especially if haptoglobin levels are "overwhelmed" and heme is broken down at increased rates that exceed the liver's capacity to conjugate and excrete it. We also used to state this, but changed it in response to several submissions stating otherwise. I would not change this. Hyperbilirubinemia should be associated with hemolysis, period. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/15/17 8:35 PM | Olive | Tang | otang1@jhmi.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1549 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemia | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.galter.northwestern.edu/contents/image?imageKey=ID%2F83402&topicKey=ID%2F8272&source=outline_link&search=parvovirus%20b19&selectedTitle=1~150 | The aplastic crisis seen in parvovirus B19 infection is a pure red cell aplasia, not an aplastic anemia. A bone marrow biopsy in these patients would show only a lack of red cell precursors. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. Uptodate states that 67% of all patients experience a transient aplastic crisis. It does also cause a pure red cell aplasia, but not always. -Scott M | disagree, its an aplastic crisis, no changes. Richard G | Agree with authors -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 1:46 PM | Josiah | Ballantine | jfanactor@aol.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1550 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Anemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2817016/ | Add inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) as one of the causes of anemia of chronic disease | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/02/17 6:31 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1551 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Anemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3052191/ | Add hepatitis B virus as one of the causes of aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is one the of the extrahepatic manifestations of HBV. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/05/17 12:03 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1552 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemia | http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/23/10/1631.full | Anemia of chronic kidney disease is presented as the same mechanism as anemia of chronic disease. While there is a well recognized role for increased hepcidin in CKD, it is unclear why (and not necessarily due to inflammation). Furthermore, decreased EPO is a separate mechanism for anemia of chronic kidney disease. It should either be presented separately or a note should clarify. | Clarification to current text | | | | 07/26/17 9:19 PM | Shayan | Rakhit | rakhitshayan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1553 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Nonhemolytic, normocytic anemia | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1895381/ | Hepcidin also contributes to Anemia of Chronic disease through inhibition of erythroid progenitor proliferation and survival. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/24/17 1:29 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1554 | 400 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/206107-overview http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-spherocytosis-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment | please mention inheritance of hereditary spherocytosis as " usually autosomal dominant" as it is AD most of the time. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Already added. But, we should change "mostly ... " to "75% autosomal dominant inheritance." -Scott M | disagree, kind of spliting hairs, for step 1 this is adequate. Richard G | Mostly vs. 75% seems like an unnecessary figure for people to memorize. I'd say we're fine as is. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 12:46 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1555 | 400 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207468-overview#a5 | Please mention about membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL, CD59). (impaired synthesis of GPI anchor for decay-accelerating factor that protects RBC membrane from complement) can be re-written as "impaired synthesis of GPI anchor for decay-accelerating factor( CD 55) and membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL, CD59) that protects RBC membrane from complement | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. This is nicely presented, accurate, and does not require any further work up. Recommending these suggestions. I think this person deserves a gift card! -Scott M | agree! Nicely done with the explanation, please add. Richard G | Sounds good! Please migrate the following into the PNH subfact of intrinsic hemolytic anemias by insertion/addition: "impaired synthesis of GPI anchor for decay-accelerating factor (CD55) and membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL, CD59) that protects RBC membrane from complement" -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 1:43 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1556 | 400 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2085814-overview#a2 http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-spherocytosis-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment | In hereditary spherocytosis , osmotic fragility is increased. It is not positive or negative. The interpretation of osmotic fragility test includes " increased osmotic fragility " / " decreased osmotic fragility" | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 8:57 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1557 | 400 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/genetics-and-pathophysiology-of-glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficiency?source=see_link§ionName=Classification+of+G6PD+variants&anchor=H5#H5 | In G6PD deficiency , glutathione level is not decreased , it is due to "decrease in reduced glutathione". Note that, the term ** reduced** has to be mentioned. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 9:12 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1558 | 400 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemia | N/A | Bold the initial "S" in Spherocytosis, skeleton, spectrin, small, spleen, splenomegaly, splenectomy | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 2:26 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1559 | 400 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria/abstract/49 | In PNH, the RBCs are defective in CD55 and CD59. CD59 (MIRL) defends the cell from complement-mediated destruction by kicking off nearly-formed MAC before it can cause a leak. MAC comprises complement proteins C5-C9. Hence a useful tip is: CD59 stops C5-9 (note the similar numerals). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 3:08 AM | Asher Nitin | Chandran | ashernitin@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1560 | 401 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemia | Robbins & Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition, Page 644 | "CHIL 'EM": Cold agglutination seen in: CMV, HIV, Influenza, Lymphoid neoplasms, EBV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Also IgM) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Excessive. Current mnemonic is fine. -AM | | | | 01/14/17 9:04 PM | Matthew | Fata | mfata27@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1561 | 401 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemia | Robbins & Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition, Page 644 | "CHIL 'EM": Cold agglutination seen in: CMV, HIV, Influenza, Lymphoid neoplasms, EBV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Also IgM) | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | 01/14/17 9:19 PM | Matthew | Fata | mfata27@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1562 | 401 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemia | ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15794868 | HCV is associated with cryoglobulins | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Recommend adding "HCV is associated with cryoglobulins" after MMMiserable, before RBC agglutinates. -Scott M | agree, please add this into text. Richard G | Yes I recall learning this for Step 1. Fine to add as proposed by Scott (see his box) -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/26/17 7:44 PM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1563 | 401 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Multiple myeloma | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-cryoglobulins-and-cryoglobulinemia | Multiple myeloma is associated with cryoglobulins | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/13/17 11:38 AM | Grace | Sollender | grace.e.sollender.med@dartmouth.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1564 | 401 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135327-overview#a3 (Under "Modulation of agglutinin production") | Under the (+) result column in the direct vs. indirect Coombs test figure, both figures show the Fc portion of a reagent antibody binding to the Fc portion of a patient component antibody. Antibodies do not bind Fc–Fc, only Fab–Fc in this case. (Circled antibody pairs in the attached image) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/19/17 9:30 PM | Cedric | T | cthiel@llu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1565 | 401 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemia | None needed | I like to remember the aspects of cold hemolytic anemia by remembering "Cold, Complement, aCute" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/08/17 11:45 AM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@Yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1566 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Lab values in anemia | FirstAid 2017 page 397, Sideroblastic anemia section | Add Sideroblastic Anemia section to the table with the following parameters: Serum Iron: Increased, Transferrin or TIBC: NL/Decreased, Ferritin: Increased, %Transferrin saturation (serum iron/TIBC): Increased | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. This is basically the same as Hemochromatosis. It will cause more confusion if it is added. -Scott M | reject, redundant, no changes needed. Richard G | Per authors -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/15/17 7:15 PM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1567 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukopenias | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucocorticoid-effects-on-the-immune-system | Text says "Corticosteroids (decrease arrow sign) activation of neutrophil adhesion molecules, impairing migration out of the vasculature to the sites of inflammation". Because corticosteroids decrease activation of neutrophil adhesion molecules, corticosteroids actually promote (rather than impair) migration out of the vasculature since it prevents the adhesion of these normally marginated pools of neutrophils. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Per submitter's request | As per expert and submitter request. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Do not agree with erratum. Text appears to be correct. Corticosteroids downregulate adhesion molecules and decrease migration of neutrophils from vasculature | | | | 01/27/17 4:36 PM | Peter | Shaw | petershawco@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1568 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukopenias | Pathoma (2016) page 54, top of the page. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267167/ | (Please disregard my previous submission of "minor errata" on this topic). The text says "Corticosteroids (decrease arrow sign) activation of neutrophil adhesion molecules, impairing migration out of the vasculature to sites of inflammation." It is also notable that the reduced leukocyte adhesion leads to the release of a marginated pool of neutrophils, which also enhances the neutrophilia. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think that this could be a good addition to the book. I'm up for being dissuaded though. I recommend that we add "Reduced leukocyte adhesion leads to demargination and subsequent neutrophilia." after inflammation and before In contrast. -Scott M | agree, this needs to be added, always a classic question to ask! Richard G | This is HY corticosteroid association, I'm surprised we didn't mention it explicitly already. Agree with Scott's provided wording. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/27/17 5:12 PM | Peter | Shaw | petershawco@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1569 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukopenias | FA 2017 | Remove periods at the end of "Absolute neutrophil count < 1500 cells/mm3." & "Severe infections typical when < 500 cells/mm3." in the "Neutropenia" row to maintain formatting consistency. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | 02/23/17 4:08 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1570 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | Dictionary | It says "Acute Myelogenous Leukemiaa" probably should remove the extra A at the end of leukemia | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Don't see this in print | | | | 04/03/17 12:05 PM | Supreetha | Gubbala | supreethag@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1571 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukopenias | not needed | In lymphopenia , " the superscript *a* is mentioned afer comma (,) in corticosteroids. It has to be before comma. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 8:44 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1572 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | This is the answer to a question in NBME exam (Form 15). Reference for the disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778311/ | In causes for neutropenia, add Kostmann Syndrome (congenital neutropenia; caused by mutation in G6PC3). This can also be added to the 'immunodifficiencies' section on page 112,113 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/16/17 3:41 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1573 | 403 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | First Aid 2017 | For Porphyria cutanea tarda, an easy way remember the urine color is "cuTanEA" and "TEA." | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Awkward. -AM | | | | 01/15/17 8:51 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1574 | 403 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | https://www-uptodate-com.libux.utmb.edu/contents/porphyria-cutanea-tarda-and-hepatoerythropoietic-porphyria-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=porphyria%20cutanea%20tarda&selectedTitle=1~58 | only ~20% cases of porphyria cutanea tarda are caused by autosomal dominant mutations (may be a bit misleading)--> the majority of cases are acquired/sporadic | Minor erratum | Verified | Accept. In uptodate is states that there is variable penetrance and I believe that we should emphasize that. Recommend stating "autosomal dominant mutation with low penetrance" in the first column and in the third column, stating that "patients often have no relatives with PCT." -Scott M | agree, we can add what Scott suggested, should clear things up. Richard G | This is similar to another comment on PCT (right below in my report). The two proposed revisions we have are: Column 1: "autosomal dominant mutation with low penetrance" Column 3: "patients often have no relatives with PCT." and Column 1: "Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (most commonly sporadic; less commonly due to autosomal dominant mutation)" I'd be in favor of the first set of revisions out of brevity, but am open to either. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/05/17 9:47 PM | Alyssa | Domingue | alyssagd15@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1575 | 403 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1103643-overview?pa=S0fqFf3lvzniaU5Ggp1Ro1PWfSQmOuA8eaTQ68pBmq7Nx68KiLQ8O3oHXFA13B5y9D%2BanXA8g6ICv0n39Y%2BaS0xC9zmzCjyU7QCit114qA8%3D | The book points out that the affected enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase is from an autosomal dominant mutation. It's worth mentioning that most cases are actually sporadic. The inherited (autosomal dominant) form makes up only 20% of cases. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, I recall that this was discussed before. I suggest "Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (most commonly sporadic; less commonly due to autosomal dominant mutation)" Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice, Chapter 36, 457-472.e5 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/porphyria-cutanea-tarda-and-hepatoerythropoietic-porphyria-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=pct&selectedTitle=1~35#H138282 | Accept - Tarunpreet D | This is similar to another comment on PCT (right above in my report). The two proposed revisions we have are: Column 1: "autosomal dominant mutation with low penetrance" Column 3: "patients often have no relatives with PCT." and Column 1: "Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (most commonly sporadic; less commonly due to autosomal dominant mutation)" I'd be in favor of the first set of revisions out of brevity, but am open to either. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 6:47 PM | Luke | He | lghz58@mail.umkc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1576 | 403 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | First Aid 2017 | To remember the enzymes of heme synthesis in order ---> ALAS (ALAS) ALADdin (ALAD) POuRs the DAMN (porphorobilinogen deaminase) UnCARBOnated (uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase) Flat (ferrochelatase) soda away. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/21/17 1:23 PM | Clare | Edwards | cledwards@augusta.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1577 | 403 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | None needed | To remember how Porphyria cutanea tarda presents, think "Tarda, Tea, Tan, cuTaneous sensitivity"; the "tea" is for tea-colored urine and "tan" is for hyperpigmentation | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/08/17 11:50 AM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1578 | 403 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | uWorld | Please include the association of porphyria cutanea tarda with chronic Hep C infection. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/30/17 1:14 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1579 | 404 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Coagulation disorders | not needed | Increase in PTT is already mentioned as a whole in hemophilia as it increases in all hemophilia. It is again mentioned separately in hemophilia A, B , C separately.I don't think, it is necessary to mention it twice | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. I think it is necessary to mention twice because we are showing the difference between Hemophilias and Vit K deficiency. What I don't see as necessary is the "Defect --> increased PTT" that is just sitting there at the end of the sentence when the exact same thing is stated just below in the mechanism and comments section. Recommend removal of "Defect --> increased PTT". -Scott M | Reject change. However, remove "Defect --> increased PTT" - Tarunpreet D | Implement suggestion per authors, marking as prelim accept so it doesn't get lost but when you've migrated that bit, can change to "Reject by authors/editor" -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 2:14 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1580 | 404 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Coagulation disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779322-treatment#d10 | Please add the fact that desmopressin stimulates transient increase in factor VIII. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. This is mentioned on page 406 in von Willebrand Disease. We should add after the Treatment sentence, "and stimulates a transient increase in factor VIII." -Scott M | disagree, MOA is given in next pages. Richard G | Agree with authors -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 2:17 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1581 | 404 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Coagulation disorders | not needed | To remember "vitamin k dependent factors" , " diSCo started in 1972" , diSCo= factor S &C, 1972= clotting factors | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not straightforward enough. -AM | | | | 01/02/17 2:21 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1582 | 404 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Coagulation disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/126354-overview https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886607 | Under vitamin K deficiency, please add some major causes of this deficiency. For example, newborns (due to lack of intestinal colonization), long term antibiotic therapy (kills of natural gut flora), malnutrition (lack of fat soluble vitamin absorption). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Recommend adding, "(e.g. lack of intestinal colonization in newborns, longterm antibiotic therapy, malnutrition, etc.)" after the line "decreased activity of factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, and protein S." -Scott M | agree, classic USMLE scenario [giving abx, etc]. Richard G | Yes, this is HY, would add a bit about Vit K deficiency etiologies. Edited Scott's proposed wording a bit to confirm with FA style, please migrate below in the spot he cited: "(eg, lack of intestinal colonization in newborns, longterm antibiotic therapy, malnutrition)" -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/14/17 6:53 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1583 | 404 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Coagulation disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/factor-xi-deficiency#H25 | For treatment of Hemophilia C, there is no recombinant factor XI concentrate available. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is the standard treatment. | Minor erratum | Verified | LY erratum. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Well, if this is truly an error I would say it's worth addressing, even if low-yield. Could say "factor 11 concentrate or FFP" perhaps. The important things with hemophilias are knowing 1) which factor/pathway is affected and 2) resulting changes in coag labs, but I suppose we should be accurate with treatment too since it's mentioned. Migrate change to annotate with uptodate link and tag for faculty to confirm. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 04/24/17 4:36 PM | Alanna | Hickey | alanna.hickey@umassmed.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1584 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Platelet disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/206598-overview#a5 http://cursoenarm.net/UPTODATE/contents/mobipreview.htm?36/49/37648?source=see_link | As mentioned there HUS and TTP has similar clinical presentation. But, it is important to note their differences too. HUS typically has more severe renal manifestations and TTP with more neurological manifestations. There is also TTP-HUS ,term used for clinical manifestations in between. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Recommend changing "with a similar clinical presentation" to "with similar clinical presentation, but more severe renal manifestations and less severe neurologic symptoms than TTP. Treatment: plasmapheresis." -Scott M | agree, very good to add this distinction as these are a source of confusion as to which is which for students. Richard G | The way I was taught to remember the distinction between TTP and HUS is that HUS has a triad (anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal dz) and TTP has a pentad (HUS + fever & neuro changes). I don't believe the formal definition / classic presentation of HUS involves neurologic changes (correct me if I'm wrong), so I wouldn't want any mention of that to confuse students (by saying "less severe neurologic symptoms"...) What I actually might recommend would be to delete the last line in the HUS fact and just leave "Treatment: plasmapharesis" but then in the TTP fact perhaps incorporate the memory device I cited above, so people think of TTP as "HUS + extra stuff" rather than remembering what HUS "isn't" per se. Let me know if you have any questions on that. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 4:15 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1585 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Platelet disorders | not needed | For Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Adam(ADAMts 13) likes to chop wood(vWf or pronounce vonWOODebrand). No Adam→ time to CRAFT(CNS symptoms, Renal symptoms, microangiopathic hemolytic Anemia, Fever, Thrombocytopenia) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Not bad way to connect mechanism with clinical presentation. -AM | | | | 01/09/17 10:35 AM | Gilberto | Aquino | gilberto_1902@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1586 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Platelet disorders | This is from Dr. Sattar's (Pathoma) video on this subject. | Bernard-Soulier syndrome presents with large platelets, i.e., Big Suckers. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple, straightforward. -AM | | | | 02/27/17 5:18 PM | Solomon | Levin | znlevin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1587 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Platelet disorders | n/a | Mneumonic for remembering the famous pentad of TTP: FAT RN = Fever, Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia), Thrombocytopenia, Renal sx, Neuro sx | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above mnemonic, likely better. -AM | | | | 03/06/17 4:20 PM | Hollis | Johanson | hollisjohanson@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1588 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Platelet disorders | N/A | I'd suggest switching the location of HUS and ITP. ITP is similar to Glanzmann in that they both affect GpIIb/IIIa, and HUS-TTP should go together. It's a very minor point, but it helps conceptualize the pairs and their differences better. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. A similar case could be made for TTP and ITP as they are both thrombocytopenic conditions. Not a HY change - Tarunpreet D | They are listed alphabetically, which is usual First Aid style. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/21/17 1:42 PM | Shantan | Cheemerla | cshantan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1589 | 406 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders | mnemonic, not new information, just a way to help remember more intuitively | Direct factor Xa inhibitors: Api-Xa-ban and Rivaro-Xa-ban | Mnemonic | Verified | Already in FA. -AM | | | | 01/23/17 4:23 PM | Daniel | Sherwood | danieljswood@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1590 | 406 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders | http://www.stanfordlab.com/esoteric/test-fibrin-degradation-products.html | For DIC, text suggests that D-Dimers and fibrin degradation products are the same thing. It is my understanding that they aren't. Fibrin degradation products can also include serum-bound degradation of fibrinogen. D-dimer is only from clot-bound degradation of fibrin | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. D-dimers are cross-linked fibrin-linked degradation products (FDPs). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864025 - Tarunpreet Dhaliwal | Is this terminology distinction super important? In my experience at least, some attendings & residents I've worked with call "D-dimers" "FDPs" and vice-versa. Perhaps ask faculty to comment on whether this distinction is prudent -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 04/26/17 11:07 AM | Terence | Potter | tpotter49818@med.lecom.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1591 | 406 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/ajh.24222/asset/ajh24222.pdf;jsessionid=D8435C6F6521D3378FDD1296C1C69E26.f03t03?v=1&t=j3g80lu5&s=5d39920ec24535bf4e3eef27351421ff158ed928 | There is a missense mutation from arginine to glutamine in Factor V Leiden, not glutamine to arginine. Activated protein C cleaves factor Va at conserved arginine (R) residues to inhibit coagulation. In factor Va, these are R306, R506, and less importantly, R679. The molecular basis of Factor V Leiden is a missense mutation in the factor V gene at G1691A, resulting in R506 being changed to glutamine (R506Q). | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/02/17 3:36 PM | Dr. Mark | Unciano MD | unciano2@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1592 | 406 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3262353/ | OCPs can be used to manage menorrhagia in von Willebrand disease | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/24/17 2:56 PM | Camilo José | Albert | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1593 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000575.htm | Please add a small note on " Leukemoid reaction" which is often tested on exams. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Add under Leukemia a section entitled "Leukemoid Reaction" in the first column. In the remaining columns put, "When the total WBC reaches >50,000/uL in cases other than leukemia, the condition is called a leukemoid reaction." -Scott M | agree, very good catch and good thing to add! Richard G | Yes, certainly worthwhile to add. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/31/16 3:43 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1594 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/203399-overview#a4 | It is written that , Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with EBV but many Non-hodgkin lymphoma ( eg: burkitt lymphoma, CNS lymphoma)is also associated with EBV. So, the difference is not that significant to mention. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. When things are associated with something, they are important to mention. This may not be a significantly differentiating fact, but it still could very well be a question. -Scott M | disagree, no changes required, txt is fine. Richard G | Agree with authors -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 6:56 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1595 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | ADP receptor inhibitors | Please see diagram + text on page 599: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/74/4/74_CJ-09-0982/_pdf | Mechanism currently stated as "prevent expression of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on platelet surface" In fact, recent research has shown that the receptors are actually ALWAYS there, and that ADP signaling activates them. The text would more accurately read "Prevents activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on platelet surface." | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 02/01/17 9:25 PM | Cody | Couperus | Cody.Couperus@med.uvm.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1596 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://www-uptodate-com.lecomlrc.lecom.edu/contents/clinical-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-non-hodgkin-lymphoma?source=search_result&search=non%20hodgkins%20lymphoma&selectedTitle=1~150 | NON-Hodgkin lymphoma has NON-contiguous spread | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Vague. -AM | | | | 02/01/17 9:32 PM | Alexander | Yevtukh | alex.yevtukh@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1597 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Blood transfusion therapy | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/779322-overview | The current issue states that cryoprecipitate is used clinically in blood transfusion therapy for "coagulation factor deficiencies involving fibrinogen and factor VIII" (also known as Hemophilia A). Research shows that the first line treatment for factor VIII deficiency is actually factor VIII concentrates, not cryoprecipitate. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. True. But in the real world, I give them whatever I have. Both are proven to work. For Step 1, you just need to know that if they're short on factor VIII, give them FVIII and cryo just happens to be VERY rich in FVIII. - Scott M | disagree, no changes needed, for USMLE purposes, text is fine. Richard G | Agree with authors -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/27/17 9:27 PM | Lauren | Beasley | labeasley@augusta.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1598 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma | N/A | non Hodgkin's non "better" prognosis | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 05/25/17 2:30 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1599 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Hodgkin lymphoma | Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9e (Robbins Pathology) page 607, http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.1043/2010-0207-OA.1?code=coap-site | Rearrangement of the 4 types of Hodgin's Lymphomas (currently it is 1,3,2,4) + the 5th type which is omitted. type 1 Nodular Sclerosis, 2 Mixed Cellularity, 3 Lymphocyte Rich, 4 Lymphocyte Depleted, and 5 Lymphocyte Predominance. Also, type 5 is CD 20/45 positive and CD 15/30 negative with 'popcorn' cell RS variant. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/14/17 10:57 PM | Justin | Martin-Whitlock | jmwhitlock1@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1600 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1447602-overview#a4 | Virtually all patients with endemic burkitt lymphoma are EBV positive, whereas only about 20% of sporadic (sBL) cases are associated with EBV. So, it is necessary to mention this difference where it is written " associated with EBV". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Recommend replacing "Associated with EBV" with "Endemic form is associated with EBV, but the sporadic type is only associated 20% of the time." -Scott M | agree, needs to be edited to avoid misleading data. Richard G | Not sure if the 20% figure is important specifically, but the way Scott has proposed revising it seems appropriate and prudent to me. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 6:28 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1601 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | non | Follicular Lymphoma Folluctuates/fluctuates (in regard to the "waxing and waning" lymphadenopathy) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 01/18/17 5:09 AM | Eitan | Fleischman | fleische@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1602 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | Any genetics reference; http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Anomalies/MarginalZoneBID2078.html | In the row for "Marginal zone lymphoma", under the "Genetics" column, the text says, "t(11,18)" when it should be "t(11;18)" -- semicolon, not a colon. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate | | | | 01/22/17 8:44 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1603 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemia vs lymphoma | First Aide 2016 | Baker is L8 if he starts at 14:00. (B in Baker for Burkitt L for Lymphoma, 8 and 14 for translocation) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too convoluted. -AM | | | | 04/09/17 8:42 PM | Tiago | Martins, MS-II | tmartins2@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1604 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22257/ | Burkitt lymphoma can be re-written as " 8urkitt 1ymphom4" to remember (8;14) translocation | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Awkward. -AM | | | | 04/14/17 6:41 PM | Giancarlo | Saldana | gsalda10@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1605 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Cancer epidemiology | http://reference.medscape.com/refarticle-srch/203085-overview | “I put my Cyclin D1 trophy on the Mantle” - for Mantle cell Lymphoma | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -AM | | | | 04/29/17 1:01 PM | Nathan | Albrecht | nalbrecht@auburn.vcom.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1606 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/mycosis-fungoides-treatment-pdq | Sezary Syndrome is T-Cell Lymphoma not T-Cell Leukemia. Found under comments in the Mycosis Fungoides/ Sezary Syndrome column. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/01/17 4:19 PM | Ravi | Jagani | ravijagani96@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1607 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | First Aid 2017 | Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Old and Odd: Elderly males (old); translocation of cyclin D1 on chromosome 11 and CD5+ cells (odd) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple, works. -AM | | | | 05/07/17 11:49 AM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1608 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | Not needed. | Easy way to remember the order of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma's (B cells); "Boys Don't Fly, Men Must Propel." | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Not bad. -AM | | | | 05/15/17 10:38 PM | lydia | robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1609 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-pathologic-features-and-diagnosis-of-adult-t-cell-leukemia-lymphoma, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18377598 | Please add that rash is often a distinguishing feature in Adult T-Cell Lymphoma. This is extremely high-yield because it can often present similar to Multiple Myeloma (lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia), but rash is unique to ATLL. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/04/17 9:08 PM | Scott | Shuldiner | shuldiner@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1610 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | N/A | rewrite "burkitt lymphoma" as "burSKYtt" to remember of starry sky appearance | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/10/17 11:17 PM | Julienne | Sanchez | spjulie8@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1611 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-t-lymphotropic-virus-type-i-virology-pathogenesis-and-epidemiology | For Adult T cell Lymphoma, use the mnemonic HTLV: Hypercalcemia, T Cells, Lytic bone lesions, iV drug use. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/09/17 8:35 AM | Ritu | Chakrabarti | ritu.chakrabarti@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1612 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.medlib.uits.iu.edu/contents/pathobiology-of-diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma-and-primary-mediastinal-large-b-cell-lymphoma?source=see_link§ionName=CELL%20OF%20ORIGIN&anchor=H2#H13 | This is a useful mnemonic for translocations associated with non-Hodgkins Lymphoma | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/21/17 2:33 PM | ANDREWS | ADJAPONG | aadjapon@iu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1613 | 409 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Myelodysplastic syndromes | First Aid 2017 | An easy way to remember that a Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly has bilobed nuclei is to change it to Pseudo-Pelger-"Duet" (2 for bilobed). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 01/06/17 1:27 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1614 | 409 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Myelodysplastic syndromes | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Hypogranular_neutrophil_with_a_pseudo-Pelger-Huet_nucleus_in_MDS.jpg | Although Pseudo-Pelger Huet Anomaly is described, it would be better if there was a histological image of it. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/11/17 12:40 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1615 | 409 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Multiple myeloma | UWorld | First Aid states that bone marrow with greater 10% monoclonal plasma cells is diagnostic for multiple myeloma; however, UWorld states that a bone marrow sample with greater than 30% plasma cells is diagnostic | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/29/17 6:37 PM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1616 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/123/1/70?sso-checked=true | "T cell ALL can present as a mediastinal mass > SVC syndrome. Associated with Downs Syndrome" .. Down's Syndrome is associated with B-cell subtype ALL not T-cell subtype. | Minor erratum | Verified | Firstly, this fact is on page 410, not 402. I agree. As written, I believe the intention was to write that ALL is associated with Down Syndrome. But due to the prior sentence, the context makes it sound like T-Cell is specifically associated with Down Syndrome. To clarify, change sentence to "B-cell ALL associated with Down syndrome." http://www.haematologica.org/content/95/7/1043 -Matt D | Fixed page number. Agree with Matt D's proposed change, as written, it seems to imply a T-cell association, when in fact B-cell is correct. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree that this should be B-cell ALL | | Under the Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma entry, please replace "Associated with Down syndrome." with: "B-cell ALL associated with Down syndrome." | | 10 | | 12/27/16 4:37 PM | Omar | Abdelrahim Alawadi | omaralawadi@rcsi.ie | | | ||||||||
| 1617 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | First Aid 2017 | An easy way to memorize TRAP for Hairy Cell Leukemia is "TRAPped in HAIR" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Edited, see "big spleen trapped in hairy fibers". -AM | | | | 01/06/17 5:36 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1618 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | n/a | Adding to another mnemonic someone submitted: Trapped in Hair Fibers (to remember TRAP and marrow fibrosis in hairy cell leukemia) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Edited, see "big spleen trapped in hairy fibers". -AM | | | | 01/18/17 6:11 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1619 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | n/a | To remember the basophilia associated with CML: Bagelphiliac's need Philadelphia CreaML cheese | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Awkward. -AM | | | | 01/19/17 7:10 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1620 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | It's a mnemonic | Big spleen caught in a Hairy TRAP (Hairy Cell Leukemia, TRAP test +, splenomegaly) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Potential combined mnemonic: "big spleen trapped in hairy fibers"? | | | | 03/07/17 1:24 AM | Rajat | Dhand | rajatdhand@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1621 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | N/A | Our (Auer) Apple (APL) computers come in 15 and 17 inches (t(15;17) with retina (all-trans retinoic acid) screens. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Contains most features quite nicely. -AM | | | | 03/20/17 3:42 PM | Yoongi | Tom | yoongi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1622 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | https://www-uptodate-com.medjournal.hmc.psu.edu:2200/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia | The presence of a greater percent of myelocytes than metamyelocytes is called a "myelocyte bulge" and is a characteristic feature of CML, along with basophilia, which I have found to be helpful. Adding the phase "myelocytic bulge" to the text might help. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | More important than the myelocyte bulge is the low LAP score in CML. Recommend adding "presence more myelocytes than the more mature metamyelocytes, called the myelocyte bulge" after the LAP score sentence. -Scott M | agree with Scott, this would be a good addition to the text. Richard G | | | | 04/09/17 10:10 AM | John | Coda | jecoda15@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1623 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | First Aide 2016 | ALL GOOD 12 year olds can't wait to be 21. (ALL - Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, GOOD - good prognosis, 12 and 21 for translocation) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 04/09/17 8:39 PM | Tiago | Martins, MS-II | tmartins2@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1624 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | First Aid 2017 | Hairy Cell Leukemia: TRAP (TRAP+) the Hairy BEAST and be clad (glad). BEAST: B-cell tumor, Empty marrow (pancytopenia), Appears fuzzy on LM, Splenomegaly, TRAP+. Treatment with clad(glad)ribine | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/07/17 12:47 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1625 | 410 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15241337 | Mastocytosis: associated with urticaria pigments divided into 3 categories: Cutaneous mastocytosis (seen in Children and regresses over time), Systemic Mastocystosis- myeloproliferative disorder; Clonal proliferation of mast cell associated with a KIT mutation; >1 organs involved, usually skin and bone marrow, 3. Localized Mast cell Neoplasms- Benign (mastocytoma) Malignant (mastosarcoma) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This belongs in the Musculoskeletal/Skin/Connective Tissue chapter I think. -Scott M | agreed, this shouldnt be here. Richard G | Retagged for MSK chapter, once they see this all of our comments can be delete/replaced -AZ | | | | 01/30/17 9:14 PM | Jay | Patel | drjayjpatelmd@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1626 | 411 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Chronic myeloproliferative disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204714-overview#a6 | " Associated with V617F JAK2 mutation". It has to be "Associated with V617F JAK2 mutation, except CML" | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree: "dependent on the nature of the JAK2 V617F positive stem cell, the patient presents with either polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, or primary myelofibrosis" http://www.haematologica.org/content/96/3/450 This fact is already noted in the table on pg 411 under the heading JAK2 mutations, but we can further clarify in the text. For errata and 2018: "Associated with V617F JAK2 mutation, with the exception of CML." -Matt D | Agree with feedback, JAK2 does not have the association with CML, unlike the other two disorders. Would change to: "Associated with V617F JAK2 mutation, with the exception of CML." -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree | | At the top of the page, please replace "Associated with V617F JAK2 mutation." to: "Associated with V617F JAK2 mutation, with the exception of CML." [ed note: needs italics added to final document] | | 10 | | 01/02/17 11:45 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 1627 | 411 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Chronic myeloproliferative disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204714-overview | Ruxolitinib is also used to treat Myelofibrosis, not only polycythemia vera. " In November 2011, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib (Jakafi), became the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drug for patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis." | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. This is the ONLY chemotherapeutic agent approved for use in myelofibrosis. Recommend inserting, "Treatment: Ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor." after "... is a dry tap." -Scott M | Accept/reject at author's discretion. I consider this LY, questions on Step 1 seem to focus more on Pathology of Heme/Onc disorders. If anything, this would be a good fact for Step 2, but not Step 1 - Tarunpreet D | | | | 01/02/17 11:54 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1628 | 411 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Polycythemia | Not needed | I would recommend highlighting with red the arrow that refers to the primary disturbance (eg increased EPO in absolute polycythemia) as you have done with previous similar diagrams | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Seems like a very minor change, but making the arrow red might actually improve recognition of the fact. I don't know if it's necessary, but it might help someone. I don't mind if we change it or keep it the same. -Scott M | Agree with the minor change - Tarunpreet D | I don't think it's FA style to red/bold arrows in the main text that aren't a part of a mnemonic, we just use bold for things that are crucial to distinguish. Unless you're talking about image A for PV, which I don't see any arrows in right now. So, I might need some redirecting, but am inclined to not accept if it's just making the arrows in the text red -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/25/17 1:31 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1629 | 411 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Polycythemia | N/A | At Polycythemia vera, when use the abbreviation PCV, first: it is unnecessary, it's possible delete "in PCV" without comprehension affectation, second: PCV don't appears in Abbreviations and symbols section. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 2:08 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1630 | 412 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vestibular-schwannoma-acoustic-neuroma?source=search_result&search=schwannoma&selectedTitle=1~74#H3 | S-100 is not a marker of mesodermal origin. It is actually better to associate it with neural crest, since it is (Step 1 testably) diagnostic in Schwannoma, melanoma, and neuroblastoma, although it is positive in many sarcomas as well. | Major erratum | Verified | Yeah, that's totally false in our book. S-100 is a neural crest marker and you would follow that up with a CD1a. Strongly recommend changing (mesodermal origin) to (neural crest origin) Here's my reference. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652534 -Scott M | Agree. Accept change - Tarunpreet D | Agree with authors, accept -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/22/17 11:03 AM | Jacob | Britt | jpbritt@uab.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1631 | 412 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-pathologic-features-and-diagnosis-of-langerhans-cell-histiocytosis?source=search_result&search=Langerhans%20cell%20%20histiocytosis&selectedTitle=1~132#H452648797 | FA：Collective group of proliferative disorders of dendritic (Langerhans) cells. UpToDate:PATHOGENESIS — LCH is so named because of a presumed derivation from the morphologically similar Langerhans cells, which are specialized dendritic cells found in the skin and mucosa. However, gene expression array data have shown that the skin Langerhans cell is not the cell of origin for LCH. Rather, it is a myeloid dendritic cell that expresses the same antigens (CD1a, CD207) as the skin Langerhans cell. Peripheral monocytes found in normal blood can differentiate into macrophages and interstitial dendritic cells that may travel through lymphatics to draining lymph nodes. There are probably two populations of circulating myeloid dendritic cells that can differentiate into committed dendritic cells. Expression array results support the notion that one of these could become the pathologic dendritic cell in LCH [17]. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/08/17 11:38 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1632 | 412 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | Mnemonic | To remember that a t(14;18) involves Bcl-2, "Bcl-2" can be written as "8c1-2", where the 8 and 1 look like a B and l. Alternatively, the B and l could be highlighted in red with the same effect. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Confusing. -AM | | | | 05/14/17 9:32 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1633 | 412 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | Mnemonic | Remember c-MYC as the oncogene for Burkitt lymphoma by "See Mike (c-MYC), you broke it (Burkitt)". | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 05/14/17 9:43 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1634 | 412 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Chromosomal translocations | Page 408 of First Aid 2017 edition, Genetics of Marginal zone lymphoma. | It is better to add the "t(11,18)" is associated with "Marginal zone lymphoma" in the table about Chromosomal Translocations. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/16/17 7:51 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1635 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin | FA 2017 | Have better bioavailability and 2–4× longer half life than unfractionated heparin; can have better bioavailability, and 2–4 times longer half life. Just delete the second sentence because it is repeated | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. -CD | | | | 12/29/16 3:38 PM | Mohammad | Zmaili | mohd.z1992@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1636 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Direct thrombin inhibitors | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-treatment#d1 | In direct thrombin inhibitors , it is written that they " Can be used in HIT" but,Dabigatran is not approved for HIT. | Minor erratum | Verified | Dabigatran CAN be used in HIT, even if it is not traditionally used for that purpose. I think we should reject, as adding any modifying words will just make the text too bulky. -Matt D | Reject. While argatroban is the most commonly used agent in this drug class for HIT (being parenteral), there is no reason why others could not be used. I don't think adding a clarification is necessary - the high-yield point is that these are acceptable HIT agents. The test will likely always refer to argatroban (or just the drug class) in testing this. No change. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Although it is true that dabigitran is not approved for HIT, the statement that direct thrombin inhibitors can be used in HIT is not untrue. This is a clarification that can be made if the editors feel that it is necessary - that parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors (argatroban) can be used in HIT. | | | | 01/04/17 3:00 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1637 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/heparin-and-lmw-heparin-dosing-and-adverse-effects#H3 http://sinalib.ir/uptodate/contents/mobipreview.htm?39/34/40489?source=see_link#F178714 | Please mention "Potentiates the action of antithrombin III" in the mechanism of heparin. This fact is frequently tested but it is not mentioned there. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Please add ",Potentiates ATIII" after "Lowers the activity of thrombin and factor Xa" and before the period. -Scott M | Agree - Tarunpreet D | Yes, this is HY. Agree with authors. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/05/17 12:57 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1638 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Direct thrombin inhibitors | n/a | The meaning of the abbreviation for prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is not listed. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. -CD | | | | 01/08/17 10:22 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1639 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin | Not needed | Under the notes section, there is a repeated statement. It reads, "...Have better bioavailability and 2-4x longer half life than unfractionated heparin; can have better bioavailability, and 2-4 times longer half life;..." | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 01/11/17 2:18 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1640 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin | NA | The sentence "have better bioavailability and 2-4x longer half life" is repeated twice in the "NOTES" section of Heparin | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Please delete the second occurrence of this sentence. -Scott M | Agree, remove the duplication of the fact - Tarunpreet D | Good catch, definitely delete one of the occurrences of this. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/22/17 9:34 AM | Breyen | Coffin | breyencoffin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1641 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Direct thrombin inhibitors | N/A | At Direct thrombin inhibitors: "PCC" does not appears in Abbreviations and symbols section. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 2:16 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1642 | 414 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Warfarin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/protein-c-deficiency?source=search_result&search=protein%20c&selectedTitle=1~150 | On page 414 of the 2017 edition under Warfarin's adverse effects, the text reads, "Proteins C and S have shorter half-lives than clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X ..." However, this is not completely true. Factor VII has a half life of approximately 8 hours, and Protein C and S half lives are approximately 14 and 30 hours, respectively. Thank you! | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. We must have gotten sloppy with our wording. I suggest rewording this whole column to read, "Bleeding, skin/tissue necrosis, and teratogenesis. Proteins C and S have shorter half lives than factors II, IX, and X, resulting in paradoxical, but transient hypercoagulability when starting treatment. Skin/Tissue necrosis is hypothesized to be caused by microthrombi in small vessels." This is a little shorter, and gets to the important points quicker. -Scott M | Agree. In essence, omit Factor VII from the statement as it has a shorter half-life than Proteins C and S-Tarunpreet D | Agree with both authors. Scott's proposed revision seems fine to me. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/23/17 2:01 PM | Mansoor | Burhani | burhanimansoor@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1643 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | ADP receptor inhibitors | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/764760_3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19550317 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/714501 | ADP receptor inhibitors can be correctly named as "P2Y12 Platelet ADP Receptor Antagonists" or simply "P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. We already have that change in the book. I think that it's still important to mention that they're ADP receptor blockers, I think it will help more students to recognize what they do. -Scott M | Reject - Tarunpreet D | This is already noted on p415 in parentheses. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/31/16 2:41 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1644 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Thrombolytics | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811234-overview#a2 | Please classify thrombolytics as " fibrin specific" and "fibrin non-specific". Fibrin-specific agents: produce limited plasminogen conversion in the absence of fibrin . Non–fibrin-specific agents (eg, streptokinase) catalyze systemic fibrinolysis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Suggest splitting thrombolytics into two sections: as shown in the attachment. -Scott M | Agree - Tarunpreet D | I'm not able to access the attached document for some reason, but this sounds good to me. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/04/17 3:47 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1645 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Direct factor Xa inhibitors | http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1613270 | Andexanet alpha is a Factor Xa Inhibitor Reversal | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | on the fence on this one, it is a brand new drug and the studies go into phase 1 and 2 trials...seems like something that can go into the 2019 version if the studies seem promising, would like to know what others think. Richard G | I vote to reject. Generally it takes about 5 years for novel drugs and treatments to be represented on the USMLE. -Scott M | Same as the other andexanet item, I vote to not add. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/03/17 4:06 PM | Harold-Aurora | Cedeño | haroldviviano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1646 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Direct factor Xa inhibitors | https://www.google.com.do/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjKrNj747zSAhWCJCYKHVsQDPsQFggdMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nejm.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa1607887&usg=AFQjCNHm08uwGs3OU2efw3W3jjfZ6XOrEw | Andexanet a recombinant modified human factor Xa decoy protein ( Ande(Xa)net) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | disagree, got to be careful with this as it is not a true factor Xa inhib. Richard G | Reject. again, 5 years until representation on board exams. -Scott M | Agree with authors to not add -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/04/17 6:51 AM | Harold-Aurora | Cedeño | haroldviviano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1647 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors | N/A | To remember that abciximab is a IIb/IIIa inhibitor: IIIA times IIB = "AB6"imab | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 03/13/17 6:57 PM | Kendall | Kiser | kendall.j.kiser@uth.tmc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1648 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Cilostazol, dipyridamole | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278069/ | Cilostazol and Dipyridamole are contraindicated in patient that have CHF because of vasodilatory effects. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/08/17 1:57 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1649 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Cilostazol, dipyridamole | USMLE step 1, page 293, Coronary steal syndrome. | Add to dipyridamole, coronary steal | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 2:34 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1650 | 416 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Cancer drugs––cell cycle | UWorld - Q-ID:1893 - they mention the drug as a G2 drug | it will be useful to add Doxorubicin to G2 phase next to bleomycin | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | disagree,not many sources are clear on this, no changes Richard G | Reject. Doxorubicin causes cell cycle arrest at both the G1/S and G2/M phases. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17893511 -Scott M | Per authors -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/05/17 6:22 AM | Nissim | Lankry | nissimlankry@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1651 | 416 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Knee exam | mnemonic | va*L*gus stress is stress applied from *L*ateral side... (*L* should be bold and in red) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/10/17 4:03 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1652 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Antimetabolites | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/858170 | Please add the use of uridine triacetate in 5-FU and capecitabine toxicity. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Approved in Late 2015. Won't be represented on the boards yet. -Scott M | Accept. If it was approved in 2015, I think it could be added to the 2018 edition. It is the first emergent treatment for chemotherapy overdose. Therefore, it could eventually be one of the relatively higher yield materials tested on Step 1 as they like to test knowledge of antidotes. Just a speculation, but possible https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm476919.htm - Tarunpreet D | Hmm, yes 3 years does seem potentially sufficient. Let's migrate to annotate & tag for faculty input. If it's something that's now being taught I do think we could stay up to date in that regard, since USMLE does like its toxicity reversal questions... -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/04/17 5:05 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1653 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Antimetabolites | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/azathioprine-drug-information | On the adverse effects of azathioprine and 6-MP, only "GI,liver" is written. It has to be "GI, liver toxicity." | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I agree this can be fixed, but maybe not necessary for the errata. Nobody will answer a question incorrectly because of this mistake. I think it can be fixed in 2018 by adding "toxicity." after liver -Matt D | agree, simple edit, add toxicity. Richard G | Definitely not an official errata-worthy change, but for 2018 we should probably just change it to something like "GI, liver toxicity" as per Matt D. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree | | | | 01/04/17 7:04 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 1654 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Antimetabolites | None. | Cytarabine is a pyramidine analogue. CUT the PY with CY (also helps to remember the pyrimidine derivatives) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Incomplete. -AM | | | | 03/02/17 3:58 PM | Ankeet | Vakharia | ankeet.vakharia@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1655 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Drug metabolism | Copyright (c) UWorld, Please do not save, print, cut, copy or paste anything while a test is active. | Methotrexate irreversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (in text it says competitively). | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Wrong Edition | | | | 03/27/17 4:43 PM | Raffi | T | rxt222@case.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1656 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Antimetabolites | https://www.drugs.com/pro/thioguanine.html | thiguanine is used to treat ALL and can be used with ALLopurinol (compared to 6-mercaptopurine which cannot be used with allopurinol) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/31/17 2:10 PM | Priya | Batta | priyabatta21@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1657 | 418 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Alkylating agents | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2056130-treatment#d1 | Please add the role of hydration in prevention of cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | agree, simple addition for completeness. Richard G | Agree. Suggest addition of, "(adequate hydration in prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis) -Scott M | Hmm, this seems like too clinical to be HY for Step 1. I can't see this being a question asked explicitly, when other options for hemorrhagic cystitis prevention can focus on pharm (e.g, mesna/NAC). Is this mentioned in other review books? -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/04/17 9:58 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1658 | 418 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Alkylating agents | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2056130-treatment#d1 | N-acetylcysteine is not a preferred drug for prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree, HC is not listed as an indication for NAC on uptodate.com For errata and 2018, delete "or N-acetylcysteine" after "...toxic metabolites) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acetylcysteine-drug-information?source=preview&search=n%20acetyl%20cystein&anchor=F130171#F130171 -Matt D | agree, can remove this. Richard G | Agree with feedback that NAC is not a hemorrhagic cystitis drug. Mesna and hydration are adequate at the Step 1 level. Replace "or N-acetylcysteine." with "or adequate hydration." at the end of col 3. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree that this is not a preferred treatment. Prevention with adequate hydration is preferred. | | Under the Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide entry, in column 3, replace "or N-acetylcysteine." with "or adequate hydration." | | 10 | | 01/04/17 10:30 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1659 | 418 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Leukemias | Omar A. Ibrahimi, M.D., Ph.D., and R. Rox Anderson, M.D. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:e36December 9, 2010DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1002334 | Bleomycin side effects include: flagellate skin discoloration instead of skin hyperpigmentation | Clarification to current text | Verified | This should be page 418 I disagree, skin hyperpigmentation is a recognised side effect. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bleomycin-drug-information?source=preview&search=bleomycin&anchor=F141815#F141815 Lippincott's Pharmacology Jun | Reject - Tarunpreet D | Per authors -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/16/17 5:36 PM | Shenoda | Abd Elmaseh | shenodayousef3@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1660 | 418 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Cancer drugs—targets | - | To remember everything about 'D'xorubicin - think of all the 'D' associations Mechanism- 'D'NA INTERCALATIONS. Treat with - 'D'exrazoxane Side effect - 'D'ilated Cardiomyopathy | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 04/28/17 11:16 AM | shreya | doshi | smd1910@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1661 | 418 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Alkylating agents | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/ifex-ifosfamide-342109 / http://reference.medscape.com/drug/cytoxan-cyclophosphamide-342214 | Add Fanconi Syndrome as an adverse effect of ifosfamide, add SIADH as an adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/08/17 4:04 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1662 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Microtubule inhibitors | not needed | Paclitaxel and other taxols with their mechanism can be remembered as " TAXES are used to STABILIZE society" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 01/04/17 6:30 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1663 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Microtubule inhibitors | https://www-uptodate-com.revproxy.brown.edu/contents/taxane-induced-pulmonary-toxicity | "Paclitaxel, other taxols" should be "Paclitaxel, other taxanes". Paclitaxel is a taxane, while Taxol is its brand name. | Minor erratum | Verified | Note this fact is on page 419, not 411. I agree: https://www.cancer.gov/research/progress/discovery/taxol For errata and 2018: Underneath "Drug" heading in table, "Paclitaxel, other taxanes" -Matt D | agree, good catch! Richard G | Fixed page number. 100% agree, taxane is the drug class, Taxol is one of many trade names. Replace with taxanes as per Matt D's comment. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree | | Underneath the "Drug" heading in the table within the Microtubule inhibitors fact, replace "Paclitaxel, other taxols" with "Paclitaxel, other taxanes" | | 10 | | 01/15/17 2:30 AM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||
| 1664 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Etoposide, teniposide | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21703/ | Topoisomerase II makes 2 (II) strand nicks to relieve supercoiling. Topoisomerase I makes 1/(I) strand nick to relieve supercoiling. These inhibitors prevent the fixing of the nicks they make. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Confusing. -AM | | | | 01/20/17 4:12 AM | Avi | Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1665 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Etoposide, teniposide | n/a | Current mnemonic isn't helpful since topotecan also has "to". How about this: "Eightoposide" and teniposide have even numbers in their names, so they inhibit topoisomerase II (also even). | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 01/20/17 8:56 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1666 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Etoposide, teniposide | n/a | "Eightoposide" and teniposide both have numbers in their names divisible by two (to remember they inhibit topoisomerase II) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Duplicate, see above. -AM | | | | 01/20/17 9:05 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1667 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Etoposide, teniposide | none | Current mnemonic uses the "to" in etoposide to remember topoisomerase "II." But topotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor) also has a "to" so the mnemonic is not so useful for distinguishing between them. I like the mnemonic "There are "2" "sides" to every story" for etopo"side" and tenipo"side." Irinotecan and topotecan do not have the word "side" so there is no confusion. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject, above mnemonic likely better. -AM | | | | 03/02/17 2:30 PM | John | Coda | jecoda15@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1668 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Microtubule inhibitors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12322709, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma-in-adults | Vincristine is used to treat Hodgkin Lymphoma | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | agree, good catch, can add this. Richard G | Historically, vincristine was used for NHL, and vinblastine for HL. Here is a study examining cross-resistance in patients with NHL to vincristine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3442731 Suggest switching the two. -Scott M | Thanks for looking into this. I'm on board with swapping the parentheticals for HL and NHL as suggested by Scott. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/08/17 12:49 PM | Fasil | Mathews | fam30@pitt.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 1669 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Cisplatin, carboplatin | Not needed | CisPLATIN CarboPLATIN - PLATINum Records affect Ears (ototoxicity) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Suggested edit: "my nephew hurts his ears by playing platinum records" (encodes all toxicites: nephro & oto)? -AM | | | | 04/09/17 6:17 PM | Lance | Alquran | dralquran@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1670 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | FA | Girls (ovarian + breast cancer) wear gloves (peripheral neuropathy) because their hands are sensitive (hypersensitivity). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Incomplete. -AM | | | | 04/21/17 3:00 PM | Christine | Zhou | cyzhou0409@email.campbell.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1671 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Irinotecan, topotecan | Not needed. | Use the mnemonic "1 TEa CAN" to remember IrinoTECAN and topoTECAN inhibit topoisomerase I. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. -AM | | | | 05/15/17 10:50 PM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1672 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Microtubule inhibitors | n/a | Vincristine makes your nerves break like crystal (peripheral neuropathy) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/07/17 12:08 PM | Eric | Sánchez | ericsanchezm@icloud.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1673 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Etoposide, teniposide | No need for reference | 10ipside (teniposide) and 8oposide(etoposide) are topoisomerase 2 inhibitors >> 10-8=2 | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/06/17 3:45 PM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | Msq995@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1674 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Etoposide, teniposide | N/A | Mnemonic for irinotecan, topotecan: Read them as: IrinotecONE, topotecONE to remember they are topoisomerase ONE inhibitor! | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/11/17 2:56 PM | Omid | Shafaat | omid.shafaat@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1675 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Etoposide, teniposide | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16101488 | eTOPOside inhibits TOPOisomerase 2 | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/07/17 2:01 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1676 | 419 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/internuclear-ophthalmoparesis | Internucular Opthalmoplegia (INO) --> When considering which side of the head (left vs right) to localize which MLF has a lesion, use INO as the pneumonic: Ipsilateral adduction weakness, Nystagmus of Opposite eye (capitalized letters for I-N-O) this also helps you remember the clinical symptoms as well | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 01/24/17 8:35 PM | Matthew | Wells | matthew.eric.wells@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1677 | 420 | Immunology | | | Pharmacology | Bortezomib, carfilzomib | First Aid 2017 | Borte"ZOM"ib and Carfil"ZOM"ib are proteo"ZOM" inhibitors | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 02/27/17 12:46 PM | Missak | Tchoulhakian | mtchoulhakian@westernu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1678 | 421 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Tumor lysis syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/282171-treatment#d8 | "Treatments include aggressive hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase": They are also used for prevention, which is very important to mention. | Minor erratum | Verified | Change sentence to "Prevention and treatment include aggressive hydration..." -Matt D | agree, can add prevention. Richard G | Agree with feedback, these measures are often preventative. Change "Treatments include aggressive hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase." to: Prevention and treatment includes aggressive hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Peter Marks | Agree that these measures can both be used for prevention and treatment. So could read "Prevention and treatment includes aggressive hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase | | Replace "Treatments include aggressive hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase." with: "Prevention and treatment includes aggressive hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase." | | 10 | | 01/04/17 10:38 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1679 | 421 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Tumor lysis syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/282171-treatment#d15 | Treatment also includes managing electrolyte disturbances and dialysis to prevent life threatening complications | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | agree, can add this statement for completeness. Richard G | Suggest adding, "manage electrolyte disturbances, dialysis," after "aggressive hydration," -Scott M | More of a clinical correlate but this is super important IMO...I'm fine adding per Scott. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/04/17 10:44 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1680 | 421 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Trastuzumab (Herceptin) | n/a | No comma needed in sentence: "Helps kill cancer cells that overexpress HER-2, though inhibition...cytotoxicity." | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate | | | | 01/14/17 7:11 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1681 | 421 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Trastuzumab (Herceptin) | N/A | Trastuzumab is a that TRASHES HER2/neu. Trastuzumab = Trash2Neu-mab | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Awkward. -AM | | | | 03/18/17 7:49 AM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1682 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Common chemotoxicities | na | Cisplatin/Carboplatin and toxicities were listed twice. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate | | | | 01/12/17 7:27 PM | Paul | Wei | paulwei8@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1683 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Drug reactions—hematologic | It's shown in all older USMLE First Aid editions | The new Chemo Tox-Man does not show Methotrexate's myelosuppression as a side effect | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | agree, can add it to the side along with nephrotoxcitiy. Richard G | Let's put it back in. the 2015 book has a great one. a 5 and a 6 overlying a "bone shaft" on top of an M. 5=5FU 6=6MP M=Methotrexate, all of these substances cause myelosuppression. -Scott M | I want to say it was taken out because myelosuppresion isn't a classic/unique association of methotrexate, although I wasn't on this chapter last year. Perhaps we can have faculty weigh in on it? I'm sure they likely did last year but I don't have the history of this chapter. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 04/13/17 7:36 PM | MIGUEL | MONLLAU | mikemonllau@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1684 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Muscle conduction to contraction | N/A | "An Interesting Zoo Must Have Mammals"- Actin in the I band attaches at the Z line + Myosin in the H band attaches at the M line | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/09/17 11:46 AM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1685 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | Knee exam | N/A | "I love LAMP" Lateral femoral condyle- ACL; Medial femoral condyle- PCL | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change to just adding "LAMP - lateral femoral condyle - ACL; Medial femoral condyle - PCL" Make "LAMP and the "L" in lateral, "A" in ACL, "M" in Medial and "P" in PCL red. -Brian B | | | | 04/15/17 10:05 PM | Alan | Siegel | siegel.alan.h@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1686 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Types of muscle fibers | mnemonic | Type 2 muscle fibers are quick twitch, white fibers with anAERobic: "2 fast white hAERes" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 04/19/17 11:27 AM | Lucy | Goodson | goodson.lucy@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1687 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Knee exam | N/A | It is very convenient to keep the McMurray test straight by remembering "LIME"- Lateral tear with Internal rotation, Medial tear with External rotation | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make LIME and the first letter in each of Lateral, Internal, Medial, and External all red. -Brian B | | | | 05/01/17 1:37 PM | Luke | Lewis | lukelewis.1120@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1688 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | None needed. | Ankle anatomy and ankle sprains should be added in. Over inversion causes a tear in the anterior talofibular ligament (ATF) and over eversion causes a tear in the deltoid ligament. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | ankle sprains already added - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 05/22/17 6:07 PM | Timothy | Lee | tlee16@nyit.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1689 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Knee exam | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690600 | To remember ACL/PCL attachments, use LAMP: Lateral femoral condyle to Anterior tibia, Medial fem. condyle to Posterior tibia | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above. -Brian B | | | | 06/07/17 12:36 PM | Micah | Richardson | mrr96@drexel.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1690 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1248135-overview | Developmental dysplasia of the hip identified during examination of the newborn. The classic examination finding is revealed with the Ortolani maneuver, in which a palpable "clunk" is present when the hip is directed in and out of the acetabulum and over the neolimbus. A high-pitched "click" (as opposed to a clunk) in all likelihood has little association with acetabular pathology. One leg may appear shorter than the other. Etiology is not fully understood. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/21/17 5:14 PM | Rocio Naomo | Bautista | Rociobautista01@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1691 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Arm abduction | not needed | Arm abduction is done by "STDS" starting with Serratus Anterior >100 Trapezius >90 Deltoid 15-100 Supraspinatus 0-15 | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. If it went in order form start to finish of full abduction id like it more. -Brian B | | | | 02/03/17 3:09 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1692 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Rotator cuff muscles | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-patient-with-shoulder-complaints | In the book it is stated that that the subscapularis muscle medially rotates and adducts the arm, but as per UWorld and UptoDate the term that is more commonly used to describe the motion is "internal rotation" and I believe this is the more commonly used term in testing as well | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. The terms "internal rotation/medial rotation" and "external rotation/lateral rotation" are interchangeable, and both seem to give the reader a clear image of the muscle action. This is why I initially did not feel strongly about this suggestion. However, I agree that the "internal/external" terminology is more likely to be used as an answer choice in a multiple choice question, so it may be more helpful to use these terms in order to prepare the reader. Furthermore, these terms are used in the Fact "Actions of the Hip Muscles on page 431, so making this change is better for internal consistency. Please change the terminology for the other muscles in this Fact should this suggestion be implemented. --VB | I will agree that the proposed adjustment to our terminology is reasonable, from a perspective of both clarity and consistency. I support the proposed edits as per Vijay. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/23/17 4:42 PM | Roshun | Sangani | roshun.sangani@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1693 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Arm abduction | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899211-overview#a4 | "Some Stupid DumbAss Tried to Ace Step Lazily" to remember the muscle and associated nerve in order of arm abduction | Mnemonic | Verified | Don't feel we should be using dirty language in the book. Also don't really like the suggestion. -Brian B | | | | 03/24/17 9:10 AM | Jennifer | Alter | alter.jennifer.15@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1694 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Common knee conditions | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1993268-overview#showall ; http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osgood-schlatter-disease/basics/definition/con-20021911 | Osgood-Schlatter disease, also known as apophysitis of the tibial tubercle, is knee pain resulting from repetitive quadriceps contraction. It is seen in children who participate in sports that involve running, jumping and swift changes of direction - such as soccer, basketball, figure skating and ballet. The pain is localized to the tibial tubercle and the patellar tendon itself. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | already added - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 05/13/17 1:12 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1695 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Systems | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/89890-overview | its written "however, lateral meniscus injury is more common" and this is not true , the most common is MCL NOT LCL | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 09/02/17 10:10 PM | Yzeed | Al-Nigrish | yazeedni123@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1696 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Arm abduction | Mnemonic | Pour out *soup*, take out your *Dell*, before scanned by *T-SA* (Supraspinatus, Deltoid, Trapezius, Serratus Anterior) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/14/17 1:00 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1697 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Rotator cuff muscles | no need | To remember the actions of Rotator Cuff muscles ( Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor and Subscapularis), just remember the following: 1- The mnemonic for the muscles is: SITS/ 2- We will start with ABDuction and finish with ADDuction /3- The vowels in English can be remembered by AEEIou ( shout to remember better :P ) /4- Now just match letters from the 2 mnemonics in the same order they are written in as you can see in the attached table,So S goes with A...I goes with E...T goes with E and the last S goes with I. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/29/17 1:12 PM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1698 | 425 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Arm abduction | https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/modules/upper_limb_module/upper_limb_05.html | Deltoid degree is listed as 15-100.... should be 15-90 | Minor erratum | Verified | I'm okay with this change - even if it is a super minor fix, it's probably easier to remember 90 degrees as the upper limit rather than 100. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0515/p3079.html --VB | | | | 11/01/17 10:19 AM | Waqqas | Mirza | wamirza@ymail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1699 | 426 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Overuse injuries of the elbow | Mnemonic | Medial epicondylitis – golfer’s elbow – Phil "M"ickelson Lateral epicondylitis – tennis elbow – Serena WiLLiams. | Mnemonic | Verified | I want to like this, but I'm not sure how many will actually know who these people are and be able to actually use this. It is pretty good, however. Im leaning towards not adding it, however. -Brian B | | | | 05/28/17 4:33 PM | Sami | Hashmi | sami.hashmi@northwestern.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1700 | 426 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Wrist bones | N/A | For positive Tinel sign in Carpal tunnel syndrome, you can remember it as causing tingling with percussion by this mnemonic: TINel sign=TINgling | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/21/17 5:28 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1701 | 426 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Wrist bones | N/A | For phalanx maneuver in carpal tunnel syndrome--phalen sounds like flexion | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/21/17 5:29 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1702 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Upper extremity nerves | UWORLD Q 11855 | Supracondylar fracture of the humerus with ANTEROMEDIAL displacement of the proximal fragment leads to median nerve injury but supracondylar fracture of the humerus with ANTEROLATERAL displacement of the proximal fragment leads to radial nerve injury. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. Although accurate, I do not believe this suggestion is high yield, and getting into that level of detail would probably lead to confusion. The classic nerve pathology for a supracondylar fracture of the humerus is damage to the anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve), and it is also the most common (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-supracondylar-fractures-in-children?source=machineLearning&search=supracondylar%20fracture%20humerus&selectedTitle=1~128§ionRank=1&anchor=H20#H20). I am content with associating radial nerve injuries with compression of the axilla and midshaft humerus fractures, which are more classic presentations than what is being suggested. --VB | Per Vijay, I am OK with us not accepting this due to being lower yield, what we have is already reasonable and most likely to be tested. Also reasonable to assume that this could lead to some additional confusion if added that may make it more difficult to learn this material. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/25/17 1:06 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1703 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | NEW FACT | uWorld Question Bank feedback | Supracondylar fractures to the humerus affect the median nerve with anteriomedial displacement. Same fracture with anterolateral displacement affects the radial nerve. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | Reject. See above. --VB | Duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 1:20 PM | Guarina | Molina | guarinamolinamd@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1704 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Upper extremity nerves | http://uptodate.com/contents/carpal-tunnel-syndrome-etiology-and-epidemiology | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome does feature sensory disturbances in the median nerve distribution area in the hand, but the text says "Loss of sensation... with proximal lesion", either incorrect or misleading. CTS features loss of sensation over digital area but not thenar area. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. I don't see a reason to cover the sensory manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome again, since previously discussed in detail. Current text is factually correct about proximal lesion effects. - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 08/09/17 7:13 PM | Yakov | Yakubov | yakovy@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1705 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | Lowe, Whitney (October 2004). "Median Nerve Compression Pathologies". Massage Today. 4 (10) | Ape hand (at rest) = Injury to DISTAL part of the median nerve (low MNP). Pope's blessing (in an attempt to make a fist) = Injury to PROXIMAL part of the median nerve (high MNP) . | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/09/17 4:13 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1706 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | None! | For distinguishing the types of median nerve palsy: "The POPE prayed to HIGH almighty God for the LOWLY APE!" (Pope's blessing=High median nerve lesion; Ape hand= Low median nerve lesion) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/09/17 4:22 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1707 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tourette-syndrome?source=search_result&search=coprolalia&selectedTitle=1~3 | With tourette's syndrome, Involuntary vocalizations, specifically Coprolalia occurs in approximately 40 percent of cases. FA2017 wrongly states that coprolalia only occurs in 10-20% of cases. | Minor erratum | Verified | Checked UTD. Fact stated is true. I have migrated to annotate for further discussion. -AC | | | | 05/28/17 4:13 PM | Joseph | Fahmy | jfahmy@neomed.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1708 | 428 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Miscellaneous | NEW FACT | http://pathology.ucla.edu/workfiles/Education/Transfusion%20Medicine/2-6-Blood-Product-Modifications.pdf | Transfusion - Blood product modification | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/23/17 2:33 PM | Rugvedita | Parakh | rugpara@uw.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1709 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview | Branches of cords of brachial plexus-Branches of lateral cord-LML-lateral root of median nerve,musculocutaneous nerve,lateral pectoral nerve.Branches of Medial cord-M4U-medial pectoral nerve,medial root of median nerve,medial cutaneous nerve of arm,medial cutaneous nerve of forearm,ulnar nerve.Branches of posterior cord-ULNAR i.e upper subscapular nerve,lowers ubscapular nerve,nerve to lattismus dorsi,axillary nerve,radial nerve. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Way too much explaining required to make it work. -Brian B | | | | 03/31/17 1:05 AM | Kulsajan | Bhatia | kulsajan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1710 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | DIT | "SALT" Serratus Anterior innervated by Long Thoracic nerve. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make SALT red along with the first letter of Serratus, Anterior, Long, and Thoracic red as well. -Brian B | | | | 04/25/17 3:05 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1711 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | N/A | Mnemonic to remember the innervation of serratus anterior: SALT. SA for serratus anterior and LT for long thoracic | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 04/28/17 9:56 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1712 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | N/A | Instead of "Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer", a better mnemonic I use is "Read The Damn (Dang) Cadaver Book". This is to memorize Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Most people know this as the one we already have. Also this new suggestion doesn't add anything helpful. -Brian B | | | | 06/09/17 7:51 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1713 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | n/a | Erbs palsy (waiter's tip) muscles involved: Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Biceps brachii, Supraspinatus. (DIBS). "Whose gonna tip the waiter? DIBS not it." | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/13/17 5:20 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1714 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | n/a | Klumpke palsy: CLAW-mpke palsy causes CLAW hand. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/13/17 5:23 AM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1715 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | Copyright (c) UWorld, Please do not save, print, cut, copy or paste anything while a test is active. | Total claw hand: result in extended MCP and flexed DIP and PIP this gives the hand the clawed appearance | Minor erratum | Verified | The text states what the muscles do, not the exact findings. No change needed. -Brian B | | | | 09/07/17 9:05 PM | Khloud | kahail | kmkuhail@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1716 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview#a2 | Brachial plexus: numbers of each section: (It is the same backwards and forwards): 5-3-2-3-5: 5 Rami 3 Trunks 2 Divisions 3 Cords 5 Terminal nerves | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 9:07 PM | Paola | Del Cueto | paoladelcueto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1717 | 429 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Distortions of the hand | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview#a2 | Distal Median Nerve lesions should cause deficits in wrist flexion, flexion of lateral fingers, thumb opposition, and lumbricals. If the flexion of the lateral fingers was inadequate, the lateral digits should be extended during extension of fingers/at rest (unlike the 3rd picture shown under distortions of the hand). | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. The 3rd image in the diagram is correct. The ulnar nerve is responsible for innervation of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals, not the median nerve as the reader has suggested. --VB | Agree with Vijay, the student's reported error appears to already be correctly depicted within the book. No change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/21/17 5:04 PM | Bryce | Baird | Bryce-Baird@ouhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1718 | 429 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Upper extremity nerves | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170362/ | Deficits less pronounced in proximal nerve lesions add ulnar paradox to the text. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Too detailed for Step 1 in my opinion. At most I would defer to next year. - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 08/28/17 7:46 AM | Tushar | Garg | gargtushark@outlook.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1719 | 429 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Distortions of the hand | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877731-overview#showall | Hand: nerve lesions. DR CUMA: Drop=Radial nerve. Claw=Ulnar nerve. Median nerve=Ape hand (or Apostol [preacher] hand) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 9:15 PM | Paola | Del Cueto | paoladelcueto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1720 | 429 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Distortions of the hand | Medline Plus | I always hate the questions about foot deformities (and treatment), the most common being metarsus adductus (free picture available from Medline Plus). I have attached a photo of different deformities (not all of which are tested) for hy inclusion as a new fact for the next FA | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/29/17 12:01 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1721 | 430 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22436/ | Fatty acids are the heart's main source of fuel, although ketone bodies as well as lactate can serve as fuel for heart muscle. In fact, heart muscle consumes acetoacetate in preference to glucose. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Client got the page wrong. p 85. Create an introductory sentence, "Fatty acids are the heart's main source of fuel." -SM | | | | 09/06/17 7:03 PM | Scarlett | Decamps | scarlettdecamps@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1722 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | Lower extremity nerves | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/90881-overview#a7 | The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by common peroneal nerve, while the long head is innervated by the tibial nerve. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. In "Common peroneal" row, please replace "biceps femoris" with "biceps femoris (short head)" and add "biceps femoris (long head)" to the "Tibial" row. -VV "The long head is innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve and the short head is innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve." Gray's Anatomy for Students https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780702051319000067?scrollTo=%23hl0003360 | Agree, I would suggest something like, "The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the common peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve, and the long head by the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve. | Appears correct, but it's not really official errata worthy, more of the addition of higher yield content. So will approve, but would not put in the official errata. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | KL - not my field, so unable to offer feedback | Maria Antonelli | Suggestion looks correct (short head innervated by common fibular n (L5,S2) and long head by tibial n (L5, S2)). | | | 5 | | 01/01/17 5:21 AM | Saran | Pillai | dr.saran.soman@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1723 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/psoas-major-1 | Under the femoral nerve you have it innervating the iliopsoas muscle. While the femoral nerve does innervate the iliacus muscle, the psoas major is innervated by anterior rami of L1-L3; not the femoral nerve. | Minor erratum | Verified | True, the iliacus is innervated by the femoral nerve and psoas by the anterior rami of L1-3, but I think that this distinguishing characteristic is low yield. -SM | Similarly to above, approving, but do not feel this needs official errata inclusion, it's better as an improvement for the 2018 edition. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Nathan Skelley | This is extremely "minor" errata. Yes, the person submitting the comment is correct, but it's really splitting hairs. | | Not errata worthy | | | 02/11/17 10:30 AM | Leif | Helland | tlhelland@oakland.edu | | | |||||||||
| 1724 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/sciatic-nerve-1 https://radiopaedia.org/articles/posterior-femoral-cutaneous-nerve | The text lists "Sensory-posterior thigh" under the innervation column for the Sciatic nerve. This is incorrect as the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve supplies sensory innervation to the posterior thigh. The sciatic nerve only functions in motor innervation for the muscles in this region. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Sensory has already been deleted from Sciatic n. - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 04/26/17 12:57 AM | Fahad | Khan | fahadskhan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1725 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | Lower extremity nerves | iliohypogastric | The ilohypogastric nerve is sensory to the suprapubic AKA hypogastric region. It would be better to describe this region as hypogastric rather than suprapubic to connect it with the name. | Mnemonic | Verified | reject. -Brian B | | | | 05/09/17 12:19 AM | Matthew | Spano | matthew.a.spano@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1726 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Adding a pneumonic for the obturator nerve motor innervation would be helpful. Obturator's ALABAMO GRAPEs (or pelvic obturator's [operator's] ALABAMO GRAPEs). AL= adductor longus, AB= adductor brevis, AM= adductor magnus, OE= obturator externus, GRA= gracilis, PE= pectineus. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:49 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1727 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Mnemonic for motor innervation of femoral nerve: Femoral QUIPS. QU= quadriceps, I= iliopsoas, P= pectineus, S= sartorius | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:52 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1728 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Femoral nerve. "You can't kick a ball without a femur" to remember that damage to the femoral nerve causes decreased thigh flexion and leg extension. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 1:59 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1729 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Common Peroneal Nerve motor innervation mnemonic: "Peroneal p BiTE". B= biceps femoris, T= tibialis anterior, E= extensor muscles of foot | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:02 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1730 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Mnemonic to remember motor innervation for sciatic nerve: "Sciatic SS BAM". S= semitendinous, S= semimembranosus, B= biceps femoris, AM= adductor magnus | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:04 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1731 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Mnemonic to memorize motor innervation for tibial nerve: "Tibial TPPF" T= triceps surae, P= plantaris, P= popliteus, F= flexor muscles of foot | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:06 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1732 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_cutaneous_nerve_of_thigh | Posterior thigh sensation is via the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, not sciatic nerve. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Again, Sensory has already been deleted from Sciatic n. - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 07/10/17 7:57 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1733 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | Atlas of Human Anatomy Sixth Edition Netter, Frank H., MD chapter 7 table 7-4 | Muscles responsible for Foot inversion are Ant. Tibialis and posterior Tibialis which are innervated by Deep Peroneal Nerve and Tibialis Nerve. Damage to deep proneal (or Common Proneal) also weakens inversion. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 1:46 PM | Sadjjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1734 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | Gray's anatomy for students 2nd edition. Page 539, Table 6.1 | Genitofemoral nerve innervates the anterior central part of the upper thigh, not the medial thigh as stated in the text. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/17/17 2:56 PM | Amin | Azem | amin.alqruity@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1735 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2225774-overview?pa=mjv8ZhgB01Ngp%2B9CA7lkGgbu9U1cuKEVAT9TvWERrXZ%2BaoQK9UjVOEK5eIZqr9cOLCEJNCrbkqLWYvqLrhntWA%3D%3D#a7 | Genitofemoral nerve is said to innervate cutaneous sensory innervation of the medial thigh. However, ilioinguinal nerve innervates the medial thigh. Ilioinguinal nerve as a branch of L1 has not been mentioned in the lower extremity nerves either. | Minor erratum | | | | 10/29/17 5:04 PM | Ehsan | Tadayon | sunny.tadayon@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1736 | 431 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Actions of hip muscles | Any anatomy book | The muscles for internal and external rotations should be switched. Those listed in the book for internal rotation are actually those used for external rotation and visa versa. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. First Aid has it correct. http://www.stritch.luc.edu/lumen/meded/grossanatomy/dissector/mml/mmlregn.htm --VB | Vijay is correct, our current layout is accurate and there is no need to flip the muscles. No change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/10/17 8:39 PM | Raymond | Whitham | zoonotics@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1737 | 431 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Pnemonic to remember flexor hip muscles: "You TRIP without flexors" T= tensor fascia lata, R= rectus femoris, I= illiopsoas, P= pectineus | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:08 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1738 | 431 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | N/a | Mnemonic to memorize names of hip muscles that externally rotate: "External PIGO" P= piriformis, I= iliopsoas, G= gluteus maximus, O= obturator | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:11 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1739 | 431 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | Hip and Pelvis Injuries in Sports Medicine (Page 34) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 28 Mar. 2012 - Medical | The text reads "Trendelenburg Sign/Gait" without distinguishing 'sign' from 'gait'. Trendelenburg Sign: CONTRALATERAL hip drops while standing on the affected leg. Trendelenburg Gait: Patient leans (lurches) IPSILATERAL to the affected side while walking, to prevent pelvis from sagging. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/09/17 11:00 PM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1740 | 432 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Sjögren syndrome | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sjogrens-syndrome/basics/treatment/con-20020275 | Additional Complication: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma / Treatment: Pilocarpine (For Xerostomia) and Cevimeline | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 02/09/17 1:59 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1741 | 432 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Signs of lumbosacral radiculopathy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anatomy-and-localization-of-spinal-cord-disorders?source=search_result&search=s1%20s2%20adult&selectedTitle=10~150 | S1-S2, NOT L5-S1 controls weakness of plantar flexion, difficulty in toe-walking, and decreased Achilles reflex. L5-S1 controls knee flexion, foot eversion, toe extension, external hip rotation, and leg abduction | Minor erratum | Verified | I am seeing different information. UTD says S1-S2, while eMedicine says L5-S1. Would defer to expert opinion on this and recommend change to S1-S2 based on Dr. Skelley's recommendations. -VV http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/712253_4 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-detailed-neurologic-examination-in-adults?source=search_result&search=plantar%20flexion&selectedTitle=1~150 | Given expert approval of this and confirmation on UpToDate article linked, I would say we can go ahead and change. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Nathan Skelley | Yes, this comment is mostly correct and probably worth changing, but there is significant overlap in neural innervation. | | Under the disc level header in the chart, replace "L5–S1" with "S1–S2" for the level that causes the findings of weakness of plantar flexion, difficulty in toe- walking, and ↓Achilles reflex | | 10 | | 02/10/17 11:29 AM | Derek | Sheen | sheend@vcu.edu | | | ||||||||
| 1742 | 432 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-rhabdomyolysis | There is no mention of 'Rhabdomyolysis' as an actual pathology or disease in the First Aid USMLE Step 1 Text. It has been noted in the clinical community that this pathology is heavily on the rise, especially with today's trends in extreme exercise activities. Knowing the symptoms, clinical findings, and treatment are of vitally important and high-yield, especially in ER medicine or ambulatory care. If it is indicated by your team that it would be beneficial to add this entry in to next year's text, I am more than happy to complete a full submission on it's symptomatology, clinical findings, and treatment, etc. Most importantly, it should be known that 'Rhabdomyolysis' is a cause of acute tubular necrosis/acute renal disease; a major and detrimental pathophysiology. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree that this is not a bad idea. Defer for inclusion next year!! - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 05/24/17 12:32 AM | Joseph A. | Brazzo III | Joseph.Brazzo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1743 | 432 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Signs of lumbosacral radiculopathy | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899031-overview | Currently, the lumbosacral radiculopathies are described as they pertain to certain vertebral "disc levels" (which is the label of the column on the left). This is appropriate for all three disc levels originally published (L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1), however in the official corrections PDF for this book (screenshot of accepted revision attached), you all have accepted a correction to swap L5-S1 with S1-S2. Although it is true that the achilles reflex and the plantar flexion are controlled with the S1-S2 spinal nerve levels, you are allowing a misnomer to occur by placing S1-S2 under a heading of “disc levels." In fact, vertebral discs do not exist inferior to the L5-S1 disc. We were tricked on this distinction on a quiz question in medical school, so it is imperative to get this straight in students' minds. So, my suggestion is to label the column as "spinal nerve levels” or "vertebral levels" to avoid the disc confusion. In summary, the S1-S2 spinal levels are responsible for the actions in the chart, yet the disc that would need to herniate in order to affect these levels are L5-S1 because the S1-S2 vertebrate are fused, thus no disc exists between them rendering "disc level S1-S2" a misnomer. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/20/17 10:32 AM | Graham | Norwood | gnorwood511@me.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1744 | 433 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Muscle conduction to contraction | N/A | Reading from point #5 to #6, it would be helpful to clarify that myosin (with ADP + Pi) will bind to the actin filament after tropomyosin has undergone a conformational change. Currently, it seems to jump from tropomyosin conformationally changing with the binding of Ca2+ to troponin, and then myosin releases ADP+Pi without binding first. So maybe something that ultimately reads, "5. Released Ca2+ binds to troponin C, causing a conformational change that moves tropomyosin out of the myosin-binding groove on actin filaments. At which point, myosin (containing ADP and Pi) binds to actin." | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/13/17 11:28 PM | Abraham | Ichinoe | ichinoea@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1745 | 433 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Types of muscle fibers | First Aid NBDE | Type 2 Muscle Fibers think "Two Fast Skinny White Chickens" type 2 fast, white fibers, skinny because low myoglobin chickens because the other mnemonic talks about an ox | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/10/17 12:16 AM | Carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1746 | 433 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Types of muscle fibers | none | Add on to "1 slow red ox"..."endures to win the race." | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/29/17 6:24 PM | Alicia | Hart | hart024@csusm.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1747 | 433 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Muscle conduction to contraction | - | Memory Aid- A band= DaRK band. I Band = LiGHT band. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/23/17 2:59 PM | Rajat | Dhand | rajatdhand@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1748 | 434 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Systemic lupus erythematosus | First Aid & UWorld | 3Carts & 2Prunes, A Better Mnemonic for SLE | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. -Brian B | | | | 05/12/17 2:51 AM | Kenneth | Jezierski | jjjkenneth@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1749 | 434 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Miscellaneous | Systemic lupus erythematosus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neonatal-lupus | Maternal SLE is associated with complete neonatal heart block | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | This has been added (to Sjogren fact I believe, on the subject of specific antibodies) - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 05/13/17 12:46 PM | Grace | Sollender | grace.e.sollender.med@dartmouth.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1750 | 434 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Bone formation | N/a | Chon= cartilage. Endochondral ossification is mediated by chondrocytes, which make cartilage. Therefore, I think it would be helpful to point out that Chon means cartilage. Remembering this will help you remember that endochondral ossification involves cartilage formation, which is mediated by chondrocytes | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:15 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1751 | 434 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Drug reactions—musculoskeletal/skin/connective tissue | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1065086-overview | Drug Induced SLE is caused by Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, and Procainamide. This list of drugs can be remembered by the mnemonic "HIP-P" (pronounced "hippie) because hippies use drugs; the HIP-P drugs cause Drug Induced Lupus | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/20/17 5:25 PM | Anthony | Fam | af486@njms.rutgers.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1752 | 435 | Pathology | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/skeletal-dysplasias-approach-to-evaluation | 'Membranous ossification is affected - large head relative to limbs'. Membranous ossification is unaffected in Achondroplasia and hence the head remains larger with respect to the limbs. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/18/17 10:45 AM | Aiswarya | Rajendran | aiswarya.rajendran04@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1753 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | FA 2015 | Membranous ossification is NOT affected; the text says that it is affected | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. -SM | We changed this last year based on recent research. However, most textbooks state that membranous ossification is not affected. Would recommend changing back. -VV 1. Short tubular bones form because of abnormal endochondral ossification in the limbs. In the chondrocranium, membranous ossification is undisturbed; hence the skull vault is normal. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455750177002488?scrollTo=%23hl0000596 2. The primary defect found in patients with achondroplasia is abnormal endochondral ossification. Periosteal and intramembranous ossification is normal. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258401-overview#showall | I would hold off a change for now - this quick a flip flop is usually never well-received and typically just leads to us getting errata about changing it (again). While we may ultimately revert, I would not do so without much more research. Indeed textbooks do say as VV states, but this update was based on some well-supported more recent research. Right now I cannot access last year's Annotate so it's hard to me to state that that evidence is. Thus going to approve, but recommend deferral of inclusion in the official errata until we can get more substantiating evidence to support one side or the other. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Maria Antonelli | Suggestion looks correct- membranous ossification is NOT affected, only endochondral bone formation. | | Please replace "Membranous ossification is affected." with "Membranous ossification is not affected." | | 10 | | 12/28/16 6:16 PM | Katie | Truong | katieptruong@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 1754 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | radiopaedia.org.articles/achondroplasia | membraneous ossification is NOT affected | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/05/17 10:56 PM | Robert | Fu | robertfu0821@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1755 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.galter.northwestern.edu/contents/skeletal-dysplasias-specific-disorders?source=search_result&search=achondroplasia%20pathogenesis&selectedTitle=2~30 | Text reads "Failure of longitudinal bone growth (endochondral ossification) short limbs. Membranous ossi cation is affected large head relative to limbs." Should read "Membranous ossification is UNAFFECTED." Key point in that a large head is due to normal intramembranous ossification of the skull. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/08/17 11:21 PM | Alexander | Rodriguez | rodriguez.alexj@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1756 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.medlib.uits.iu.edu/contents/achondroplasia?source=search_result&search=achondroplasia&selectedTitle=1~30 | The text says membranous ossification is affected, but it should say is NOT affected. Only endochondral ossification is affected | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Agree -SM | Please see above. -VV | Duplicate, rejecting -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Kachiu Lee | KL - Agree with erratum, although this is definitely not my field of expertise | | | | 01/11/17 8:24 PM | McKenna | Furgurson | mfurgurs@iu.edu | | | |||||||||
| 1757 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | 2016 First Aid; https://radiopaedia.org/articles/achondroplasia | "Membranous ossification is affected" should read "Membranous ossification is NOT affected" | Major erratum | Duplicate | Maria Antonelli | ditto | | | | 01/25/17 9:09 PM | James | Wade | jameshwade@vt.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1758 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258401-overview?pa=bDFZzI2JlMDVNcqdymBtlLt5nMmbbeMuNq9k53fODUadX4B3qGwS4R91QMoh4N3QcuWjGPSMRetDHUR9wYmCxPEiL5fM42L%2B9xlMlua7G1g%3D#a5 | In the description for achondroplasia the book says "Membranous ossification is affected" – but it is not affected in this disease. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Maria Antonelli | ditto | | | | 01/26/17 7:45 PM | Caleb | McEntire | crm2200@columbia.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1759 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24419316 | Under Achondroplasia, states that "membranous ossification is affected --> large head relative to limbs." This should say that membranous ossification is UNAFFECTED, which leads to the large head relative to the body. At the least, clarification that membranous ossification is LESS affected would be helpful. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/04/17 11:50 AM | Conor | Smith | con16721@att.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1760 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoporosis | None needed | Where it starts off with "Trabecular (spongy) and cortical bone lose mass"; it should be "...cortical bone loss...". Instead of "lose" it's "loss" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | "Trabecular (spongy) and cortical bone lose mass and interconnections despite normal bone" Reads fine as-is. | | | | 02/08/17 5:00 PM | Anneris | Estevez | mellizas@comcast.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1761 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | Step 1 Qmax Author | I would suggest adding the association between advanced paternal age and achondroplaisa to first aid if possible. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | (?) This Fact is not present on page 426. --VB | Fixed page number, it is page 435. Someone already made this suggestion last year and we deferred, the annotation is still there, however. Will thus reject this proposal as a duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/24/17 10:44 AM | Linda | Davoli | staff | | | ||||||||||||
| 1762 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoporosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-evaluation-of-osteoporosis-in-postmenopausal-women | Osteoporosis can be diagnosed as a fragility fracture, particularly at the spine, hip, wrist, humerus, rib, and pelvis | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Don't think it is necessary to include every possible bone where one could have a fragility fracture. However, I do think it's important to imply that you can have fragility fractures at bones other than the vertebrae and hip. Suggested revision: "...or by a fragility fracture, commonly at hip or vertebrae". https://www.uptodate.com/contents/osteoporotic-fracture-risk-assessment?source=search_result&search=fragility%20fracture&selectedTitle=1~150#H21 , https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/orthopaedic-surgery/patient-care-services/trauma/fragility-fracture-clinic . --VB | Reject. Fragility fracture is only diagnostic at hip and pelvis. FA should stay as is with no revision because current wording captures the fact that not all fragility fractures are diagnostic. "The diagnosis of osteoporosis is established by measurement of BMD or by the occurrence of adulthood hip or vertebral fracture in the absence of major trauma (such as a motor vehicle accident or multiple story fall)." https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00198-014-2794-2#Tab4 -JP | Inclined to agree with the authors. We already mention the high-yield fractures likely to be seen with the disorder. Highlighting this diagnostic step seems to be beyond the scope of the exam (eg, a Step 2 level piece of knowledge). I am amenable to making Vijay's change, however, which does allow us to expand the scope of the fractures covered without too much detail. Will accept the proposal for that reason. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 4:36 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1763 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258401-overview#a5 | FA 2017 states membranous ossification is affected in achondroplasia. ( membranous ossification is not affected) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/24/17 10:26 AM | Zainab | Mirza | zf2835@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1764 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | 2016 First Aid | "membranous ossification is affected" should say "is NOT affected" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate - IW | | | | 04/26/17 2:53 PM | Mai-Anh | Vuong-Dac | ma1anhvuong@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1765 | 435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Achondroplasia | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/FGFR3 | Membranous ossification is UNaffected in achondroplasia; hence, affected individuals have disproportionate body head and limb sizes. FA17 states "membranous ossification is affected." | Major erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate - IW | | | | 06/07/17 11:02 AM | Matthew | Gillings | mattgllngs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1766 | 436 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | Not needed | to remember Polymyositis has Endomysial inflammation with CD-8+ T-cells: Polymyositis has Eightomysial (Endo + CD-8) inflammation. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Too much of a stretch. -Brian B | | | | 01/24/17 7:08 PM | Ghazaleh | Ahmadi Jazi | ahmadi.ghazale@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1767 | 436 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | mnemonic | antibodies in polymyositis ( MY NET SIGNAL JO ) , MY is anti MI 2 antibodies, NET is anti NUCLEAR antibodies,SIGNAL is anti SIGNAL recognition particle,JO is anti JO 1 antibodies | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. We could use a good one for this, but this doesn't make logical sense. -Brian B | | | | 02/10/17 12:00 PM | Abdallah | Kamal | dr.abdallah.ramadan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1768 | 436 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans) | https://www-uptodate-com.medjournal.hmc.psu.edu:2200/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-paget-disease-of-bone?source=search_result&search=paget%20disease%20picture%20frame%20bone&selectedTitle=1~150#H16031870 OR http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/394165-overview?pa=4paK7ay75qGCjPgNVTvhD1GzjGuqWUZ7pb7vafk9Y2GHCj97AINAJAKuY%2FvuhP%2FCNFsYxDuz%2Fz2hge3aAwEFsw%3D%3D#a2 | In Paget Disease of bone, there is cortical thickening of the vertebra, which results in a characteristic "picture frame vertebra" appearance on x-ray. This would be a high yield image to include. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, unless there is sufficient space for the Fact. Do not think that this is high yield enough. Defer to others' suggestions. --VB | Agreed that this is low yield -JP | Will reject as per authors who feel this is LY, I am inclined to agree. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/09/17 9:23 AM | John | Coda | jecoda15@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1769 | 436 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/334607-overview | 5Hs ( AitcheS ) for pagetS : 1- High activity of osteblast and osteoclast 2- Hearing loss 3- Hat size increased ( skull involvement ) 4- High output heart failure ( A-V shunt ) 5- High level of alakaline phosphatase ( ALP ) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/28/17 4:40 PM | Rami | Arabi | romio199354@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1770 | 436 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10510206 | Paget's disease osteoclasts may have up to 100 nuclei | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/16/17 6:49 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1771 | 437 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin layers | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1294744-overview#a2 | Epidermis Layers-CORNY LUCID GRANDMA SPINS BASKETBALLS. CORNeum, LUDCIDum, GRANulosum, SPINosums, BASale, The first couple letter of each word actually sounds like the layers of the epidermis. So it is much easier to remember than a random phrase. | Mnemonic | Staff accepts | Reject. I like what we have currently. -Brian B | | | | 03/05/17 5:18 PM | Brittany | Benjamin | bavb22@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1772 | 437 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteopetrosis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123968-workup, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paget%27s_disease_of_bone, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4923554/ | Osteopetrosis have increased levels of ALP. On the chart in the table, it currently says that the ALP levels are --- for Osteopetrosis. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/10/17 10:44 AM | Jennifer | Chao | Jennifer.Chao@med.wmich.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1773 | 437 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteopetrosis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123968-workup, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteopetrosis, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4923554/ | Sorry I added the wrong reference on my last submission. Please see the correct references under this submission. (Main Comment: Osteopetrosis have increased levels of ALP) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/10/17 10:48 AM | Jennifer | Chao | Jennifer.Chao@med.wmich.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1774 | 438 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | /pmc/articles/PMC2492994/?report=classic citation: Salerno M, Avnet S, Alberghini M, Giunti A, Baldini N. Histogenetic Characterization of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2008;466(9):2081-2091. doi:10.1007/s11999-008-0327-z. | In Giant Cell Tumors the neoplastic cells expressig RANKL are "mononuclear" and not multinucleated giant cells.The neoplastic cells express RANKL which promotes osteoclast's maturation into giant cells. So giant cells are non-neoplastic and express RANK | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. The multinucleated giant cells constitute more than half the cell content of this tumor, but they are nonneoplastic and don't express RANKL. The neoplastic component consists of mononuclear cells that happen to express RANKL. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giant-cell-tumor-of-bone?source=search_result&search=giant%20cell%20tumor&selectedTitle=1~150#H7 . I think this clarification should be made, but since multinucleated giant cells are such a classic part of this diagnosis, it should be left in the Fact. Suggested revision: "Multinucleated giant cells and neoplastic mononuclear cells that express RANKL." --VB | Accept. But might be more specific to say ""Neoplastic mononuclear cells that express RANKL and Multinucleated giant cells " "Histologically, GCTB consists of scattered osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, monocytes, and fibroblast-like stromal cells that are supposed to represent the neoplastic cell population, in which the spindle-shaped stromal cell is the neoplastic component, while the monocytes and the multinucleated giant cells are just reactive components of this tumor [4, 5]." https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13277-015-3094-y -JP | Excellent commentary by authors, I agree this is a reasonable addition to the chapter and also support the additional input. The ultimate proposal is to mention both the RANKL-expressing mononuclear cells and to continue to mention the classic multinucleated giant cells. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/04/17 9:39 AM | Akshit | Tuli | akshittuli123@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1775 | 438 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868728/ and Robbins 9th Edition page 781. | Giant cell tumors - It is the mononuclear cells in the tumor that are neoplastic. These mononuclear cells present an osteoblast profile (RANKL). The reactive, non-neoplastic multinucleated giant cells present osteoclast profile (RANK), not RANKL as the text indicates. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/11/17 6:57 PM | Taylor | Maney | TLManey@aol.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1776 | 438 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | None | Ewing Sarcoma facts can be remebered with the mnemonic ROUND R- ROUND blue cells O- Onion skinning U- Uno-Uno: Dos-Dos (11:22 Translocation) N- Neuroectoderm D- Dipahysis | Mnemonic | Staff accepts | Reject. I would have liked this, but it needs some cleaning up. -Brian B | | | | 03/26/17 5:08 PM | Mark | Kirane | mkirane@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1777 | 438 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | https://www-uptodate-com.medjournal.hmc.psu.edu:2200/contents/benign-bone-tumors-in-children-and-adolescents?source=search_result&search=osteoid%20osteoma&selectedTitle=1~32#H13 | As noted in the text, osteoid osteoma is associated with nighttime pain and a central nidus. It is also useful to know that the pain responds to aspirin/NSAIDs, which helps to differentiate from osteoblastoma. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Suggested revision - in the parenthetical in the image, make it "(nighttime pain, central nidus, responds to NSAIDs)" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22052644. --VB | Accepted. Just to be clear that the symptoms are responsive to NSAIDs and not the tumor suggest the revision "(nighttime pain responsive to NSAIDs, central nidus) http://ovidsp.uk.ovid.com/sp-3.24.1b/ovidweb.cgi?QS2=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 Generally speaking, I think this section is lacking. Tumors like osteoid osteoma, osteoma, osteoblastoma, and cartilage tumors are not described in first aid but are detailed in other reviews materials (pathoma, DIT) -JP | Agree with authors, the pain caused by these tumors is responsive to NSAIDS per the links provided, and it is not unreasonable to mention this as a vignette could easily ask for such a finding. As per John, it is pain, not the tumor itself, that is treated! Also agree with John that we could make some improvements to this fact this year. It may be worthwhile to create a Google doc to hash out how we would go about doing so. There is certainly a lot of detail that we can consider implementing for 2018. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/09/17 9:04 AM | John | Coda | jecoda15@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1778 | 438 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | mnemonic | *E*piphysis at the *e*nd of the bone | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/11/17 8:53 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1779 | 438 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542907 | Ewing sarcoma is associated with t(11;22) translocation causing fusion protein EWS-FL11 not EWS-FLI 1 | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 09/29/17 7:46 PM | Oday | Halhouli | Odayhalhouli@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1780 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis | https://www-uptodate-com.access.library.miami.edu/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-rheumatoid-arthritis?source=see_link§ionName=LABORATORY%20FINDINGS&anchor=H1597589#H1597589 | Rheumatoid arthritis: synovial fluid inflammatory (typically WBC count 1,500-20,000/mm^3). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:24 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1781 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-rheumatoid-arthritis | Subchondral bone cysts are seen in osteoarthritis, not rheumatoid arthritis (see joint findings on rheumatoid arthritis) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 07/24/17 3:10 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1782 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis | Rapid Review Goljan Pathology Fourth Edition page 643 | Baker cyst should be mentioned under Rheumatoid Arthritis (extension of semi-membranous bursa into the posterior joint space | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/29/17 8:54 AM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1783 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis | Not required | In the ABC, Bouchard is proximal and Heberden is distal. | Mnemonic | | | | 10/27/17 6:03 AM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1784 | 440 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease | N/a | This mnemonic would be useful in helping students to associated this condition, also known as "pseudogout" with positively birefringent crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. Essentially, the memory hook would be four P's: Psuedogout, Positive birefringent crystals of (calcium) PyroPhosphate. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already have an active mnemonics being worked up on annotate. Seems like we are going to go with my suggestion of "Blue P's" -Brian B | | | | 03/02/17 3:01 PM | Ryan | Kollar | rkollar@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1785 | 440 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Gout | not needed | In gout, crystals are "N"eedle shaped and "N"egatively birefringent under polarised light | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. In the text "negative birefringent" is represented with a negative sign and not the word. Would need to change it in order for this to fit. I suggest getting rid of the negative sign and replacing it with the word. Then make the "N" in "needle" and the "N" in Negative red. -Brian B | | | | 05/13/17 12:54 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1786 | 440 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Gout | http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/content/20/2/125, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uric-acid-balance | The mechanism alcohol causes hyperurecemia is wrong. It causes it via 2 mechanisms: increased uric acid production & increased uric acid reabsorption. Increased production due to enhanced turnover of ATP during the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA as part of the metabolism of ethanol. Increased uric acid reabsorption (mediated by URAT1) because of increased lactate levels (increase in intracellular levels of lactate in the PCT cells leads to increased urate reabsorption in exchange of lactate) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 08/03/17 6:55 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1787 | 440 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Gout | See attachment | Under findings, its stated underexcretion of uric acid is the major cause of Gout. Robbins 9e (pg 1214. table 26-7) states that the primary cause of gout is overproduction of uric acid with NORMAL excretion | Major erratum | Verified | I wonder if Robbins was wrong then, because all the sources I am seeing still say that underexcretion accounts for 90%. - IW http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329958-overview#a4 http://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0401/p1799.html#afp19990401p1799-b2] | | | | 08/29/17 11:27 PM | Cameron | Jacobs | cjacobs58074@med.lecom.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1788 | 441 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Sjögren syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9255327, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504284,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065339/ | The presence of SS-A (Anti-Ro) and SS-B (Anti-La) antibodies in pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of congenital heart block, the most severe manifestation of neonatal lupus syndrome, for the fetus. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Disagree that this is high-yield, and is probably not even high yield for Step 2 CK. | Reject. This fact is true but very obscure and not step1 level -JP | I'm actually in favor of adding this in. There are some antibody associations that strike me as being relatively high-yield (eg, lupus nephritis risk from dsDNA antibodies, SS-A/B antibodies and congenital heart block risk) and worth mentioning. I would add this to Annotate for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/04/17 3:24 PM | Fazilhan | Altintas | fazilhanaltintas@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1789 | 443 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Mixed connective tissue disease | https://www-uptodate-com.access.library.miami.edu/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-mixed-connective-tissue-disease?source=search_result&search=mixed%20connective%20tissue%20disease&selectedTitle=2~110 | Mixed connective tissue disease is associated with Raynaud phenomenon and pulmonary hypertension | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not bad; defer to next year. -IW | | | | 06/24/17 2:28 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1790 | 444 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | NEW FACT | None | Mnemonic for various associations with Erythema Nodosum: “I See Hard Bumps Underneath The Skin!" IBD, Sarcoidosis, Histoplasmosis, Behcet’s Disease, Unknown, TB, Streptococcal Infections | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make all the first letters red. -Brian B | | | | 01/02/17 10:46 AM | Dorothy | Mitkowski | dmitkows@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1791 | 444 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Fibromyalgia | Doctors In Training: Rheum and Derm 6 (Systemic Disorders) | Add pregabalin in treatment; specify milnacipran as SNRI of choice for fibromyalgia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Partially accept. Agree with adding pregabalin in the list of treatments. Do not agree with specifying milnacipran as an "SNRI of choice" because duloxetine is used as well and has been shown to be more effective for pain relief than milnacipran https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-treatment-of-fibromyalgia-in-adults?source=search_result&search=fibromyalgia&selectedTitle=2~150#H95200969. More importantly, I don't think making the distinction between milnacipran vs other SNRIs is high yield. --VB | Partially accept - but recommend edit to be "regular exercise, TCAs, SNRIs, gabapentin" since gabapentin is the only anticonvulsant with 1A evidence. Also recommend this order because this is the progression recommended (same article as quote below) "Several drugs or classes of drugs have strong evidence (level 1A evidence) for efficacy in treating fibromyalgia,53 including tricyclic compounds40 (amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine), gabapentinoids54 (pregabalin, gabapentin), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine,55 milnacipran56), and γ-hydroxybutyrate.43" http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1860480#jxr140001b2 -JP | I agree with the authors, and favor us listing drug classes for the treatment of fibromyalgia, as opposed to specific agents. I fully agree with us adding in gabapentin, as that is very commonly used in the management of this disorder. Lyrica and milnacipran are probably too specific and beyond scope, but you can certainly consider listing them to see what the crowd says (for all we know, they are both tested on the exam!) -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 4:22 PM | Guarina | Molina | guarinamolinamd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1792 | 444 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Sarcoidosis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid | I suggest changing the terms "steroids" and "corticosteroids" with "glucocorticoids" whenever they are mentioned. I understand this book is written by many different authors, some of which prefer the use of different terms for the same thing. Having consistent nomenclature is much better. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 12:31 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1793 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Neuromuscular junction diseases | not needed | Lambert-PREaton - autoantibodies to the PREsynaptic Ca2+ channel | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Change the next to read "Autoantibodies to presynpatic Ca2= channel (Lambert-PREaton)". Make the "pre" in "presynaptic" and the "PRE" in "Lambert-PREaton" red. -Brian B | | | | 03/19/17 1:40 AM | Jackson | Bell | jacksonbell10@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1794 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | - | Please see attached document | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. It's a bit messy, although I wish it would have fit better. -Brian B | | | | 03/27/17 6:42 AM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1795 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000428.htm/ | Suggested addition to Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis: Major causes of death include malignancy, myocarditis, respiratory failure (respiratory failure more common) I had a question that said “the organ involved in the most common cause of death in this patient (dermatomyositis) is: with kidney, heart, lung all being different answer choices. My research appears to show lung was the correct answer. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/04/17 12:33 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1796 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/80179 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17785330 | Include the other used name for anti-Jo-1 antibody: Anti- histidyl-tRNA synthetase | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 1:25 PM | Mary | Hanna | Mary.m.hanna@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1797 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184670/ | Signs of embolism in extremity (blue toe, libido reticularis), with normal peripheral pulses after an invasive vascular procedure is suspicious of thromboembolic disease with cholesterol containing debris. Are seen as needle shaped crystals clefts on biopsy. Acute kidney injury is the most common complication after a vascular procedure. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/25/17 4:40 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1798 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin layers | not needed | Layers of the epidermis: Come! Let's Get Sun Burnt. (Strata Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale) | Mnemonic | Verified | we see this mnemonic each year, and each year we reject it in favor of the one we have.--edu | Please no. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 5:10 PM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1799 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-differential-diagnosis-of-systemic-sclerosis-scleroderma-in-adults_LmM5Ge7Lw&sig2=VQGbq4UQEcPVjv4A0vHWeg | Emphasize that the calcinosis seen in CREST syndrome involves the skin (called calcinosis cutis) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Suggest revising to "Calcinosis cutis". --VB | Agree but also suggest Calcinosis Cutis. "Patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis ... may be classified as having the CREST syndrome (Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia)." https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-and-classification-of-scleroderma-disorders?source=search_result&search=calcinosis%20crest%20syndrome&selectedTitle=2~150#H2 -JP | I'm fine with this, seems like a reasonable and straightforward clarification. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/25/17 10:50 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1800 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous skin disorders | http://www.btf-thyroid.org/information/109-hair-loss-and-thyroid-disorders | Add an alopecia section, association with hyperthyroidism | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/17/17 7:06 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1801 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin layers | Pg 446 | Come Let's Get Sun Burned | Mnemonic | Verified | -Reject. See one above. Don't really want to come and get sunburnt..... -Brian B | | | | 05/24/17 2:46 PM | Tiffany | Dharia | tiffanydharia@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1802 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin layers | N/A | "Caucasian Legs Get Sun Burnt" (Corneum-Lucidum-Granulosum-Spinosum-Basale) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/06/17 10:23 AM | Andrew | Sidhu | sid360@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1803 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin layers | https://medmnemonics.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/layers-of-the-epidermis-2/ | Please change the mnemonic to "Come, Let's Get Sun Burned" - as a woman in medicine it is disheartening to see mnemonics that are objectifying women | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/14/17 9:57 AM | Caitlin | Bowen | bowen.caitlin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1804 | 447 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Epithelial cell junctions | uWorld | Please include fibronectin along with collagen and laminin. Uworld specifically asked what binds to integrin. Collagen and laminin weren't one of the answers. It was fibronectin. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Suggest revising to "by binding to collagen, laminin, and fibronectin in basement membrane". http://jcs.biologists.org/content/121/15/2452 --VB | Accept "Cells communicate with the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (Fn) through integrin receptors on the cell surface." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26244106 -JP | Excellent references by authors, fully support us migrating this over for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/04/17 4:44 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1805 | 447 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Dermatologic macroscopic terms (morphology) | www.dictionary.com | In latin, the suffix -ule means "smallness." Thus, any term ending in "ule" will be a lesion <1cm. MacULE, PapULE, PustULE. For vesicle, it could be remembered as vesicULE instead of vesicle. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too much explanation required. -Brian B | | | | 05/06/17 10:20 PM | Danna | Raslan | drasla@lsuhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1806 | 448 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Dermatologic microscopic terms | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21663940 | Change the definition of parakeratosis with this; "Retention of keratinocyte nuclei in stratum corneum". It is irrelevant whether hyperkeratosis is present or not. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 08/10/17 10:12 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1807 | 449 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Common skin disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/226337-clinical | P. acnes causes A.C.N.E. i.e. Acne, CNS/CSF shunt infections, New joint (prosthetic) arthritis, Endocarditis | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not very useful imo. -Brian B | | | | 02/25/17 9:35 PM | Akintunde | Akinsefunmi | tunde.akinsefunmi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1808 | 449 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Common skin disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-acne-vulgaris | Propionibacterium acnes has been renamed to Cutibacterium acnes | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Already changed - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 08/10/17 7:37 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1809 | 449 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Common skin disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-psoriasis, under HISTOPATHOLOGY section | I suggest the following changes in the following sentenses of psoriasis: "Acanthosis withparakeratotic scaling (nuclei still in stratum corneum), Munro microabscesses. ↑ stratum spinosum, ↓ stratum granulosum." 1.) Replace parakeratotic scaling with "parakeratosis", scaling is already mentioned at the start of the paragraph. 2) Delete (nuclei still in stratum corneum). Already mentioned in the definition of parakeratosis on pg 448. 3) Delete ↑stratum corneum, it is already mentioned at the start of the sentence (acanthosis). 4) Add "hyperkeratosis". | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 10:21 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1810 | 449 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Common skin disorders | Not needed | Verrucae is a skin infection, and it should be moved to the skin infections section on page 451 (under viral infections) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I guess this is worth mentioning, although I think it would be borderline for errata vs. defer to next year. Added to Annotate - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 08/11/17 4:48 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1811 | 450 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Vascular tumors of skin | Not needed | Cherry hemangiomas are seen in adults- adults are tall and can reach cherries that grow on trees. Strawberry hemangiomas are seen in kids- kids are small and can only reach strawberries since they grow on the ground. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I really like this. This is one of those things I have always flip flopped. I feel I can now remember it! Love it! In order for this to be the most helpful can we move the cherry hemangioma next to the strawberry hemangioma at the end the list? Then put this saying on the right side of the text between both entries. Cherry hemangiomas are seen in adults (who are tall and can reach the cherry trees) and Strawberry hemangiomas are seen in kids (who are short and can pick them because they grow on the ground.) -Brian B | | | | 03/24/17 9:50 AM | Benjamin | Jacobi | jacobi.benjamin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1812 | 450 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Vascular tumors of skin | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212737-overview#a4 | Bacillary angiomatosis is caused both by "B henselae and B quintana" so, the line ** Caused by Bartonella henselae infections** can be re-written as **Caused by Bartonella infections** or, name of both species can be mentioned. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Has been addressed in Annotate (same commenter I think) - IW 9/1/17 | | | | 05/08/17 9:46 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1813 | 450 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Vascular tumors of skin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/head-and-neck-sarcomas?source=see_link§ionName=Angiosarcoma&anchor=H24#H24 | Angiosarcoma — Angiosarcomas are aggressive tumors arising in either blood or LYMPHATIC vessels; | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/31/17 8:52 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1814 | 450 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Vascular tumors of skin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-benign-lesions-of-the-skin?source=search_result&search=Glomus%20tumor&selectedTitle=1~28#H14616899 | Histologically, glomus tumor is a well-circumscribed dermal nodule composed of glomus cells, vasculature, and smooth muscle cell | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/31/17 9:13 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyabjmu@163.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1815 | 451 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin infections | FA 2017 | Under "Bacterial infections," "Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome" is noted to have a "+ Nikolsky sign," but the Nikolsky sign is not explained until the next page under "Pemphigus vulgaris." It would be nice if the first mention of the Nikolsky sign had an explanation of it, so consider switching the information on these pages or moving just the explanation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Agree that the first mention of Nikolsky sign deserves the parenthetical explanation. --VB | Agree w VB - JP | Have to agree, we should define the Nikolsky sign where it first appears, which i nthis case is page 451. This text can thus be migrated one page prior to where the sign is first mentioned: "(separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin)." -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/25/17 6:50 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 1816 | 451 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin infections | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-treatment-of-epstein-barr-virus-infection?source=search_result&search=EBV&selectedTitle=1~150#H1 | The OHL lesions appear to be relatively specific for HIV infection, since they are only rarely observed in patients with other immunodeficiencies | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/28/17 8:44 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1817 | 451 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Posterior fossa malformations | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B978032328782100188X?scrollTo=%23hl0000310 | "Dandy Walker's Sister got 4th in Vermont" Dandy Walker Malformation, Sister (Cystic enlargement), 4th (4th ventricle), Vermont (Agenesis of the cerebellar vermis) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Oh god no. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/16/17 10:20 PM | Philip | Chacko | chackoph@msu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1818 | 452 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Blistering skin disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1063499-clinical#b1 | Pemphigoid Gestationis, autoimmune bullous dermatosis of pregnancy, The disease was originally named herpes gestationis.Most patients develop antibodies against 2 hemidesmosomal proteins, BP180 (BPAG2, collagen XVII) and less frequently BP230. Cross-reactivity between placental tissue and skin has been proposed to play a role. Pemphigoid gestationis typically manifests during late pregnancy, with an abrupt onset of extremely pruritic urticarial papules and blisters on the abdomen and trunk. Unrelenting pruritus often interferes with daily activities. The rash spreads peripherally, often sparing the face, palms, and soles. Mucosal lesions occur in less than 20% of cases. Patients may have secondary infections at blister sites. | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Reject. Strongly disagree that this is high yield for Step 1. --VB | Agree that this is low-yield - JP | Will agree with this authors that this is likely lower yield and need not be considered. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/11/17 5:03 PM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1819 | 452 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | NEW FACT | n/a | way to remember key differences between pemphigus vulgaris & bullous pemphigoid: Bullous pemphigoid is "half as bad" (clinically less severe than pemphigus) and has antibodies against the hemidesmosome (where the half in half as bad comes from). For pemphigus vulgaris, you can remember it involves the oral mucosa since it shares part of its name with acne vulgaris, which we all primarily associate with face. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Just no. -Brian B | | | | 02/22/17 2:35 PM | Hollis | Johanson | hollisjohanson@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1820 | 452 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Blistering skin disorders | https://books.google.com/books?id=z7tzx76I4t8C&pg=PA396&lpg=PA396&dq=bullous+pemphigoid+type+II+hypersensitivity+reaction&source=bl&ots=oKQTTkbROx&sig=EHNVRRiKyLRJyZ56ynC-ayi8IIY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjnwtvpktXTAhWJZCYKHRO2DKkQ6AEIaDAL#v=onepage&q=bullous%20pemphigoid%20type%20II%20hypersensitivity%20reaction&f=false | Bullous pemphigoid is also a Type II hypersensitivity reaction, not just Pemphigus vulgaris, so this is not a distinguishing feature between the two. "Type II hypersensitivity reaction" is written alongside Pemphigus vulgaris but not alongside Bullous pemphigoid, implying that only the former is a Type II hypesensitivity reaction when in fact they both are. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think this makes sense; will move to Annotate. - IW | | | | 05/03/17 10:12 PM | Suzanne | Piccione | suzanne.piccione@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1821 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | NEW FACT | "HERALD gets a PITY(Pityriasis) kiss by ROSIE (Rosea) Underneath the CHRISTMAS TREE TRUNK" | Pityriasis Rosea has Herald patch and often involves Christmas tree distribution on trunk. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. This is pretty bad imo. -Brian B | | | | 05/02/17 11:39 PM | Chan Ho | Shin | chanhoshin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1822 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/bleeding-due-to-abnormal-blood-vessels/senile-purpura/ | Suggested addition to Dermatology: Purpura senalis/Senile purpura. Presents in elderly patients as recurring petechiae, purpura, or ecchymosis following minor trauma. Due to weakening of collagen and easy breakage of capillaries with age. Normal blood panel and vitamin levels (rules out immune thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, Vitamin K deficiency) | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Would reject. Similar to the acrochordon suggestion below, I think this is something that is super common but not necessarily high yield for Step 1 | | | | 07/04/17 12:46 PM | Eric | Mong | ermong@utmb.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1823 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-benign-lesions-of-the-skin | Acrochordons, commonly known as skin tags, are an outgrowth of normal skin. They appear as pedunculated lesions on narrow stalks. Skin tags occur in approximately 50 percent of adults; the risk increases with age [1]. Skin tags also appear with increased frequency during the second trimester of pregnancy and may regress postpartum . | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Reject, do not feel that this is high yield for Step 1, especially not enough to warrant a new Fact. | | | | 07/28/17 4:44 PM | Christopher | Perez | christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1824 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1081633-overview | Erythema nodosum association: CCHILS (Chron's disease, Cryptococcus, Histoplasmosis, streptococcal Infections, Leprosy, Sarcoidosis) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/06/17 5:29 PM | Gabriela | Urcuyo | gabrielaurcuyo@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1825 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Miscellaneous skin disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lichen-planus?source=search_result&search=lichen%20planus&selectedTitle=1~147 | Cutaneous Lichen Planus lesions also have Wickham striae, it's not only a manifestation of Mucosal Lichen Planus. | Minor erratum | | | | 10/19/17 4:26 PM | Sadjjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1826 | 454 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin cancer | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-stage-i-and-ii-early-head-and-neck-cancer-the-oral-cavity?source=machineLearning&search=lip&selectedTitle=5~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H8#H8 | A simple drawing of a lip can help you remember which skin cancers are most often found on the upper and lower lips. The upper lip outline resembles a B, designating that pathology of an upper lip lesion is more likely basal cell cancer while the lower lip contour resembles the top portion of an S, designating that pathology of a lower lip lesion is more likely to be squamous cell carcinoma. Please see attached image for further clarification. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Added to Annotate for early review. -CD | Agreed, accept - JP | Clever! Have to agree, this is worth considering, while these location associations are often controversial, they are still "classical" teaching and worth considering. Agree with addition. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/09/17 3:28 PM | Camille | Davis | camille.davis@bcm.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 1827 | 454 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Skin cancer | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20546211 | Can you please include protein patched homolog-1 (PTCH-1) gene as being the most common gene mutation in basal cell carcinoma. PTCH-1 and smoothened (SMO) protein being major players in the sonic hedgehog pathway. The current FDA approval of SMO protein inhibitors such as sonidegib and vismodegib in the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Reject. Disagree that this is high yield for Step 1 - VB | | | | 05/16/17 3:46 PM | Christopher | Kaingo, M.D. | ck898@georgetown.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1828 | 454 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | Centerwatch FDA approvals | It's time to add the sonic hedgehog pathway antimelanoma drugs here given the number approved and melanomas prominence in the news (eg former president carter, senator john mccain) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I don't think this is high yield for Step 1. --VB | | | | 10/09/17 1:04 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1829 | 454 | Index | | | Dermatology | INDEX | Page 454 of First Aid 2017 edition | The "lentigo maligna" that has been mentioned in the Page 454 has not been added in the Index. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 07/16/17 8:00 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1830 | 455 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Acetaminophen | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/742445_2 | While Acetaminophen does reversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase as a whole, it predominantly acts on COX-2 | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept, although would appreciate others' feedback. I'm finding conflicting information as to whether or not the mechanism of acetominophen is fully understood. These sources support the suggested edit: http://ard.bmj.com/content/71/1/20 , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17884974 . Suggest revising to: "Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (preferentially COX-2), mostly in CNS..."--VB | Agree w/ VB's suggested edit. Appears mechanism is unknown but shows some COX-2 preference. "Despite the similarities to NSAIDs, the mode of action of paracetamol has been uncertain, but it is now generally accepted that it inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 through metabolism by the peroxidase function of these isoenzymes. ...Paracetamol often appears to have COX-2 selectivity." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719833 -JP | Interesting, and the linked references all do seem to support this preference for COX-2. My concern is that it doesn't seem to be a "slam dunk" finding, AKA, it is still mired in some controversy. As a result, I do not have a sense of how high yield this is. My gut feeling is that it is not too important for medical students at the Step 1 level to know this about acetaminophen and other similar derivatives. I will flag this one for expert review to see what our faculty think, and we can go from there, in addition to having crowd support. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | 2018 not changed. | Reject | | | | 03/27/17 3:27 AM | Joshua | Radparvar | joshua.radparvar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 1831 | 456 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Aspirin | No need for reference | Aspirin is for PAAIN; low dose Platelets, intermediate dose Analgesia and Antipyretic, high dose INflammation | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/20/17 11:52 PM | Abdulhameed | Qashqary | msq995@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1832 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Teriparatide | https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a603018.html | TeriPARAtide is a PARAthyroid hormone analog. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make "para" in "Teriparatide" red along with changing the mechanism text to read "Recombinant parathyroid (PTH) analog..." while making the "para" in "parathyroid" red as well. -Brian B | | | | 03/12/17 6:31 PM | Zachary | Vega | scrambledveggs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1833 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Gout drugs | http://www.webmd.com/drugs/condition-714-Chronic+Inflammation+of+the+Joints+due+to+Gout.aspx?names-dropdown=MS | FebuXOstat is an XO inhibitor. PeglotiCASE is a recombinant uriCASE. PRObenecid PROhibits reabsorption of uric acid. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Make the "xo" in "febuxostat" and the "x" in xanthine and "o" in "oxidase" red. In terms of probenecid entry, I suggest changing the text form "inhibits reabsorption..." to "provents (prevents) reabsorption..." while making the "pro" in probenecid and "pro" in "provents" red. In terms of the Pegloticase entry, make "case" in "pegloticase" and "case" in "ricase" red. -Brian B | | | | 03/12/17 6:36 PM | Zachary | Vega | scrambledveggs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1834 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Gout drugs | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-acute-gout | "Avoid salicylates (may decrease uric acid excretion, particularly at low doses)." is listed in the text, but the figure correctly says that high dose salicylates actually increase uric acid excretion. Additionally the dose should be listed for "low dose" as 3 grams is quite a lot. To simplify things I propose saying something like "high doses of aspirin (>3g) increase uric acid excretion, but is generally contraindicated" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Partially accept. Suggest revising to "avoid coadministering low-dose salicylates...". I don't think dosing is high yield for Step 1. --VB | Agreed w VB, change to "avoid low-dose salicylates which may decrease uric acid excretion" - JP | Note that we already make mention of the difference between low-dose and high-dose salicylates in the accompanying diagram. I agree that the text should better match what is written! I would also consider replacing "avoid salicylates" with "use salicylates with caution" because, in practice, very few people are going to discontinue low-dose aspirin (with its incredible cardiovascular protective effects) just to slightly influence the risk of gout. Otherwise, I don't think any major changes are needed here. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/28/17 2:56 PM | Jonathan | Macleod | studentjonmacleod@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1835 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Gout drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2233605/ | Allopurinol at low doses is a competitive inhibitor, but at high doses it is a non-competitive inhibitor. While oxypurinol is only a noncompetitive inhibitor | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/04/17 8:56 PM | Ana | Collins | anacollins2262@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1836 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | Me | Infliximab *inflicts* damage to TNF alpha directly | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Could confuse TNF-alpha with anything when thinking it inflicts onto something. -Brian B | | | | 06/09/17 3:38 PM | Maelynn | La | maelynn.la2@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1837 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Gout | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/zyloprim-aloprim-allopurinol-342811#10 | ...conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate. - that is the end result but allopurinol prevents the formation of uric acid. High uric acid levels deposit as monosodium urate crystals. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 08/16/17 5:24 PM | Tahir | Ahmad | tahirmahil@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1838 | 457 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Sleep physiology | N/A | Stage N3: "3 NoBoDy'S" 3=N3 - N=N3 and Night Terrors - B=Bruxism - D=Delta - S=Sleepwalking | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | 2016 -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 1:12 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1839 | 460 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Regional specification of developing brain | not needed | "Post-Traumatic Disorder Makes Restless Military Men." Prosencephalon- Telencephalon, Diencephalon. Mesencephalon. Rhombencephalon- Metencephalon, Myelencephalon. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Thanks for the submission. I do not find it helpful for the following reasons. 1. The mnemonic incorporates two stages of development into one which might be a confusing. 2. There are three "M"s here. One can easily mix them up. 3. We already have a proposal in Neurology from Wave 3 that is currently "Accepted by AU". It distinguishes between the three Ms and the first two parts of the developing brain much better. | Great feedback Humood. For the reasons you describe, I would also vote to reject this mnemonic. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 5:29 PM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1840 | 460 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Neural development | no reference | Bold s in dorsal/posterior and sensory (ventral/anterior and motor doesn't have s) | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting and seems like an easy fix. I am on board. | I agree, seems like a quick/easy adjustment that could improve the fact, let's migrate for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 10:08 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1841 | 460 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Neural development | no reference | Bold neur in neural plate-neural tube-neural crest and neuroectoderm | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting and seems like an easy fix. I am on board. | I agree, seems like a quick/easy adjustment that could improve the fact, let's migrate for consideration. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 10:12 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1842 | 460 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Central and peripheral nervous systems origins | This is a mnemonic from the answer explanation of UWorld question ID 771. | This is a mnemonic to remember the derivatives of neural crest cells: MOTEL PASS --> Melanocytes, Odontoblasts, Tracheal cartilage, Enterochromaffin cells, Laryngeal cartilage, Parafollicular thyroid cells, Adrenal medulla and All ganglia, Schwann cells, Spiral membrane. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This mnemonic has been proposed in Neurology Crowdsourcing in Wave 3. It has been rejected (by AU). Below is a copy of Neuro Author response. -------- Thank you for your suggestion. We plan to add to the reproductive chapter this year. So, I am rejecting the comment here, since this is more geared towards neuro cells. ------- | "MOTEL PASS" is an odd mnemonic too, in addition to Humood's feedback. I will support rejection. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/21/17 2:16 PM | Kevan | Mamdouhi | kmamdouhi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1843 | 460.00 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Central and peripheral nervous system | N/A | On p460 it specifically mentions that in the CNS, microglia are different than most other structures because of their mesodermal origin. However, on p581, this same distinction is not made and microglia are not specified in the mesoderm section. The mnemonic to 'think CNS' for neural tube structures is misleading without a clarification that microglia are mesodermal. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree that we could add this, however will need to defer to next year. -KS | | | | 05/26/17 1:16 PM | Rachel | Fayne | rachel.fayne15@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1844 | 460 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Neural development | N/a | Mnemonic to memorize alar plate is dorsal and sensory: "Aladdin (alar plate) has back pain" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 2:32 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1845 | 460 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Regional specification of developing brain | N/A | To remember Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon, you can highlight in red MESencephalon, METencephalon, MYElencephalon-- they are in alphabetical order from rostral-->caudal. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 8:17 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1846 | 460 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Regional specification of developing brain | N/A | To remember the order of the secondary vesicles: TELL Dad ME MET MY SPouse: For TELencephalon, Diencephalon, MEsencephalon, METencephalon, MYencephalon, SPinal cord | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/26/17 10:18 PM | Joseph | Moffitt | joseph.moffitt@uth.tmc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1847 | 461 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Neural tube defects | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/311113-workup | Approach Considerations on spinia bifida, Peak concentrations of AFP in the 13th to 15th weeks of pregnancy permit diagnosis, and ultrasonographic confirmation with amniocentesis generally is possible at 15-18 weeks. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This would be beyond the scope of Step 1, more likely to be asked on shelf exam or Step 2. Would not recommend this addition. -VV | This is likely low-yield for Step 1. Cross-referenced with Rapid review pathology and high-yield neuroanatomy. JY | Agree with Jun & Vaishnavi, will not recommend addition. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/31/17 4:37 PM | Michelle A | Mares Coll | mm58555@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1848 | 461 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Neural tube defects | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spina-bifida/basics/symptoms/con-20035356 | First aid currently includes spina bifida occulta like a neural tube deffect, when is actually a vertebral closure defect. (This mildest form results in a small separation or gap in one or more of the bones (vertebrae) of the spine.) | Minor erratum | Verified | I wouldn't go out of my way to separate spina bifida occulta from meningocele and myelomeningocele on this technicality. Didactically speaking, they're 3 stages of severity with the same general process. Will tag for faculty input but I'm inclined to say no change. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Jeffrey Gold | spina bifida occulta is considered neural tube defect. The bony structures of the spinal column, and the peripheral nervous system structures intimately associated with the spine like the dorsal root ganglia, all develop in conjunction. No change is needed. | Reject | | No changed needed per Dr. Gold. | | | 01/31/17 10:38 PM | Karina | Escalona | karinaescalona0910@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||
| 1849 | 461 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Neural tube defects | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/311113-overview?pa=46l6632hz8jtS9XwyBifkQW0ee6ZoHupUSO98t44%2F%2BoB2OUeqptRlhfpgP3Iar0YcFrqow%2Bf2%2F37XuRaZT6JAA%3D%3D ; http://www.pedbase.org/m/myeloschisis/ ; http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/hdisqueembry/patholdisque03.html | I think it will be appropriate to add in the section of neural tube defects the myelocele or myelochisis which is a variety of spina bifida. Myelocele or myelochisis is the most severe form of spina bifida cystica, in this defect the neural folds fail to meet and fuse leaving the spinal cord open and the involved area represented by a flattened, plate-like mass of nervous tissue with no overlying skin or membrane. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think I remember a question on my neuro NBME on the topic, but the term was "rachischisis" instead. Really not sure how HY this is to officially add to FA (I just wrote it into FA and that was fine imo). From google - myeloschisis is found in pre-test, Lippincott's Q&A, and Kaplan's anatomy prep book. If added could read "Myeloschisis - most severe form, exposed unfused neural tissue without skin/meningeal covering". -KS https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T901069/Tethered-cord-syndrome https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spina-bifida | Hmm, if present in Lippincott/Kaplan/Pre-Test resources (although pre-test is for shelf exams), I guess I can see merit to including since it's more of a new subfact in our general NTD framework and won't take that much effort to incorporate. I like Kalli's proposed wording, pasted again below: "Myeloschisis - most severe form, exposed unfused neural tissue without skin/meningeal covering". When migrating to Annotate, tag for faculty review to just sign off on new content (yellow tag) -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/24/17 12:47 PM | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | leidylauragh14@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1850 | 462 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Syringomyelia | Myself | For the S in Syringomyelia, think of Superman: He wears a cape, he doesn't feel pain or heat (temperature), but he still senses fine touch. | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline (feel free to agree/disagree). I am not a fan of this mnemonic. However, it follows a story-based approach, so it might be worth considering. Let's add it and see what Neuro authors think of it. | I'll tip the scales to reject. Some of it is clever. But he does feel pain and heat (he's just immune to it I suppose), and the fine touch part is odd (why can he feel that?) Would say to reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/16/17 3:34 PM | Timothy | Nguyen | tnguye28@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1851 | 462 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Syringomyelia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1151685-treatment#d9 | Treatment: Surgical decompression of cavity | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Questions related to syringomyelia usually ask about the diagnosis rather than the treatment of the condition. Would not recommend this addition. -VV | This is likely low-yield for Step 1. JY | Agree x2, will not recommend addition. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 12:30 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1852 | 462 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Posterior fossa malformations | not needed | Dandy-Walker also DANCES. D=Dandy-Walker malformation, A=agenesis of cerebellar vermis, N=non-communicating hydrocephalus, C=cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle, E=enlarged posterior fossa, S=spina bifida | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I am on board. | I'm willing to give this one a chance as well, it is not bad. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/25/17 9:34 AM | Rebecca D. | Chou | rebchou@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1853 | 462 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/408059-overview | Dandy Walker Syndrome (DWS) --> (D)ialated 4th ventricle, (W)ater in brain, hydrocephalus, (S)mall vermis | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry not a fan of this mnemonic. The row above has a better mnemonic, in my opinion, which incorporates more features of DWS. | I'll agree with Humood here. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/29/17 11:37 AM | Mit | Chauhan | mit.chauhan12@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1854 | 462 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Embryology | Posterior fossa malformations | N/A | Dandy-Walker syndrome: the cerebellar vermis helps you "walk"; or another way to remember could be that the cerebellar vermis makes you a "dandy walker" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry not a fan of this mnemonic. There is better mnemonic few rows above for DWS. | I'll agree with Humood here. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/14/17 10:39 AM | Vincent | Campiti | vcampiti@indiana.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1855 | 463 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Tongue development | "Before We are Born" Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects pg. 114 | Current text states: "1st and 2nd brachial arches form anterior 2/3's [of tongue] (thus sensation via CN v3, taste via CN VII). Correction: The chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve [CN VII] innervates all taste buds in the anterior 2/3's of the tongue EXCEPT the vallate papillae. The vallate papillae in the anterior tongue are innervated by CN IX. Important because the CN IX innervation is coming of the third pharyngeal arch, as the second pharyngeal arch component of the anterior 2/3's of the tongue is overgrown by the third arch component. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree and Disagree! - Agree because the user is correct in the sense that the vallate papillae are supplied by the IX nerve (Per Before We Are Born Ninth Edition, and Developing Human Tenth Edition) - Disagree because I believe the tongue illustration provided does account for this. The "Sensation and taste via IX" label does include the region containing vallate papillae. - My opinion: we could leave the text as is, and ask the illustration team to draw the vallate papillae on the current image of the tongue. This will improve the anatomy of the image and help students to appreciate the concept. Below is a link to a google image to show what I am trying to say. https://www.google.ie/search?q=tongue+anatomy&espv=2&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwi4oOiWyqbTAhWrAMAKHQMEAPsQ_AUIBigB&biw=1440&bih=803#tbm=isch&q=vallate+papillae&imgrc=dDEOZl-8od-FNM: -HB | Agree - I like the suggestion from HB regarding adding vallate papillae in the diagram for completeness, even though the labeling does include that portion of the tongue correctly. -KS | | | | 03/20/17 3:35 PM | Elizabeth | Benge | ebenge@sgu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1856 | 463 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899434-overview#a2 | Clarification on tongue anatomy: may be prudent to mention that special sensory taste is carried by the chorda tympani nerve of CNVII, may also be prudent to mention that if there is an injury to the hypoglossal nerve that the tongue will deviate towards the side of the lesion. Helpful mnemonic: the genie comes out of the bottle (genioglossus muscle protrudes the tongue) | Clarification to current text | Verified | We mention the chorda tympani on p. 491. CN XII lesion is described on page 517. Reject SS | Agree with rejection. -AC | | | | 05/10/17 11:50 AM | carl | provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1857 | 463 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Tongue development | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-anomalies-of-the-jaw-mouth-oral-cavity-and-pharynx | The anterior 2/3 of tongue are derived from the 1st arch only (the 2nd arch does not contribute to its formation). The chorda tympani nerve (branch of CN7) normally grows inside the 1st pharyngral arch | Minor erratum | Verified | I'm confused about what needs to be changed per this comment. -KS | I would reject this suggestion as well. -AC | | | | 05/14/17 7:55 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1858 | 463 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Tongue development | UWorld / http://www.neuroexam.com/neuroexam/content27.html | With a lesion of the CN XII, loss of nerve stimulation to genioglossus will cause tongue to point to the side of lesion on protrusion of tongue. This test is used clinically to evaluate CN XII lesion. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Covered on p 517. Reject -SS | Agree with rejection. -AC | | | | 05/16/17 1:01 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1859 | 463 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy | Tongue development | Netter anatomy | Add the terminal sulcus and foramen cecum to image of tongue. Terminal sulcus divides tongue in anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We already discussed this previously re illustrations. -KS | Agree. I think this has been planned for addition in 2019. -AC | | | | 06/21/17 6:02 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1860 | 464 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Schwann cells | First Aid 2017 | A way to memorize that a Schwann cell myelinates only 1 PNS axon is writing , Schwann=Sch-ONE. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already on Annotate from Wave 3 of Crowdsourcing | Duplicate as per Humood. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/08/17 11:33 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1861 | 464 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Sensory receptors | N/a | I suggest deleting the section on sensory receptors. This information is time consuming to memorize and seems low-yield. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I remember having questions on this topic. However I do think the current text is hard to study from. We should plan for next year to improve the section. -KS | I had questions from this topic too. Maybe we can get it into a flowchart rather than a table? -AC | | | | 06/24/17 2:35 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1862 | 465 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Neurotransmitter changes with disease | on FA2016 and all previous, says serotonin levels should increase. | On neurotransmitter changes with disease chart, it says for Parkinson's disease serotonin levels decreases. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Yes, I see we made this change in the arrow between FAS1 2016 and FAS1 2017. Below are links to the sources which were provided at the time. I don't think we had faculty signoff on this issue since it was actually deferred from 2015 and accepted early in the cycle. I'll tag accordingly. This particular submission doesn't have any sources except for past editions of FAS1, which is insufficient obviously. http://www.neurology.org/content/51/2_Suppl_2/S2.short http://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/Resources/Podcasts/Editors-Choice-Article-Archives/Review-Serotonin-and-Parkinsons-disease-On-movement-mood-and-madness-.htm -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Jeffrey Gold | I'm actually not sure this is settled science. Certainly people with Parkinsons are often depressed and there is some thought SSRI help, which might suggest decreased serotonin, but there might be compensatory changes in serotonin receptors that account for that so the argument isn't convincing. All articles I can find essentially say "We're looking into it" like this one https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25086269. At least ask an adult neurologist, I can honestly say I don't know | | | | 02/11/17 8:03 AM | Katherine | Woo | swoo@health.usf.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 1863 | 465 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Neurotransmitter changes with disease | Myself | ACEtylcholine - BASal Nucleus of Meynert - Ace of Base Dopamine - Ventral tegmentum, SNpc - SNoop Vent(went) hunting for dope ( Dopamine is increased in Huntington) GABA - Nucleus accumbens - Grab a cucumber Norepinephrine - Locus ceruleus - No Loco Serotonin - Raphe nucleus - Sir Rotten Raphe or Rotten Ralph | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/29/17 10:35 AM | Sarthak | Aryal | sarthak.aryal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1864 | 465 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Neurotransmitter changes with disease | One example here, but literally any paper discussing the levels of dopamine in Huntonton's Disease agrees: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnins.2013.00114. A quick google of Huntington's Disease Dopamine will return numerous results stating this. | Dopamine levels initially increase in Huntington's Disease (as noted in the text), but they then decrease significantly as the disease changes course later in it's progression. From a recent paper: "during the early hyperkinetic stage of HD, DA levels are increased whereas expression of DA receptors is reduced. In contrast, in the late akinetic stage, DA levels are significantly decreased and resemble those of a Parkinsonian state. | Minor erratum | Verified | I don't remember having any questions differentiating the hyperkinetic vs akinetic stages of Huntington's. -KS | Agree with rejecting suggestion. Depth of material not HY for Step 1. -AC | | | | 07/18/17 9:44 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jschutzman@temple.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1865 | 465 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Meninges | N/A | In order to remember the three layers and what their function is, use PAD (Pia, Arachnoid, Dura). The meningies are a PADding on top of the brain and spinal cord. They are also in that order: Pia is on top of the brain and Dura is farther away. | Mnemonic | | | | 10/26/17 12:20 AM | Shani | Aharon | shani.aharon@umassmed.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1866 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | not needed | Adenohypophysis is spelled Adenohyophysis | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. -CD | | | | 01/09/17 10:21 AM | Gilberto | Aquino | gilberto_1902@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1867 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | none | It says Hyopthalamus | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. -CD | | | | 01/09/17 10:47 AM | Andreina | Moreno | andreina_mr13@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1868 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-in-adults-etiology-and-natural-history?source=search_result&search=hypothalamic%20obesity%20syndrome&selectedTitle=1~17#H28 | If you have damage to the Lateral area you get Lean, if you have damage to the VentroMedial are you get Very Massive | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already proposed in Wave 3 of Crowdsourcing process. It was accepted by AU. No need to duplicate. - Humood B | Duplicate as per Humood. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/14/17 4:09 PM | Lina | Marenco | linamarenco91@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1869 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | original mnemonic | supra-Optic and para-Ventricular for Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The mnemonic itself is interesting. However, it is not correct and could be misleading. While there is slight overlap between the two, SupraOptic nuclei secrete Vasopressin, and paraVentricular nuclei secrete Oxytocin. The proposed mnemonic might mislead the reader into thinking that "O"s go together and "V"s go together. ----- Ref Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13Ed. Chapter: Pituitary Hormones and Their Control by the Hypothalamus "ADH is formed primarily in the supraoptic nuclei, whereas oxytocin is formed primarily in the paraventricular nuclei. Each of these nuclei can synthesize about one sixth as much of the second hormone as of its primary hormone." - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/02/17 6:19 PM | Christian | Smith | crs1990@uab.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1870 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | Spelling | Adenohypophysis is missing a "p." it's shown as adenohyophysis | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | This change was already migrated to annotate. This seems like a double submission to me. -AC | Good catch, yes, there is indeed a typo here. -AZ Update: tagged as duplicate submission. Already received earlier. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 3:28 PM | Thomas | Boyle | tab127@miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1871 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | First Aid 2017 | Lateral area stimulated - love food and become hungry | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We already had a better mnemonic proposed in Wave 3 of Crowdsourcing period for the lateral area of the hypothalamus. That mnemonic was accepted (by ED). No need to add this mnemonic. - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/07/17 12:01 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1872 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | First Aid 2017 | Ventromedial area stimulated - place hands on belly (ventromedial location) when full (satiated) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We already had a better mnemonic proposed in Wave 3 of Crowdsourcing period for the lateral area of the hypothalamus. That mnemonic was accepted (by ED). No need to add this mnemonic. - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/07/17 12:06 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1873 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | not needed | From a student perspective, the mnemonics regarding the ventromedial and lateral areas of the hypothalamus are unclear. To me, it's difficult to determine whether "zap" means "stimulate" or "lesion" from these mnemonics. Perhaps students would benefit from clarification that a LESION in these areas would result in the "shrinking" and "growing". Thank you! | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree this could be changed. I actually used a different mnemonic. Defer to next year. -KS | | | | 06/08/17 5:12 PM | Megan | Smith | megsmithms@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1874 | 466 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Hypothalamus | spelling mistake | hyopthalamus spelling mistake | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | I think this has been corrected (p 480 now) -SS | | | | 07/05/17 3:11 AM | Joy | Badaoui | jsb10@mail.aub.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1875 | 467 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Sleep physiology | None | To remember that bruxism occurs during stage N2 of non-REM sleep, use the mnemonic "two"th grinding. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Seems like a reasonable mnemonic and an easy fix. "twoth" sounds like "tooth". -Humood B | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/18/17 8:29 PM | Taylor | Maney | TLManey@aol.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1876 | 467 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Sleep physiology | N/A | This mnemonic would be used to remember three features of stage 3 of non-REM sleep. Specifically the mnemonic contains the acronym "NBD," which would stand for nightmares, bed wetting, and delta waves. The mnemonic could read as, "Stage 3 is NBD." | Mnemonic | Duplicate | Duplicate submission per triage | | | | 02/03/17 2:30 PM | Ryan | Kollar | rkollar@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1877 | 467 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Sleep physiology | N/a | There might have been an error in my previous submission. Please find my corrected submission here. This mnemonic would be used to remember three features of stage 3 of non-REM sleep. Specifically the mnemonic contains the acronym "NBD," which would stand for night terrors, bed wetting, and delta waves. The mnemonic could read as, "Stage 3 is NBD." | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline reject. Sorry but not really a fan of this mnemonic. "NBD" is not specific. I do not believe it is a good mnemonic as it requires the reader to know what each letter stand for. The rhyme between "NBD" and "3" alone does not justify adding the mnemonic here. -Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/03/17 2:34 PM | Ryan | Kollar | rkollar@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1878 | 467 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Effects of strokes | N/A | Locked-In Syndrome= Basilar Artery: "LOCKED in the BASEment" | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 02/09/17 7:37 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1879 | 467 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Effects of strokes | http://www.strokecenter.org/professionals/stroke-diagnosis/stroke-syndromes/weber-syndrome/ | Under: "Posterior Cerebral Artery", Add: WEBER SYNDROME: CN3- Ipsilateral weakness, drooping eyelid, double vision / Corticospinal Tract- Contralateral upper and lower extremity weakness | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 02/09/17 7:40 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1880 | 467 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Sleep physiology | none needed | REM subsection states: "increase 'and' variable pulse and blood pressure" Should be increase "in" | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree/disagree. Both the values for HR/BP and their variability increase so would not just change the "and" to "in" as the submitter suggested. Consider changing to "increase pulse/blood pressure with increase variability" (using up arrows like formatting). Also noticed the ACh fact should be separated with punctuation from the pulse/BP fact. OR it could be added to the paragraph at the top of the page by "norepinephrine also decrease REM sleep" for better organization grouping neurotransmitters. Could conslidate to "REM sleep associated with increase ACh and decrease NE" (using arrows) instead. -KS https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797399/ Article says: " Thus, the transition from NREM to REM is accompanied by a significant increase of HR, BP, and MSNA, and, more interestingly, not stable but with continuous fluctuations of the cardiovascular system, suggesting that cardiovascular control is very complex and influenced by several factors during this sleep stage.." | I agree the wording is a bit off here. Suggest "Loss of motor tone, ↑brain O2 use, ↑ pulse variability, ↑ blood pressure, ↑ACh" - Sarah | | | | 04/21/17 1:26 AM | Zaki | Azam | zaki.azam2@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1881 | 467 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Sleep physiology | None Needed | In REM sleep description it states" increase and variable pulses and blood pressure increased ACh", it should be " increased variable pulses and blood pressure, increased ACh". Basically an extra "and" should be deleted and a comma should be added. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/06/17 10:50 AM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1882 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Thalamus | n/a | This mnemonic is used to remember the difference between ventral and medial posterior-lateral nuclei of the thalamus. VPL=Very Pretty Legs and VPM=Very Pretty Mouth. This helps me to remember that the VPL is sensory information from the body/extremities and that VPM is sensory information from the face. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already on annotate from Wave 3. No need to duplicate. - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/24/17 11:57 AM | Robert Harmon | Harmon | rharmon@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1883 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Thalamus | no reference | At VPM nucleus add and integrate in mnemonic: taste-tongue-mouth-face; or taste-tongue-masseter-mastication-mouth-face. bold "M" in masseter-mastication-mouth. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry, but I find it quite complicated. I do not know why should we address "masseter", "mastication", and "mouth" separately. I believe that Masseter is a muscle of Mastication that is found in the Mouth. - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/13/17 1:10 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1884 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Limbic system | None needed. | The mnemonic states '5 F's' however one of the F is Sex which does not begin with F. I would suggest changing Sex to Fornication which begins with F and complete the 5F's | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. While the user is technically correct by saying that there is no "F" in "Sex", I do not see a need to change it. The reason is explained in Editors's (AZ) comment on the right. - Humood B | http://imgur.com/gallery/U7Ghu2s -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/14/17 12:47 PM | Humza | Saleem | saleemhumza@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1885 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Thalamus | none needed | The lateral geniculate nucleus should be changed from Lateral=Light to Lateral = Looking. This association with the direct action of the nucleus will be a better memory hook for students than the current "Lateral=Light" association. | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. "Looking" is definitely better that "Light" when addressing Vision. - Humood B | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/26/17 4:11 PM | Frank | c | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1886 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Limbic system | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/papez-circuit-1 | Mnemonic for Papez Circuit pathway: MATCH (Mammillary bodies --> Anterior Thalamus --> Cingulate gyrus --> Hippocampus) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. While it is definitely an interesting mnemonic, the row immediately below has a similar but more comprehensive mnemonic which I accepted. No need to duplicate. - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/05/17 4:07 PM | Leah | Beland | lbeland@knights.ucf.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1887 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy | Limbic system | Mnemonic | The structures of the limbic system can be remembered with the Mnemonic "MATCH" M = Mammillary Body, AT = Anterior Thalamus, C = Cingulate Gyrus, H = Hippocampus or "MATCHEs" to add the entorhinal cortex | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic. I am on board. - Humood B | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/10/17 10:19 AM | Matthew | Spano | matthew.a.spano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1888 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | none needed | Tuberoinfundibular pathway - Your tube(penis) goes without fun( decreased libido) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not appropriate and not really needed, in my opinion. - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/20/17 4:50 PM | Brian | Varughese | varughesebrian@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1889 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | none needed | Mesolimbic- to distinguish Mesocortical and mesolimbic, "you limbo when your positive" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry but I do not find it appealing as a mnemonic. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/20/17 4:53 PM | Brian | Varughese | varughesebrian@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1890 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | not needed | The mesoCORtical pathway makes you retreat into your CORe (negative symptoms), while the mesoLIMBic pathway makes you go out on a LIMB (positive symptoms) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting story-like mnemonic. - Humood B | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/29/17 5:01 PM | Greg | Muller | muller.gd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1891 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Dopaminergic pathways | https://www-uptodate-com.archer.luhs.org/contents/tardive-dyskinesia-etiology-and-epidemiology?source=search_result&search=tardive%20dyskinesia&selectedTitle=3~150 | Tardive dyskinesia is listed as an effect of decreased activity of the nigrostriatial tract; in fact it is due to increased sensitivity to dopamine in that tract | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/05/17 7:24 PM | Patrick | Coughlin | patcoughlin@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1892 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Thalamus | N/a. First Aid | This section would be much easier to memorize with an illustration. I drew this diagram based off of the information already in First Aid. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We could consider adding an illustration for this section next year. -SS | | | | 06/24/17 2:47 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1893 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Thalamus | N/A | For Ventral Lateral Nucleus-- VLN=violin-- playing the violin = motor task | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/28/17 1:11 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1894 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | N/A | For mesocortical pathway, to remember it's associated with negative symptoms- mesoCRITICAL. When you are critical you are being NEGATIVE. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/28/17 1:28 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1895 | 468 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Limbic system | many pics can be used: http://www.paeds.co.uk/wiki/index.php?title=File:Limbic.jpg OR http://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroanatomy/L11/L11_index.html OR any pic that the authors find suitable | kindly add a picture of the limbic system main components next to the text for better understanding of the whole thing | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/30/17 5:25 AM | Murad | Almasri | muradmasri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1896 | 469 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebellum | no reference | In the mnemonic "Don't eat greasy foods", change by Don't eat globo fish, or Don't eat globefish fast, in the second case bold "glob" in globoso-globefish and bold "fast" in fastigial- fast. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I would add "Don't Eat Globefish Fast" Don't = Dentate Eat = Emboliform Globefish = Globose Fast = Fastigial - Humood B | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/09/17 3:09 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1897 | 469 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebellum | Clinical Neuroanatomy,Richard S. Snell, 7th edition (ISBN 978-0-7817-9427-5), page: 150 | Cerebellum- Input: Contralateral cortex via middle cerebellar peduncle. (Should be via Superior Cerebellar peduncle) | Major erratum | Verified | Source Lippincott's Neuroscience p 334: " all information leaving the cerebellum travels through the superior and inferior peduncles. The MCP contains no efferents" -AC | Disagree. The input going to the cerebellum from the cortex is indeed through the middle cerebellar peduncle. I think the submitter misinterpreted "input" as efferent rather than afferent pathways. -KS https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11132/ | Agree with Kalli that the submission is incorrect, no change needed. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/26/17 1:51 AM | Danijel | Balcanovic | Danijel.balcanovichotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1898 | 469 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebellum | https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/997/flashcards/1355997/jpg/cerebellar_ped1335409266836.jpg Please note that I used both the diagram from this website and the information in First Aid to create my own diagram. | I think it would be easier to memorize the input and outputs of the cerebellum with a diagram. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We can consider adding a diagram to the cerebellum entry on p 483 next year. - SS | | | | 06/24/17 3:02 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1899 | 470 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Basal ganglia | - | The arrow coming from D1 receptor stimulates the direct pathway so it should be colored green not red. | Major erratum | Verified | I'm pretty sure we have it right. D1 inhibits GPi, which is an inhibitor of thalamus. An inhibitor of the inhibitor is one that promotes movement (promoted by thalamus), as is the goal of the Direct Pathway. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Jeffrey Gold | It looks fine to me, but as I said with the previous Parkinsons question, I am no expert in the esoteric pathophysiology here. | | No addition to errata here. | | | 02/05/17 8:12 AM | Eman | Elzeftawy | emanelzeftawy@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1900 | 470 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Basal ganglia | N/A | Found this picture really helpful for understanding Basal Ganglia pathway. See Attachment. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | | | | 03/08/17 4:50 PM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1901 | 470 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Basal ganglia | See First Aid page 470, the very last line. | Text below a boxed illustration towards the top of the page states, regarding the D2 pathway, that the "Indirect pathway inhibits movement" however this is incorrect. The indirect pathway, via D2 receptors, inhibits the inhibitory pathway and thereby promotes motion, as indicated at the bottom of this same page. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/02/17 12:30 PM | Periel | Shapiro | ps819@rwjms.rutgers.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1902 | 470 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Basal ganglia | not needed | I created this diagram for the indirect and direct pathways because I feel it's easier to understand than the one you currently have. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Nice diagram but I feel our new improved illustration does the job nicely. - SS | | | | 05/22/17 2:54 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1903 | 470 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Basal ganglia | https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/all-disorders/moyamoya-disease-information-page | Moyamoya disease - rare CV disorder usually associated with blocked arteries in the basal ganglia. Usually seen as a "puff of smoke" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Seem LY. -SS | | | | 06/19/17 10:54 AM | Jennifer | Hernandez | jp53hernandez@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1904 | 471 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Homunculus | mnemonic | To remember that feet are represented in the most medial area of motor/somatosensory cortex, think: "feet first" | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic and seems like an easy fix. Accept. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/27/17 2:34 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1905 | 471 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebral cortex regions | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%22prefrontal+association%22 | The term "Prefrontal association area" is outdated and is no longer used. Rather, "prefrontal cortex" is the current term used. A search through the scientific literature yields very few results for the term "prefrontal association", most of which are written by non-Western authors. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I also am more used to the term prefrontal cortex and agree with the proposed change. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex -SS | | | | 04/30/17 8:12 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1906 | 471 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Homunculus | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/data/books/waxm27/waxm27_c012f006.png | I think the homunculus is more useful if you draw in the lines indicating the territories of the ACA, MCA and PCA. This would make memorizing the ACA/MCA stroke information easier. I drew in the division lines over the homunculus in First Aid using the source below to determine the territories of the ACA/MCA/PCA | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 3:12 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1907 | 472 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebral perfusion | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796728 | Both charts say "cerebral perfusion pressure" in a label, when it should say "cerebral blood flow." For example, "cerebral perfusion pressure is directly proportional to PCO2 until PCO2 > 90mmHg." However, increased PCO2 leads to cerebral artery vasodilation, increased blood flow, and therefore an increased intracranial pressure, which should decrease Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP = MAP - ICP, and MAP is constant). Therefore, CPP is not directly proportional to PCO2. Cerebral Blood Flow, however, is directly proportional to PCO2. | Major erratum | Verified | Dr. Gold's helpful comment noted with thanks. After reading through Guyton and Hall's Physiology (13th ed) and the following articles http://www.frca.co.uk/Documents/170907%20Cerebral%20physiology%20I.pdf (excellent summary!) and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442265/, I agree with the reader. So ↑ pCO2 leads to vasodilation and ↑ cerebral blood flow and thus ↑ICP and therefore reduced CPP. Regarding autoregulation, in patients with normal ICP, cerebral blood flow remains constant across a range of cerebral perfusion pressures. So as far as I understand autoregulation is most closely related to CPP (not necessarily changes in pO2 or pCO2). https://www.openanesthesia.org/aba_cerebral_autoregulation/ http://www.neurosurg.cam.ac.uk/pages/brainphys/03-Regulation_of_CBF.pdf I am however not a physiology expert nor a neurosurgeon - so happy to be corrected! - Sarah | Jeffrey Gold | I feel like I've answered this before. I think the commentor is not taking into account autoregulation. When the ICP goes up mean arterial pressure will also go up (Cushing's Reflex). i think we are correct but check with a neurosurgeon | | | | 01/29/17 6:32 PM | Garred | Greenberg | ggreenbe@mail.einstein.yu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 1908 | 472 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebral perfusion | http://www.neurology.org/content/56/12/1746.abstract | I think whenever discussing cerebral perfusion, one must mention (albeit briefly) the important physiologic principle of the Monroe-Kellie doctrine/hypothesis. The doctrine states that “the sum of blood, brain parenchyma, and CSF volumes are constant, such that an ↑ in any one of these components must be offset by a compensatory ↓ in another, or else ICP will ↑.” | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/14/17 9:32 PM | Nicholas T. | Gamboa | nicktgamboa@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1909 | 473 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Circle of Willis | UWorld Q. Id: 8564 [853611] answer explanation E | Berry (Saccular/Berry aneurysm) SAH (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) "the worst headache of his life" near the circle of Willis (most common rupture site) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Sorry I could not appreciate where the mnemonic is here. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/01/17 6:10 PM | Benjamin | Jacobi | blj10@med.fsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1910 | 473 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Circle of Willis | None needed. | In the middle diagram showing the circle of willis, there is no description of what the dotted lines represent. Please add in what the dotted lines stand for, either directly labeled or in the index for the colors on the left side. | Clarification to current text | Verified | OK, I thought the dotted lines quite clearly outline the boundaries of the circle of Willis but if it causes confusion we could add a label/legend to the illustration - SS | | | | 05/25/17 4:58 PM | Timothy | Lee | tlee16@nyit.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1911 | 475 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve nuclei | http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-0-387-79948-3_720 | VIII is only listed under Pons but the cochlear nuclei half is located in the medulla. In other words, parts of VIII are located in pons AND medulla. | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Wikipedia; "The cochlear nuclei (CN) are located at the dorso-lateral side of the brainstem, spanning the junction of the pons and medulla." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_nucleus You could make an argument to list it twice, but I doubt it's necessary to. We're not trying to get every single minute detail into this book. That being said, perhaps faculty or Tao/Vikas input on whether this is a worthwhile change could be sought. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Jeffrey Gold | In my course we teach CN VIII is in the medulla. Others teach portions of it are in the pons. As I tell my students, it is utterly irrelevant. There is no medulla. There is no pons. It all develops from one contiguous tube. We made up the distinctions. You can 1000 sources saying medulla, 1000 saying pons, and 100 saying at the junction of the two. We can say whatever we want and be correct. I prefer to say "just medulla" but that's just me. | | No need to put in published errata. Dr. Gold suggested listing CN 8 as originating from the medulla but it doesn't really matter too much given that we aren't incorrect right now. -AZ | | | 01/26/17 8:01 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1912 | 475 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Brain stem—dorsal view (cerebellum removed) | Nolte's, Haines, Waxman | The brain stem drawing (dorsal view) shows the pineal body pointing to the 3rd ventricle, but it is supposed to be closer to the superior colliculi. Since the space is white, it looks ambiguous and could be interpreted as a space (3rd ventricle) rather than a gland. consider a better picture. | High-yield addition to next year | Staff accepts | I've changed from Minor Erratum to Clarification. This is a subtle illustration issue that can be deferred to Mehboob/Hans for potential improvement (i.e., showing more brainstem at the top of the picture) -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/31/17 8:10 PM | Yuan | Ross | yuanross@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1913 | 475 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve nuclei | FA2017P.505 in posterior circulation PICA https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-accessory-nerve | medulla nuclei CN IX – CN X – CN XI – CN XII(accessory nerve has medullary oirgin | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/03/17 6:27 PM | Mahmoud | Elmahdy | mahmoud.emad128@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1914 | 475 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve nuclei | https://www.csuchico.edu/~pmccaffrey/syllabi/CMSD%20320/362unit6.html | A mnemonic for the pons CN nuclei can be "Cheerleader's wave their pon-pons and yell 5,6,7,8!" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting story-like mnemonic. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/10/17 5:40 PM | Dheevena | Reddy | reddy.dheevena@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1915 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerves | None | On On On They Traveled And Found Voldemort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes -- The first letter of each word corresponds to the first letter of each of the 12 cranial nerves. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like the story-telling nature of the mnemonic. There might be some students who are still struggling with remembering the correct number of each CN. This mnemonic might offer help to them. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/04/17 1:57 PM | Ashley | Ermann | ermann@ohsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1916 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve and vessel pathways | USMLE Rx QID 3207 | The foramen spinosum contains both the middle meningeal artery as well as the meningal (recurrent) branch of the mandibular nerve V3. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | Not in favor of this addition, as this is likely not as high yield as the association with V3 going through foramen ovale -VV | Agree with Vaishnavi. No need for change. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/05/17 6:59 AM | Dara | Bakar | dara.bakar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1917 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerves | N/A | CN VII innvervates submandibular and sublingual can be remembered by knowing all words start with S: Seven, Submandibular, Sublingual. Parotid is innervated by CN IX can be remembered by knowing that 9 sort of looks like a flipped P of parotid. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept the first, reject the second. I would add the first mnemonic for CN VII as I find it quite interesting. I like the smartness in the second mnemonic (CN IX). However, I would reject it as it is quite difficult to explain in simple terms. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 5:15 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1918 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve and vessel pathways | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-canal | The image doesn't depict the Carotid Canal, through which the Internal Carotid Artery would enter the cranial cavity. This is an important anatomy correlation to go with "Cerebral arteries-cortical distribution" and "Circle of Willis". There is no mention of the Carotid Canal in the text. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The carotid canal should probably be added to the image for completion. - Sarah | Would add for completeness. May help with recognizing which foramen on exam. -KS | Agree with authors, please migrate and flag illustrations team -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/20/17 6:25 PM | Luke | Lewis | lukelewis.1120@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1919 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve and vessel pathways | N/A | From anterior to posterior, a mnemonic for the paths that the cranial nerves and vessels travel through which all my classmates found helpful: Composers Often Say Robust Overtures Sung Candidly In June Have Merit. These correspond to the cribriform plate, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid canal, internal auditory meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, and foramen magnum, respectively. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is an interesting mnemonic. However, I do not feel it is necessary. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/21/17 3:17 PM | David | Link | david.e.link18@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1920 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerves | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-accessory-nerve | accessory nerve supply larynx fibers carried by recurrrent laryngeal nerve | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/03/17 6:32 PM | Mahmoud | Elmahdy | mahmoud.emad128@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1921 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy | Cranial nerve and vessel pathways | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884691/pdf/sps18005.pdf | Cranial nerve VII, facial, does not exit from the internal auditory meatus, it exits from the stylomastoid foramen. This needs to be corrected on the picture of the skull. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/12/17 6:16 PM | Carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1922 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve and vessel pathways | N/A | In the column of structures that one would find traversing the foramen magnum, I believe what was intended was to be listed was 'spinal roots' (the plural form rather than the singular, 'spinal root of CN XI'). A simple typo. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 06/25/17 6:18 PM | Kathryn Merrill | Linder | kml016@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1923 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/882627-overview?pa=wzHUTWzCeaAwWwzBfP01Xs0DdwtqjrMAWlNABrkMtL5ksaEYyWe6hqYFNwstW4zfUIdQv4k0tu2hT7rkWsAGSDaX%2B0yjVSjiGm4o1qH%2F6Uk%3D#a3 | Middle cranial fossa: To include the contents of what passes through each orifice Optic canal: CN II, ophthalmic artery with accompanying sympathetics Superior orbital fissure: V1 Foramen Rotundum: V2 Foramen Ovale: V3 Foramen Spinosum: Middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein Internal Auditory meatus: CN VII, CN VIII, labyrinthine artery Jugular foramen: CN IX, CN X, CN XI, jugular veins Hypoglossal canal: CN XII Foramen magnum: medulla oblongata, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, spinal component of the accessory nerve. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/26/17 2:05 AM | Joel | Chan | joelchancheeyee@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1924 | 477 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Vagal nuclei | N/a | The title "Dorsal motor nucleus" should be changed to "Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus" to make it easier to remember that it is associated with cranial nerve 10 | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 3:14 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1925 | 477 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Vagal nuclei | not needed | Nucleus Solitarus has input from Cranial nerves of taste sensation from the tongue i.e CN 7 (Ant 2/3), 9 (Post.1/3) and 10 (Supraglottic region) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 8:48 AM | Bharat | Rawlley | bharat_m_all@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1926 | 478 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Spinal cord and associated tracts | none | Bold the "L" in words gracilis and lower. Bold the "U" in cuneatus and upper. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting mnemonic and seems like an easy fix. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 2:19 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1927 | 478 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Spinal cord and associated tracts | Not needed. | "Cut with your hands (Cuneatus) & kick a Goal with your legs (Gracilis). | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline. I like the mnemonic in the row above more as it is simple and short. However, this one is a story-based, which is something we are looking for. - Humood | I will add it for the team to consider. Authors can have the final call on this. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/15/17 11:21 PM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1928 | 479 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Spinal cord and associated tracts | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1148570-overview#a4 | Failure to mention the spinocerebellar tracts in the "Spinal tract anatomy and functions" table. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We certainly have space to discuss this tract in great details. However, I not in favor of doing so for two reasons 1. I am not sure how HY it is to remember every single synapse/neuron associated with this tract. I have not come across it during my studies in any of the three Qbanks, and NBME. 2. We have already described this tract briefly under the Cerebellum Topic in P 469. There, although we did not explicitly say 'spinocerebellar tract, we said that the tract carries proprioceptive information from the spinal cord to the cerebellum and enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. I believe this covers it all. Impression: Reject. -HB | Disagree. I think this tract is not high yield enough to be added to the table. The spinocerebellar tract is referenced multiple times in the vitamins section, which is where I believe it is relevant. - KS | Agree with Humood & Kalli. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/19/17 4:58 PM | Darlene | Espiritusanto | darleneel299@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1929 | 479 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Spinal tract anatomy and functions | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1148570-overview#a4 | think "STT! (spinothalamic tract) White, hot, pain" because it decussates at anterior white commissure, transmits pain and temperature sensation | Mnemonic | Verified | I did not get it? Is there a meaning behind "White, hot, pain", or is it just word-salad mnemonic? Reject unless I am missing something. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/03/17 11:38 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1930 | 480 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Clinical reflexes | none needed | Spelled "reflex" rather than "refex" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Each instance of tern is spelled corrrectly.--edu | | | | 01/04/17 6:50 AM | Annie | Abraham | annieabraham5@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1931 | 480 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Facial nerve lesions | None required | Heading under Facial Nerve Lesions states "Lower motor neuron lesiona" instead of "lesions" or "lesion" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/25/17 7:18 PM | Jennifer | Rath | jrath2@buffalo.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1932 | 480 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Landmark dermatomes | None required | While comparing the foot dermatomes, one tends to forget which one is lateral & which medial. Hence, by saying: L5=Big Toe (Largest of the 5ive) & S1=small toe (the Smallest 1), the foot dermatomes can be recalled easily & aid in identifying the sciatica nerve roots aswell (L5= pain radiates to dorsum/medial foot vs S1=lateral foot) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The mnemonic is quite interesting but requires a bit of effort to explain it. Plus, the first digit is actually the big toe, while the fifth digit is the small toe. This opposes the proposed mnemonic, thus making the L5/S1 association a bit confusing. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/20/17 9:11 AM | Muhammad Yasir | Baloch | muhammadyasirbaloch@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1933 | 481 | Pathology | | | Neuropathology | Common brain lesions | none | paRINaud-(Capital RIN ) for Rostral Interstitial Nucleus | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/30/17 3:27 PM | Sadjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1934 | 481 | Pathology | | | Neuropathology | Common brain lesions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-cerebellar-ataxia-in-adults | it is in Cerebellar hemisphere lesion that we see dysarthria (Scanning speech) not in Cerebellar vermis lesion. There is rather an eye involvement (Saccadic intrusions and/or nystagmus) with lesion in vermis. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/30/17 4:02 PM | Sadjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1935 | 481 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Common brain lesions | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/wernicke-encephalopathy?source=search_result&search=korsakoff+syndrome&selectedTitle=2~13 | Spelled "Wernicke-Korsakoff" rather than "Wernicke-Korsakof" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Each instance of term is spelled correctly.--edu | | | | 01/04/17 6:54 AM | Annie | Abraham | annieabraham5@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1936 | 481 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Common brain lesions | not needed | To easily remember that CN-VII lesions can cause HyperacuSiS, just remeber letter S: CN-Seven lesions make Stapedius muscle So Sensitive to Sounds. | Mnemonic | Verified | I would add this mnemonic to page 476 (cranial nerves table). There is another proposal few rows above combining multiple S's for CN VII. Stapedius fits well with those S's. - Humood | I added the mnemonic added to page 502 (facial nerve lesions). Page 502 has the pathology (CN VII lesion), whereas page 476 has the physiology (CN VII function). - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/15/17 11:55 PM | Pezhman | Mobasher | p_mobasher@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 1937 | 481 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Common brain lesions | - | Parinaud syndrome - Don't be parinaud (parynoid) about paralysis. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The mnemonic does not serve a purpose and is quite vague. It needs to link "perinaud" (or paranoid) with a solid symptoms/sign/feature. Saying "paralysis" on its own is non-specific. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/20/17 4:21 AM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1938 | 481 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Common brain lesions | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10942/ | A common symptom of a cerebellar lesion is dysdiadochokinesia which is not present in the text. I have seen this in multiple questions as well as how it's tests (e.g., rapid finger movement/other rapid alternating movement test). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/07/17 9:00 PM | Nathan | Pecoraro | npecoraro2@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1939 | 481 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Common brain lesions | http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/paramedian-pontine-reticular-formation https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/neuro-ophthalmologic-and-cranial-nerve-disorders/conjugate-gaze-palsies#v1042711 | Does not correctly distinguish between the findings of Frontal Eye Field (FEF) Lesion vs. PPRF (paramedic pontine reticular formation) lesions. Short explanation: FEF lesion: both eyes deviate toward the side of the lesion.- Special case: seizure (FEF stimulation): Both eyes deviate AWAY from the stimulated side.PPRF lesion: Inability to initiate lateral gaze in the eye ipsilateral to the PPRF lesion. Eyes can quickly look laterally toward the unaffected side, but the eyes will return to midline slowly since the affected side’s PPRF is responsible for the midline return motion. Long explanation:The PPRF is needed to generate saccades. Saccades are fast conjugate eye movements that are under voluntary control that are generated in the contralateral frontal lobe (Brodmann's area 8). Smooth pursuits are slow involuntary movements of eyes fixed on a moving target. Pursuit movements to one side are generated in the ipsilateral occipital lobe (Brodmann's areas 18 and 19). Neural input from these sites converges at PPRF and is integrated into a final command to the adjacent 6th cranial nerve nucleus. Fibers from the frontal eye field (Brodmann's area 8) pass through the genu of the internal capsule, decussate at the level of the upper pons, and synapse in the PPRF. Efferent fibers from the PPRF project to the ipsilateral abducens (VI) nucleus, and to the contralateral oculomotor (III) nucleus through the MLF, stimulating both eyes to move horizontally. A unilateral PPRF lesion results in an absence of all ipsilateral saccades, including quick phases of jerk nystagmus. Both eyes remain on the midline in attempted ipsilateral saccades, because of the absence of phasic excitation of excitatory burst neurons and agonist muscles, and, when eyes are in a position contralateral to the lesion, they return to the midline with a very slow movement. The pathways involved in these slow eye movements do not pass through the PPRF. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 3:41 PM | Cory | Gregory | Cory.Gregory8799@cnsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1940 | 482 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | no reference | At Red neurons(eosinophilic cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei) replace "with" by "+" as in the rest of the table | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Minor change that needs addressing. Accept change. -AC After reading the editor's comment, I feel that the change implemented, as suggested by this submission, would confuse readers. I agree with the editor to implement change as: Eosinophilic cytoplasm + pyknotic nuclei (Red neurons). Can we get a HPE slide of red neurons here? --AC | Agree. Would also consider just putting a comma instead of "with" or "+" - might read easier and reduce the space taken up by the table by a line. -KS | I might actually revise this a little differently. Can we put Red neurons in parentheses? The other columns use the "+" to separate two histologic features, it looks weird to do it when the two features are in parentheses. Would read "Eosinophilic cytoplasm + pyknotic nuclei (Red neurons)" -- thoughts? -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/20/17 6:06 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1941 | 482 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | FA 2017 | Areas of the brain most vulnerable to ischemia. Hippos Need Clean Water (Hippocampus, Neocortex, Cerebellum, Watershed areas) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting mnemonic. I would change it to "Vulnerable Hippos Need Clean Water". I like it more than our current mnemonic. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/23/17 4:36 PM | Matthew | Culbert | matthew.m.culbert@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1942 | 482 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | Not needed. | "Hippos Neo & Bellum love watershed areas." To include the most vulnerable areas of hypoxia, hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum and watershed areas. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry not a fan of this mnemonic. There is a better alternative raised in the row above. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/16/17 12:24 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1943 | 482 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html | Under the transient ischemic attack, it says that it usually resolves with 15 mins which is true but according to Medlineplus as well as AHA, it can be up to 24 hours. I got a question wrong specific because I excluded the answer choice after reading it was 12 hours in since the incident started. | Major erratum | Verified | The text states that the majority resolve in <15min but if this statement causes confusion we could either delete the time or add "but may also last up to 24 hours" to the current text. Defer to 2019 and consider faculty input. - SS | | | | 06/14/17 5:20 PM | Rushi | Patel | rushi1030@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1944 | 482 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | N/a | Order of Ischemic Events: RED NECs Never MAke LIO Very SCARed (RED neurons, Necrosis & Neutrophils, MAcrophages, reactive gLIOsis & Vascular proliferation, glial SCAR). Alternatively can be simplified by removing "Never" and "Very" to just have one hint per time period as opposed to one hint per feature. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/11/17 9:07 PM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1945 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/branches-of-the-external-carotid-artery-mnemonic | Middle meningeal artery ( branch of maxillary artery ) is a branch of external carotid artery . Being intracranial hemorrhage, it may get confused as a branch of internal carotid. So, further mentioning maxillary artery as a branch of external carotid would be helpful( and this is a high yield fact that can be tested) | Clarification to current text | Verified | The fact that the middle meningeal artery, which is a branch of the maxillary artery, is responsible for the epidural hematoma and that it goes through the foramen spinosum is more high yield to know. Would not recommend this addition. -VV | Disagree with user, maxillary artery as a branch of external carotid artery is discussed on page 586. JY | Agree w/ Vaishnavi and Jun. No change needed. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 12:16 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1946 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | Mnemonic | Epidural - Arterial bleeding (vocals) ; Subdural - Venous origin (consonants). You may also use "lucid art" to remember the lucid interval in arterial bleeding.; "under the bridge" to remeber SUBdural hematoma and bridge veins rupture | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. There seems to be no good link between different parts of the mnemonic. I would rather have a story joining all parts of the mnemonic together, instead of mentioning random words here and there. Sorry not a fan. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/19/17 8:16 PM | Rodrigo | Cavalcante | rodrigoccavalcante@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1947 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | FIRST AID 2017 BOOK | Under Sub Arachnoid Hemorrhage , sixth line , there is a full stop after spinal tap, which should nit be there | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I think that the person who submitted this was confused about the way the sentence reads. Maybe we can make the sentence reads as follows: "Vasospasm can occur due to blood breakdown or rebleed, 4-10 days after hemorrhage -> ischemic infarct". I do not think that the content within the parentheses is needed. All students would probably know what vasospasm means. -AC | Agree or disagree. I am confused by what "full stop" means - are they saying there should not be a period and the sentence should continue? Xanthochromia develops at 4-12 hours after bleed (if they thought the sentence should continue to include the 4-10 days - which is discussing vasospasm). -KS https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859734/ | Yes, I believe they were confused on the period placement ("full stop" in their words). It should definitely start a new sentence with "4-10 days" as we have it now. I'm fine reorganizing the sentence and starting with Vasospasm as Anup has proposed. Also fine cutting the parenthetical definition of vasospasm when editing this sentence as Anup proposed as well. I'm not sure what tag to use in the next column. I'm rejecting the original submission because I don't want it to publicly look like we accepted the proposed change, but I'm accepting the fact that we can improve the sentence. Meh. I'm leaving it blank. You guys will figure it out. -AZ | Figured it out ;-) - Sarah | | | | 02/25/17 8:23 AM | Akshit | Tuli | akshittuli123@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1948 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemia | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137065-overview#a5 | Epidural hematoma is shaped like an Eye. (Epidural and Eye both start with the letter "E") | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry I did not get it. I do not know what "Eye" is referring to here. EDH has a biconvex appearance on CT scan (if this what is meant by "shaped like an Eye") - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/20/17 10:49 AM | Darlene | Espiritusanto | darleneel299@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1949 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | mnemonic | For SUBarachnoid hemorrhage, "NEMO"dipine is used to prevent vasospasm. Captain Nemo's submarine. | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline. Like it. However, I am concerned that "sub" in submarine may be confused with "sub"dural hematoma. I would personally like to see a mnemonic that incorporates "arachinoid" instead of "sub" to be more specific for SAH. (PS: nimodipine is spelled with an "i", not "e") - Humood | | | | 05/28/17 4:38 PM | Sami | Hashmi | sami.hashmi@northwestern.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1950 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-intraventricular-hemorrhage-in-the-newborn?source=search_result&search=intraventricular%20hemorrhage&selectedTitle=2~135 | Hemorrhage of the subependymal or germinal matrix. The germinal matrix contains stem cells (for neurons and glial cells) and a delicate vascular network. Its endothelial cells are very susceptible to hypoxemia or ischemia. Increased risk in preterm infants, especially before 32 weeks. Often lethal. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/27/17 2:10 PM | Charisma | DeSai | charisma@utexas.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1951 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | Uworld question ID #498 | According to the explanation for choice D in uworld question ID #498, the most common cause of parenchymal hemorrhage is cerebral amyloid angiopathy (not systemic hypertension which is written in the first line under Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage on page 483) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/07/17 8:59 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1952 | 484 | Pathology | | | Neuropathology | Effects of strokes | none | for Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) to associate with Lateral pons, it can be written as ALCAPONS (L in red showing Lateral) like Alcapone | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/30/17 10:00 PM | Sadjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1953 | 484 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Effects of strokes | none needed | for anterior inferior cerebellar artery, there is no ":" after "lateral pons". In contrast, the posterior inferior cerebellar artery has it written as "lateral medulla:" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Minor change that needs addressing. Accept change. -AC | Agree. Please replace "Lateral pons" with "Lateral pons:" -VV | Super picky, but I guess we should be consistent lol. p484 last row, per Vaishnavi's comment -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/01/17 1:04 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1954 | 484 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/323409-overview#a1 | Lateral Medullary Syndrome Symptoms: mnemonic = 58 SINS 1) CN 5 nuclei / Spinotrigeminal track = Ipsilateral facial numbness, 2) CN 8 nuclei = vertigo and nystagmus, 3) Sympathetics = ipsilateral horner syndrome, 4) Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle = Ipsilateral Ataxia, 5) Nucleus Ambiguus = Dysphagia and hiccups, 6) Spinothalamic Tract = contralateral arm and leg numbness | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I like how the mnemonic is comprehensive. However, I find it quite complicated. I personally prefer to see the symptoms (rather than tracts) incorporated into a mnemonic. Also, I would prefer to have the condition's name (LMS) incorporated into the mnemonic (rather than "58 SINS"), ideally in a story-like fashion. Lastly, we already have a good mnemonic in place that shows the most important symptoms of LMS ("don't pick a horse that cannot eat...") - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/09/17 2:40 PM | Jerry | Thomas | jerrythms@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1955 | 484 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Effects of strokes | http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/overview-of-spinal-cord-disorders#v1046621 | Need to specify that the findings listed apply to ASA strokes at the level of the medulla only. Below the level of the medulla, an occlusion to the Anterior Spinal Artery results in lesion to the entire spinal cord EXCEPT the dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway and Lissauer tract (axonal projections from DRG). Thus, proprioception and fine pressure sensation would be intact. The upper thoracic ASA territory is a watershed area due to the artery of Adamkiewicz (Anterior Segmental Medullary artery) supplying the ASA area below ~T8. Thus an Anterior spinal artery syndrome usually presents with a loss of urinary and fecal continence and impaired motor function of the legs; sensory function is often preserved to a degree, vs. Medial Medullary syndrome presentation of Contralateral Hemiparesis, Contralateral loss of proprioception/vibration, Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis tongue (CN XII - deviates to side of lesion). | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 6:28 PM | Cory | Gregory | Cory.Gregory8799@cnsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1956 | 484 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Effects of strokes | N/A | For Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery stroke: "Vestibular nuclei" in the second column should be on the same line as "Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus" in the third column; and "Lateral spinothalamic tract, spinal trigeminal nucleus" in the second column should be on the same line as "decreased pain and temperature sensation from contralateral body, ipsilateral face" in the third column. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 09/06/17 2:01 PM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1957 | 484 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Effects of strokes | FA 2017 p. 477 states that the efferent portion of the corneal reflex is mediated by the Facial nerve (CN VII) | Injury to AICA can algo result in defective corneal reflex (due to damage to facial nucleus) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/30/17 7:37 AM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1958 | 485 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Effects of strokes | no reference | Basillar artery - locked in sundrome: LOCKED IN the BASE | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting. Accept. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/10/17 9:03 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1959 | 485 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/SearchResults.aspx?q=pontine+hemorrhage | Pontine hemorrhage occurs almost exclusively in hypertensive patients, but only approximately 6% of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages The sudden onset of coma is the hallmark of this syndrome. Physical examination reveals fixed pupils, contralateral hemiplegia; peripheral facial weakness; and periodic respiration. These signs may be bilateral with larger pontine hemorrhage | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/09/17 1:56 AM | Christopher | Perez | christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1960 | 486 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Aneurysms | not needed | "MCA-rupture--> ischemia in MCA distribution--> contralateral upper extremity and facial hemiparesis,..." should be changed to "MCA-rupture--> ischemia in MCA distribution--> contralateral upper extremity and LOWER facial hemiparesis,..." | Clarification to current text | Verified | Was unable to find any sources that specified that there is lower facial paresis. Would not recommend this addition. -VV 1. M 4 branches serve trunk, upper extremity, and face areas of the somatomotor and somatosensory cortex ; occlusion of these vessels may produce deficits affecting these body regions. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781437702941000089?scrollTo=%23hl0000463 2. On examination, patients with a malignant MCA territory infarction have forced gaze deviation, visual field deficit, hemiplegia, and aphasia or neglect, depending on the hemisphere involved. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/decompressive-hemicraniectomy-for-malignant-middle-cerebral-artery-territory-infarction?source=search_result&search=middle%20cerebral%20artery%20rupture&selectedTitle=1~150 | Disagree with addition. We've explained on page 502 what UMN vs LMN facial nerve palsy is. -JY | Per authors. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/03/17 11:08 AM | Spyridon | Zouridis | spzourds@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1961 | 486 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Aneurysms | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1161518-overview#showall | Associated with ADPKD, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Marfan syndrome is not associated with Berry aneurysm. Per UTD, "Connective tissue diseases such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and pseudoxanthoma elasticum are associated with intracranial aneurysms [7,8], but probably not Marfan syndrome [9]" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/unruptured-intracranial-aneurysms?source=search_result&search=berry%20aneurysm&selectedTitle=1~31 -HB | Disagree. A quick literature on pubmed as well as UTD agree that Marfan syndrome does not cause intracranial aneurysms. Additionally, the association of Marfan syndrome and aortic dissection and aortic aneurysms is more important. -VV http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/27/1/10 http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/30/8/1632 | Agree with Humood & Vaishnavi. No addition of Marfan syndrome here needed. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/09/17 4:59 PM | Daniel | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1962 | 486 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Aneurysms | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1161518-overview#showall | add Marfan syndrome as one of the associations to having aneurysms | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | Reject. Marfan syndrome is not associated with Berry aneurysm. Per UTD, "Connective tissue diseases such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and pseudoxanthoma elasticum are associated with intracranial aneurysms [7,8], but probably not Marfan syndrome [9]" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/unruptured-intracranial-aneurysms?source=search_result&search=berry%20aneurysm&selectedTitle=1~31 -HB | See above. -VV | Ditto to what I said on the other similar comment that brought this up. No change. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 6:32 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1963 | 486 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Aphasia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-aphasia | Chart for helping remember types of aphasia | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | Already on annotate from last year. - HB | | | | 04/26/17 11:34 AM | Anthony | Naquin | naquinanthony@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1964 | 486 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Aphasia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-aphasia | Edited chart to help remember type of aphasia | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | Already on annotate from last year. (Duplicate submission by the same user, see above) -HB | | | | 04/27/17 11:30 AM | Anthony | Naquin | naquinanthony@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1965 | 486 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Aneurysms | UWorld | Please clarify that the aneurysm rupture WILL BE visible on imaging but the aneurysm itself is not visible prior to rupture. Reading it as it is now is unclear and makes it seem as if the small aneurysm ruptures are too small to be seen on imaging. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/04/17 7:39 PM | Kylie | Grady | kyliegrady@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1966 | 487 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | NEW FACT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mydriasis | Mydriasis: myDriasis Dilation | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting. Accept. This may help students who get mydriasis/miosis mixed up. - Humood PS: The page the user is referring to is 509 in the 2017 edition (487 is in the 2016 edition) | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/14/17 12:57 PM | Deepak | Gupta | deepak.us@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1967 | 487 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Seizures | www.sciencedirect.com | Seizure definition...it is high amplitude neuronal firing usually but can be high frequency...so we use or make defintion on usual basis. Thanks | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 12:45 PM | Raja Mahendar Paul | Nankani | nankani.dr@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1968 | 487 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Seizures | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1164462-overview#a1 | status epilepticus- continuous(>5-30min) I got confiused in that is it (more than 5 )to 30 min , or is it more the period( 5-30)min, in math, however the sympol > has no sense for the first expression, and needs brackets for the 2nd expression, respectively ! | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 09/19/17 2:26 PM | mohammed | za3ama | mhmd77mob@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1969 | 488 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Headaches | not needed | Characteristics of cluster headaches: (CLUSTER) Cocks (Common in men), Lacrimation, Unilateral, Sympathetic damage (Horner’s syndrome), Tx: Triptans & O-Two (O2), Eye pain, Rhinorrhea/Repetitive/Rapid | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The mnemonic is interesting. However, unless we find an alternative to the first association, I have to reject this. It is not appropriate. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 6:29 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1970 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Visual field defects | https://www.atlasophthalmology.net/atlas/photo.jsf;jsessionid=D2E78CFD2D61E48EE687345D90917291?node=5376&locale=en | Point 6. Macular sparing is not due to PCA infarct but instead due to MCA collaterals to macula. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/19/17 3:00 AM | Rohan Bir | Singh | dr.rohandhaliwal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1971 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Visual field defects | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9109741 | 4&5 Major cause of both upper and lower quadrantic anopia are occiptal lobe tumors (83% & 76%). Quadrantic anopias are caused very rarely due to parietal and temporal lobe tumors. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/19/17 3:35 AM | Rohan Bir | Singh | dr.rohandhaliwal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 1972 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Movement disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1188841/ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188327-differential | Under Akathisia: Please add: Restless Leg Syndrome- Treatment: Dopamine agonist (Pramipexole or Ropinirole) or Leg Massage | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think the treatment of restless leg syndrome is high-yield. JY | It may be reasonable to add - I have seen questions on RLS with relation to iron deficiency and tx while board studying. Although, I do not think I would place this under akathisia because it is a condition separate from akathisia. If added could read: 1st column: Restless Leg Syndrome 2nd column: Worse at rest/nighttime. Relieved by movement. 3rd column: - 4th column: Associated with iron deficiency, CKD. Treat with dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole). http://www.dynamed.com.huaryu.kl.oakland.edu/topics/dmp~AN~T114812/Restless-legs-syndrome-RLS#Overview-and-Recommendations KS | Yes I would say it's reasonable to add. Kalli, thank you for the proposed text. Let's migrate that over to Annotate as you've proposed it and we can get faculty input/signoff there. I'm on board. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/18/17 8:40 PM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1973 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Movement disorders | First Aid 2017 | Athhhhhetosis - snake-like, writhing movements. Pronounce like snake hiss. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry I do not find this appealing. Love the creativity though. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/07/17 11:29 AM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1974 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | not needed | The C’s of Huntington’s Disease: CAG repeats, Chromosome Cuatro (4), Cuarenta (40) years of age, Cognitive decline, Chorea, Caudate atrophy | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like the last three C's (Cognitive, Chorea, Caudate). Not fan of the rest. We already have an accepted mnemonic for HD in Wave 3 saying "Hunt 4 food and put in a CAGe". Let's see if we can incorporate the three C's into that. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 6:23 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1975 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | should read degree of dementia | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | The only place where it makes sense to say "degree of dementia" we DO say "degree of dementia."--edu | | | | 01/04/17 4:09 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1976 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1134817-overview#a5 | (About Alzheimer Disease) (Specific chromosomes where the presenilin genes are located) The presenilin-1 ( PS1) gene on chromosome 14. The presenilin-2 ( PS2) gene on chromosome 1 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not high yield for Step 1. Would not recommend this addition. -VV | This is discussed in Rapid Review pathology, however, I agree that this is low-yield. JY | Agree with Jun & Vaishnavi that this is LY. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/31/17 5:25 PM | Michelle A | Mares Coll | mm58555@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 1977 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | mnemonic | Pick your nose (frontal lobe) and ears (temporal lobe) | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline. The mnemonic is valid. However, I am indifferent about it. Feel free to accept/reject. - Humood | I will add it to annotate and let the authors have the final verdict. - Humood | | | | 04/17/17 5:47 PM | Chi-Tam | Nguyen | paulnguyener@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1978 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | N/A | For Huntington disease, a popular memory tool that is used to remember the trinucleotide repeat as well as chromosome location is, "Hunting(ton) 4 CAGs". This is not a novel memory tool, but a fairly common one and was surprised not to see it in here yet. | Mnemonic | Verified | I did not get it. Reject for now. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/14/17 11:50 AM | Abraham | Ichinoe | ichinoea@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1979 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | FA 2016 | On the description of Neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease it says: "the number of tangles correlates with degree with dementia". It should say "correlates with degree of dementia". | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 06/21/17 3:27 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1980 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737274/ https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1002839/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11716151 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPTP https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraquat | Additions/enhancements to the Parkinson’s disease section: - The section about MPTP should be modified to say that MPTP is a contaminant in the illegal *synthetic opioid*, MPPP instead of just “illegal drugs” (more specific/ may help with confounding symptoms of opiate poisoning in vignette). Additionally, a useful pharm tie-in is that in acute suspected MPTP poisoning, the irreversible MAO-B inhibitors Rasagiline or Selegiline block the conversion of MPTP to the toxic MPP+, thus preventing toxicity to dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. - ***Farmers*** may present with Parkinson’s symptoms as a result of a widely used herbicide, (trade name: paraquat), that has a nearly identical chemical structure to MPP+ . - MPP+ and Paraquat are both toxic because they inhibit Complex I of the electron transport chain. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/08/17 7:13 PM | Cory | Gregory | Cory.Gregory8799@cnsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1981 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | N/A | Under histologic/gross findings of Alzhemier disease, the last sentence of Neurofibrillary tangles reads: "number of tangles correlates with degree with dementia"--- the second "with" should be replaced with "of" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 08/30/17 11:31 AM | Shiri | Nawrocki | shiri.nawrocki@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1982 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | NEW FACT | Mneumonic | Frontotemporal Dementia.. Inclusions= ubiquitinated TDP-43. Mneumonic= TDP-43..."(Fronto) *T*emporal *D*ementia-*P*ick"= *TDP*-43 | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/01/17 1:54 PM | Cooper | Stone | c_stone0801@email.campbell.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1983 | 490 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4366544/ | The decrease in Ach in Alzheimer´s Disease occurs primarily in nucleus basalis of Meynert | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/31/17 7:31 AM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbetf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 1984 | 491 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | no reference | Dr. Lewy, Dr. Jakob and Dr. Pick went to the Park to "Hunt" dementia patients: first Alzheimer and second Vascular. Bold Lewy, Jakob, Pick, Park and Hunt in the name of each disease. Bold first and second as most common causes of dementia. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The mnemonic is very non-specific. It just tells you the causes of dementia, without giving any clue to what each one is. I do not believe it will help when answering board questions. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/14/17 3:18 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1985 | 491 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26453995 | In Pseudotumor cerebri, papilledema is due to buildup of pressure that compresses the optic nerves externally, imparing axoplasmic flow within the optic nerve. Qbank question asking for pathophysiology of Papilledema. Attached an archive image of a classic presentation of Papilledema caused by Pseudotumor cerebri that can be use | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/28/17 3:39 PM | Fernando | Pellerano | dr.fpellerano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1986 | 492 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Hydrocephalus | Not needed. | How to remember diseases associated with Ex vacuo hydrocephalus: "I forgot my EX because he PICKed HIV Hunting." Alzheimer being included in "forgot" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Almost any disease that causes significant brain atrophy will result in hydrocephalus ex vacuo. We mentioned this in the text. No need for a mnemonic to stress that. It is self-explanatory. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/15/17 12:53 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1987 | 493 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Multiple sclerosis | not needed | Characteristics of multiple sclerosis: (MULTIPLIED) MRI screening, Urinary incontinence, common in Ladies, Tremor, IgG Increase in CSF, Periventricular Plaques, Loss of sensation and movement, INO, Eye (optic) neuritis, Demyelination | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting, although not story-based. Let's give a chance. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 6:16 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1988 | 493 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Multiple sclerosis | none needed | MS is in the SPINE reffering to Lhermite phenomenon and CNS involvement. Speech Pee(incontinence) Intention tremor Nystagmus Eye (internuclear ophthamlopegia) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting mnemonic. Let's add this (and the one in the row above). Authors can vote on which one to keep. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 10:45 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1989 | 493 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Multiple sclerosis | UpToDate Topic update April 2017 | New fact, treatment to slow progression of MS, likely to be tested | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We can ask the cross-reference team to have a look at it and decide whether this is HY. If it is HY, then we could either add it to Neurology chapter under MS P 493, or add it to the list of monoclonal antibodies in Immunology chapter P 118 (Daclizumab and Natalizumab are already on the list there for MS). -HB | The reason I made this submission was that Ocrelizumab was shown to improve survival. Maybe this fact can be tested, even if just as an experimental question. Need editor's sign off. -AC I was going through recent updates in UpToDate's practice changing updates section. This popped up. I read it, and it was a new addition to the list of MS drugs that improved survival. Possible text, if added to Immunology: Ocrelizumab CD 20 monoclonal antibody Slows progression of MS If added to Neurology: Pharmacology section, include ADRs: skin infections, immunocompromise, allergic reactions -AC | Agree with Humood to x-ref with other resources. Can't say I've heard anything about ocrelizumab myself. Let's migrate to annotate and tag for x-ref team, and we can also take a look at other resources ourselves. Anup, since this was your original submission, would you like to draft a sentence or two for addition to the pharm section? Also, did you see it in a USMLE review resource or are you just familiar with it through another context? -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/17/17 11:13 PM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||
| 1990 | 493 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Multiple sclerosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23732530; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhthoff%27s_phenomenon | symptoms of multiple sclerosis may exacerbate with increase body temperature (hot bath, exercise) is also called as "Uhthoff phenomenon" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 6:43 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1991 | 493 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Multiple sclerosis | http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/neuroweb/Text/br-840.htm https://www-uptodate-com.lb-proxy2.touro.edu/contents/diagnosis-of-multiple-sclerosis-in-adults?source=search_result&search=dawson%20finger&selectedTitle=1~150 | Periventricular plaques are a good indicator that a patient may have MS, but including "Dawson fingers" as another way of describing the MRI findings would be helpful. Although describing the symptoms and histology (areas of oligodendrocyte loss and reactive gliosis) is more likely to be the description in the vignette or answer choices, there is a possibility for Dawson fingers to be included instead of periventricular plaques. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/14/17 2:00 PM | Abraham | Ichinoe | ichinoea@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1992 | 493 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Multiple sclerosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neurogenic-bladder-in-adults-the-basics?source=search_result&search=neurogenic%20bladder&selectedTitle=2~150 | Under treatment for neurogenic bladder it lists "muscarinic antagonists" but it can be muscarinic agonists or antagonists depending on if the patient has incontinence or difficulty emptying. Please add agonists in as well for clarification. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/28/17 8:22 PM | Peter | Boucas | pboucas99@midwestern.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1993 | 494 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Enzyme terminology | UpToDate- Krabbe Disease https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.med.ucf.edu/contents/krabbe-disease?source=search_result&search=krabbe%20disease&selectedTitle=1~14 | Under "Krabbe disease", it states that it is an "autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease due to the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase. Build of galactocerebrosidase..." However, the enzyme deficiency leads to the buildup of galactosylsphingosine. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 04/28/17 11:35 AM | Taaha | Mendha | Tmen93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1994 | 494 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Neuromuscular junction diseases | - | Think of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease as Charcot -Heri-Foot, explaining the hereditary nature of the disease and foot involvement (pes cavus, lower extremity sensory deficits, etc) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry not a fan of changing the name of the disorder to fit the mnemonic. Love the creativity though. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/28/17 11:39 AM | shreya | doshi | smd1910@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 1995 | 494 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Adrenoleukodystrophy | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/what-is-adrenoleukodystrophy | Very long name, with very long chain fatty acids. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/01/17 3:44 PM | Sebastian | Valdivieso | valdicbascuenca@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1996 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tuberous-sclerosis-complex#genes | Under tuberous sclerosis, the sentence "TSC1/TSC2 mutation on chromosome 16" is misleading - while TSC2 is on chromosome 16, TSC1 is on chromosome 9. A mutation in either part of the TSC complex will result in tuberous sclerosis. | Minor erratum | Staff accepts | Agree. Please replace "TSC1/TSC2 mutation on chromosome 16" with "TSC1 mutation on chromosome 9 or TSC2 mutation on chromosome 16" -VV https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tuberous-sclerosis-complex-genetics-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=tuberous%20sclerosis&selectedTitle=1~107 | Agree with Vaishnavi on this one. Great catch! -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Jeffrey Gold | Correct, two different chromosomes | Accept | | Please replace "TSC1/TSC2 mutation on chromosome 16" with "TSC1 mutation on chromosome 9 or TSC2 mutation on chromosome 16" -AZ | | 10 | | 01/19/17 3:53 PM | Kyle | Scott | kscott8@tulane.edu | | | |||||||
| 1997 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tuberous-sclerosis-complex-genetics-clinical-features-and-diagnosis | TSC1 gene is located on chromosome 9 while only TSC2 is chromosome 16. The text seems to imply they are both on chromosome 16. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 02/10/17 11:07 AM | Spencer | Richardson | sricha38@uthsc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 1998 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | This is a mnemonic that I made up. | To remember key points about NF1, think of a self-conscious 17-year-old girl named Elischabeth angrily telling her mom "NO PICture! These spots make me feel so Damn ugly!". 17y/o = chromosome 17. Elischabeth = Lisch nodules. N = Neurofibroma. O = Optic glioma. P = Pheochromocytoma. I = Iris (Lisch nodule). C = Cafe-au-lait spots. Damn = Autosomal Dominant inheritance. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting mnemonic. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 2:44 AM | Raman | Michael | ramicha2@uic.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 1999 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1178283-clinical?src=refgatesrc1 | “You NEFER want TWO MESS with MERLIN” -NEFER want TWO —> NF-2 -MESS —> Meningiomas, ependymomas, and 2 S’s for BILATERAL schwannomas -MERLIN —> the gene affected | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry, I do not find this appealing. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/30/17 4:31 PM | Max | Green | maxgreen@augusta.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2000 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | First Aid 2017 page 218 Tumor suppressor genes table | In Tuberous Sclerosis disorder, TSC1 associated with Hamartin protein and TSC2 associated with Tuberin protein , which should be included in the mnemonic HAMARTOMAS given in this page. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/08/17 12:25 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2001 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1177711-overview; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoma_sebaceum | in tuberous sclerosis, better word for angiofibroma is "Adenoma sebaceum" (specific for tuberous sclerosis) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 6:35 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2002 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | self (mnemonic) | Here is a mnemonic for NF1 that is easy to remember because it refers to Cafe-au-lait spots, a well-recognized feature of this condition: Grumpy Cafe Patrons Never Leave Satisfied - Glioma, Cafe-au-lait spots, Pheochromocytoma, Neurofibromas, Lisch nodules, Skeletal abnormalities | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/12/17 10:17 PM | Gabriel | Arom | gabriel.arom@my.rosalindfranklin.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2003 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Adult primary brain tumors | no reference | Oligodendroglioma:poultry-like tumor (chicken wire/fried egg) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry I do not find this appealing. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/15/17 3:41 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2004 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Adult primary brain tumors | no reference | Schwannoma: Bold "S" in Schwann cell and S-100 | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Seems like an easy fix. I am on board. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/15/17 3:54 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2005 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Adult primary brain tumors | not needed | G from Glioblastoma for GFAP +. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Seems like an easy fix. I am on board. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/26/17 1:29 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||
| 2006 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Adult primary brain tumors | https://www-uptodate-com.medjournal.hmc.psu.edu:2200/contents/intradural-nerve-sheath-tumors?source=machineLearning&search=antoni%20a%20schwanoma&selectedTitle=1~5§ionRank=1&anchor=H6#H6 | For Schwannoma, the microscopic finding of coexisting regions of dense areas of spindle cells (Antoni A) and loose, hypocellular areas (Antoni B) is very characteristic and high yield (I've seen it in multiple problems and it is highlighted in most sources). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Valid. Antoni A and B are characteristic of schwannoma. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vestibular-schwannoma-acoustic-neuroma?source=search_result&search=shwannoma&selectedTitle=1~75 We certainly have enough space to add this microscopic feature to the text. However, whether this is high yield, I am not entirely sure. It has come up in UW (I do not have the QID number at hand as I my UW subscription expired). What do others think? -HB | I would be in favor of adding a brief histologic description because I too have come across questions related to the histology, though not any questions specifically asking about Antoni cells. Would recommend something like: "...S-100 (+). Biphasic. Hypercellular areas containing spindle cells alternates with hypocellular myxoid areas." -VV http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/peripheral-nerve/schwannoma/ http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissueschwannoma.html http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CNSHTML/CNS187.html | Agree that it is appropriate to add some more info pertaining to schwannoma histology. Agree with Vaishnavi that we can probably get away without using the "Antoni" eponym in favor of focusing on details themselves. I'm fine with the below proposal for column 3 (minor edits to VV): "S-100 (+). Biphasic. Dense, hypercellular areas containing spindle cells alternating with hypocellular, myxoid areas." AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/09/17 8:49 AM | John | Coda | jecoda15@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2007 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Pituitary adenoma | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-presentation-and-evaluation-of-sellar-masses?source=search_result&search=Pituitary+Adenoma&selectedTitle=1~141 | Pituitary adenoma is not only hyperplasia of ONE type of cell. Sometimes, there are two types of cells hyperplasia as has been stated in Robbins Pathology | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/10/17 9:10 PM | Ehsan | Tadayon | sunny.tadayon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Tumor nomenclature | http://www.abta.org/brain-tumor-information/types-of-tumors/glioblastoma.html | "Glioblastoma multiforme" has been officially renamed by the American Brain Tumor Association to "Glioblastoma" (multiforme has been removed from the nomenclature) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/11/17 10:52 AM | Matthew | Gallitto | mgallitto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2009 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Adult primary brain tumors | None needed | I like to remember how an Oligodendroglioma looks like on histology by pronouncing it "ol-EGG-odendroglioma" in regards to the fried-egg cells; moreover that also makes it easy to remember the chicken-wire appearance because chickens lay eggs! | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting mnemonic. I like it. - Humood | | | | 06/07/17 8:13 PM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2010 | 496 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | NEW FACT | N/A | Just a helpful hint to remember that oligodendroglioma is associated with "fried egg" cells is to change the word to ol-egg-odendroglioma. It also is easy to incorporate the "chicken wire" capillary pattern because chickens lay eggs. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/17/17 10:27 PM | Emily | Clemens | losin1er@cmich.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2011 | 497 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Adult primary brain tumors | none needed | Table heading above the images makes it seem like image A and C/D are related. (same with E, G/H) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree that we need make some changes. The column headings do not match the content under it. I would recommend deleting the table's heading ("tumor", "description", "histology"). -HB | Disagree. Modifying or removing the column headings would not be consistent with other tables in the same chapter. Since those images are part of the tumors mentioned in the table on the previous page, would not recommend any change. -VV | This is an Emma/Christine question re: layout/pagination. Add to annotate and flag as "need tao/vikas input." The obstructive lung diseases fact in resp had the same issue last year if I recall. If I had full control I'd probably bump schwanomma to the 2nd page to have continuation of text, but that's probably a deviation of some style guide precedent. I can see how a rollover table heading with only a block of images below it can be confusing to some. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/02/17 3:54 AM | Sunober | Siddiqi | ovseniors10@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2012 | 497 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Physiology | Sleep physiology | https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/REM%20latency https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181772/ | Under the REM sleep heading, it is stated that "Depression increases total REM sleep but decreases REM latency." I think the "but" should be changed to "and" since decreased REM latency would naturally result in an increase in total REM sleep. | Clarification to current text | Verified | The user is suggesting changing "but" to "and". It does not make a difference to me. I am happy with the current text as is. -HB | The text makes sense as is. Would not recommend this change. -VV | Agree with authors, no change. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 10:29 AM | Baylor | Blickenstaff | baylor.blick@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2013 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | Robbins Pathological basis of disease 8th ed.-> The CNS->Tumors->Ependymoma->Morphology | Histology of Ependymoma- Rosettes and perivascular-pseudorosettes, not perivascular rosettes. Rosettes have an empty central space, while pseudorosettes are arranged around a blood vessel. The image F included in the section shows both types. | Minor erratum | Verified | Here's a quick 30 second synopsis on the topic for chapter authors to look at: http://www.pathologystudent.com/?p=5400 Pseudorosettes are actually more common in ependymomas than ependymal rosettes according to the above website. I also checked Robbins 8th Ed to confirm this one. Here's the relevant text confirming a justification for modifying what we have in FAS1 on ependymoma: "Tumor cells may form glandlike round or elongated structures (rosettes, canals) that resemble the embryologic ependymal canal, with long, delicate processes extending into a lumen (Fig. 28-50B); more frequently present are perivascular pseudorosettes ( Fig. 28-50B ), in which tumor cells are arranged around vessels with an intervening zone consisting of thin ependymal processes directed toward the wall of the vessel." -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Jeffrey Gold | Ask a pathologist. I've taken at least 3 dedicated neuropathology courses and I've never understood exactly what they are talking about here. | | In column 3 of the Ependymoma fact, revise "perivascular rosettes" to "perivascular pseudorosettes" Pending Path faculty review. Citations in my comment. -AZ | | 10 | | 12/30/16 10:40 AM | Malika | Thakurathi | priyeshthakurathi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 2014 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | First Aid 2017 | An easy way to differentiate Homer-Wright rosettes and perivascular rosettes: MeDULLoblastoma-- Homer is DULL | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting mnemonic. I am on board. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/09/17 11:10 AM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2015 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Glaucoma drugs | N/A | ABCD: Alpha agonists, Beta blockers, and Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Decrease production. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already on annotate from Wave 3. No need to duplicate. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/26/17 1:23 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2016 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | Not needed | Highlight P in Pinealoma for P in Parinaud Syndrome and P in Precocious Puberty. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like it! - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 11:55 AM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||
| 2017 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Astrocytes | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pilocytic-astrocytoma | Pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) Although only accounting for between 0.6-5.1% of all intracranial neoplasms (1.7-7% of all glial tumours) they are the most common primary brain tumour of childhood, accounting for 70-85% of all cerebellar astrocytomas. This was also mentioned within U World explanation and pathoma. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Valid. We gave credit to other most common brain tumors in childhood (most common supratentorial, and most common malignant). It would be reasonable to address the most common brain tumor overall in childhood. Per UTD: "Low-grade astrocytomas are the largest group of CNS tumors in children. Pilocytic astrocytoma, formerly referred to as juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, is the most common brain tumor, with an incidence of 0.84 per 100,000 person-years " https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-central-nervous-system-tumors-in-children?source=see_link -HB | Agree. A majority of sources state that astrocytic pilocytomas are the most common brain tumor, while medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Please add as follows "Most common 1° brain tumor in childhood. Usually well circumscribed..." -VV https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-central-nervous-system-tumors-in-children https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257885/ http://aanos.org/epidemiology-of-brainnervous-system-tumors-in-children/ | Agree with Humood & Vaishnavi. This is definitely worth adding into the JPA fact. "Most common 1° brain tumor in childhood. Usually well circumscribed..." This was originally submitted as a major erratum. I've retagged as HY info. We didn't have anything wrong in the book. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/10/17 6:45 PM | Nneamaka | Ukatu | nukatu1@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2018 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pineal-gland-masses?source=see_link#H34 | ①On "Pinealoma" section, FA says that"Precocious puberty in males".But on UpToDate(File attached):"Rare cases of precocious puberty caused by a pineal mass have been reported, particularly in females"②"Pinealoma is tumor of pineal gland" is confusing because pineal gland mass is more likely to be a germ cell tumor, not a pineal gland parenchymal tumor. And β-hCG can only be secreted by a germ cell tumor,which is not arised form pineal gland parenchymal either | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/11/17 9:41 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 499 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Motor neuron signs | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003294.htm | "Positive Babinski is normal in infants" : Positive Babinski is normal in children up to 2 years, not just infants. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Honestly, I had to dig in order to find sources that state that it is normal up to 2 years, and it was not on UTD or eMedicine. Even the anatomy and physiology textbook I referenced only states "infants." Would be in favor of leaving the text as is. -VV http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.library.umkc.edu/science/article/pii/S0887899404000979 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/detailed-neurologic-assessment-of-infants-and-children?source=search_result&search=babinski%20reflex%20normal&selectedTitle=2~150 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1147993-overview#showall http://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=newborn-reflexes-90-P02630 https://books.google.com/books?id=joJb82gVsLoC&pg=PA339&lpg=PA339&dq=babinski+reflex+physiologic&source=bl&ots=x-arQAKd3g&sig=X5LAaYCzlXNHHSsvThJK_2-W30U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY6Kv01ZjSAhULzIMKHbxfCaEQ6AEIiAEwEg#v=onepage&q=babinski%20reflex%20physiologic&f=false States that it is normal in infants: http://lessons4medicos.blogspot.com/2009/06/babinski-sign-mechanism-other-babinski.html States that it is pathological after 3 years: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiHr6ui7aHTAhWJvBoKHQoHAR4QFgg8MAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.axon.es%2Fpdf%2F81648_2.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFRjwkdFqiWuJm1rWNJ-CId8zIeTw&sig2=QdrN377y2ZLEihw7tdO48w&bvm=bv.152180690,d.d2s | Medline plus does state that it can be normal up to 2 years old. Rather than changing the text on pg 499 (because it is how I usually would think about Babinski as a primitive reflex and it is not a false statement), I would change the milestones table on pg 258 to say "Babinski (by 24 mo)" instead of "Babinski (by 12 mo)" to make it more accurate. I think it is fine to leave this in the infant section (rather than moving it to the toddler section) because it matches the "P's" mnemonic, would be located with the rest of the primitive reflexes, and the text lists "walks by 12-18 mo" in that row anyway. I wouldn't want a student to get the question wrong if the stem was about a child 12-24 mo.-KS https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003294.htm | I personally learned in med school that it was normal until 1yr, and it was easy to remember that all the primitive reflexes disappear after the first year of life. Given that there is some discrepancy in the literature, I'd ask to have faculty provide input on this on what would be best to keep in the book. I do agree that changing the p258 entry is probably better than changing the p499 entry as Kalli brought up. Please add Annotate tags on both places with links from both comments @ left, tagging for faculty review -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 01/03/17 5:27 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 499 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Pentazocine | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/talwin-pentazocine-343330#5 | can cause opiod withdrawl symptoms if patient is also taking full opiod AGONIST ( in the book it says antagonist,i think it should be agonist) | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/19/17 12:39 AM | NADISH | GARG | gargnadish@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 499 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Herniation syndromes | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/stupor-and-coma-in-adults | UNCAL herniations are easily distinguishable from other herniations because my Uncal was a HIC. Use this pneumonic of HIC to localize lesion and remember the clinical symptoms. HIC. Hemiparesis contra laterally, Ipsilateral blown pupil leading to COMA | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry not a fan of this mnemonic. Also, there is a discrepancy between the book and mnemonic. The book says "ipsilateral paresis, a false localization sign". The mnemonic says "hemoparesis contra laterally". - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/24/17 8:45 PM | Matthew | Wells | matthew.eric.wells@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2022 | 499 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Motor neuron signs | no reference | LMN: Add at comments: Fasciculations-Flaccid paralysis. Bold ''F'' in both. Also in Poliomyelitis at Spinal cord lesions (pages 500 and 501) Bold ''F'' in Fasciculations-Flaccid paralysis-floppy baby. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like the way fasciculation and flaccid put together for LMNL. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/13/17 12:32 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2023 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Spinal cord lesions | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/spinraza-nusinersen-1000135#10 | Add spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) as its own entry (as SMA and not as "Werdnig-Hoffmann disease"). Nusinersen recently approved and treats underlying genetic mutation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Would recommend cross referencing in UWorld to see how high yield this disease is on Step 1. That would make it easier to decide whether to add it in this upcoming edition. If I recall correctly, we recently deleted "Spinal Muscular Atrophy" from this fact?? -VV | Having poliomyelitis in the same disease column is confusing. I suggest a 2x2 table format: Werdnig-Hoffmann disease Congenital degeneration....presents with symmetric weakness Poliomyelitis presents with asymmetric weakness There's nothing in RR Pathology regarding SMA, and only a 1 line description for Werdnig-Hoffman disease. I suggest against adding this. JY | | | | 12/31/16 11:30 AM | Brielle | Gerry | bvg6er@virginia.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Spinal cord lesions | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.kcumb.edu:2443/contents/anatomy-and-localization-of-spinal-cord-disorders?source=machineLearning&search=cauda%20equina%20syndrome&selectedTitle=2~86§ionRank=1&anchor=H22#H22 | In cauda equina syndrome characteristics, it should be "intervertebral" disk herniation instead of "intravertebral" | Minor erratum | Verified | Major change that needs approval. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anatomy-and-localization-of-spinal-cord-disorders?source=search_result&search=cauda%20equina%20syndrome&selectedTitle=2~86 -AC | Nice catch! Please change "intravertebral" to "intervertebral" -VV | Retagged from spelling/formatting to minor erratum. agree w/ authors. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | In column 3 of the cauda equina syndrome row, replace “often caused by intravertebral disk herniation or tumo” to “often due to intervertebral disc herniation or tumor.” | | 10 | | 03/10/17 4:32 PM | Orest | Kayder | Orest.kayder@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2025 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | N/A | Epilepsy drugs that can cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome - "Patients Can Lose Epidermis" - Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Ethosuximide | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like it. However, not sure where is the best place to have it (Neuro vs Pharm chapters). Let's accept and have the team decide. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/12/17 11:20 AM | Josiah | Strawser | strawser.j@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2026 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Spinal cord lesions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-complications-of-spinal-cord-injury-and-disease?source=see_link§ionName=Autonomic%20dysreflexia&anchor=H4#H4 | Spinal cord injuries (SCI) above T6 may be complicated by a phenomenon known as autonomic dysreflexia, a manifestation of the loss of coordinated autonomic responses to demands on heart rate and vascular tone. Uninhibited or exaggerated sympathetic responses to noxious stimuli below the level of the injury lead to diffuse vasoconstriction and hypertension. A compensatory parasympathetic response produces bradycardia and vasodilation above the level of the lesion, but this is not sufficient to reduce elevated blood pressure. SCI lesions lower than T6 do not produce this complication, because intact splanchnic innervation allows for compensatory dilatation of the splanchnic vascular bed. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Would be too detailed for Step 1? -AC | This is likely too specific to be tested on Step 1. Would not recommend this addition. -VV | Agree with authors to not add. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/13/17 11:07 AM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2027 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Spinal cord lesions | None | If not read carefully, one my think that poliomyelitis and Werdnig-Hoffman are BOTH congential degeneration of anterior horns, when in fact poliomyelitis is acquired (via infection by polio virus, which is mentioned on the next page) and Werdnig-Hoffman disease is congential. I think that adding a note that the first bullet point is referring Werdnig-Hoffman disease and not poliomyelitis AND Werdnig-Hoffman disease would be helpful. Either that or remove poliomyelitis from that table, especially since poliomyelitis has its own section on the next page. I think either would help with clarification. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Valid. Having both diseases in column two ("disease"), with one explanation (congenital degeneration) for both in column three ("characteristic") is not ideal. - since the description we already have in column three focuses on the congenital disorder, I would recommend the following 1. Keep Werdnig Hoffman disease (WHD) in column two 2. Remove Poliomyelitis from column two and re-instate it in column three under WHD description using level 3 (or 4) heading and a brief paragraph about it (including the weakness asymmetry). Something like "Poliomyelitis: a rare complication of polio virus affecting the anterior horns. Asymmetric weakness". https://www.uptodate.com/contents/polio-and-infectious-diseases-of-the-anterior-horn?source=search_result&search=poliomyelitis&selectedTitle=1~116 -HB | I would not be in favor of removing Poliomyelitis from Column 2, simply because the image in column 1 discusses the spinal cord distribution, which is the same for both. I think the ideal solution would be to move the definition of Wednig-Hoffman syndrome to the next page and make it into its own fact, leaving only the last two lines on page 500. -VV | | | | 03/22/17 2:23 PM | Ari | Shane | ashane@med.wayne.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2028 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Spinal cord lesions | http://www.who.int/topics/poliomyelitis/en/ | The current text under Poliomyelitis and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease suggests that Poliomyelitis is a congenital lesion, with autosomal recessive inheritance, but only Werdnig-Hoffmann disease is autosomal recessive, Poliomyelitis is from the polio virus and affects children fecal orally, not congenitally | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 04/03/17 4:33 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2029 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Spinal cord lesions | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1148690-overview | Cauda equina syndrome = Bilateral symptoms not unilateral | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 07/10/17 5:34 PM | Ayesha | Cheema | ayeshac527@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2030 | 501 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Brown-Séquard syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/321652-overview#a3 | Text says "Contralateral pain, temperature, and crude..." should be corrected to "Contralateral LOSS of pain,temperature, and crude...". Image is correct however. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Student is correct, adding LOSS would make the entry parallel with the other statements here. --edu | Oops, good catch, worthwhile to mention in published clarifications (not "errata" per se if we should recategorize, but definitely should fix for 2018) -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/25/16 10:56 PM | Timothy | Nguyen | tnguye28@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 2031 | 501 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Brown-Séquard syndrome | http://neurones.co.uk/Neurosciences%202016/Chapters/Chapter%202/CL.2p%20Brown%20Sequard.html | The hemisection of the spinal cord has "lesion" written below the blue shaded region of the spinal cord which corresponds to the left side. But it should be written below the region shaded in pink (i.e. the right half) on the spinal cord hemisection since that is the area of lesion and also corresponds with the right sided lesion shown on the anatomical human model. In short it would make it clear if you point out that the lesion is on the right side of the spinal cord hemisection. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. This would be less confusing to students. Please move the word "Lesion" below the spinal cord image in Column 1 to the other side and use an arrow to point out the pink lesion that corresponds image in Column 3. -VV | Agree with Vaishnavi JY | Agree with Vaishnavi & Jun. Add two bubbles on Annotate for both proposed changes. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/26/16 10:54 PM | Navyata | Mangu | navyatamangu@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2032 | 501 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Brown-Séquard syndrome | Not Required | There is an arrow (dot) pointing the 5th digit/pinky of the right hand with no label to show what it is referring to. | Clarification to current text | Staff accepts | user is correct.--edu | Extra leader line, should erase in 2018. Likely no need to mention in published errata, but should implement. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Jeffrey Gold | Ok | | There is an extraneous leader line pointing to the right hand of the drawing, The leader line should be removed. | | 5 | | 12/26/16 11:10 PM | Navyata | Mangu | navyatamangu@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2033 | 501 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Brown-Séquard syndrome | not needed | The current image of the spinal cord hemisection of Brown-Sequard Syndrome gives an impression that the blue shaded region is the are of lesion. It would be clear pointing out that the Pink/Orange shaded half of the spinal cord section is the area of the lesion. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 12/26/16 11:55 PM | Rahul | Vadlapatla | vrahulkc@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2034 | 501 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Friedreich ataxia | Credit for image, if approved: Anup Chalise | Add pic of scoliosis Xray | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Would defer to Images Team on whether the addition of this image would be worthwhile -VV I did get a question on the Step regarding Friedreich, and it contained one X-ray finding of scoliosis. After that a patient came to the clinic with this X-ray finding. That is why I submitted. -AC | I don't think this is high-yield RR pathology has a clinical picture like ours, without any radiographs. JY | Would say if not in RR pathology, a much more comprehensive book than pathoma, we can probably get away without adding it. However, Anup, since this was your suggestion before joining the authorship, what motivated this suggestion? Was it from other review resources? Please add a comment below either of the first two author comments. -AZ Update: per Anup's comment, sounds worthwhile to add to me. Please migrate to Annotate and tag the Images team with blue tag. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/15/17 8:28 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2035 | 502 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Facial nerve lesions | My right hemisphere | Ramsey tried to Hunt my dog, so I slapped his face so hard I paralyzed it. Referring to that in Ramsey Hunt syndrome causes facial nerve palsy. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Interesting mnemonic. However, we do not have a separate entry for Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. We only listed it off with the causes of facial palsy. I cannot see where this mnemonic would fit there. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/08/17 12:57 PM | Abdallah | Malas | abdallahmalas@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2036 | 502 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Common cranial nerve lesions | none needed | Twelve Tongue Twists Towards | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry not a fan of this mnemonic. I like our own menmonic ("Lick your wounds"). No change needed. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 9:25 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2037 | 502 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Facial nerve lesions | FA 2017 | The text in the figure for facial nerve lesions is relatively blurry | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | 04/02/17 10:36 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2038 | 502 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Facial nerve lesions | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/835286-overview#a3 | The figure on p. 502 showing the Cranial Nerve VII anatomy and nerve pathways is incorrectly drawn. The figure shows the upper division of the patient’s left CN VII nucleus being innervated by both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres (areas of the motor cortex) - which is correct; however, this upper division (as drawn) is receiving innervation on the ipsilateral side from the wrong part of the motor cortex (the part shown in blue should go to the lower division of the contralateral CN VII nucleus, not the upper division of the ipsilateral nucleus), due to somatotopic organization of the motor cortex. In other words, the upper division of the nucleus should receive bilateral innervation from both ‘red portions’ of the motor cortex, as drawn in the figure; and the lower division of the nucleus should receive innervation from only the contralateral ‘blue portion’ of the motor cortex. Please see the figure attached courtesy of eMedicine (I provided the link to the source as well). | Major erratum | Verified | As far as I can see the reader is correct. The image needs to be edited as outlined by in the main comment. - Sarah S | | | | 04/18/17 5:44 PM | Jeremy | Dick | j.dick@alumni.ubc.ca | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2039 | 502 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Common cranial nerve lesions | None | Differentiating peripheral vs Cortical lesion | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/25/17 4:32 PM | Rugvedita | Parakh | rugpara@uw.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2040 | 502 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Cranial nerve and vessel pathways | NONE | For clinical manifestations of CNXII & CNX lesions: "The TWELVE tribes [of Israel] spoke the SAME TONGUE.........but TEN of them went AWAY" CNXII (TWELVE)---> TONGUE moves to the SAME direction as lesion; CNX (TEN)----> Uvula moves AWAY from the site of the lesion | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/22/17 12:49 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2041 | 502 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Facial nerve lesions | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146903-overview | Bell's palsy symptoms: BELL'S Palsy: Blink reflex abnormal Earache Lacrimation [deficient] Loss of taste Sensation to anterior tongue Palsy of VII nerve muscles All symptoms are unilateral. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 9:03 PM | Paola | Del Cueto | paoladelcueto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2042 | 503 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Otology | Types of hearing loss | none needed | remembering where damage occurs in presbycusis "Short Waves, Short Distance" | Mnemonic | Verified | Not bad. Let's add and see what the team thinks of it. - Humood PS: Currently, we use frequency as a reference, not wavelength. Implementing this mnemonic ("Short Waves") means that we need to revise the original text as well. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 9:01 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2043 | 503 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Otology | Auditory physiology | no reference | Add "abc" to conductive as comment at the end. Bold "a" "b" "c" in conductive, bone and ear. Add "sane" to unaffected as comment at the end. Bold "s" in sensorineural and sane. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept the second part. I like the "sane" part. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 12:48 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2044 | 503 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Otology | Diagnosing hearing loss | no reference | Conductive: c=b>a. Bold "c". Sensorineural.....localizes to unaffected "sane" ear. Bold "s" in both. Or "sano", sano in spanish means healthy. | Mnemonic | Verified | Duplicate. This suggestion is a duplicate submission by the same user. I already accepted the mnemonic in the row above ("sane" for sensorineural). Rejecting this row. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/15/17 5:37 AM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2045 | 503 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Otology | Auditory physiology | https://courses.washington.edu/conj/sensory/cochlea.htm | Decreased (low) frequency heard at distal end of cochlea (apex near helicotrema). Increased (high) frequency heard best at initial end of cochlea (base). Decreased frequency = Distal end; Increased frequency = Initial end | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting mnemonic. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/07/17 11:12 AM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2046 | 503 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Otology | Vertigo | https://www-uptodate-com.access.library.miami.edu/contents/meniere-disease?source=search_result&search=meniere%20disease%20virtigo%20tinnitis%20hearing%20loss&selectedTitle=1~150 | I think a section on Meneire Disease should be added. Meneire disease manifests as vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss. Caused by excess endolymph fluid. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 3:22 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2047 | 504 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-restless-legs-syndrome-willis-ekbom-disease-and-periodic-limb-movement-disorder-in-adults | I've come across practice questions discussing the pharmacologic management of restless leg syndrome with dopamine agonists such as pramipexole and ropinirole. While these drugs are discussed in the Parkinson Disease section, this other indication would be a useful addition. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/12/17 8:30 PM | Grace | Sollender | grace.e.sollender.med@dartmouth.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2048 | 505 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Huntington disease drugs | Not applicable | The two VMAT inhibitors can be remembered as the "four serpents" - chorea makes your extremities (which you have four of) look kind of like snakes. Four = tetra (from tetrabenazine) and serpents = serpine (from reserpine) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/09/17 4:44 PM | Seth | Martin | smartjav33@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2049 | 505 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Aqueous humor pathway | I am unable to find support in UpToDate. This fact is supported by Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5e, plate 90 | The illustration suggests that the posterior chamber of the eye is located deep to the lens (in what is actually the vitreous chamber), whereas the posterior chamber is actually the narrow space between zonule fibers / lens and the iris | Minor erratum | Verified | Must be changed this year. Agree to change. -AC | I brought this up last year but the illustrations team didn't have time to change it amidst a full workload. :( I agree that the label for posterior chamber is where vitreous chamber should be. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Jeffrey Gold | I was asked to comment but I claim no expertise here | Accept | | Placement of Posterior Chamber label in the Aqueous Humor Pathway fact is actually where the Vitreous Chamber should be. Labels will be adjusted for FA 2018. The placement of these two regions is correct in the diagram on p504, so for 2017 readers, please reference this diagram for relevant anatomical details. -AZ | | 10 | | 01/26/17 10:23 AM | Wesley | Durand | wesleymdurand@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 2050 | 505 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm547852.htm | Xadago (safinamide) approved as an add-on treatment for patients with Parkinson’s disease | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. This drug has been approved by the FDA less than a month ago. I do not believe it is high yield for the step 1 exam. https://www.drugs.com/xadago.html https://www.uptodate.com/contents/safinamide-drug-information?source=search_result&search=safinamide&selectedTitle=1~4 -HB | Safinamide has the same mechanism of action as selegiline and rasagiline. Would recommend we consider adding it to the drug definition for "Selegiline, rasagiline" on page 518. -VV | I'm inclined to side with Humood here if it has been approved that recently. It sounds like it would be easy to incorporate, but it's probably LY right now. We can either add to Annotate and defer to 2019, or not add at all. I'm ok with either course of action, but would not add this year. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 03/21/17 6:25 PM | Saurabh | Pandit | ps20060@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2051 | 506 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Age-related macular degeneration | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub3/abstract;jsessionid=A215705780EF005CA8FC29AE1597C5D3.f04t04 | multivitamins and antioxidant doesn't prevent progression of dry age-related macular degeneration | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 07/17/17 3:50 AM | Moaath | Almohammdi | quintem.93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2052 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/ocular-effects-of-hypertension | Retinal damage due to chronic uncontrolled hypertension: • Mild: Retinal arteriolar narrowing related to vasospasm (arrow in A), arteriolar wall thickening or opacification (copper and silver wiring), and arteriovenous nicking (circle in A). • Moderate: Mild retinopathy + flame or dot-shaped hemorrhage due to necrotic precapillary vessels that bleed in the nerve fiber layers (red lesion in B, C), cotton-wool spots (white lesion in B), hard exudates (yellow lesion in B), and microaneurysms. • Severe: Moderate retinopathy + Papilledema (C). QBank question showed image with flamed hemorrhage and papilledema and asked for the etiology of these findings.Images taken from Image Archive of Fernando Pellerano MD, consent was signed by the patients for the usage/distribution of this image in any form. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/28/17 3:11 PM | Fernando | Pellerano | dr.fpellerano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2053 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Diabetic retinopathy | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/diabetic-retinopathy-classification-and-clinical-features#H4 | Example of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/28/17 3:56 PM | Fernando | Pellerano | dr.fpellerano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2054 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Retinal vein occlusion | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223498-overview | Example of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/28/17 3:59 PM | Fernando | Pellerano | dr.fpellerano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2055 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Central retinal artery occlusion | 507 | You can remember that Central Retinal artery occlusion is seen with a Cherry Red spot because they both begin with CR. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Seems like an easy fix. I am on board. - Humood | | | | 06/02/17 1:46 PM | Tiffany | Dharia | tiffanydharia@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2056 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Pupillary control | FA2017 | The end the 1st paragraph under "Pupillary light reflex" says, "pupils contract bilaterally". It should say "constrict" instead of "contract" since the sphincter pupillae muscles contract but the pupils constrict | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Approve. Would make the language easier to understand. -AC | Agree. Please replace "pupils contract bilaterally" with "pupils constrict bilaterally" -VV | Accept per authors x2, wording per VV. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/28/17 1:56 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2057 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Pupillary control | Personal mnemonic | SHORT ciliary nerves make the diameter of the pubile SHORTER (sphincter muscle), and LONG ciliary makes the diameter of the pubile LONGER (dilator muscle) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Similar concept has already been proposed in Wave 3. No need to duplicate. Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/23/17 2:25 PM | Mohammad Hani | Almomani | Mhmomani95@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2058 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Pupillary control | None needed | In the pupillary control diagram, it would be extremely helpful to label that big grey outline as the "Midbrain." It is definitely not obvious and would help clear some confusion of where the Edinger-Westphal nuclei are. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/06/17 8:10 PM | Merna | Naji | merna.naji@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2059 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Marcus Gunn pupil | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-detailed-neurologic-examination-in-adults?source=search_result&search=marcus%20gunn%20pupil&selectedTitle=1~32#H35 | When shining a light from the non-affected pupil to the affected pupil, it will look as both pupils are dilating, when in fact there is less bilateral pupillary constriction. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/11/17 7:41 PM | Christopher | Kocharians | ckocharians@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2060 | 510 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility | N/a. First Aid | Mnemonic to memorize eye movements: RADical SIN. Recti muscles (SR, IR) adduct. Oblique muscles (IO, SO) abduct. Superior muscles (SR, SO) intort. Inferior muscles (IR, IO) extort. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 3:26 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2061 | 510 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility | First aid. https://image.slidesharecdn.com/extraocularmuscles-dr-131124005420-phpapp02/95/extraocular-muscles-drgosai-24-638.jpg?cb=1385254521 | The diagram on page 510 indicating eye movements is incorrect. There seems to be several sources with a similar diagram, but they seem to be incorrect. The recti (SR, IR) adduct, not abduct. The Obliques abduct, not adduct. In first aid, the sentence "The superior oblique abducts, intorts, and depresses while adducted" contradicts the diagram below it, which shows the superior oblique adducting. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 3:36 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2062 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | CN III, IV, VI palsies | Myself | 4 P's of CN III Peripheral Damage: Bold and highlight the P for Parasympathetic, Peripheral, PCom aneurysm, and diminished Pupillary light reflex. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting combination. I am on board. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/07/17 2:08 AM | Timothy | Nguyen | tnguye28@tulane.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2063 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Visual field defects | mnemonic | Optic radiations: uPPer projection travels through the Parietal lobe; Lower projection travels through Meyer's Loop on the teMporal lobe | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like it (especially the uPPer part). - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/19/17 8:35 PM | Rorigo | Cavalcante | rodrigoccavalcante@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2064 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Visual field defects | none needed | "Top takes Temporal" the illiteration will help remind students that the superior visual field goes via the temportal lobe which is more commonly tested than Meyer's Loop | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We currently use the retina as a reference point for mnemonics (Lower Retina = Loops around ... Lateral ventricle). Changing this reference point with visual fields (Upper fields) might cause some confusion. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/04/17 8:39 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2065 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Visual field defects | Information directly extracted from First Aid 2017 complimented with Becker Anatomy version 2.1 (2016) | for a students better understanding of the lesions I have made an integrative chart that encompasses lesions , visual defects and the field affection. I firmly believe that with this chart it is easier for students to grasp the concept and integrate it. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/11/17 9:52 PM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2066 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1200187-overview | Parks–Bielschowsky three-step test to evaluate Trochlear Nerve palsy CN IV Better (vision) with OppOsite Tilt, WOrse (vision) with Opposite Glaze Mnemonic: BOOT, WOOG | Mnemonic | | | | 10/26/17 2:13 AM | Joel | Chan | joelchancheeyee@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2067 | 512 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Cavernous sinus | SPELLING | pas s should be( PASS) .. ON LINE 4 OF PAGE 512. CAVERNOUS SINUS HEADING. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Already on Annotate | | | | 01/21/17 9:46 PM | Abid | Saleem | saleema@rutgrers.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2068 | 512 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Cavernous sinus | First Aid 2017 | second paragraph: "en route to orbit all pas s" (Please change pas s to pass) | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | Reject. Already addressed in another suggestion. -VV | | | | 02/13/17 11:08 AM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2069 | 513 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Internuclear ophthalmoplegia | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/internuclear-ophthalmoparesis | Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia is referred to as INO. Use these letters to localize which MLF has the lesion (left vs right) and the clinical symptoms using the abbreviation of INO. I for ipsilateral eye adduction weakness, NO for Nystagmus of Opposite eye | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The same mnemonic was proposed by the same user in Wave 3. It was accepted (by ED). | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/24/17 8:39 PM | Matthew | Wells | matthew.eric.wells@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2070 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | not needed | Phenytoin side effects: (PHENYTOIN) P-450 interactions, Hirsutism, Enlarged gums, Nystagmus, Yellow-browning of skin, Teratogenicity, Osteopenia, Interference of folate absorption, Neuropathies | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already on annotate from Wave 3 (accepted by ED). - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/01/17 6:10 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2071 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | no reference | valproic acid: increase Na channel activation, increase GABA - valproic acid: two words, two functions | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry the mnemonic is not specific enough ("two functions"). - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 1:15 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2072 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | no reference | viGABAtrin: increase GABA - GABApentin: GABA analog - tiGABAine: increase GABA | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Proposal already on annotate from Wave 3. A neuro author suggested this in reply to a crowdproofer. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 1:17 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2073 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | none needed | Carbamazepine Check the CBC | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting. I like it. We can bold/red the Cs in all three words. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/05/17 6:19 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2074 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vigabatrin-drug-information?source=preview&search=vigabatrin&anchor=F233982#F233982 | To remember the mechanism of action of Vigabatrin (increases GABA by irreversibly inhibiting GABA Transaminase aka GABA-T), it is helpful to look at the drug name as "vi-GABA-T-rin" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. already on annotate from Wave 3. It was accepted by ED. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/22/17 9:08 PM | Nickolas | Srica | Nickolas_Srica@NYMC.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2075 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | Mine | To remember that phenybarbital is the first line agent in neonates' think "PhenoBABYtal" | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like it. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/31/17 8:24 PM | Julienne | Sanchez | Spjulie8@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2076 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | first aid 2017 | Lamotrigine is also used for bipolar disorder (for completeness's sake; since other uses of other antiepileptic drugs are noted) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | It can be used, but the role is not high yield for Step 1. It is FDA approved: http://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-maintenance-treatment Further testing needed to confirm efficacy: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2655087/ -AC | The more important association with lamotrigine for Step 1 is its use for seizures and that it can cause SJS. Would not recommend this addition -VV | Hmm. I know lamictal is on the short list of mood stabilizers taught for psych shelf, but lithium and depakote are higher yield. In our rapid review section of the book we include those two + carbamazepine. For that reason, I would say probably not worth highlighting in this already dense table. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/08/17 5:36 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2077 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Epilepsy drugs | Trevor, A., & Katzung, B. (2013). Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology, Examination & Board Review (10th ed., Lange). San Francisco, CA: Mc Graw Hill Medical. "Calcium Channel Blockade": page 218, 219. | Valproic Acid also blocks calcium channels | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/27/17 12:54 PM | Priscilla | Lomba | p.lomba@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2078 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Seizures | Pnemonic. | PheNa+oin as a pnemonic to help remember it blocks Na+ channels. | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Sorry I do not find it appealing. It is a big stretch. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/17/17 8:16 PM | Rajeev | Sharma | rajeevsharma88@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2079 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | Mnemonic | Remember side effect for vigabatrin by: "vigaBATrin"--> blind as a BAT= permanent visual loss | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting! Accept. - Humood. PS: we already had a mnemonic for visual loss in Wave 3 that was accepted by ED. However, it would be reasonable to offer this as an alternative and see what the team thinks. | | | | 05/20/17 7:52 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2080 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | NEW FACT | This mechanism was directly tested on NBME exam (Form 15). Link to paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3696515/ | For Valproic Acid, in addition to Na+ channel inactivation, the mechanism should include "inhibition of histone deacetylases at the transcription level" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/16/17 5:18 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2081 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | NEW FACT | This mechanism was directly tested on NBME exam (Form 15). Link to paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih | CORRECTION TO PREVIOUS POST: For Valproic Acid, in addition to Na+ channel inactivation, the mechanism should include "inhibition of histone deacetylases, THUS ALLOWING FOR DNA transcription " | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/16/17 7:33 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2082 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | it's kind of dumb but i like it | Carbs give patients the DAM SHAATS (diplopia, ataxia, megaloblastic anemia, SIADH, hepatotoxicity, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, teratogen, stevens-johnson) | Mnemonic | | | | 10/26/17 2:48 AM | Chaewon | Im | chaewon@hawaii.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2083 | 515 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Benzodiazepines | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/serax-oxazepam-342908#10 | The mnemonic written in this page "Oxazepam, Temazepam, and Lorazepam areeta mbolized Outside The Liver" is wrong as lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam undergo glucuronic acid conjugation in the liver | Major erratum | Verified | The "LOT" drugs are safer to use in the setting of hepatic failure if I recall. I'm pretty sure these are the ones that don't undergo CYP/P450 oxidation in the liver, but instead they're just simply conjugated. It's been a while since I've studied this. There certainly has to be a reason why this mnemonic became as popular as it has, heard it in M2 and M3 year from Psychiatry faculty/residents. Defer to faculty on how to best present this information accurately while also retaining the mnemonic we have. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Jeffrey Gold | You'll have ask either a psychiatrist, and adult neurologist, or a pharmacologist. I've never proscribed Oxazepam or temazepam. I've heard of Restoril, but I'm sorry to say I've never even heard of Serax. I'm not sure what the mneumonic is meant to mean or why these three are lumped together ... but Lorazepam does not engage the CYP system, unlike the other commonly used benzos (alprazolam, diazepam, clonazepam). So maybe that is what it is meant to mean? | | Would change our wording to: "Oxazepam, Temazepam, and Lorazepam undergo first-pass metabolism Outside The Liver (i.e., do not undergo CYP/P450 oxidation)" -AZ Additional input from pharmacology/psychiatry faculty to confirm this would be helpful. | | | 02/18/17 10:17 AM | Idan | Karmon | idan18@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2084 | 515 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Benzodiazepines | 515 in FA | To remember that OXazepam, alprazoLAM, triazoLAM, and midazoLAM you can just remember that the farmer told his lazy son to take the OX and the LAMbs to the market NOW! | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. We already have another mnemonic for these short-acting benzos ("ATOM"). However, I like the proposed mnemonic here better as it is story-based, and has "NOW" in it, indicating the short-acting nature of the drugs. | | | | 06/02/17 10:48 PM | Timothy | Sherry | timrsherry@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2085 | 516 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Suvorexant | no reference | pronounce: suvOREXINt : OREXIN antagonist | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting. I am on board. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 2:27 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2086 | 516 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Ramelteon | no reference | pronounce raMELTEONIN: MELATONIN agoinst | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting. I am on board. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 2:30 AM | Anas | Saad | anassaad256@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2087 | 516 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Suvorexant | no reference | Suvorexant, an anti hypocrite. Bolf "hypocr" in hypocretin and hypocrite | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. The link between the drug name (Suvorexant) and the MOA ("hypocrite"/hypocretin) is not appealing. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 4:42 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2088 | 516 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Suvorexant | None | Suvo-REST-ant for insomnia | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Interesting. Let's see what the team thinks of it. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/30/17 12:47 AM | Kathleen | Zuniga | kathleen.zuniga@outlook.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2089 | 517 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | First Aid for USMLE Step 1 2016 | Formatting error: an arrow is missing in the diagram on page 517 between L-DOPA and Dopamine above the DDC.Top center of the diagram where peripheral breakdown of L-DOPA is shown. This arrow is present in the 2016 edition | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Please add back the arrow at the top of the image that goes from L-dopa to dopamine. -VV | Agree to add the arrow to the diagram - was present in 2016 version. -KS | Not sure how that happened. Agree to add arrow back. If you want to be lazy just use this screenshot I made with 2016 and 2017 relevant part of figure, rather than drawing a new arrow in: http://goo.gl/n8AZjy -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 5:45 PM | Spencer | Richardson | sricha38@uthsc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2090 | 517 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | None | There should be a line above the word DDC. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/18/17 11:05 PM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2091 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Receptor binding | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15665416 (article) | For Alzheimer's drugs, I think it would be a great idea to clarify that memantine is a NMDA receptor uncompetitive antagonist. I think this relates back to basic concepts of biochemistry, and I have seen the fact that memantine is an uncompetitive antagonist as the crux of a couple of questions in numerous q banks (specifically, pretest pharmacology and UWorld). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The user is correct by saying memantine is an uncompetitive antagonist. However, I am not familiar with the protocol we have for specifying the type of antagonist for different drugs. Nine antagonist drugs were mentioned in the pharmacology section of Neurology. Only two were specified (both competitive). What do others think? -HB https://www.uptodate.com/contents/memantine-drug-information?source=search_result&search=memantine&selectedTitle=1~40 | Disagree. I do not believe that the competitive vs. non-competitive antagonist specification is high yield enough to add. Agree with HB that this distinction is rarely included in FA. If students wanted they could easily write this into their First Aid. Also checked back to my FA which has all of UWorld (2016) annotated into it and this is not something that I included. - KS | Agree with Kalli's intuition to not specify further. No change needed. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/30/17 1:35 PM | Cody | Mullens | cmullens33@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2092 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Huntington disease drugs | N/A | 518 - TETRAbenzine: tetra = 4, huntingtin gene is on chromosome 4. reSERPENT (reserpine): Huntington causes ATHETOSIS (snake (serpent)-like movements of the fingers). | Mnemonic | Verified | Borderline reject. The mnemonic itself is creative. However, It requires multiple steps to be explained. That's why I am more in favor of rejecting it. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/14/17 1:27 PM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2093 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Alzheimer disease drugs | N/A | Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Tacrine, Donepezil can be remembered in relation to Alzheimer disease and mechanism (AChE inhibitors) with "Get Rid of The Dementia". | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We already had a better mnemonic for anti-dementia drugs in Wave 3. No need to add this. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/27/17 4:48 PM | Luke | Lewis | lukelewis.1120@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2094 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Alzheimer disease drugs | None | Gallant Rivals are Done with Tacrine | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We already had a better mnemonic for anti-dementia drugs in Wave 3. No need to add this. - Humood | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/09/17 7:52 PM | David | Shieh | davidshieh1994@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2095 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Levodopa/carbidopa | http://pharm-sci.tbzmed.ac.ir/Drug-Information/Integrative%20Medicine%20Professional%20Access/ProfDrugs/Carbidopapd.html ; https://books.google.com/books?id=Y558dgp_PjoC&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=levodopa+carbidopa+arrhythmias+peripheral+side+effects&source=bl&ots=GUkVsaJ72m&sig=d3krKDQ1jO78lui7dTeNYb0iHSk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTuaHQz-rTAhUs34MKHQDABesQ6AEIOzAE#v=onepage&q=levodopa%20carbidopa%20arrhythmias%20peripheral%20side%20effects&f=false | Adverse Effects: Anxiety, agitation, insomnia, confusion, delusions, and hallucinations are associated with increased central conversion of levodopa to dopamine. Reduced peripheral formation of dopamine decreases nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/12/17 11:06 AM | Yan | Zhu | zhu.jane@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2096 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | http://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.1.1.28 | DOPA decarboxylase is also known as aromatic L-amino acid-decarboxylase; I literally just saw this on my NBME exam | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/19/17 11:29 PM | Michelle | Trieu | mtrie002@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2097 | 518 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | https://web.duke.edu/anatomy/embryology/craniofacial/craniofacial.html | The muscles of the 1st arch derivatives does not include the tensor veli palatini | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Wrong edition | | | | 02/12/17 2:10 PM | Adiel | Aizenberg | adiel.aiz@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2098 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Local anesthetics | - | Mnemonic to remember the order of losing the different sense (please see attached) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept Emmm the mnemonic itself is not very appealing. However, the concept it is describing (order of sensory loss) is challenging. For this reason, a mnemonic is needed here, in my opinion. Let's add it and see what the team thinks. - Humood | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/05/17 5:18 AM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2099 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Local anesthetics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/spinal-anesthesia-technique?source=search_result&search=ropivacaine&selectedTitle=5~34 | In the list of amides, Ropivacaine is a very commonly used drug in the field of anesthesia that is omitted from this list. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 8:32 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2100 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Local anesthetics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/spinal-anesthesia-technique?source=search_result&search=chloroprocaine&selectedTitle=5~15 | In the list of local anesthetics, chloroprocaine has major clinical use in labor and delivery as well as other surgical procedures. It is omitted from this list but should be included in future editions. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 8:35 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2101 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Local anesthetics | None because there is no evidence that cocaine is used in any medical procedure. | While it is true that cocaine is a local anesthetic and that the other drugs listed (procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, etc) are all derivatives of cocaine, it is rather misleading to have cocaine listed alongside all of the other drugs that are used in surgical procedures. Cocaine, while technically an anesthetic, is not used in any medical treatments. Rather than list it in the same list as the other anesthetics, it should be a separate sidenote or remark. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 8:39 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2102 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | http://www.jbc.org/content/287/38/31624.full | "Mutations in voltage-sensitive ryanodine receptor cause Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum." Previous statement is the acual statement in the first aid book. Ryanodine receptors are not voltage-sensitive receptors, the voltage sensitive receptors are DHP receptors (L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels) that are coupled with ryandoine receptors which are mechanical receptors that respond to DHP activity. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/03/17 3:42 AM | Darshan | Shroff | darshankshroff@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2103 | 519 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Cluster B personality disorders | usmle-rx.com | You guys have "Bad to the Bone" to describe Anti-Social, Borderline, Histrionic and Narcissistic personality disorders. I think Bad (criminal behavior), Bloody (for self-mutilation and suicidal behavior), Bitchy (for emotional excess, sexual provocations and attention seeking) and Blingy (for grandiosity). Thanks! | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Wrong Edition | | | | 03/13/17 10:32 PM | Jacob | Schultz | jacobl.schultz@outlook.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2104 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Dantrolene | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/succinylcholine-suxamethonium-drug-information https://www.uptodate.com/contents/malignant-hyperthermia-clinical-diagnosis-and-management-of-acute-crisis | This could state under clinical use "Malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( a toxicity of antipsychotic drugs and succcinylcholine)" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Please replace with "Malignant hyperthermia (toxicity of inhaled anesthetics and succinylcholine) and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (toxicity of antipsychotic drugs)" to be consistent with the definition of malignant hyperthermia on pg 519. -VV | I disagree with changing. The only reason I think we include "(a toxicity of antipsychotic drugs)" here is because NMS is not discussed until the psychiatry chapter. Otherwise, malignant hyperthermia was already discussed 1 page earlier so it should be fine. JY | Honestly I could go either way here. Jun's point of not elaborating with a parenthetical for MH is because we mention it on the previous page, but as I think about it more, there is a remote chance someone could think that both etiologies are related to antipsychotic drugs only, forgetting about succ/inhaled anesthetics. Let's migrate Vaishnavi's proposed wording to Annotate, and let the crowdproofers weigh in I guess. I don't feel strongly enough to definitely change, but I'm not opposed either. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/05/17 6:28 PM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 2105 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Baclofen | Not needed | As a mnemonic for the drug, highlight all of the associated "B's" (i.e. Baclofen, potentiates gaba B, used for Back pain) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Already on annotate from Wave 3. Currently accepted (by AU). No need to duplicate. - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/04/17 3:28 PM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2106 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Baclofen | N/A | "Bac-lofen for back pain" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We already had this mnemonic proposed in Wave 3. It is currently rejected (by AU). - Humood B | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/27/17 5:54 PM | Nik | Raju | nikhiraju@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2107 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | https://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/06p-0445-n000001.pdf | Mivacurium is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that has been off the market in the United States since 2006. While mentions of this drug still exist in medical literature, all of the citations used are to papers before 2006. Since this is not a drug that is stocked in the US, it should be removed from the list for next year's edition. Note Mivacurium goes by trade name Mivacron. Abbott not only stopped producing the drug, but the drug is also off-patent. No generic replacements of Mivacurium exist. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 8:59 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2108 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=005657 | Tubocurarine is a very old nondepolarizing neuromsucular blocking drug that was discontinued long ago. It should be removed from the list in future editions. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 9:04 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2109 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cardiovascular-problems-in-the-post-anesthesia-care-unit-pacu?source=search_result&search=neostigmine%20bradycardia&selectedTitle=1~150 | When giving neostigmine to reverse nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs, the recommendations technically are to give atropine OR glycopyrrolate to prevent bradycardia. Clinically speaking, anesthesiologists almost always will give glycopyrrolate because atropine crosses the blood brain barrier and causes altered mental status. I would recommend replacing atropine with glycopyrrolate since this is the drug of choice. At the very least both drugs should be listed since both are listed in UpToDate for this specific scenario. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 9:24 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2110 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/use-of-neuromuscular-blocking-medications-in-critically-ill-patients?source=search_result&search=atracurium%20cisatracurium&selectedTitle=1~50#H4 | While atracurium is still on the market as a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug, Cisatracurium has largely taken over its clinical usage. Cisatracurium (marketed as Nimbex) is three times as potent as atracurium and thus has greatly reduced side effects, all of which are documented in the UpToDate link below. I would recommend adding cisatracurium to the list of drugs for the next edition. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 9:47 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2111 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Opioid analgesics | UWorld, question ID 1258 | Addition to adverse affects: rare (which means, often tested) side effect of opioids is constriction of the Sphincter of Oddi, which can cause biliary colic. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/08/17 1:22 AM | Derin | Allard | derindallard@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2112 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/baclofen-drug-information?source=search_result&search=baclofen&selectedTitle=1~74 | Baclofen mnemonic: Baclofen is used to treat back spasms and MS | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/21/17 6:54 PM | Michael | Cooper | mcooper6@tulane.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2113 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | First aid 2017 | Highlight the choline in succinylcholine and the Ch in ACh to visually aid remembering that this is a depolarizing drug | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/09/17 12:19 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2114 | 521 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Pentazocine | Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, by Bertram Katzung 13th Edition, Chapter 31: Opioid Agonists & Antagonists: "When a weak partial agonist such as pentazocine is given to a patient also receiving a full agonist (eg, morphine), there is a risk of diminishing analgesia or even inducing a state of withdrawal" | "Can cause opioid withdrawal symptoms if patient is also taking full opioid antagonist" Should be corrected to "Can cause opioid withdrawal symptoms if patient is also taking full opioid agonist" | Minor erratum | Verified | This seems like an acceptable revision. However, I would like pharmacology faculty confirmation on revision from "full opioid antagonist" to "full opioid agonist" here in our discussion of Pentazocine. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Jeffrey Gold | That's right. When the weaker and stronger medication compete, the result is weaker than the strong one and stronger than the weak one (unless one has much much much better binding characteristics). btw this is just generally true and not specific for opiates | Accept | | In the Pentazocine fact, please revise: "Can cause opioid withdrawal symptoms if patient is also taking full opioid antagonist" to "Can cause opioid withdrawal symptoms if patient is also taking full opioid agonist" -AZ | | 10 | | 12/30/16 6:17 PM | Mohammad | Zmaili | mohd.z1992@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2115 | 521 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Glaucoma drugs | N/A | For glaucoma drugs, remember ABCD: A = alpha-2 agonists, B = Beta blocker, C = Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, D = decrease production. Everything else increases outflow. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We just had a mnemonic proposed in Wave 3 that has been worked up by ED and myself. It groups the drugs based on their MOA in one "story". No need for the mnemonic proposed here. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/12/17 6:06 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2116 | 521 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Tramadol | Me | 4 S of tramadol. Suicide, Serotonin Syndrome, Seizure | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Sorry not a fan of this mnemonic. A good mnemonic needs to link the symptoms ("4S") with the name of the drug (tramadol). This one does not. I do not believe it is helpful to know the "4S"s without knowing what causes them. - Humood B | | | | 06/01/17 8:51 AM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2117 | 521 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Pentazocine | http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/pentazocine | can cause opioid withdrawal symptoms if patient is also taking full opioid antagonist. It should be full opioid agonistC | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 08/27/17 11:37 AM | Zahra | Akhtar | zaramalik6252@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2118 | 523 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors | n/a | Muppets=MAO-PITS (MAO inhibitors-Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcypromine, Selegine) to remember the MAOi drugs. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept, but I think calling it muppets might make it more confusing (probably made a lot of sense to the person who originally made up the mnemonic)? Hard to say - CC | | | | 03/03/17 3:19 PM | Benjamin | Smood | bfsmood@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2119 | 525 | Psychiatry | | | Psychology | Ego defenses | Replace things with other things; vs. Things are replaced by other things | Under "Reaction formation": "Replacing ... by ..." The "by" should be "with" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agreed. KS. | Agree. Please replace "idea or feeling by an" with "idea or feeling with an" -VV | Good catch. Agree with grammatical change proposed by Vaishnavi and in original submission. -Az | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/01/17 1:06 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2120 | 525 | Psychiatry | | | Psychology | Ego defenses | Fadem, Barbara. Behavioral Science. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2017. Print. Board Review Ser. p. 58-59 | Repression is a Freudian defense mechanism that serves as a basis for many other defense mechanisms. Dissociation is a specific defense mechanism that involves one separating a memory or emotion from consciousness. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I'm not sure if this is referring to additional details or? I would leave text as is. -KS | | | | 05/02/17 6:46 AM | Judah | Kupferman | ykupferman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2121 | 527 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Childhood and early-onset disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918296/ | One of the key features of Rett syndrome, in addition to the stereotyped hand-wringing, is deceleration in head growth. This feature can help distinguish this condition with Autism and other childhood developmental disorders. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed. This is how I recalled this for step 1. -AC | Agreed - important distinguishing factor. KS. | Seems fine to add, as deemed HY by Anup, Kalli, and the original submission. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/27/17 5:10 PM | Jake | Gibbons | jagibbs07@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2122 | 527 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Childhood and early-onset disorders | none needed | *Re*tts *Re(gress | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept . Can be simply depicted - CC | | | | 03/20/17 11:30 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2123 | 528 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Dissociative disorders | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Edition 5, p298 | "Dissociative Amnesia" is mentioned under "Amnesia", which would be better if it is mentioned under the "Dissociative Disorders" as it is one type of dissociative disorders in DSM5. You may mention a short definition of it in "Amnesia" section, but the bulk should be under "Dissociative Disorders". | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed. Furthermore, DSM V places the dissociative disorders next to the stress/trauma-related disorders because of their strong relationship. Consider topic placement near anxiety disorders/PTSD on pgs. 533-534. -KS | Agree. Would recommend moving the "Dissociative Amnesia" fact down into the "Dissociative disorders" table. However, I would be in favor of leaving this fact on this page, simply because the facts on pg 533-534 have a particular format, which is not the same as "Dissociative disorders" -VV | I'd be ok moving it down into Dissociative disorders, wouldn't change pagination that way. Sound ok? -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/21/17 6:55 AM | Om | Parkash | opdinani@live.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2124 | 529 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Dementia | Pg. 529 FA 2017 | Mnemonic for irreversible causes of dementia: "WHIPLASH CRash". W = wilson disease, H = huntington, I = infarct (cerebral), P = pick disease, L = Lewy-body, A = Alzheimer, S = substance abuse (chronic), H = HIV, CR= CReutzfeldt-Jakob. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. The mnemonic itself can cue the "irreversible dementia." - CC | | | | 03/26/17 4:21 PM | Khashayar | Arianpour | karianpour@oakland.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2125 | 529 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Dementia | none. simply reorganizing the existing information | It is confusing to have the main topic of Dementia in the Psychiatry section but then have "Vascular dementia", "Lewy body dementia", and "Frontotemporal dementia" in the Neurology section on pages 490-491. While I understand this organization, it made it difficult to realize the intimate connection between the 2 sections. Namely, dementia is primarily caused by Alzheimer disease; 2nd most common cause is Vascular dementia. On the flip side, reading about the specific types of dementia without realizing that there is an overarching dementia section in a later section doesn't provide the context necessary to understand the dementias. These sections should be reorganized to be closer together or combined in some way. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I think moving these topics around was discussed during one of the passes on annotate and we came to a consensus about proper location. Will leave text as we decided upon. -KS | | | | 05/12/17 4:36 PM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2126 | 529 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Dementia | n/a | Mnemonic for the reversible causes of dementia: Happy BirthDay, NaNa (nana = grandmother, as in elderly person with dementia). Hypothyroidism, B12 deficiency, Depression, NPH, Neurosyphilis | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/17/17 9:11 PM | Chelsea | Powell | cpowell3@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2127 | 530 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Schizophrenia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/schizophrenia-epidemiology-and-pathogenesis?source=search_result&search=Schizophrenia&selectedTitle=3~150#H31673348 | UpToDate: Schizophrenia is more common in men than in women (1.4:1). | Minor erratum | Verified | Although some sources say that schizophrenia is more common in men, others say they are equal across both genders (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12650680). This is because the former studies use age cutoffs that can affect the apparent prevalence (schizophrenia manifests earlier and more severely in men than in women). - Angela | We currently say "males=females" in the prevalence discussion of the fact, but I actually do remember learning that it's more common in males. The UpToDate article confirms the submission ("slightly more common in males, 1.4:1"). I'd be open to changing it for the next edition. -AZ Addendum following my & Dr. Chmura's post: Angela makes an interesting point. We can ask Dr. Chmura to comment on this again when she has a moment. | Disagreement/need expert | Shivani Chmura | Yes, risk is higher in males-- higher by 30-40percent lifetime risk. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2727721/#!po=15.0794 | agreed according to article above. unlikely to be tested given it is only recently being discussed. if they were going to ask aboit gender differences i think most likely step 1 will ask about earlier age of insetin males which is strongly established. | Accept | | In column 3 of the Schizophrenia fact, revise "(males=females)" to "(males>females)" -AZ | | 10 | | 01/22/17 12:03 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | ||||||
| 2128 | 530 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Schizophrenia | Clarification from USMLE RX | USMLE RX video says increase dendritic branching, written printed text says decreased dendritic branching | Clarification to current text | Verified | Our text is correct. The video is incorrect. http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n5/box/nrn2836_BX3.html?foxtrotcallback=true -KS | | | | 05/20/17 2:47 AM | Melinda Chai | Melinda Chai | melinda.chai.28@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2129 | 532 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Electroconvulsive therapy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/medical-consultation-for-electroconvulsive-therapy?source=see_link | "Used mainly for... and acutely suicidality." This is grammatically incorrect ("acute suicidality"); It is unclear what exactly is meant by "acutely suicidality". ECT is indicated for "persistent suicidal intent" according to American Psychiatric Association guidelines. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I agree - this should be "acute suicidality". I think the wording (acute suicidality) was developed with help from faculty experts and I think it works quite well here. My understanding is that ECT is used for severe and refractory suicidal ideation. UTD lists the following as one indication: Need exists for rapid treatment response, such as in pregnancy, persistent suicidal intent, or food refusal leading to dehydration or nutritional compromise. We already mention treatment-refractory depression. I suggest changing the wording to "acute or persistent suicidality" - Sarah S | I agree "acute suicidality" is what we should write - Angela | This isn't really an erratum, this is a grammar issue which doesn't terribly impede understanding of the content. But yes, Sarah, Angela, and the submission all got it basically right. I'm fine with "acute or persistent suicidality" as suggested by Sarah. -AZ Addendum: changed to spelling/formatting submission. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/09/17 3:37 PM | Marielle | Mahan | marielle.mahan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2130 | 532 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Postpartum mood disturbances | https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/postpartum-psychiatric-disorders/?doing_wp_cron=1486689973.0454800128936767578125 | Maternal Postpartum blues: ADD: Mom cares about Baby / Postpartum Depression: ADD: Mom doesn't care about baby / Postpartum Psychosis: ADD: Mom Fears Baby | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. The postpartum depression criteria are the same for MDD and DSM V does not say mother does not care about baby, although anhedonia is a possible diagnostic criteria it is not necessary for diagnosis. -KS https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mild-to-moderate-postpartum-unipolar-major-depression-treatment | Agree w/ Kalli, no change. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 10:28 AM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2131 | 532 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Grief | BRS Behavioral Science 7e | Stages of grief: DAng BaD Act. D = denial, Ang = anger, Ba = Bargaining, D = depression, Act = Acceptance | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. While I think this would be helpful, there's built in ambiguity due to the repeat letters (A's in all three words) - CC | | | | 03/29/17 10:51 AM | Khashayar | Arianpour | karianpour@oakland.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2132 | 532 | Psychiatry | | | Miscellaneous | Grief | DSM-5 | Important to note that bereavement is no longer rules out the diagnosis of MDD as per DSM-5. | Major erratum | Verified | We made many changes to the bereavement section - it now says "can meet criteria for MDD episode" - already addressed. -KS | | | | 05/20/17 8:06 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2133 | 532 | Renal | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/774258_4 | Nutcracker syndrome refers to the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, which results in elevated left renal vein pressure.it is characterized by intermittent hematuria with or without left flank or abdominal pain, gonadal vein syndrome and varicocele. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/13/17 1:41 AM | Jayesh | Patel | jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2134 | 533 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Panic disorder | DSM V | In Diagnosis requirements it says "Worrying about consequences of attack" is one option needed for diagnosis. However, DSM V under Panic disorder does not mention this option, it only mentions the 1st and 3rd option the First aid enlist ("Persistent concern of additional attacks" and "Behavioral change related to attacks") | Minor erratum | Verified | I checked DSM-V, and it indeed mentions, "Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences" so I would not accept this errata - Angela | On board with Angela to reject submission. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | agree w angela | | | | 02/07/17 5:19 PM | Gilberto | Aquino | gilberto_1902@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2135 | 533 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Generalized anxiety disorder | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/generalized-anxiety-disorder-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-assessment-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=adjustment%20disorder&selectedTitle=2~69#H601612474 | Adjustment disorder- "If stressor lasts >6 months and causes continual impairment, it is GAD." This should say if symptoms last >6 months (in absence of stressor). | Minor erratum | Verified | Correct. The last sentence should be amended as the reviewer suggested (If symptoms last > 6 months and cause...). - Sarah S | Agree with submission and Sarah, change "stressor" to "symptoms" -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Shivani Chmura | agreed | Accept | | In the Adjustment disorder subfact, 2nd sentence, revise "If the stressor lasts > 6 months" to "If the symptoms last > 6 months" -AZ | | 10 | | 02/09/17 3:53 PM | Marielle | Mahan | marielle.mahan@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 2136 | 533 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Obsessive-compulsive disorder | UWORLD | For Body Dysmorphic Disorder, add: Additional Finding: Disruption of Day-to-Day activities | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. "impaired functioning" means the same as "disruption of day-to-day activities" Would not recommend this addition -VV | Disagree - impaired fxn implies disrupted day-to-day activities. -KS | Agree with authors. No change. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/10/17 10:33 AM | Sarah | Mohtadi | sarah.mohtadi@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2137 | 535 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23884142 | Renin has 1 "I" is downregulated by a1 and upregulated by b1. Insulin has 2 "I"s and is downregulated by A2 and upregulated by b2 receptors | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 02/20/17 7:10 PM | Benjamin | Smood | bfsmood@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2138 | 536 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Somatic symptom and related disorders | http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/188/3/204 | Conversion Disorder: "la belle indifference" has been removed from the DSM-V criteria because it is equally common in organic neurologic disease | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think it's fine to leave in - some physicians will reference/pimp on this since it's classic presentation association. Although, they do make valid point about organic causes like hemineglect making the term obsolete, I vote to keep. - KS | | | | 05/25/17 1:25 PM | Ross | Cadman | crcadman1@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2139 | 537 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Gender dysphoria | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=gender%20dysphoria&sp=0&searchType=PLAIN_TEXT&source=USER_INPUT&searchControl=TOP_PULLDOWN&searchOffset=1&autoComplete&language=en&max=10 | "Transexualism" is now referred to as transgendered | Clarification to current text | Verified | DSMV still uses both definitions. Would not recommend getting rid of the "transsexualism" definition. Would recommend adding the definition of transgender to this fact. “Transgender – transiently or persistently identifies with a gender different from their gender at birth” -VV Per DSM-V: Transgender - refers to the broad spectrum of individuals who transiently or persistently identify with a gender different from their gender at birth. (Note: the term transgendered is not generally used.) Transsexual - refers to an individual who seeks, or has undergone, a social transition from male to female or female to male. In many, but not all, cases this also involves a physical transition through cross-sex hormone treatment and genital surgery (sex reassignment surgery). | Disagree. The current definition for 'transsexualism' is actually 'transgender', with those individuals undergoing sexual reassignment surgery or hormone therapy as 'transexual'. Should read: Transgender - gender identity/expression differs from assigned sex at birth. May undergo surgery or hormone therapy to achieve role (transsexualism). -KS https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64801/ | Agree with KS/VV -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/22/17 4:09 PM | Rory | Mills | rmills27@siumed.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2140 | 537 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Eating disorders | https://www-uptodate-com.lb-proxy2.touro.edu/contents/bulimia-nervosa-in-adults-clinical-features-course-of-illness-assessment-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=bulimia&selectedTitle=3~84#H258842630 | Up to 50% of patients w/ Bulimia nervosa have depression, NOT anorexia. Text currently states that anorexia commonly coexists w/ depression. | Minor erratum | Verified | Ok. I remember we had a discussion with faculty input around this topic last year. It is correct that UTD only lists fluoxetine (SSRI) in the management for bulimia and that is what it is licensed for. The literature seems divided on this topic. In the UK we definitely use Prozac clinically in the management of patients with anorexia and I have seen it work quite well in combination with other therapies. While I agree that it appears to be only licensed for bulimia, it can be used off-label for anorexia. Also, I doubt Step 1 is going to be focusing on this minute and somewhat controversial bit of information. In my opinion faculty input on this potential erratum would be important. - Sarah S | I think Sarah's response got pasted twice but only applies to the SSRI discussion below this one. Nevertheless, just on a quick google search there are tons of hits regarding association of anorexia and depression. We don't say "50%" in the text, just in the Anorexia fact we have "Commonly coexists with depression." Actually, just saw Dr. Chmura's comment here. There are subtle differences that I don't see as being HY for Step 1, and technically we don't have any errata, so I'm inclined to keep this as is. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Shivani Chmura | Well, not really that cut and dry. Bulimia is more commonly associated with mood disorders but anorexics also have mood disorders such as depression (30-40%). Depression is more common in the anorexia with binge purge type than restricting type. http://www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/eating-disorders-statistics/ | Reject | | | | 01/22/17 11:21 PM | Ankeet | Vakharia | ankeet.vakharia@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 2141 | 537 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Eating disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bulimia-nervosa-in-adults-pharmacotherapy?source=search_result&search=bulimia%20nervosa&selectedTitle=2~84 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anorexia-nervosa-in-adults-pharmacotherapy?source=search_result&search=anorexia%20nervosa%20treatment&selectedTitle=3~121 | It is Bulimia, NOT anorexia that has SSRIs (specifically, Fluoxetine) as part of the treatment. | Minor erratum | Verified | Ok. I remember we had a discussion with faculty input around this topic last year. It is correct that UTD only lists fluoxetine (SSRI) in the management for bulimia and that is what it is licensed for. The literature seems divided on this topic. In the UK we definitely use Prozac clinically in the management of patients with anorexia and I have seen it work quite well in combination with other therapies. While I agree that it appears to be only licensed for bulimia, it can be used off-label for anorexia. Also, I doubt Step 1 is going to be focusing on this minute and somewhat controversial bit of information. In my opinion faculty input on this potential erratum would be important. - Sarah S | Below are relevant comment threads from last year, at which time Dr. Chmura signed off on addition of SSRIs as treatment for anorexia: http://goo.gl/UNh8Qf Will defer to her (or Dr. Hall / other faculty) for confirmation as to whether to reject this proposed erratum. Thank you, Sarah, for your insight here as well. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Shivani Chmura | No medication is approved by the FDA for AN. It is used only to treat adjunct comorbid disorders such as OCD and anxiety and mood disorders in AN. No evidence yet for AN directly. So we should say fluoxetine approved for BN. Other ssri commonly used to treat comirbid anxiety and mood disorders in an. | Accept | | Got it. Alright, let's make a couple changes then: 1) Minor erratum: In the Anorexia nervosa fact, revise "pharmacotherapy includes SSRIs" to "pharmacotherapy includes SSRIs for co-morbid anxiety and/or depression" 2) Clarification: In the Bulimia nervous fact, revise "Treatment...antidepressants" to "Treatment...antidepressants (i.e., SSRIs)" | | 10 | | 02/05/17 6:57 PM | David | Buziashvili | dbuziashvili@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 2142 | 537 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Eating disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anorexia-nervosa-in-adults-pharmacotherapy?source=see_link#H3028999 | pharmacotherapy includes the 2nd gen anti-psychotic olanzapine only and should be used as adjunctive treatment. anti depressants such as SSRI or other 2nd gen anti-psychotics have not been shown to be effective. | Major erratum | Verified | This suggestion is inaccurate and does not follow guidelines. We already changed the current text in pass 3 to say SSRIs treat comorbid depression instead which is accurate. Leave as we have it -KS | | | | 05/24/17 3:38 AM | xuyen | ha | xuyen.ha@okstate.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2143 | 537 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anorexia-nervosa-in-adults-and-adolescents-the-refeeding-syndrome#H86794399 | Hello I want to share my opinion with you. In page 537, eating disorders , in anorexia nervosa section , It's better to eliminate 'amenorrhea' as a associated feature in Anorexia nervosa, Because in DSM 5, they removed 'amenorrhea' as one of the associated sign in that section. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Although I agree with this, I think that we can leave the text as is because it is one of the pointers towards anorexia. -AC | I want to leave this as is because the "female athlete triad" is something that is likely to be tested which includes amenorrhea. -KS | | | | 07/22/17 10:36 PM | Sara | Salehiazar | sara_salehiazari@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2144 | 538 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Narcolepsy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-narcolepsy-in-adults?source=search_result&search=narcolepsy&selectedTitle=1~106#H3 | The phrase "Disordered regulation of sleep-wake cycles; primary characteristic is excessive daytime sleepiness (awaken feeling rested) makes it seem like "awake feeling rested" in parentheses is the definition of "excessive daytime sleepiness." I would correct it to "primary characteristic is excessive daytime sleepiness despite feeling rested upon waking. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Would recommend this addition. Please replace "excessive daytime sleepiness (awaken feeling rested)." with "excessive daytime sleepiness despite feeling rested upon waking." -VV UTD: Sleepiness associated with narcolepsy usually improves temporarily after a brief nap, and most patients feel rested when they awake in the morning. | Agree. I would eliminate "primary characteristic is" - if it's being listed in FA it's likely to be a primary characteristic and would eliminate unnecessary text. Change to: "Disordered regulation of sleep-wake cycles; excessive daytime sleepiness despite feeling rested upon waking from "sleep attacks"." The term "sleep attacks" is used by Dynamed, Uptodate,etc. to describe narcolepsy so think it may be appropriate to include. -KS | On board with revision. The only difference I see in the two proposals is the "sleep attacks" language. I suppose if used by Dynamed and UpToDate then it's not a bad idea to add in, no strong preference there. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | In column 2, replace “Disordered regulation of sleep-wake cycles; primary characteristic is excessive daytime sleepiness (awaken feeling rested)” with “Disordered regulation of sleep-wake cycles characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (despite feeling rested upon waking)” | | 5 | | 01/11/17 2:14 PM | Camille | Davis | camille.davis@bcm.edu | | | ||||||||
| 2145 | 538 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Narcolepsy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults?source=machineLearning&search=modafinil&selectedTitle=8~62§ionRank=1&anchor=H5#H5 | I came up with this mnemonic a few years ago, and it has made it VERY easy to remember how to treat narcolepsy. People who have narcolepsy cannot keep themselves from falling asleep, and their condition can be treated with modafinil. Thus, "Wake up and smell modafinil" (as in, "wake up and smell the daffodils") | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. The phonetic similarity is helpful - CC | | | | 05/02/17 5:36 PM | Walter | Klyce | walter_klyce@brown.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2146 | 538 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Sleep terror disorder | First aid 2017 | You have nightmares during REM sleep so your REMember your nightmare whereas you forget your night terrors during N3 sleep. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. - CC | | | | 05/06/17 5:38 PM | Holden | Wagstaff | holden.wagstaff@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2147 | 538 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | N/A | Funny Boys Get LaughS | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Page number wrong. Mnemonic too basic. -JL | | | | 03/13/17 8:30 PM | Eric | Youssab | ericyoussab@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2148 | 540 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | none needed | "Beat him down with Benzodiazepines" Amphetamines Cocaine and LSD all lead to agitation and Benzodiazepines are the treatment of choice | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Probably more memorable to the creator himself - CC | | | | 02/06/17 7:25 AM | Frank | Jackson | fjackson@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2149 | 540 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/50/2/291#sec-29 | Under "Intoxication" for "Benzodiazepines", it says: "flumazenil (benzodiazepine receptor antagonist)". Technically, flumazenil is a GABA-A receptor antagonist that acts on the same site as benzos ("benzodiazepine site", not "benzodiazepine receptor") | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agreed. Maybe change to "block benzodiazepine binding site" to specify the allosteric action. *Could add diagram of GABA-A receptor on pg 515 (neuro drugs page) to show multiple subunits/binding sites for benzos/barbs with the mechanism next to the binding site arrow (benzos increase frequency, barbs increase duration of Cl- channel opening). -KS https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK28090/ | Disagree. Most of the sources I looked at use "benzodiazepine receptor antagonist" Would not recommend this change. -VV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flumazenil http://reference.medscape.com/drug/romazicon-flumazenil-343731#10 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/flumazenil-drug-information?source=search_result&search=flumazenil&selectedTitle=1~73 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8306565 | Well, in reviewing the sources provided, I see both phrases used, including in the ones Vaishnavi cited (wiki, medscape, uptodate). The submission and Kalli's comment are both technically correct (benzodiazepine site on GABA-A receptor), but "benzodiazepine receptor antagonist" is a more concise phrasing. I see some merit to potential clarification, but if the end result is a) more words and b) no more likely to answer a question on Step 1 correctly, I question the need to revise. Let's ask one of our pharm faculty to weigh in on necessity to revise how we say this. -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 03/01/17 6:26 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2150 | 540 | Psychiatry | | | Miscellaneous | Opioid analgesics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neonatal-abstinence-syndrome | As the opioid epidemic affects more and more communities, a mention of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) would be a beneficial addition. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am unopposed to this addition, however would need to defer to 2019. -KS | | | | 05/13/17 1:17 PM | Grace | Sollender | grace.e.sollender.med@dartmouth.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2151 | 541 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/synthetic-cannabinoids-acute-intoxication?source=search_result&search=synthetic%20cannabinoids&selectedTitle=1~100 | Synthetic cannabinoid (also known as K2 or Spice) intoxication is seen commonly in ER settings. Recent studies show that it is only 2nd to marijuana for illicit drug use among adolescents. Conjunctival injection, tachycardia, severe agitation, vomiting, more serious toxicities such as toxic psychosis, hyperthermia, rhabodomyolysis, respiratory depression, and even coma or death. | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Personally, I have not heard of this drug being tested as often as PCP or other drugs in FA. Need input from other authors to include. -AC | Disagree. I have never seen a question on this drug in any question banks or on NBME exams. -KS | Not HY for Step 1, but HY for parenting teenagers. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/11/17 2:32 PM | Camille | Davis | camille.davis@bcm.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2152 | 541 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | Common terminology | It would be helpful for many students to add that Phencyclidine is commonly known as "PCP" or "angel dust." This would keep with the other drug names listed on the page. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Would match formatting of other drugs "street" names in table. -KS | Agree. In order to be consistent with the rest of the rows, please replace "Phencyclidine" with "Phencyclidine (PCP)" -VV | So, the thing is we aren't supposed to add acronyms to fact titles per AMA style, but LSD and PCP are "street names" rather than "acronyms" solely so I'm not entirely sure what the best way to add this is, though we already have LSD in the fact title in the row below. We can skip the proposition to add "angel dust," but as far as adding "PCP," I'll defer to Christine/Emma on First Aid style. Let's migrate to Annotate anyways and figure it out on there. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/17/17 7:38 AM | Zachary | Mostel | zack.mostel@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2153 | 541 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | Mine | You could highlight in wernicke korsAKOff the "AKO" to remember of its triad: Ataxia, Konfusion, Ophthalmoplegia | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like how the mnemonic is within the term itself. - CC | | | | 03/31/17 8:28 PM | Julienne | Sanchez | Spjulie8@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2154 | 541 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Alcoholism | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794583-overview | Wernicke encephalopathy triad: think of drunk alcoholic (vitamin B1 deficient) stumbling (ataxia) and appearing confused (confusion) with impaired eye movements (ophthalmoplegia) | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Reject. Excessive effort compared to the one above - CC | | | | 05/07/17 1:14 PM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2155 | 541 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | Uworld Question Id: 1165 | PCP is an hallucinogen that works primarily as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | I think this was already addressed for pass 3. -KS | | | | 06/13/17 2:04 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2156 | 541 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287790-treatment#d9 | For Opiod withdrawal detoxification add Alpha-2 agonists like clonidine or lofexidine as they appear to be most effective in suppressing autonomically mediated signs and symptoms of abstinence. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/21/17 5:46 PM | Rocio | Bautista | Rociobautista01@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2157 | 541 | Renal | | | Physiology | Kidney endocrine functions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vitamin-d-deficiency-beyond-the-basics | Caciferol | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/08/17 6:50 PM | Shayan | Anwar | shayan.s.anwar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2158 | 542 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Central nervous system stimulants | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/adderall-amphetamine-dextroamphetamine-342997 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/methylphenidate-drug-information?source=see_link | Methylphenidate/dextroamphetamine/methamphetamine are not indicated for appetite control | Minor erratum | Verified | Link provided here gives info that the side effect is appetite suppression. -AC | Agreed. Should eliminate 'appetite control' from list of uses. Leave 'anorexia' in ADRs. -KS | Confirmed via UpToDate. I'm sure stimulants are used for weight loss by some people but it's not a formal indication we should be including in the book. Agree with Kalli to leave anorexia in list of side effects, but strike appetite control from clinical use line. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | In column 2 under clinical use, delete “appetite control.” | | 10 | | 03/18/17 12:53 PM | Rojan | Adhikari | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2159 | 543 | Pharmacology | | | Psychology | Atypical antipsychotics | n/a | "when you -PINE you DINE" --> metabolic syndrome (WG, DM, hyperlipidemia) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 9:44 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2160 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Typical antipsychotics | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10724129 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tardive-dyskinesia-etiology-and-epidemiology | Tardive dyskinesia is mentioned as EPS. But, it is not truly an extrapyramidal symptom. " tardive dyskinesia is less well understood but is thought to be a supersensitivity response to chronic dopamine blockade" | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. Extrapyramidal symptoms just means those that involve structures for involuntary movements (vs. voluntary movements from CST/corticobulbar tracts). Tardive dyskinesia has subtypes that encompass symptoms of akathisia, dystonia, etc. so would be relevant to still list under EPS sx in FA. May not be warranted to include pathophysiology of TD because exact mechanism is unknown - just theories (multiple listed in DynaMed article in addition to dopamine hypersensitivity hypothesis). -KS http://www.uptodate.com/contents/tardive-dyskinesia-clinical-features-and-diagnosis https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T113751/Tardive-dyskinesia | Agree with Kalli to keep as is. No change needed at this time. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/18/17 2:23 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2161 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Atypical antipsychotics | No Website Link | QueTiaPine – QT Prolongation | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Ambiguous whether it's all or only quetiapine. -AM | | | | 03/26/17 8:57 PM | Jinal K. | Patel | jinal-kp@auamed.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2162 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Typical antipsychotics | Pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709416/ treatment for tardive dyskinesia - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tardive-dyskinesia-prevention-and-treatment?source=search_result&search=tardive%20dyskinesia%20treatment&selectedTitle=1~150 | Tardive dyskinesia is listed as treated with benztropine but the current accepted theory (see references) for the pathophysiology behind TD is that there is a hypersensitivity to dopamine receptors thereby causing an increased response to little remaining dopamine that exists leading to increased movement. An anticholinergic such as benztropine would actually make the TD worse. Instead, tetrabenazine should be given which can deplete dopamine stores and decrease the effects of dopamine on the hypersensitive receptors. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Dopamine depletion medications are used for TD - tetrabenazine/reserpine. Article referenced in UpToDate specifically says anticholinergics may aggravate TD - exception is tardive dystonia specifically. Could reformat the EPS section to have treatments for each listed after each disease entity/symptoms instead of at the bottom. Hours to days: Acute Dystonia (muscle spasm, stiffness, oculogyric crisis, torticollis) - Tx: benztropine, diphenhydramine Days to months: Akathisia (restlessness) - Tx: beta-blocker, benztropine, benzodiazepines Parkinsonism (bradykinesia) - Tx: benztropine, amantadine Months to years: Tardive dyskinesia (orofacial chorea) - Tx: tetrabenazine or reserpine -KS http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacotherapy-for-schizophrenia-side-effect-management https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T113751/Tardive-dyskinesia#Treatment-overview | Agree with Kalli and with this submission. We did a huge revamp of this fact last year (thanks Sarah S for spearheading!), but certainly an additional modification like the one proposed where we list Tx next to each EPS entity seems to have merit. I'm fine both migrating this proposition as well as addressing the specific errata item pointed out. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | Replace the last bullet under EPS—ADAPT with “Months to years: Tardive dyskinesia (orofacial chorea). Treatment: switch to atypical antipsychotic (eg, clozapine), tetrabenazine, reserpine.” | | 10 | | 03/29/17 8:56 PM | Peter | Boucas | pboucas99@midwestern.edu | | | |||||||||
| 2163 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Typical antipsychotics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tardive-dyskinesia-prevention-and-treatment?source=search_result&search=benztropine&selectedTitle=6~31 | The text says treatment for EPS. then says Benzotropine (acute dystonia, tardive dyskinesia): however antimuscarinics may actually worsen tar dive dyskinesias and are contraindicated. In severe refractory cases maybe used as 5th line. Benzodiazepines, thought inconclusively, are recommended before as well as decreasing D2 blocking medication. | Major erratum | Duplicate | We have addressed this already - resolved in 1st pass. -KS | | | | 04/27/17 1:37 PM | Garrison | Carlos | gmc1521@jagmail.southalabama.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2164 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | lippincott illustrated pharmacology -chapter antipsychotics | schizoaffective disorder is treated more commonly with paliperidone. FIRST AID mentions clozapine as the drug of choice | Major erratum | Verified | I would leave as is - the text mentions clozapine as the drug for refractory which is true. -KS | | | | 05/07/17 5:56 AM | KULSAJAN | BHATIA | kulsajan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2165 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Atypical antipsychotics | lippincotts illustrated review pharmacology | maximum sedation in atypical antipsychotics is seen in quetiapine- mnemonic is person becomes quiet (sedated) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Too late to add new mnemonics. -KS | | | | 05/07/17 6:00 AM | KULSAJAN | BHATIA | kulsajan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2166 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Atypical antipsychotics | N/A | You risk growing a pair of breasts with rispairidone. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Nice. -AM | | | | 05/08/17 5:27 PM | Joseph T | Tarr | tue57207@temple.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2167 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Atypical antipsychotics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/guidelines-for-prescribing-clozapine-in-schizophrenia?source=see_link§ionName=ADVERSE%20EFFECTS&anchor=H41032386#H2828470380 | Clozapine is associated with myocarditis, which may be caused by a type-I hypersensitivity reaction based on the presence of eosinophils in the inflamed myocardium on autopsy. This detail appears to be significant due to the approximately 1 in 500 risk of this adverse event. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Although the detail is significant, I am not sure if it is HY. -AC | | | | 05/11/17 1:54 PM | Maitri | Pancholy | msp5995@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2168 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Atypical antipsychotics | n/a | "when you -PINE you DINE" --> metabolic syndrome (WG, DM, hyperlipidemia) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 9:46 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2169 | 543 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Atypical antipsychotics | n/a | i am -DONE -PINE-ing over a RIP (aRIPprazole) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 9:50 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2170 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Antidepressants | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/wellbutrin-zyban-bupropion-342954#10 | Image on 544 indicates that bupropion promotes NE release into synapse, but text on 546 states that bupropion "inhibits reuptake of NE and dopamine." Image is confusing/contradictory with text. Bupropion should be grouped with TCAs & SNRIs on left side. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Need confirmation to put in annotate. -AC | Excellent point! I agree, our figure should not contradict the text. I believe the text was updated more recently than the figure, and as such, the figure merits updating as suggested by this submission. Defer to Mehboob/Hans/Emma for moving to Mural.ly. Yes, Anup, this should be moved to Annotate. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not errata worthy | | | 12/30/16 3:57 PM | Brielle | Gerry | bvg6er@virginia.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2171 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Antidepressants | In the FA17, P546, Atypical antidepressants, Bupropion. Also you cand find it here in Medscape: http://reference.medscape.com/drug/wellbutrin-zyban-bupropion-342954#10 | In the Antidepressant picture, add Bupropion in the drugs which inhibit NE reuptake, in the box of TCAs and SNRIs | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/27/17 10:10 AM | Omid | Shafaat | omid.shafaat@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2172 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Atypical antidepressants | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/wellbutrin-zyban-bupropion-342954#10 | The diagram indicates TCAs and SNRIs work on NE by inhibiting its reuptake and Bupropion works by potentiating the release of more NE into the cleft but 2 pages later, the MOA of Bupropion is described as inhibiting the reuptake of NE (and dopamine) and not simply causing a release of more NE into the cleft. The MOA of Bupropion isn't fully understood so it is unclear if this is an error or simply in need of clarification but at the very least, it is confusing and conflictive. For what its worth, eMedicine says Bupropion is an NE and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/06/17 1:36 PM | Abdul | Dada | qadirdada@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2173 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bupropion-drug-information?source=preview&anchor=F143171#F143171 | There seems to be a contradiction between whats written in the text as the mechanism of action for Bupropion on pg546 and whats shown in the diagram on pg544. The diagram shows Bupropion as enhancing Norepinephrine release, which is incorrect. The tex on pg 546 correctly states that it inhibits NE reuptake and hence it should be included along with TCAs and SNRIs as drugs that inhibit NE reuptake in the diagram on pg 544. UpToDate mentions the following as the mechanism of action of Bupropion: Aminoketone antidepressant structurally different from all other marketed antidepressants; like other antidepressants the mechanism of bupropion's activity is not fully understood. Bupropion is a relatively weak inhibitor of the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, and does not inhibit monoamine oxidase or the reuptake of serotonin. Metabolite inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine. The primary mechanism of action is thought to be dopaminergic and/or noradrenergic. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 04/15/17 5:25 AM | Syed K Sohaib | Qadri | skcadri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2174 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Lithium | n/a | li(THI)um toxicity --> treatment: (THI)azide | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 10:08 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2175 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Buspirone | n/a | i'm always anxious if the bus will be on time (your mnemonic). It usually comes every 1-2 weeks (effect duration). the Bus has a NO alcohol policy (does not interact with alcohol) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 10:44 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2176 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Buspirone | n/a | the 5 of us (H)ave (T)o take the bus ({5-HT} receptor stimulant). it usually comes every 1-2 weeks (time to take effect). the bus has a NO alcohol policy (does not interact with alcohol) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 10:53 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2177 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Buspirone | n/a | the 5 of us (H)ave (T)o take bus #1A ({5-HT1A} receptor stimulant). it only comes every 1-2 weeks (time to take effect). the bus has a NO alcohol policy (does not interact with alcohol) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 10:58 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2178 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Lithium | n/a | li(THI)um toxicity --> associated with: (THI)azide (not treatment as i mistakingly said before) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/17/17 8:07 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2179 | 544 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Antidepressants | Page 546 of First Aid 2017 edition, "Mirtazapine" section | In the figure related to "Antidepressants", "Mirtazapine" has labeled as an α 2 -antagonist that only increase NE release, but based on the statement about the drug in the Page 546, the Mirtazapine increase release of both NE and 5-HT. So in the figure Mirtazapine should be labeled as a drug the release both NE and 5-HT. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/10/17 9:07 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2180 | 545 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Antidepressants | None needed | Amitriptyline is more associated with Anticholinergic side effects. (Bold the A's of "Amitriptyline" and "Anticholinergic") | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Simple and effective. Atropine with bolded A could also be added. -AM | | | | 02/19/17 12:25 AM | Jake | Gibbons | jagibbs07@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2181 | 545 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Tricyclic antidepressants | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2014120/ | Amitriptyline is a first generation TCA and it is a tertiary amine (therefore it is more potent but produces more anticholinergic effects) as compare to nortriptyline which is 2nd generation and secondary amine. The text should clarify if the number is refering to amine stucture or generation. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 03/27/17 12:26 AM | Trung (Jack) | Duong | ttdyq9@health.missouri.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2182 | 545 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors | First Aid 2017 | Duloxetine can be spelled "Dualoxetine" to remember that it inhibits both 5HT and NE (dual) reuptake. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Not bad. -AM | | | | 04/20/17 2:49 PM | Missak | Tchoulhakian | mtchoulhakian@westernu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2183 | 545 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Serotonin syndrome | First Aid 2017 page 546, Adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors; http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/733706_2 | st. john wort and meperidine also causes serotonin syndrome. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | I believe the table that we made has addressed this issue - KS | | | | 05/09/17 6:14 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2184 | 545 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | n/a | SSri Side effects: 3 S's: Stomach (GI distress), SIADH, Sexual dysfunction (low libido) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 10:40 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2185 | 545 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Antidepressants | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628173/ | SSRIs clinical uses | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/24/17 6:31 PM | Felix Enmanuel | Alcantara Castillo | felixalcantarac@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2186 | 546 | Psychiatry | | | Pharmacology | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors | n/a | MAO inhibitors (M: Malignant hypertension with A: Aged wine and O: Old cheese) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 10:36 PM | Mohamad | Ayas | m.f.ayas93@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2187 | 546 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-classification-and-treatment-of-rapidly-progressive-crescentic-glomerulonephritis | Goodpasture syndrome is type I not type II | Major erratum | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/25/17 6:13 PM | Arielle | Clute | arielleclute@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2188 | 546 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/980685-workup | Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: EM - subepithelial immune complex (IC) humps. It should be SubENDOthelial IC humps. | Major erratum | Staff rejects | 2016 Edition | | | | 01/30/17 3:56 PM | Anirudh | Jaglan | dwaynetheking9@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2189 | 548 | Renal | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | None. | To remember that meSonephros functions as the interim kidney, and meTanephros functions as the permanent kidney; S comes BEFORE T in alphabetical order | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. Important/Testable. Can be a little basic tho. Suggestion: add this after initial blurb on 'mesonephros' on pg. 548. -JL | | | | 01/22/17 1:48 PM | Ankeet | Vakharia | ankeet.vakharia@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2190 | 548 | Renal | | | Embryology | Potter sequence (syndrome) | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/983477-overview#a4 | Modification of "POTTER" mnemonic (manifestations of Potter syndrome) to "HARRY POTTER" to include causes as well. HARRY: 'H'ydronephrosis (obstructive uropathy); bilateral renal 'A'gensis; 'R'educed (insufficient) placental supply; premature 'R'upture of amniotic membrane; c'Y'stic kindey diseases (ARPKD, multicystic renal dysplasia) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I like the idea, but feel like that most of these causes in 'HARRY' are just causes of oligohydraminos (which I would rather people spend time to learn than to memorize extra sequential letters). This suggestion is kinda redundant considering the other 2 mnemonics we have for potter sequence. -JL | | | | 02/08/17 8:02 PM | Amram | Averick | AAverick@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2191 | 548 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | Firecracker | Most common causes of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis can be remembered by the mnemonic MOSAIIC: Minority (african americans, hispanics), Obesity, Sickle Cell Disease, AIDS (HIV), IV drug abuse (heroin), Interferon tx, Chronic Kidney disease | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept (marginal). However, page number is actually 566. FSGS risk factors/causes show up on exams all the time. Could use some good mnemonic for it (is there a copyright issue with using something from Firecracker?). -JL | | | | 02/09/17 2:13 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2192 | 548 | Renal | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | grammar | interaction induces differentiation and formation of glomerulus "through to" distal convoluted tubule (the sentence structure seems incorrect) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/11/17 2:12 PM | Joy | Badaoui | jsb10@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2193 | 550 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney anatomy and glomerular structure | SELF | FAT SMOKING RAPER - Fat(glycogen & Lipid, OBESITY), RAPER- Renin,ACTH,PTH,EPO, RADIOCHEMORESISTANT | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This is an unfortunate acronym. -JL | | | | 02/08/17 2:56 AM | Abel | Joseph | a4abell@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2194 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK204/ | "Charge barrier- all 3 layers contain negatively charged glycoprotein preventing POSITIVELY charged molecule entry (eg, albumin)" is wrong because a negative barrier would repel NEGATIVE charged molecule (such as albumin). The entry also describes albumin as a positively charged molecule, which it is not. see reference: " The reason is that albumin has a negative charge at normal blood pH and attracts and retains cations, especially Na+ in the vascular compartment." | Major erratum | Verified | Agree, please change "all 3 layers contain ⊝ charged glycoproteins preventing ⊕ charged molecule entry" to all 3 layers contain ⊝ charged glycoproteins preventing ⊝ charged molecule entry (eg, albumin)." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Definitely major erratum! Albumin is negatively charged, and the negatively charged glycoproteins repel albumin (and other negative charge molecules). As an aside -- positively charged molecules would be attracted by the negatively charged glyocproteins and filtration of cations is actually enhanced compared to filtration of anions for this reason. (that's too much detail for the book though)..;) So we should succinctly correct this to say "preventing NEGATIVELY charged molecule entry (eg albumin)" | Accept | | Change "all 3 layers contain ⊝ charged glycoproteins preventing ⊕ charged molecule entry" to "all 3 layers contain ⊝ charged glycoproteins preventing ⊝ charged molecule entry (eg, albumin)." | | 20 | | 12/29/16 3:35 AM | Christopher | Chhoun | ckc2qa@virginia.edu | | | ||||||||
| 2195 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | Albumin is negative (that's how calcium binds to it) | The negatively charged glycoproteins prevent negatively charged molecule entry (not positive). Also, Albumin is negatively charged (not positive). | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 12/29/16 3:09 PM | Bashar | Ramadan | b.k.ramadan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2196 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | Not needed | Size barrier—fenestrated capillary EPIthelium should write fenestrated capillary ENDOthelium | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree with change, in 3rd column change fenestrated capillary EPIthelium to fenestrated capillary ENDOthelium. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | The comment is correct. This is a minor erratum and should be changed to ENDOthelium. | soroushraisbahrami@gmail.com | Agree | Accept | | In the 3rd column change fenestrated capillary EPIthelium to fenestrated capillary ENDOthelium. | | 5 | | 01/07/17 7:55 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||
| 2197 | 551 | Renal | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | http://physrev.physiology.org/content/88/2/451 | Charge barrier - all three layers contain negatively charged glycoproteins preventing NEGATIVELY charged molecule entry | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/10/17 11:24 AM | David | Barra | Barra.dm@icloud.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2198 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334451/ | While the glomerular basement membrane does indeed contain negatively charged glycoproteins, this would prevent other NEGATIVELY charged molecules from entering (eg, albumin). | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/17/17 10:51 AM | Rohit | Nallani | nallanir@msu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2199 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th ed. 2016. P. 336 | Charge barrier-all 3 layers contain negatively charged glycoproteins preventing (-) (i.e.NEGATIVELY) charged molecule entry (e.g. Albumin) [in 2017 text the sign (+) is used to describe the charge of albumin, and it is negatively charged, so it should be corrected to (-). | Major erratum | Verified | See earlier entry. Earlier entry was accepted. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Yes-- albumin is NEGATIVELY charged. | Accept | | | | 01/19/17 5:16 PM | Ahmad Shokry | Megahed | ahmadshokry89@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2200 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | http://medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/blood_vessels_lab/fenestrated_capillary_em.php | Size barrier- fenestrated capillary endothelium (not epithelium as stated) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/22/17 10:23 AM | Joshua | Radparvar | joshua.radparvar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2201 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijn/2012/481520/ | negatively charged glycoproteins prevent negatively charged molecule entry (e.g., albumin) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Yes albumin is negatively charged | | | | 01/24/17 1:06 PM | Fasil | Mathews | fam30@pitt.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2202 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/biology-of-glomerular-podocytes | Albumin is listed as positively charged, but it is negatively charged (and hence would be repelled by the negatively charged filtration barrier) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Yes albumin is negatively charged | | | | 01/27/17 1:49 PM | Rhodes | Hambrick | rhodeshambrick@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2203 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | Goljan rapid review pathology page 507 | "charge barrier - all 3 layers contain (-) charged glycoproteins preventing (+) charged molecule entry (eg, albumin). Correction: The negative charged glycoproteins prevents NEGATIVE charged molecules from entering (eg, albumin) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/29/17 1:52 PM | Sarju | Panchal | panchalsarju@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2204 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334451/ | Charge barrier - all 3 layers contain negative charged glycoproteins preventing positively charged molecule entry (eg. albumin). This does not makes sense, as negatively charged glycoproteins should repel OTHER negatively charged molecules, not positively charged molecules. Albumin is also negatively charged. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/31/17 2:50 PM | Kyle | Suen | ksuen81@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2205 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | Not Needed. The composition of the barrier is listed correctly in the section to the left of the information on the size barrier. | Current 2017 Edition States: "Size barrier—fenestrated capillary epithelium (prevent entry of > 100 nm molecules/blood cells)." "fenestrated capillary epithelium" should say "fenestrated capillary endothelium". | Major erratum | Duplicate | This has been corrected in previous comment. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | | | 02/15/17 6:13 PM | Ben | Scarboro | dscarb@vt.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 2206 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839671/ | Charge barrier—all 3 layers contain ⊝ charged glycoproteins preventing ⊕ charged molecule entry (eg, albumin). | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/05/17 7:48 PM | Rahees | Ahmed Abbasi | oasisblu8@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2207 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334451/ | Says that the (-) charge barrier is keeping out (+) charged molecules (albumin) when albumin is a negatively charged molecule and (-) on (-) interaction is the repelling force | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/10/17 11:42 AM | Matt | Skinner | skinnermatt@outlook.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2208 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/biology-of-glomerular-podocytes | All 3 layers contain negative charged glycoproteins preventing other negatively charged molecules from entering, FA has the opposite written. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/02/17 10:52 PM | Solomon | Sebt | simon.sebt@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2209 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/hep.20720/asset/20720_ftp.pdf;jsessionid=606269178F91EC37D6051484C64E12DB.f01t03?v=1&t=j1dmakug&s=1263c33a91a37f0202f332b20e684e9726b5c523 | On second column Charge barrier "... preventing + charged molecule entry..." should be ""... preventing - charged molecule entry (e.g.albumin)" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/11/17 10:04 AM | Oscar | Orengo | oscaroalbertorio@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2210 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-nephrotic-syndrome-in-children | The negatively charged glycoproteins prevent NEGATIVELY charged molecules (such as albumin) from entry and allow POSTIVELY charged molecules to be filtered more easily. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Reject- Duplicate. -Majed | Duplicate - KS | Duplicate, and fixed already. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 2:51 PM | Kuntal | Chowdhary | k.chowdhary.92@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2211 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | physiology textbook and google | should say "preventing negatively charged molecule entry" | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Reject - Duplicate. - Majed | Duplicate - KS | Duplicate, and fixed already. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/17/17 8:00 PM | Mai-Anh | Vuong-Dac | ma1anhvuong@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2212 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334451/ | Current: "All 3 layers contain negatively charged glycoproteins preventing POSITIVELY charged molecule entry (ie albumin)" Change: 1) Albumin is NEGATIVELY charged; 2) A negatively charged membrane serves to Repel Negatively charged proteins, not positive, as Positive & negative attract one another. Study below describes how charge may not play as strong a role as previously thought, but at a general/basic level, Negative doesn't repel positive. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate. Majed | | | | 05/09/17 9:33 AM | Mihael | Rosenbaum | mihaelrosenbaum@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2213 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK204/ | You report the; "The charge barrier of the glomerular filtration has negatively charged glycoproteins preventing positively charged molecule entry e.g. albumin." But albumin is NOT positively charged but it is rather negatively charged. The filtration barrier prevents anions (negatively charged species) from being filtered. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/22/17 7:36 AM | Christopher | Kaingo, MD | ck898@georgetown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2214 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albumin?wprov=sfla1 | The charge barrier is negatively charged, and states that this prevents positively charged molecules entry and then uses albumin as an example. Albumin is negatively charged, and I'm assuming the same charged repels it from entry | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | 05/25/17 1:15 PM | Daniela | Granzo | grand5651@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2215 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK204/ | Charge barrier is negative, however example ptotein given whoch cannot cross is albumin; error is that it states albumin is positive charge. Should be negative charge to prevent the entry of albumin | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/20/17 6:14 PM | Omar | Gonzalez | Tmonique9@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2216 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Changes in glomerular dynamics | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334451/ | All three layers of the glomerular filtration barrier contain negatively charged glycoproteins, which prevents NEGATIVELY (not positively) charged molecule entry | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 09/03/17 7:33 PM | Anna | Martens | anna.martens@tufts.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2217 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334451/ | Change in column 3 from, "all 3 layers contain negative charged glycoproteins preventing POSITIVE charged molecule entry (eg, albumin)." to, "all 3 layers contain negative charged glycoproteins preventing NEGATIVELY charged molecule entry (eg, albumin)." | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 09/14/17 1:15 PM | KARANBIR | SINGH | karansingh_21@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2218 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/982920-overview. One of many schematics detailing the three layers of the glomerular filtration barrier | "Size barrier - fenestrated capillary epithelium" should read "Size barrier - fenestrated capillary endothelium" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 09/25/17 9:33 PM | Trisha | Bhat | trishabhat@wustl.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2219 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/biology-of-glomerular-podocytes?source=search_result&search=glomerular%20filtration%20barrier%20repels%20negative%20charges&selectedTitle=9~150 | Glomerular filtration barrier is negatively charged and so repels negatively charged molecules like albumin. It does not repel positive charges and albumin is not a positively charged molecule | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 09/30/17 4:20 PM | Bianca | Saenz | besaenz@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2220 | 551 | Renal | | | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895306/ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.20720/pdf | Fromt he paragraph "Charge barrier - all 3 layers contain (-) charged glycoproteins preventing (+) charged molecule entry (e.g., albumin)." The (-) charge membranes prevent (-) charged particles from entering, not (+) charged particles. Albumin also has a (-) charge, not a (+) charge. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/03/17 10:35 AM | Caleb | Watkins | caleb.watkins@med.uvm.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2221 | 552 | Renal | | | Physiology | Effective renal plasma flow | N/A | I was confused by this section until I realized that all of these equations were volume-related. I think it would be helpful to say "Plasma volume = 1-hematocrit" Instead of "Plasma = 1-hematocrit". | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept but “Plasma volume” would not be accurate. 1 - Hct = FRACTION of blood volume occupied by plasma. - Majed https://studentconsult.inkling.com/read/physiology-linda-s-costanzo-5th/chapter-6/renal-blood-flow#58735c2b755a4f878ad7947df93441f5 | I wrote an equation based on the Kaplan review books into my FA that I thought was better: TBV X (1-Hct) = Plasma Volume Consider changing to this equation for clarity? -KS https://books.google.com/books?id=MfnLDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=plasma+hematocrit+equation+usmle&source=bl&ots=AUolKRup6l&sig=lGdee7sUPBkCZU6goA9MAodxhAs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhq5vRnrbTAhUI6IMKHXPCBOEQ6AEIVTAH#v=onepage&q=plasma%20hematocrit%20equation%20usmle&f=false | Agree to add KS's formula to this table. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/20/17 6:41 PM | Gabriel | Franta | franta@ohsu.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 2222 | 552 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal clearance | n/a | How to remember the renal clearance properties of different substances: "R U Going to the SPAH? Finally, I M!" R = reabsorbed U,G = Urea, Glucose; S = Secreted PAH = Para-aminohippuric acid; F = Filtered only I,M = Inulin, Mannitol. Urea and Glucose are both partially reabsorbed so more is what is excreted is less than what was filtered. PAH is secreted into the lumen so what is excreted is more than what was filtered. And Inulin and Mannitol are both freely filtered only so that excretion = filtration (i.e. same as GFR) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Acronym heavy. Gets a little heavy. -JL | | | | 05/24/17 2:12 PM | Jordyn | Tumas | jbt005@jefferson.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2223 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2490816/ | "ACE Inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole" to "ACE inhibitors Dilate efferent arterioles | Major erratum | Verified | Agree with client - good catch. The mnemonic should state "Angiotensin II Constricts Efferent arteriole." http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/104/16/1985 "ACE inhibitors decrease glomerular capillary pressure by decreasing arterial pressure and by selectively dilating efferent arterioles." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Angiotensin II is a vasoconstritor. It constricts the efferent arteriole of glomerulus preferentially compared to afferent arteriole. So ACE Inhibitors block this. They vasodilate. so if changing from "constrict" to "dilate" that is also an appropriate correction. | soroushraisbahrami@gmail.com | ACEI doesn't necessarily dilate though, it prevents the degree of constriction encountered when more AT2 is present by inhibiting its formation. | Accept | | Change "ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole (ACE)" to "Angiotensin II Constricts Efferent arteriole." | | 20 | | 12/24/16 12:36 AM | Jay | Patel | drjayjpatelmd@gmail.com | | | ||||||
| 2224 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | pg 577 First Aid 2017 | "ACE Inhibitors Constrict Efferent Arteriole" is wrong; in fact they PREVENT the constriction of the efferent arteriole. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 12/29/16 1:24 AM | Christopher | Chhoun | ckc2qa@virginia.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2225 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2490816/ | "ACE Inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole" to "ACE Inhibitors Dilate Efferent arterioles" | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/04/17 10:59 PM | Jay J. | Patel | drjayjpatelmd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2226 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension?source=search_result&search=ACEI+efferent+arteriole&selectedTitle=3~150 | Angiotensin II primarily consctricts efferent arteriole, therefore, ACEI dilate not constrict efferent arteriole | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/06/17 1:01 PM | Mikhail | Rassokhin | medchel@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2227 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/choice-of-drug-therapy-in-primary-essential-hypertension?source=search_result&search=ACEi&selectedTitle=2~150#H11 | Mnemonic says ACE inhibitors constrict efferent arteriole -- they actually prevent constriction of efferent arteriole. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/10/17 6:44 PM | Utkarsh | Anil | utkarsh.anil@nyumc.org | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2228 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2490816/ | Angiotensin II constricts the efferent arteriole, so ACE Inhibitors would dilate or prevent constriction of the efferent arteriole. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/11/17 10:25 AM | Rohit | Nallani | nallanir@msu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2229 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | On the top right corner of the page it is written that ACE inhibitors constrict Efferent Arterioles. ACE inhibitors Dilate Efferent arterioles | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/11/17 9:36 PM | Mohamed | Abdelghffar | m_abdelghffar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2230 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | There is a statement on pg 553.1 that "ACE inhibitors constrict efferent arterioles". This is wrong as ATII constricts efferent arterioles and not ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors would prevent ATII which would in reality dilate efferent arterioles. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/13/17 5:43 PM | Jaemin | Yim | jaeminyim@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2231 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-heart-failure | In the third column you have written "ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole (ACE)" when they dilate the efferent arteriole. Angiotensin II constricts the efferent arteriole. You have the correct concept expressed later in the image on that page and in the pharmacology section. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/15/17 8:35 AM | Jesse | Frye | jesse.frye@stonybrookmedicine.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2232 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th ed. 2016, P. 344, http://www.medicinenet.com/ace_inhibitors/article.htm , | ACE inhibitors ""Dilate"" efferent arteriole. (Instead of "constrict" efferent arteriole) | Major erratum | Duplicate | I think we should stick to the theme of the mnemonic and state "Angiotensin II Constricts Efferent arteriole" since the first part is Prostaglandins Dilate Afferent arteriole. | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | yes--make this change. they dilate efferent. | | | | 01/19/17 5:37 PM | Ahmad Shokry | Megahed | ahmadshokry89@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2233 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | ACE inhibitors do not constrict efferent arterioles. | Major erratum | Duplicate | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | yes--make this change. they dilate efferent. | | | | 01/24/17 1:00 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2234 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-renin-angiotensin-system?source=search_result&search=ace%20inhibitors%20and%20renal%20physiology&selectedTitle=2~150 | Your mnemonic "ACE" states "ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole", however, Angiotensin II constricts the efferent arteriole. An ACE inhibitor would prevent constriction or DILATE the efferent. | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | 01/26/17 10:49 AM | Heath | Mitchell | hmitchell@uams.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2235 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | It is mentioned that "ACE inhibitors constrict Efferent arterioles" while Angiotensin II constricts efferent arteriole. So ACE inhibitors dilate efferent arterioles. | Major erratum | Duplicate | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | yes--make this change. they dilate efferent. | | | | 01/27/17 12:44 AM | Ehsan | Tadayon | sunny.tadayon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2236 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | Mnemonic lists the following: ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent Arteriole (ACE). In the associated diagram, it shows that Angiotensin II constrics the efferent arteriole, and that this is inhibited by ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors would lead to decreased Angiotensin II and decreased constriction of the efferent arteriole (or dilation). I believe the mnemonic should say, "Angiotensin II Constricts Efferent arteriole (ACE)." | Major erratum | Duplicate | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Yes, ACE Inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, and Angiotensin II constricts the efferent arteriole | | | | 01/27/17 3:20 PM | Chase | Westra | westra2@uic.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2237 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-ii-receptor-blockers?source=search_result&search=angiotensin%20converting%20enzyme%20inhibitors%20kidney&selectedTitle=1~150 | On this page in the 2017 edition it states that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arteriole and this is incorrect. Angiotensin II constricts the efferent arterioles and ACE inhibitors prevent angiotensin II from being made therefore preventing the constriction of the efferent arteriole and promoting relaxation of the efferent arterioles. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/31/17 1:18 PM | Aaron | Walker | awalke97@uwo.ca | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2238 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC436666/pdf/jcinvest00145-0181.pdf | "ACE Inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole (ACE)" False. Angiotensin II constricts efferent arterioles, ACE inhibitors inhibit this action. There are two contradicting facts on the same page here, as below the pictures, it states "Angiotensin II preferentially constricts efferent arteriole" | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 01/31/17 3:41 PM | Kyle | Suen | ksuen81@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2239 | 553 | Renal | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Abbreviations and Symbols | It is correct lower on the same page. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | There is an error on page 553 of the 2017 usmle step 1 book. At the top right hand side of the page it says ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole when they actually dilate the efferent arteriole. It correct lower on the page below the picture. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 02/03/17 9:55 PM | Alastair Moody and David Wasiak | Moody and Wasiak | moodyalastair@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2240 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | Contradictory | The mnemonic above states ACE inhibitors constrict efferent while Below the diagram states angiotensin II constricts efferent. | Major erratum | Duplicate | See earlier comment regarding this and the change proposed in it. | | | | 02/12/17 8:30 PM | Anumeet | Tuli | anumeettuli@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2241 | 553 | Renal | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/treatment-ace-inhibitors | ACE inhibitors do not constrict efferent arteriole they decreases constriction mediated by angiotensin 2 | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/02/17 3:57 AM | Raviraj | Gadhvi | gadhvi07@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2242 | 553 | Renal | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | p 553-Top right corner shows mnemonic "ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole (ACE)". However that is not true, since ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole (according to FA and other sources). I would suggest changing it to Angiotensin Constricts Efferent, which also goes with the other mnemonic "Prostaglandins Dilate Afferent". | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/06/17 9:39 PM | Ivan | Bandovic | ivanbandovic@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2243 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | First Aid USMLE Step 1 2017, pg 553 figure | On page 553 under the heading "Filtration" in the second column, the text mentions "ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole (ACE)". In the figure right below it, it says that "Angiotensin II preferentially constricts efferent arteriole" and then it shows that ACE inhibitors inhibit that process. Did the you mean to say that ACE allows for constriction of the efferent arteriole via production of Ang II (ACE converts Ang I to Ang II)? And that ACE inhibitors prevent Ang II production, which would prevent the efferent arterioles from constricting? | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | 03/06/17 10:56 PM | Steve Thanh | Pham | SDPham@atsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2244 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension?source=search_result&search=ace+inhibitors&selectedTitle=5~150#H23991796 | FA 2017 mentions that ACE Inhibitor constricts Efferent arterioles but i think they wanted to write ANGIOTENSIN II constricts efferent arterioles or that ACE inhibitors dilate effernt arterioles | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/14/17 4:32 AM | Shraddha | Pangeni | pangenishraddha@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2245 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | On page 553 on The side it says "ACE inhibitors constrict efferent arteriole" whereas the diagram below says angiotensen 11 constricts efferent arteriole and ACE inhibitors will inhibit this action and dilate the efferent arteriole | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/15/17 4:31 PM | Anum | Nensey | Anum.nensey@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2246 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/421426_4 | ACE inhibitors DO NOT constrict efferent arteriole; they prevent its constriction by inhibiting the formation of the vasoconstrictor, AngII. Therefore, ACE inhibitors cause dilation of efferent arteriole. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/16/17 4:57 PM | Aditi | Bhardwaj | aditib@auamed.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2247 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/ace-inhibitors/art-20047480 | Filtration the mnemonic used is ACE , says ACE inhibitors Constricts Efferents. It actually Inhibits angiotensin II from constricting the efferent. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/25/17 2:34 PM | Raed | Atiyat | Yaboyjoker2@aol.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2248 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | pg. 577 of FA 2017 under ACE inhibitors of Renal Pharm | ACE inhibitors DILATE Efferent arteriole and Angiotensin II CONSTRICTS efferent arteriole ( top right hand corner of page, highlighted in red) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/03/17 11:17 PM | Vyshnavy | Balendra | vyshe11@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2249 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension#H2 | Ace inhibitors Dilate efferent arterioles. (The page says constrict) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/08/17 1:12 AM | Hana | Aslam | dr.hanaaslam@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2250 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | emedicine.medscape.com/article/238158-medication | "ACE inhibitors constrict efferent arteriole" is wrong. They reduce intraglomerular pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-II mediated efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. | Major erratum | Staff rejects | This is corrected already. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/27/17 1:53 PM | Vaishakh | Tharavath | vaishakh4154@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2251 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://patient.info/health/ace-inhibitors | Please see attached screenshot, ACE "inhibitors" do NOT constrict efferent arterioles. Angiotensin II constricts Efferent arterioles, if you substitude "Angiotensin II" instead of "ACE inhibitors", the pnemonic works | Major erratum | Duplicate | Reject - Duplicate. - Majed | | | | 04/29/17 11:47 AM | Mit | Chauhan | mit.chauhan12@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2252 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | ACE Inhibitors don't constrict efferent arteriole; Angiotensin II constricts efferent arteriole, so ACE inhibitors dilate efferent arteriole. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate - Majed | | | | 05/10/17 9:26 PM | Yanling | Dong | yanling.dong@stonybrookmedicine.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2253 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-ii-receptor-blockers?source=search_result&search=side%20effects%20to%20angiotensin%20converting%20enzyme%20inhibitors&selectedTitle=1~150#H1 | There is a mnemonic on the page stating that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arteriole. This is incorrect. ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole. Angiotensin II constricts the efferent arteriole. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate - Majed | | | | 05/11/17 12:42 AM | Sandy | Webb | Sandy_730@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2254 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | Mnemonic | A mnemonic for the correction made that ACE Inhibitors Dilate Efferent would be "ACE Inhibitors Dilate Efferent and 'AIDE' the glomeruli in decreasing GFR". | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Covers little content. -JL | | | | 05/14/17 10:24 PM | Brandon | Fram | bif727@bellsouth.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2255 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension#H2 | The Filtration section states that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arterioles, when they inhibit angiotensin II, which is what actually constricts. Thus, ACE-I decrease efferent vasoconstriction. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/25/17 1:10 PM | Daniela | Granzo | grand5651@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2256 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238158-medication | Correct: ACE inhibitors prevent constriction of the efferent arteriole. Error on top R hand corner above picture which states ACE inhibitors constrict efferent arteriole. It should be Angiotensin II constricts efferent arteriole. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockres (ARBs) reduce intraglomerular pressure by inhibiting angiotensin II ̶ mediated efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/27/17 1:13 AM | Erika | Rullier Cepero | erika.cepero@usat.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2257 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www-uptodate-com.hsl-ezproxy.ucdenver.edu/contents/major-side-effects-of-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-ii-receptor-blockers?source=search_result&search=ace%20inhibitors%20efferent%20arteriole&selectedTitle=1~150 | Top right comments section states "ACE inibitors CONSTRICT efferent arteriole. This is incorrect, ACE inhibitors DIALATE the efferent arteriole. Supporting evidence can be found in the UptoDate link provided. Reference "Reduction in GFR - second paragraph" | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/30/17 7:32 PM | J. Alexander | Torres | jon.a.torres@ucdenver.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2258 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | N/A | ACE inhibitors do not constrict the efferent arteriole. They prevent angiotensin II from constricting the efferent arteriole. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/24/17 3:43 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2259 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | On the same page it shows that Angiotensin II causes Efferent arteriole constriction, so ACE inhibitors should cause dilation. Also https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension#H2 | The "ACE" Mnemonic is wrong. It says that "ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole", while in fact it causes dilation of the Efferent arteriole | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 07/30/17 6:49 AM | Basel | Tamimi | Baselt95@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2260 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Changes in glomerular dynamics | Boards and Beyond videos | afferent arteriole dilation increases: GFR/RPF/FF | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 6:58 PM | Reema | Patel | patelr58@students.rowan.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2261 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension#H21519415 | It currently says "ACE inhibitors constrict efferent arteriole" but that's the action of angiotensin II which is blocked by ACE inhibitors. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 08/30/17 3:20 PM | Chenchen | Feng | cfeng3@tulane.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2262 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2490816 | ACE Inhibitors BLOCK constriction of the efferent arteriole (they don't constrict the efferent arteriole) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 09/03/17 7:37 PM | Anna | Martens | anna.martens@tufts.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2263 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Juxtaglomerular apparatus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4577295/ | on image of the nephron, change "distal renal tubule" to "distal thick ascending loop of Henle" | Major erratum | | | | 09/14/17 2:31 PM | KARANBIR | SINGH | karansingh_21@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2264 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | same page in the picture its written correctly | the mnemonic ACE ace inhibitors constrict efferent arteriole(as written in book) whereas ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 09/24/17 9:27 AM | sherley | chhibber | sherleychhibber@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2265 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www-uptodate-com.libux.utmb.edu/contents/major-side-effects-of-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-ii-receptor-blockers?source=search_result&search=ace%20inhibitors%20and%20renal%20failure&selectedTitle=1~150 | First Aid states that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arteriole, this is not true. ACE inhibitors block the action of angiotensin II and therefore relax the efferent arteriole | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/02/17 12:05 AM | Bianca | Saenz | besaenz@utmb.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2266 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-ii-receptor-blockers?source=search_result&search=ace%20inhibitors%20efferent%20arteriole&selectedTitle=1~150 | Blocking the effect of angiotensin II with an ACE inhibitor will sequentially relax the efferent arteriole, lower intraglomerular pressure, and reduce the GFR. ACEi will not constrict the efferent arteriole as the ACE mnemonic on the page suggests (AT II would though). | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 10/06/17 8:09 PM | Brody | Dawkins | bdawkins22@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2267 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/483506_3 | ACE inhibitors Dilate Efferent arteriole | Major erratum | | | | 10/23/17 11:40 AM | Hanna | Kakish | qaqishhanna@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2268 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8879974 | Angiotensin II preferentially constricts the efferent arteriole, so ACE inhibitors would have the opposite effect, dilating the efferent arteriole. The textbook says "ACE inhibitors constrict efferent arteriole," whereas it should say, "ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole." Unfortunately this ruins the mnemonic. | Major erratum | | | | 10/31/17 6:35 PM | Aditya | Karandikar | akarandikar@mcw.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2269 | 554 | Renal | | | Physiology | Calculation of reabsorption and secretion rate | http://reference.medscape.com/calculator/fractional-excretion-sodium | FEna = (Pcr x Una) / (Ucr x Pna) NOTE: The parentheses are missing in FA and are vital to understand that the divisor is two variables and not just one | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. I think the commenter did not notice how the variables are arranged on each line. To remember the equation I always thought about smaller values in numerator (serum Cr and urine Na = lower) and larger values in denominator (urine Cr and plasma Na = higher)- maybe add some mnemonic-type tip to make memorizing easier? -KS | Reject - I think it's nitpicking and the parenthesis won't change the order of operations anyway. Majed | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/02/17 10:56 PM | Garred | Greenberg | ggreenbe@mail.einstein.yu.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2270 | 554 | Renal | | | Physiology | Calculation of reabsorption and secretion rate | Math | In the formula for Fe_Na, the denominator of the third expression is "GFR(U_Cr x V / P_Cr) x P_Na". If you want to show that GFR = U_Cr x V / P_Cr, why not do: "... / (GFR x P_Na) = ... / ((U_Cr x V / P_Cr) x P_Na)"? This eliminates the confusion from the fact that, in math, variables next to each other are multiplied and functions are followed by arguments in parentheses. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Accept - It is confusing and inaccurate. I assume it’s written that way to explain that FENA = sodium clearance / GFR. We can write it this way. - Majed | Agree - the layout of the equation is confusing. Would eliminate the "UCr x V/PCr" and just have the denominator read "GFR x PNa" OR "CCr x PNa". Pg 552 has the equation for GFR calculation (with inulin) so could be referenced there for calculation. -KS | Okay to separate out write as GFR x PNa, would have another entry showing GFR = UCr x V/PCr. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/22/17 5:25 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2271 | 554 | Renal | | | Physiology | Calculation of reabsorption and secretion rate | None needed | In the equation for FENa, it says "GFR(U_Cr * V/P_Cr)" within the equation. While I understand that you are just rewriting the equation for GFR to remind students, placing it in the middle of an equation like that and formatting it in that way makes it look like you should be multiplying GFR by an equation equivalent to GFR. Very misleading for students not well acquainted with the material. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | accept but duplicate, not sure which one was submitted 1st. Majed | Duplicate. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/03/17 9:00 AM | Michael | Ferm | mikeferm@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2272 | 554 | Renal | | | Physiology | Calculation of reabsorption and secretion rate | N/a | P-crUnch over P-nut. (Pcr x Una) / (Pna x Ucr). P-cr= Pcr Unch= Una P-nut= Pna | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not sure about the yield for memorizing formula. -JL | | | | 06/24/17 3:47 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2273 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723033 | Thin descending loop of Henle is PERMEABLE to Na+. | Major erratum | Verified | Disagree with student, would not make change. Guyton and Hall states: "The descending limb also contains AQP-1 and is highly permeable to water but much less permeable to sodium chloride and urea." Per Dr. Weinstein. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Classically, we think of the descending limb of the loop of Henle as water permeable and Na impermeable; the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is Na permeable but water impermeable. This is the basis of the countercurrent multiplication steps. The reference illustrates it is actually more complex than this-- but the above are the *basics* and the foundation of the concentrating mechanism and is really what the medical student needs to know recall. So would think of the descending limb as the place where water is reabsorbed and NOT where sodium is reabsorbed. I would not make this change since it will have a high likelihood of confusing students! | Reject | | | | 01/22/17 8:14 PM | Jonathan | Li | jcl014@jefferson.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 2274 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | http://m.cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/30/CJN.09750913.full | There's a Mg2+ channel located in distal convoluted tubule apical side and the K+ backleak channel in loop of henle is named ROMK | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject/Expert review - both statements are accurate but not sure if HY or worth adding to an already crowded page. - <5% of Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the DT. -Majed https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455770052000305?scrollTo=%23hl0000437 https://studentconsult.inkling.com/read/physiology-linda-s-costanzo-5th/chapter-6/phosphate-calcium-and-magnesium#619a63e7c27a4f8baed4fd1f66793dac | Disagree. Think this is LY. Didn't see ROMK in question banks or on NBME exams and insignificant proportion in DCT. - KS http://ajprenal.physiology.org/content/239/5/F393 | Reject, low yield. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/26/17 7:42 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2275 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/parathyroid-hormone-secretion-and-action/abstract-text/16164647/pubmed | PTH targets on TRPV5 Ca2+ transporter (on apical side), not Ca 2+ /Na + transporter (on basolaterial side) | Major erratum | Verified | Reject + expert review - provided source (full text link below) briefly describes the molecular mechanism of PTH action in the DT. In short, It upregulates the expression of Ca(2+) transport proteins including TRPV5, calbindin AND Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX1). - I couldn’t find a detailed description of the molecular mechanism of PTH action in the DT (Guyton&Hall, Costanzo, UTD, Mobsy renal physiology, WHITE & PORTERFIELD: Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology ) -Majed http://www.kidney-international.theisn.org/article/S0085-2538(15)51023-5/abstract https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B978032308704900004X?scrollTo=%23hl0000755 -> has a figure but no details within text https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455770052000305?scrollTo=%23hl0000376 | Reject "In renal tubules, PTH receptors are located on the basolateral membrane. " Medical Physiology, Boron, Chapter 52, 1054-1069.e2 Our diagram is identical Boron's Medical physiology and Lippincott's physiology with regards to where the PTH receptor and Na/Ca channel is. 1. https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455743773000367?scrollTo=%23f0100 2. https://books.google.com.au/books?id=vpFoCWvjr6EC&pg=PA348&lpg=PA348&dq=pth+receptor+basolateral&source=bl&ots=rykkd2hRM9&sig=JUSVVmI71W3U2jWCv0jyqbrnZZQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9i5Px8bzTAhULmpQKHWd3CTgQ6AEILjAC#v=onepage&q=pth%20receptor%20basolateral&f=false Jun | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/19/17 6:13 AM | Yuntao | Zou | snowmoonist@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2276 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | n/a | Under the early PCT section it would be helpful to define contraction alkalosis as: Alkalosis in response to contraction (eg. “permitting contraction alkalosis, which is alkalosis in response to volume contraction”). Although FA 2017 is technically correct, its current phrasing may confuse students. Just saying “permitting contraction alkalosis” could be interpreted as AT II leading to both Alkalosis and Contraction, which is not correct –AT II leads to water reabsorption and volume expansion by stimulating the Na/H exchange. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject - Contraction alkalosis is defined on page 576. - I suggest that we add quotation marks here -> “contraction alkalosis” and add page 576 to the index next to contraction alkalosis as it’s not there. - Majed | Needs some work. I suggest either 1. adding a short explanation in page 56, where contraction alkalosis is first used. "... Can present with contraction alkalosis (metabolic alkalosis in response to volume loss) 2. on page 555, revise to (permitting contraction alkalosis in response to volume loss) Contraction alkalosis is first used in page 56, then pages 555, 558. The detailed mechanism is not explained til page 576. Jun | Page 558 states ,"can permit contraction alkalosis." I am okay with changing permitting contraction alkalosis to can permit... As for explaining contraction alkalosis page 56 is not the place where it should be explained, it is okay on page 576 as we index contraction alkalosis (the index entry needs to be updated to include 558, 576) and people can just look it up. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/21/17 12:49 PM | Alec | Krosser | aleckrosser@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2277 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | Page 559 of First Aid 2017 edition | In paragraph related to Early PCT, please add "PTH also convert 25-OH vitamin D 3 to 1,25- (OH) 2 vitamin D 3. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/22/17 12:38 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2278 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | Page 576 of First Aid 2017 edition, Potassium-sparing diuretics | In the figure related to "Collecting tubule", please add "Spironolactone" and "Eplerenone" to the figure, similar to "Amiloride" and "Triamterene" as the drugs that are effective on collecting tubule. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/22/17 1:35 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2279 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | Kaplan and No reference needed | Please "bold" that PCT contains brush border. It is the only part of the tubular system that has a brush border. This was tested by a Kaplan question. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 1:25 PM | Vikrant | Bhatnagar | vb431114@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2280 | 555 | Renal | | | Physiology | Nephron physiology | no link needed | a-intercalated cell = acidic urine; B-intercalated cell = basic urine | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 1:27 PM | Vikrant | Bhatnagar | vb431114@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2281 | 556 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | none needed | LiDdle syndrome = autosomal Dominant | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Doesn't seem necessary. -JL | | | | 01/28/17 12:29 AM | Sabrina | Siddiqui | sabrina.siddiqui@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2282 | 556 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | http://press.endocrine.org/doi/10.1210/endo.142.4.8114 | In 2017 version, there is no mention of the enzyme 11B – Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts cortisol into cortisone. This enzyme is important as deficiency of that enzyme will result in syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (discuss in 2017 book pg. 556). | Clarification to current text | Verified | disagree, in 2017 version, yes, there is indeed mention of that enzyme. -LL | I'm indifferent about this addition. While I do agree it is mentioned in other locations, it is not noted on the diagram. I know above LL stated she was worried about it causing too many words on the current diagram, but I'm not sure it would. I also know the topic is not that LY because I had a real usmle question regarding this topic. I think further advice is needed to decidie if it should be included in the current illustration or not. -Brian B | Renal chapter submission, updating accordingly. -Matt Reject, low yield. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 1:02 PM | Jayul | Tailor | Jayultailor@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2283 | 556 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076016300565; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/apparent-mineralocorticoid-excess-syndromes-including-chronic-licorice-ingestion#H12 | For syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess, the treatment listed is corticosteroids. This treatment still remains controversial, and the more commonly used treatment is maintenance of K+ levels and use of a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, such as spironolactone or eplerenone. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, I suggest Treatment: amiloride or eplerenone-> (down arrow) mineralocorticoid effects. Second-line therapy is corticosteroid https://www.uptodate.com/contents/apparent-mineralocorticoid-excess-syndromes-including-chronic-licorice-ingestion#H12 | Agree with 1st author comment. Medscape recommends spironolactone and the uptodate article discusses it as an option - maybe put "potassium-sparing diuretics" in place of amiloride/eplerenone in 1st author comment to include aldosterone antagonists as tx options? -KS http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/547662_6?pa=tFBxfvf78%2FiORaXCPMj4quXlyKPnzGaLUhoH6n0XHvt6D6PM5cT%2FMHaVPIdvNr0nNFsYxDuz%2Fz2hge3aAwEFsw%3D%3D | Agree to modify to state: "Treatment: K+ sparing diuretics ((dec) mineralocorticoid effects), corticosteroids (exogenous corticosteroids (dec) endogenous cortisol production --> (dec) mineralocorticoid receptor activation)." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | soroushraisbahrami@gmail.com | I agree with both. Corticosteroids are not wrong, however. Can incorporate k-sparing diuretics in addition. | | | 5 | | 02/17/17 2:15 PM | Morgan | Drucker | mpdrucker@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2284 | 556 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | Not Applicable | "Before Great Leaders they were Little Tiny Apprentices": B and L = Bartter presents like Loop diuretic, G and T = Gitelman presents like Thiazide diuretic, L and A = Liddle presents like Aldosterone [used in a similar manner to the ICE TIE mnemonic where the first letter in one part refers to the first letter in another] | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. This is clever and a perfect one-liner for a complex topic. Can add at the end of the section. -JL | | | | 03/22/17 9:42 PM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2285 | 556 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | Not needed. | "FliP BALL 4 GooD LucK." Fanconi=Proximal, Batter=Ascending + Like Loop diuretic use, Gitelman=DCT (disTal=Thiazide like), Liddle=Collecting tubule. The number 4 is to remember that there are four defects that affect the nephron. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Previous mnemonic is better. -JL | | | | 05/15/17 1:11 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2286 | 556 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bartter-and-gitelman-syndromes | Fans Bartter to ("Get a") Little. These are the renal tubule defects in order, while also remembering that Liddle syndrome is a gain of function mutation, because it is what you are trying to "get". | Mnemonic | | | | 10/28/17 11:15 AM | Bryce | Christensen | bchriste@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2287 | 557 | Renal | | | Physiology | Relative concentrations along proximal convoluted tubules | Please look at attached picture | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 01/05/17 10:19 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2288 | 558 | Renal | | | Physiology | Juxtaglomerular apparatus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9435952 | The page states that Macula densa cells increase renin release, whereas past First Aids and PubMed state that Macula Densa cells release ADENOSINE | Major erratum | Duplicate | Vikas sent to Dr. Weinstein on 1/1/17 | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | It is the JG cells of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus that secrete the renin (not the Macula Densa cells). So we would need to correct that... | | | | 12/29/16 1:05 AM | Chris | Chhoun | ckc2qa@virginia.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2289 | 558 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | change highlighted text in attached pic to 'renal afferent arteriole' | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Although It sounds more accurate (since the mechanoreceptors that sense the change in BP are located in the afferent), I suggest that we use “renal perfusion pressure” instead since many textbooks (including Guyton&Hall and Costanzo) use it. - Majed ( https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455770052000275?scrollTo=%23hl0000605, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=NEPH%2F65116&topicKey=NEPH%2F98877&rank=1~150&source=see_link&search=renin%20angiotensin%20aldosterone%20system , https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-renin-angiotensin-system?source=search_result&search=renin%20angiotensin%20aldosterone%20system&selectedTitle=1~150#H7496176, ), Physiology by Costanzo 5 e, page 162 | Worth considering changing renal arterial pressure to renal perfusion pressure on page 558, under the section on renin. References 1. BRS Physiology 2. Medical Physiology, Chapter 40, 836-849.e2 Jun | Okay to change to "renal perfusion pressure." -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/05/17 10:23 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2290 | 558 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | None | Aldosterone makes you Save Sodium and Pee Potassium | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept (marginally). Bit basic, but can see how this would be helpful in a test-taking environment. Maybe take a second look with the chapter authors? -JL | | | | 03/28/17 3:42 PM | Anthony | Naquin | naquinanthony@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2291 | 558 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-renin-angiotensin-system | Macula densa cells respond mainly to Chloride than sodium. So the text in "Renin" must read decreased Cl- delivery to macula densa cells | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 08/08/17 12:11 AM | Trilok | Shrivastava | trilokshrivastava@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2292 | 560 | Renal | | | Physiology | Features of renal disorders | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/246650-workup#c1 | SIADH is by definition a euvolemic hyponatremia so blood pressure would be within normal ranges, not increased. | Minor erratum | Verified | We already have -/Inc and this was discussed last year. We are correct. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Many classic texts and tables place SIADH as a euvolemic etiology of hyponatremia. However it can also be hypervolemic--- if SIADH is well managed it is a euvolemic state, but when there is free water overload there can also be hypervolemia. So elevated blood pressure can be a presenting finding (though often it's not present as well). So with the above context in mind, I'll defer to the authors and editors on whether they want to clarify the above (it could say "sometimes there can be elevated blood pressure" or something to that effect), remove the blood pressure, or leave it as is. I'd be in favor of leaving it in in some fashion, as it is evident in clinical practice regularly enough. | Reject | | | | 01/21/17 7:36 PM | Ben | Aziz | ibracadabra932@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2293 | 560 | Renal | | | Physiology | Features of renal disorders | N/A | To include in this table the syndrome of apparent mineralocoirticoid excess too (as is not included) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed. Relevant to add to table - would add in between Liddle and SIADH to keep the order from pg 556 OR could place in same line with Liddle Syndrome since arrows/values would be the same. -KS | Accept - I'm in favor of adding to the same row as Liddle -Majed | Agree per KS. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 3:12 PM | Laura I | Mendez Morente | laura_mendez8@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2294 | 560 | Renal | | | Physiology | Features of renal disorders | FAS1 - 2017, p.556. Liddle syndrome description. | In Liddle syndrome, decreased aldosterone is marked red as a primary disturbance. It should not be red. Decreased aldosterone in Liddle syndrome is due to low renin which is due to high BP. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Accept - The issue is the key not the arrow. There is a note on Annotate from 2015 that says the red arrows signify the most important differentiating features and not the primary disturbance as the key says now. The key wasn’t there in the 2016 edition. -We should either delete the key or modify it. - Majed | Agree with Majed - would change key to important differentiating features rather than primary disturbance. -KS | Agree to change primary disturbance to "important differentiating feature." -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 1:00 PM | Vasily | Ovechko | vasilyovechko@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2295 | 560 | Renal | | | Physiology | Features of renal disorders | not needed | The primary disturbance of liddle syndrome is not hypoaldosterone, since plasma renin is low. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate, not sure which one was submitted first - Majed | Duplicate - KS | Duplicate. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/28/17 7:40 AM | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2296 | 560 | Renal | | | Physiology | Electrolyte disturbances | USMLE step 1 page 369 | Add ileus at K low serum concentration | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 12:12 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2297 | 560 | Renal | | | Physiology | Vitamin/mineral absorption | Referenced from Physiology BRS 6th Ed. Chapter 5 page 167. | In electrolyte disturbance wrongly says that when having a low serum concentration of MG2+ You will get HIPOCALCEMIA. In this case what the patient going to have is HYPERCALCEMIA. Since in the thick ascending limb Mg an Ca compete for absorption. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 07/08/17 5:00 PM | Manuel | Torres | esmanueltorres@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2298 | 561 | Renal | | | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | None | "Bufer line" should be "buffer line." | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject - it is buffer in annotate. - Majed | Reject, must have been addressed. Jun | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 1:16 PM | Taylor | Maney | TLManey@aol.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2299 | 561 | Renal | | | Physiology | Acid-base physiology | Mnemonic | 1st letter of each word spells Kusmaile (since you get Kussmauls breathing in DKA and other AGMAs): Ketoacidosis, Uremia, Salicylates, Methanol (formic acid), Acetaminophen, Iron or INH, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Mnemonic's a little complicated. -JL | | | | 04/18/17 6:16 PM | David E. | Ruckle | druckle@llu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2300 | 561 | Renal | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://www.primededucation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ROME-Method-for-Acid-Base-Imbalance.pdf | for acidosis/alkalosis: use ROME Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal (C02 increases, pH decrease leading to resp acidosis and vice versa. HCO3 increases pH increases leading to metabolic alkalosis vice versa) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not sure if it makes the concepts/physiology principles easier to understand. -JL | | | | 05/10/17 4:38 PM | carl | provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2301 | 561 | Renal | | | Physiology | Acid-base physiology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmol_gap | To calculate Osmolality "2 salts and a sticky BUN" 2[Na] + [Glucose] + [BUN] | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject (marginal). This concept not covered in FA 2017. Also, not sure about utility over anion gap. I like the semi-story however. -JL | | | | 07/07/17 12:36 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman Neander | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2302 | 562 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular acidosis | - | Distal (type 1): Only "1" of the renal tubular acidosises have a pH > 5.5 | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not sure if HY enough to warrant. -JL | | | | 01/24/17 1:26 PM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2303 | 562 | Renal | | | Physiology | Renal tubular acidosis | FA 2017 | Under "Hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis (type 4)", "TMP/SMX" is listed as a cause. Everywhere else in the book, it is referred to as "TMP-SMX" with a hyphen, not slash (eg. pg. 194) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree with change. - KS | Reject - both are acceptable. -Majed https://www.uptodate.com/contents/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-co-trimoxazole-drug-information?source=search_result&search=tmp%20smx&selectedTitle=1~150 | Agree, change to TMP-SMX. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 3:30 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2304 | 562 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal tubular acidosis | None | Renal Tubular acidosis | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/23/17 2:36 PM | Rugvedita | Parakh | rugpara@uw.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2305 | 562 | Renal | | | Pathology | Casts in urine | http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/bladdertamm.html | Casts are made primarily from Tamm-Horsfall protein that is secreted by renal tubular cells | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 1:34 PM | Vikrant | Bhatnagar | vb431114@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2306 | 562 | Renal | | | Pathology | Casts in urine | Fundamentals of pathology, Hussain A. Sattar, 2017. Page: 132 | Waxy casts in urine may also be seen in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. This fact can be added to the already listed causes: End-stage renal disease/chronic renal failure. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/03/17 12:48 PM | Amin | Azem | amin.alqruity@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2307 | 563 | Renal | | | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | N/A | At Nephritic Syndrome, organize the causes to form the word "MARIA" with the initials Eg, 1st Membranoproliferative..., 2nd Acute..., 3th Rapidly..., 4th IGA..., 5th Alport..., and bold the initial letters | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Moving away from letters based. Problem with this one is 'MARIA' has little relation with the underlying concepts and require additional memorization. -JL | | | | 05/25/17 12:19 PM | Josefina | Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2308 | 564 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | First Aid 2017 | rapidly proCRESCENT glomerulonephritis (histological hallmark), alFOURt syndrome (type 4 collagen defect), diffUPUS GN (association with SLE) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Bit of a stretch. Too complicated. -JL | | | | 02/10/17 4:46 AM | Zachary | Mostel | zack.mostel@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2309 | 564 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | none | "PHAROH" = proteinuria, hematuria, azotemia, RBC casts, oliguria, hypertension | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Important/HY info, but the mnemonic has little to do with the actual syndrome. -JL | | | | 03/05/17 1:43 PM | Thanh | Huynh | ThanhHuynhC@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2310 | 564 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | FA 2017 | Reorder the list of nephritic syndromes so that "Diffuse proliferative" & "Membranoproliferative" are adjacent to reinforce their similarities (subendothelial deposits, combined neprotic-nephritic) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Would also place both at end of nephritic list so closer to nephrotic page after. -KS | | | | 03/08/17 3:43 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2311 | 564 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Pathoma | IgA nephropathy can have episodic gross or microscopic hematuria, not just gross as the book describes | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Would change "episodic gross hematuria" to "episodic hematuria" as it can be either microscopic (30-40%) or macroscopic (40-50%) at presentation per UpToDate. -KS https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-iga-nephropathy https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114248 | Accept - Agree with KS. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-iga-nephropathy#H4 | Sure, "Episodic hematuria..." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | In the IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) row, replace “Episodic gross hematuria” with “Episodic hematuria.” | | 10 | | 03/23/17 12:51 AM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2312 | 564 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/240457-overview | The list in RPGN is missing Churg-Strauss syndrome, which is a small vessel vasculitis, pauci-immune, pANCA+. Notice how all the small vessel vasculitides can lead to RPGN, with the exception of Henoch-Schonlein purpura that leads to IgA nephropathy | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree, not the most high-yield cause. "majority of patients with renal-limited vasculitis are ANCA positive, and many have or will develop the systemic symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)" -UpToDate Not listed as one of the causes for RPGN on Rapid Review Pathology either. Jun | | | | 04/30/17 1:36 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2313 | 564 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | mnemonic... c-anca in other parts of book, but this was where p-anca mnemonic was | *c*-anca vs. proteinase *3* - *c* is *3*rd letter ( | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/12/17 11:02 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2314 | 565 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/16/5/1392.full#sec-2 | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II - intramembranous deposits composed of C3 on EM | Clarification to current text | Verified | Worth considering: Type II-also called dense deposit disease due to diffuse intramembranous deposits. However, I'm not certain if it's worth adding an image here (not in RR pathology). 1. Rapid review pathology Jun | | | | 04/30/17 8:58 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2315 | 565 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Robbins Basic Pathology 9th edition Page 527, http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/RENAHTML/RENAL160.html# | The light microscopy findings of both types of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) are similar. These findings include GBM thickening, mesangial cell proliferation, lobular appearance of glomerulus and tram-track appearance (GBM splitting by the extensions of the mesangial cells). Note that the tram-track appearance is more evident with PAS or silver stains. These common findings should be written in a single paragraph above the two types of MPGN | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/30/17 9:36 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2316 | 565 | Renal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | Goljan pathology | alport syndrome most common cause is x linked recessive and in first aid 2017 it is mentioned x linked dominant | Major erratum | Verified | Needs review, suggest changing to either X-linked, or X-linked recessive. RR pathology states X-linked recessive is the most common. However, other textbooks and UpToDate states it's X-linked, without being specific. [1-4] The common description is that "All affected male patients progress to renal failure, whereas in most female patients the course is considered to be benign." [5] which is suggestive of x-linked recessive. 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/genetics-pathogenesis-and-pathology-of-hereditary-nephritis-alport-syndrome?source=search_result&search=alport%20syndrome&selectedTitle=2~37#H4 2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Chapter 20, 897-957 3. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, 44, 1421-1433.e4 4. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, Chapter 48, 565-578 5. http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/11/4/649.full#sec-11 Jun | Reject. OMIM and other reliable genetic resources state X-linked dominant https://www.omim.org/entry/301050 | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/02/17 4:06 AM | KULSAJAN | BHATIA | kulsajan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2317 | 565 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238260-overview#a1 | Editing something for alport syndrome, on page 565 at the right column for alport syndrome on the first line it is written "Eye problems (eg, retinopathy, lens dislocation)", so it is not lens dislocation it is (anterior lenticonus) which is something different, i even got a question on that and both choices where there, i hope you fix it it is something high yield !! | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/10/17 8:56 PM | Ibrahim | Sabri | Ib.sabri@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2318 | 565 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/alport-syndrome#inheritance | For Alport syndrome change "Most commonly X-linked dominant" to "Most commonly X-linked recessive" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/18/17 5:06 PM | Rochelle | Harmon | rharmon112@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2319 | 565 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Robbins Basic Pathology, Goljan Rapid review, Boards and beyond review. | Type II dense deposit disease - it is stated that C3 nephritic factor is an IgG antibody that stabilizes C3 convertase? the phrasing is not clear, but the real problem is that this "IgG" characteristic of the C3 nephritic factor is not mentioned in most major resources. Additionally, one of the main differentiating factors of type II vs. type I MPGN is the fact that IgG is absent from immunofluorescence in type II. This should be clarified, or just delete IgG from the type II description altogether, as it may be confusing. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/27/17 6:41 PM | Elliot | Dano | edano@iu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2320 | 566 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068142 | "Most common cause of 1° nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults" to "Most common cause of 2° nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults." 1° is idiopathic m | Clarification to current text | Verified | Too new to be considerd erratum, not really clear what the full text of this is. Would leave as is for now, marked as clarification and potentially discuss during crowdsourcing. | Disagreement/need expert | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | The erratum comment gets cutoff, so I'm not sure what they are recommending. Most cases of what we once called Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy is now known to be secondary to an auto-antibody. But the kidney is the organ that is primarily impacted so I'd still consider this a primary kidney condition or primary cause of nephrotic syndrome. This is still relatively newly identified and so the nomenclature may still be evolving... | Accept | | In column 3 of the membranous nephropathy row, delete “Most common cause of 1° nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults.” | | 5 | | 01/04/17 11:12 PM | Jay | Patl | drjayjpatelmd@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2321 | 566 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-nephrotic-syndrome-beyond-the-basics | Membranous nephropathy used to be the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome. Now the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults is Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Major erratum | Verified | Reject - No error + duplicate. According to UTD, overall FSGS has become the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults mainly due to increased prevalence among black and hispanic patients but MN is still the most common cause in Caucasian adults. - Majed https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-and-diagnosis-of-membranous-nephropathy/abstract/3-5 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-and-diagnosis-of-membranous-nephropathy?source=see_link§ionName=PATHOLOGY&anchor=H3#H2 | Reject, according to major textbooks membranous nephropathy is still the most common. https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455748365000321?scrollTo=%23hl0000889 Jun | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/27/17 9:06 AM | Mehmood | Cheema | mcheema0314@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2322 | 566 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | mnemonc by me | Membranous glomerulnephritis ---- Tony PLAIR (UK former minister)has pencil with Gold cap ...mnemonic for antibody responsible for disease in PLAIR(PLA II R) antibody --and drugs causing it PEN(PENICILLAMINE),Gold and CAP(Captopril) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept (marginal). At first, this looked a little weird, but gets better on subsequent read throughs. Considering how 'fact heavy' the text is on p 566, this story mnemonic may be a welcome add-on. -JL | | | | 03/11/17 3:05 AM | Asmaa | Ibrahim | asmaa.scu@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2323 | 566 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-nephrotic-syndrome-beyond-the-basics | Membranous nephropathy used to be the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome. Now the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults is Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Accept - According to UTD, overall FSGS is the MCC of nephrotic syndrome in adults -Majed https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-classification-and-pathogenesis-of-focal-segmental-glomerulosclerosis?source=see_link#H5530119 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-heavy-proteinuria-and-the-nephrotic-syndrome?source=see_link§ionName=ETIOLOGY&anchor=H2#H2 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-and-diagnosis-of-membranous-nephropathy?source=see_link§ionName=PATHOLOGY&anchor=H3#H2 | Reject, according to major textbooks membranous nephropathy is still the most common. https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455748365000321?scrollTo=%23hl0000889 Jun | Okay this get's posted every year, with both answers having their supporters - kind of annoying. I would recommend this change: "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy are the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults." http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/1115/p1129.html "Membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) each account for about one third of cases of primary nephrotic syndrome; however, FSGS is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/29/17 12:08 PM | Mehmood | Cheema | mcheema0314@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2324 | 566 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | Goljan rapid review pathology 4th edition pg513 | Nonenzymatic glycosylation of efferent arteriole precedes nonenzymatic glycosylation of afferent arteriole | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 04/29/17 3:59 PM | Spyridon | Zouridis | spzourds@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2325 | 566 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | not needed | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis secondary to- Heroine, Hiv, Massive obesity, Sickle cell anemia, Interferon treatment, Chronic kidney disease--HMS IC--Harvard Medical School I See (C) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 8:35 AM | Bharat | Rawlley | bharat_m_all@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2326 | 567 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Cystinuria | N/a - no new facts | Cystinuria leads to cystine ROCKs in the urine - change the mnemonic for the amino acids affected to ROCK: [R] Arginine, [O] Ornithine, [C] Cystine, [K] Lysine. This mnemonic is better because it both fits into the context of the disease (rocks = kidney stones) and also uses the standard 1 letter abbreviations for the amino acids instead of the first letter of the AA | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/18/17 8:50 AM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2327 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773379 | In FA 2017 it says that cystine stones are RADIOLUCENT, but it should say RADIOPAQUE | Minor erratum | Verified | Partially agree, change to "Faintly radiopaque." -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Yes, this was something we discussed at one point in the past. Cystine stones are radiolucent compared to calcium stones and often are hard to see or not seen on KUB or less often CT scans. That said they do have some opaqueness and are often seen on CTs and occasionally seen on KUB. So we should probably find a wording to indicate that they are less radio-opaque than calcium stones and sometimes can be seen, sometimes not seen. | *UROLOGY Herman Bagga | Agree, should be radiopaque | Accept | | Under X-ray findings for Cystine stones, change "Radiolucent" to "Faintly Radiopaque." | | 10 | | 01/10/17 3:26 PM | Angel Joel | Diaz Martinez | Angel.diaz12@upr.edu | | | ||||||
| 2328 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773379 | Cystine kidney stones are RADIOPAQUE, not Radiolucent. Why? Because of their "higher physical density and their higher effective atomic number" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Partially agree, change to "Faintly radiopaque." -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | Yes, this was something we discussed at one point in the past. Cystine stones are radiolucent compared to calcium stones and often are hard to see or not seen on KUB or less often CT scans. That said they do have some opaqueness and are often seen on CTs and occasionally seen on KUB. So we should probably find a wording to indicate that they are less radio-opaque than calcium stones and sometimes can be seen, sometimes not seen. | *UROLOGY Herman Bagga | Agree, should be radiopaque | Accept | | Under X-ray findings for Cystine stones, change "Radiolucent" to "Faintly Radiopaque." | | | 01/15/17 11:50 AM | Haidang | Nguyen | icewave667@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 2329 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | this is a mnemonic, does not state new information, just an easy way to remember it. | Those that precipitate in alkaline environments (more pH) all have pH in their names (calcium pHospHate, ammonium magnesium pHospHate) Those that precipitate in acidic environments (less pH) do not contain any pH in the name (calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine) Crystals in urine: the calcium (Ca++) crystal contains a + inside | Mnemonic | Verified | Accepted. I'll be using this one for myself, lol. -JL | | | | 01/23/17 4:15 PM | Daniel | Sherwood | danieljswood@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2330 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | - | "X" in calcium oXalate is like the X shape seen in the urine crystals they form | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Bit of a narrow fact for mnemonic. -JL | | | | 01/24/17 10:40 AM | Avi | Bursky-Tammam | abt248@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2331 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777061/ | Hypocitraturia often associated with INCREASED urine pH | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree with both expert reviewers that we are okay as we state "often associated." -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | *RENAL Adam Weinstein | of course hypocitraturia can occur with an increased urine pH, but more often it is associated with a low urine pH. When the kidney is acidifying the urine (low urine pH) it will also be reabsorbing bases and base equivalents (like citrate). So the normal renal response would be in settings of urine acidification to have a low urine citrate. There are definitely pathologic states (like some cited in the article referenced) where this does not take place and there is a low urine citrate with a high urine pH. But that's not the norm so I think the 2017 edition states it correctly--- it's *OFTEN* with a decreased urine pH. | *UROLOGY Herman Bagga | This is ok as it is, hypocitraturia is often associated with decreased urinary pH - although this is not an absolute truth, it is the more common association with regards to these two variables. | Reject | | | | 01/25/17 3:46 PM | Fasil | Mathews | fam30@pitt.edu | | | ||||||||
| 2332 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | This info is already in the book! Just a handy mnemonic. :-) | You currently have the "radiolUcent" mnemonic to remember that uric acid stones are radiolucent. The mnemonic I use is "With radiolUCent stones U C (you see) nothing" – referring to U(ric acid) and C(ystine) stones. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Bit of a long mnemonic. Uric acid = lucent is more of a 'need to memorize' as it shows up more on stone-related questions. Cysteine stones usually a/w questions stems with patients having weird/genetic metabolic disorders from childhood as the giveaway. -JL | | | | 01/29/17 11:49 AM | Caleb | McEntire | crm2200@columbia.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2333 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | FAS1 - 2017, p.567 | pHospHate - a lot of "pH" in the word phosphate. Phosphate stones (struvite stones and calcium phosphate stones) precipitate when there is a lot of pH (when pH is high). Letters "pH" in the word pHospHate should be red. All other kidney stones (calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine) precipitate with low pH. Isn't it a great mnemonic? | Mnemonic | Verified | Consolidate w/ suggestion in row 626. Pretty much the same one. -JL | | | | 03/16/17 8:49 AM | Vasily | Ovechko | vasilyovechko@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2334 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773379 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cystine-stones | The cystine stones are in the majority of cases radiopaque, due to its pure cystine concentration. They may be sometimes be radiolucent depending on their calcium concentration. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Reject - Duplicate. -Majed | Reject - duplicate | Reject, duplicate. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/23/17 11:03 AM | Angelica | Matteo | angm7658@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2335 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | http://www.patientcareonline.com/articles/renal-colic, http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1162653 | The pain in urinary tract obstruction by a kidney stone is usually constant and not colicky. The term renal colic is a misnomer | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/06/17 6:34 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2336 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2518455/ | The following text would be useful if it was added to this section "The fundamental cause for all stones is supersaturation of urine with respect to the stone components; factors affecting solubility include urine volume, pH, and total solute excretion". Also add the term nephrolithiasis under the kidney stone text, as you have previously done in the gallstones section of pg 379 (has the synonymous term cholelithiasis beneath it) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/06/17 7:25 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2337 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risk-factors-for-calcium-stones-in-adults | Calcium stones: hypocitraturia is a risk factor for the development of both types of calcium stones. Hyperoxaluria is a distinct risk factor for calcium oxalate, while alkaline pH is a distinct factor for calcium phosphate. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/06/17 8:50 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2338 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437096-overview?pa=HjQeu8uB5tA%2BzEmks4m%2BFthxmBcC4J5kicNxtvTlqHNFXXNuUhkOVOM1qsT5WkCmLCEJNCrbkqLWYvqLrhntWA%3D%3D#a5 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risk-factors-for-calcium-stones-in-adults?source=search_result&search=calcium%20oxalate%20stones&selectedTitle=2~102 | (idiopathic) Hypercalciuria is the most common metabolic abnormality causing renal stones. This can be due to any or all of three causes: "absorptive hypercalciuria", "resorptive hypercalciuria", "renal hypercalciuria". Also hypocitraturia precipitate both types of Calcium oxalate and Calcium phosphate stones. It is rather hyperoxaluria contributing specifically to Calcium oxalate. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/24/17 6:03 PM | Sadjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2339 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | First Aid Index | The entry for "rasburicase" in the index at the top of page 762 routes to this page, but the drug is not listed here. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/28/17 4:26 PM | Sami | Hashmi | sami.hashmi@northwestern.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2340 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | No link needed | Under Calcium please underline or bold "ph" of Calcium phosphate and then underline or bold "pH" where it says increased pH. This way we can gain an association tool that Calcium phosphate has inc. pH. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 1:39 PM | Vikrant | Bhatnagar | vb431114@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2341 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | no reference needed | in struvite stones there is a good mnemonic to remember them (AMP) A for Ammonium, M for magnesium, P for phosphate. and you can highlight the letters with RED and (AMP) in RED as well. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/18/17 5:56 AM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2342 | 567 | Renal | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | N/a - all facts already in the the Uric Acid row of the kidney stones table | The words Uric acid can be used as a mnemonic for uric acid stones: radiol[U]cent xray, [R]homboid or [R]ossette shaped, [I]ncreased [C]ell turnover (association), [A]cidic pH (risk factor), arid [C]limate (risk factor) >[I]ncrease pH to treatment, [D]ecreased urine volume (risk factor) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/18/17 8:45 AM | Jake | Schutzman | jake.schutzman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2343 | 568 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal cell carcinoma | FA2017 | Paraneoplastic syndromes for renal cell carcinoma. You have a "PEAR" of kidneys. P=PTHrP, E=EPO, A=ACTH, R=renin | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject (maybe). Not sure this warrants a mnemonic. Renal mass, EPO, Renin, PTH/ACTH all have some physiological ties to the kidneys. -JL | | | | 03/19/17 1:16 AM | Rebecca D. | Chou | rebchou@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2344 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) | Check pic | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 01/05/17 10:50 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2345 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) | Not needed | For Beckwith-Wiedemann, think of a "Wide man" (muscular hemihypertrophy) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not making the connection. -JL | | | | 02/11/17 9:35 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2346 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876320/ | Under treatment for stress incontinence, it would be helpful to clarify what pessaries are/their use in those with pelvic organ prolapse. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree. Would not explain what pessaries are (students can easily google and see diagram vs taking up more space) - do think relation to pelvic organ prolapse is relevant. Would change "pessaries." to "pessaries (pelvic organ prolapse)." -KS | Reject - low yield -Majed | Reject, clients can just look up pessaries. This delves more into Step 2. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/11/17 9:43 AM | Zack | Cohen | zackco91@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2347 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) | None | For Beckwith-Wideman syndrome: beckWIDTH-WIDEemann, Way 2 big (for organomegaly and WT2 deletion) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not making the connection. -JL | | | | 03/04/17 12:15 AM | Kathleen | Zuniga | kathleen.zuniga@my.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2348 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder | First Aid 2017 | Risk fators for SCC of the bladder all start with "S": Schistosoma, (S)ystitis, Smoking, Stones (chronic nephrolithiasis) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject (maybe). It's a clever one. Tho tbh, exclusively testing on bladder SCC not that HY. Honestly probably better to learn: chronic irritation (causes?) --> squamous metaplasia/cancer. -JL | | | | 03/04/17 12:28 AM | Kathleen | Zuniga | kathleen.zuniga@my.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2349 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | FIRST AID BOOK | BeckWIDTH-WIDEman Syndrome- OrganoMEGALY, MACROglossia | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Narrow scope, not sure if adds anything new. -JL | | | | 05/26/17 1:37 PM | Gaurav | Mohan | gaurav.wacko@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2350 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614684 | where it says intrinsic sphincter deficiency, should add that external urethral sphincter is most commonly the sphincter that is dysfunctional in stress incontinence | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/27/17 1:30 PM | Megan | Masten | meganmas@umich.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2351 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272549/ | Replace male pseudohermaphroditism with 46,XY DSD (correct new nomenclature since 2012) | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 06/15/17 9:06 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2352 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) | not needed | Denys Drash has pseudohermaphroditism can be remembered has The Penys (Penis) Crash in Denys Drash | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 8:39 AM | Bharat | Rawlley | bharat_m_all@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2353 | 569 | Renal | | | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | not needed | Causes of urinary incontinence - SUMO - Stress, Urgency, Mixed and Overflow Incontinence | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 8:43 AM | Bharat | Rawlley | bharat_m_all@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2354 | 570 | Renal | | | Pathology | Urinary tract infection (acute bacterial cystitis) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5027397/#sec1-1title | The Fact name is wrong. Urinary tract infection is a term that encompasses both cystitis & pyelonephritis. It is not solely used for acute bacterial cystitis | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/05/17 1:49 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2355 | 570 | Renal | | | Pathology | Diffuse cortical necrosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635367/ | The correct fact name is renal cortical necrosis (RCN), not diffuse cortical necrosis | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/07/17 3:43 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2356 | 570 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | 22q11 deletion syndromes | I am just using the info given in first aid to make a mnemonic | Mnemonic for DiGeorge syndrome: catch 22 (Ca-T-Ch 22); where the first "Ca" refers to low calcium levels; the "T" refers to Thymic aplasia (and T-cell deficiency); the final "C" refers to cardiac defects; and the "22" refers to the fact that the mutation is on chromosome 22. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept (conditional). Actually on page 588. Sums up the sequelae quite nicely, but would like to see failure of 3rd and 4th arches incorporated. Also, not exactly the most story based. -JL | | | | 02/17/17 11:36 AM | Jay (Riley) | Argue | riley2021@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2357 | 570 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial pouch derivatives | FA 2016, P. 563, under neural crest dervatives, Kaplan 2014 anatomy book, P. 317 | Parafollicular C cells are NOT derivative of the 4th pharngeal pouch | Major erratum | Duplicate | See the verified response (line 6) Erika P | Disagree. I have the 2015 Kaplan book, which states on page 317, table III-6-2 that the Ultimobranchial body (parafollicular C cells) are derived from the 4th pharyngeal pouch. In addition, other sources I references, as well as Dr. Stanard's reference states the same. Would not recomend this change. -VV http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview?pa=40kthqkS7VuCQBA1j3Gq%2BpSiZgv3XHbu%2FbjS%2FJ4lPeynaGmq4pIZsWI6crdqOwQbcFrqow%2Bf2%2F37XuRaZT6JAA%3D%3D#a3 http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/thyroidembryology.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid | Reject, this is discussed in earlier entry on SS, and rejected by expert. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/27/17 12:01 PM | Hind | Al-Lami | hsbhind@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2358 | 571 | Renal | | | Pathology | Consequences of renal failure | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-hyperprolactinemia | Addition of "Increased Prolactin Secretion" to the consequences of renal failure, due to reduced prolactin elemination | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree *although would consider placing causes of hyperprolactinemia on pg 316 under the "Prolactin" section - hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, chest wall injury. -KS https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116414 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-hyperprolactinemia | Accept - we can add “Hyperprolactinemia” next to hyperkalemia so that it doesn’t ruin the mnemonic. It’s also mentioned on page 316 at the bottom of the figure. - Majed https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sexual-dysfunction-in-uremic-men?source=see_link§ionName=Prolactin&anchor=H8#H8 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/reproductive-and-sexual-dysfunction-in-uremic-women?source=see_link§ionName=Prolactin%20and%20galactorrhea&anchor=H4#H4 | Okay to add per Majed. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/11/17 11:27 AM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2359 | 571 | Renal | | | Pathology | Consequences of renal failure | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-hyperprolactinemia | Addition of "Increased serum prolactin", due to impaired renal elimination | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject - Duplicate. -Majed | This is true but I'm not sure if it's high-yield. It's not mentioned in either Goljan or BRS Physiology. Suggest accepting for now and consider later during crowdproofing. Jun | Duplicate, reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/11/17 6:04 PM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2360 | 571 | Renal | | | Pathology | Acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) | Goljan Rapid Review Pathology 4th Edition page 517, Pathoma page 126 | The findings in postrenal azotemia can lead to confusion the way they are presented. In the early (not mild) phase of postrenal azotemia, UOsm, UrineNa, FENa & Serum BUN/Cr are similar to prerenal azotemia (renal tubule function is NORMAL). Long standing obstruction though leads these values to become more similar to those seen in intrinsic renal failure because the renal tubule starts to dysfunction. **Also in the same topic, urea is reabsorbed, not BUN** | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject 1st part and accept the 2nd: 1st part - mild is more accurate and almost synonymous with early in this context. 2nd part - I suggest that we accept this as a minor erratum. BUN is the lab technique by which blood urea level is measured. It measures the nitrogen component of urea. I suggest that we change it to urea in the following 3 sentences: “ Na+/H2O and BUN retained by kidney in an attempt to conserve volume”, “(BUN is reabsorbed, creatinine is not)”, “BUN reabsorption is impaired” -Majed http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1069§ionid=60777613 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305/ | I agree with Majed 1st part - early/mild and late/severe should be left alone. That part of the table actually was something that confused me during renal. Could add to postrenal azotemia paragraph: "Prolonged obstruction --> tubular damage --> labs resemble intrinsic renal failure." If renal tubule function is intact then urea reabsorption is inversely proportional to GFR - not sure if this would be something to add for better understanding. Agree with Majed's 2nd suggestion for sentence changes of BUN to urea. -KS Referenced Goljan. | Agree to work this up on Annotate., only the 2nd part. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/23/17 3:31 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2361 | 571 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal tubular defects | None | Effects of increased BUN mnemonic: Nitrogen Always Puts Pressure on-the-brain (Nausea, Asterixis, Pericarditis, Platelet dysfunction, encephalitis) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Requires additional memorization. Some relevance to original concepts, but not entiredly (e.g. pericarditis, platelet dysfunction). -JL | | | | 06/02/17 1:13 PM | Patrick | Coughlin | patcoughlin@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2362 | 571 | Renal | | | Pathology | Acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnTR_y3Sf-k | In postrenal azotemia, the FENa should be >1% for mild and >2% for severe. The text has mild incorrectly as <1%. This makes logical sense since FENa increases in postrenal azotemia due to inability to reabsorb sodium. It wouldn't make sense to have <1% FENa. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 09/22/17 1:58 AM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2363 | 572 | Renal | | | Pathology | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Not needed | "Mycoplasma" in the acute interstitial nephritis section is not caplitalized and italicized as it should be as a genus name.. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Only partially correct; Mycoplasma (singular and capitalized) is the genus, but mycoplasmas (pleural and no italics) is a fair use.--edu | | | | 01/02/17 8:02 PM | Laurel | Mast | mastl@ohsu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2364 | 572 | Renal | | | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | n/a | In "Acute kidney injury" (pg. 571) "FENa" is written with a subscript "Na". In "Acute tubular necrosis" (pg. 572) "FENa" is not written with a subscript "Na". | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. | | | | 02/11/17 6:15 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2365 | 572 | Renal | | | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087860/#S1title | Most susceptible parts of the renal tubule to ischemia = proximal straight tubule (PST) & thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Most susceptible part of the renal tubule to nephrotoxins = both PCT & PST. Also refer to page 206 of FA2017. **Clarification: proximal tubule has 3 segments, S1, S2 & S3. S1 & S2 are the PCT, S3 is the PST** | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Would change "PCT is particularly susceptible to injury." to "Proximal tubules is particularly susceptible to injury." to include both straight and convoluted proximal tubules. - KAS | Agree, I suggest changing to (straight segment of proximal tubule and thick ascending limb are highly susceptible to injury) Jun | Agree to work this up in Annotate, I like the simplification of KAS's proposal: "Proximal tubules are particularly susceptible to injury." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/25/17 4:53 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2366 | 572 | Renal | | | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919808/ | The clinical phases of ATN are 4; initiation phase, extension phase, maintenance phase & recovery phase | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree wih changing. In Robbins, 3 phases are described as per our text. Although UpToDate describes 4 phases, I don't think this is high-yield for exam. [2] 2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-and-etiology-of-ischemic-acute-tubular-necrosis?source=search_result&search=atn&selectedTitle=2~150#H2 Jun | Reject per author comment. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/26/17 11:35 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2367 | 572 | Renal | | | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | None | Amateur radiologists give contrast to injury laden kidneys. Amateur=Aminoglycosides, radiologists=radiocontrast dye, give=ethylene Glycol, contrast=cisplatin, injury=elevated myoglobin after injury, laden=lead, kidneys= to remember it's a renal mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too complex of a mnemonic. Little messy. -JL | | | | 07/03/17 6:22 AM | Clare | Edwards | Cledwards@augusta.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2368 | 573 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal cyst disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autosomal-recessive-polycystic-kidney-disease-in-children | Figure B shows enlarged kidneys in an adult for ARPKD. While it is true that the kidneys are enlarged in ARPKD, it usually presents in childhood; figure B is more likely showing ADPKD. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject - the age of presentation is mentioned in the text and the findings (enlarged kidney, cysts) are clearly shown in the image. Moreover, the diagnosis in infancy is usually made by US. - ⅓ of cases actually present after the age of 20 ( https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autosomal-recessive-polycystic-kidney-disease-in-children#H8 , https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autosomal-recessive-polycystic-kidney-disease-in-children/abstract/29 ) - Majed | Disagree. The current image is a good representation of enlarged cystic kidneys and think students would ID this image if showed up on exam. Agree with Majed that the text is sufficient to explain age most commonly presented for ARPKD. Could consider adding presentation most commonly adults for ADPKD? -KS https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116105/Autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease-ADPKD | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/26/17 12:56 PM | Noah | Richardson | nhrichardson11@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2369 | 573 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal cyst disorders | Pathoma | Change "inherited" for Medullary cystic disease to autosomal dominant | Minor erratum | Verified | Accept change - Medullary cystic kidney disease is AKA autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease per UpToDate. -KS http://www.uptodate.com/contents/autosomal-dominant-tubulointerstitial-kidney-disease-medullary-cystic-kidney-disease | I suggest that we remove “inherited” and change the fact name to “Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (medullary cystic kidney disease): - “Because the presence of cysts is neither an early nor a typical diagnostic feature of the disease, and because at least 4 different gene mutations may give rise to the condition, the name autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) has been proposed, to be appended with the underlying genetic variant for a particular individual.” -wikipedia - both names can appear on the exam -Majed https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738250 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autosomal-dominant-tubulointerstitial-kidney-disease-medullary-cystic-kidney-disease | I'm not too familiar with this and our entry seems correct, but would bring expert in on this to comment. Why is this change recommended? Majed I don't understand why you want to change the title of the entry? | Disagreement/need expert | | Not errata worthy | | | 03/21/17 10:48 PM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2370 | 573 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal cyst disorders | N/A | The two most common associated mutations with ADPKD are on chromosome 16 (PDK1) and chromosome 4 (PDK2). A good way to remember this is 16^1 = 16, and 4^2 = 16, similar to the mnemonic used to remember which MHCs go with which t-cells. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Seems a little too narrow content-wise. -JL | | | | 03/25/17 4:58 PM | Corrie | Hays | corrie-hays@ouhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2371 | 573 | Renal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_dominant_polycystic_kidney_disease | with the Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney please add that the manifestations appear in adult (vs Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney) | Clarification to current text | | | | 10/18/17 1:32 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2372 | 575 | Renal | | | Pharmacology | Loop diuretics | None | I'd be FURious if my BUM TORe. (to remember the 3 loop diuretics) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. It funny, but doesn't cover all loops. And I'd just memorize the ones with the -ide. -JL | | | | 03/30/17 10:55 AM | Anthony | Naquin | naquinanthony@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2373 | 576 | Renal | | | Pharmacology | Potassium-sparing diuretics | not needed | TAN by the SEA Triamterene and Amiloride inhibit Na channels Spironolactone and Eplerenone inhibit Aldosterone receptor | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Pretty busy/lots of work for a simple mnemonic. -JL | | | | 03/15/17 5:40 PM | Jackson | Bell | jacksonbell10@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2374 | 576 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.openanesthesia.org/ace-inhibitors-mechanism-of-action/ | In first aid: "ACE inhibitors Constrict Efferent arteriole (ACE)" In actuality: "Angiotensin II Constricts Efferent arteriole (ACE)" | Minor erratum | | | | 10/30/17 12:47 PM | Derek | Tan | derek.tan@med.uvm.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2375 | 576 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Seminiferous tubules | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/male-reproductive-physiology?source=search_result&search=male%20reproductive%20physiology&selectedTitle=1~17 | Sertoli Cells = Mom of the testis - feeds, provides a barrier, transports sperm etc. (mom has to do all the parenting/has to multitask). Leydig Cells = Dad of the testis - Produce testosterone (dad just a supporting role in parenting [spermatogenesis], just has one job --> make son manly). Additionally, moms eventually go through menopause and get hot flashes, i.e. they are temperature sensitive (sertoli cells are temperature sensitive) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. 1) very long 'mnemonic' lengthwise, making it difficult to digest. 2) Not sure how appropriate this one is for a general audience. Especially considering some medical students are mothers, this may not come off as the best separating 'Mom' roles and 'Dad' roles. 3) Also, it been hammered in that Sertoli = nurse, which also serves a similar purpose as 'mom' in this mnemonic. -JL | | | | 02/21/17 4:18 AM | Justin | Shortell | shortell@hawaii.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2376 | 577 | Renal | | | Pharmacology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746982/ | ACEIs decrease intraglomerular pressure slowing the progression of mesangial expansion, and not GBM thickening. Also refer to page 566 of FA. GBM thickening is caused by nonenzymatic glycosylation and it's not associated with intraglomerular pressure | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. Mesangial expansion is induced directly by hyperglycemia. From UTD:" Hyperglycemia may directly induce mesangial expansion and injury, perhaps in part via increased matrix production or glycation of matrix proteins. " "The association between these hemodynamic and structural changes and the development of diabetic nephropathy may be related both to intraglomerular hypertension (which drives the hyperfiltration) and to glomerular hypertrophy (which also increases wall stress). Therapy aimed at reversing these changes...may slow the rate of progression of the renal disease." - Majed https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-diabetic-nephropathy?source=related_link#H1 | Reject, agree with Majed. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/29/17 3:56 PM | Spyridon | Zouridis | spzourds@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2377 | 577 | Renal | | | Pharmacology | Aliskiren | None needed | Aliskiren-in (underline or bold ren-in) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/04/17 1:49 PM | Vikrant | Bhatnagar | vb431114@ohio.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2378 | 580 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Early fetal development | http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/zy/vert_embryo/html/PloidyandMeiosis.html | At fertilization, the embryo is a combination of a 1N1C egg and a 1N1C sperm, and is thus 2N2C rather than 2N4C as shown. It would be 2N4C only during mitosis. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Immediately after fertilization, zygote is 2n2c. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286741400662X Erika P | Agree. The zygote becomes 2N4C only after the first round of mitosis. Immediately following fertilization, it should be 2N2C. -VV | Agree with change to 2N2C. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | Not errata worthy | | | 02/21/17 8:18 PM | Ronald | Weir | rweir@uchicago.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 2379 | 580 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Early fetal development | Even page 596 of First Aid 2017 shows the proper progression of ploidy and number of chromatids | The secondary oocyte in the diagram is labeled as "1N2C" when it should really be "1N1C" for the number of chromatids/DNA copies | Major erratum | Verified | Agree. Secondary oocyte is 1N1C. Should change Erika P | Disagree. Secondary oocytes are arrested in meiosis II, specifically metaphase II, so it would be 1N2C. The oocyte then undergoes the remainder of oogenesis after fertilization to become 1N1C. Additionally, this is also stated correctly on page 596 as pointed out by the client. Would not recommend this change. -VV https://datbootcamp.com/biology-strategy/chromosome-and-chromatid-numbers-during-mitosis-and-meiosis/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455708475000108?scrollTo=%23hl0000486 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455711376000015?scrollTo=%23hl0001095 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323313377000028?scrollTo=%23f0035 | Agree with VV, reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/15/17 8:20 AM | Carly | Porat | schoolaccnt@live.ca | | | |||||||||||
| 2380 | 580 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Important genes of embryogenesis | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-prenatal-diagnosis-obstetrical-management-and-recurrence-of-orofacial-clefts?source=machineLearning&search=Sonic+hedgehog+gene&selectedTitle=1~13§ionRank=1&anchor=H8#H8 | think Sonic ran from his base to the frontlines and back. (Sonic hedgehog gene is made at base, patterns front to back) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accepted. Cute. Story based. -JL | | | | 05/03/17 11:41 PM | Sean | Lee | slee34@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2381 | 580 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Neural development | http://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-19-week-3-of-development-the-notochord-neural-tube-and-allantois | Neuropores close in week 4 (pore and 4 rhyme) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This doesn't really seem HY. Rest of FA 2017 doesn't cover this much detail -JL | | | | 05/07/17 10:56 AM | Austen | Smith | as812015@ohio.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2382 | 580 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | First Aid 2017 | FGF gene: "look at that Fetus, Growing Fingers" (FGF stimulation of underlying mesoderm leads to lengthening of limbs) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I like it, and won't forget it. Story elements in there. -JL | | | | 05/28/17 5:37 AM | Noa | Rippel | noa.rippel@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2383 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | First aid 2017 page 312 | parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid is from Endoderm NOT Neural crest | Minor erratum | Verified | Parafollicular C cells are classically referred to be originating from the neural crest. Although some evidence suggests additional origins (endoderm). Perhaps we can add "(also endoderm)" in the text, but I would feel comfortable leaving the table as is. We should also put this comment in the endocrine chapter excel sheet to get more input from authors. - Jesse Source: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview | Multiple sources state that the neural crest is the origin of the parafollicular C- cells. There are a few sources that state endoderm may be the origin - http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/20/3519. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/thyroidhistology.html, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.24377/full, goo.gl/1zE0w6 This source here: http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783319225418-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1532375-p177637277 "The human thyroid gland contains less than 0.01–0.1 % calcitonin producing and secreting C cells, which in men are almost exclusively situated in an intrafollicular location; the vast majority of C cells are embryologically derived of remnants of the ultimobranchial body and ultimately of the neural crest, a small subset, however, is presumed to originate from endodermal stem cells." I would go with this source and the one above: goo.gl/1zE0w6 In the 3rd column of Endoderm add line that states: "Parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid may be endodermal or neural crest in origin." Remove parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid from Neural crest line. Would also ensure that this change is reflected in endocrinology. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Sheena Stanard | Fac Rev (SS): Based on my research, the parafollicular C cells originate from the neuroectoderm/neural crest. The references I am using are often used by medical students; thus, I would keep the table as is and not introduce the idea that the parafollicular cells arise from the endoderm. From Schwartz's Principles of Surgery textbook: "The thyroid gland arises as an outpouching of the primitive foregut around the third week of gestation. It originates at the base of the tongue at the foramen cecum. Endoderm cells in the floor of the pharyngeal anlage thicken to form the medial thyroid anlage (Fig. 38-1) that descends in the neck anterior to structures that form the hyoid bone and larynx. During its descent, the anlage remains connected to the foramen cecum via an epithelial-lined tube known as the thyroglossal duct. The epithelial cells making up the anlage give rise to the thyroid follicular cells. The paired lateral anlages originate from the fourth branchial pouch and fuse with the median anlage at approximately the fifth week of gestation. The lateral anlages are neuroectodermal in origin (ultimobranchial bodies) and provide the calcitonin producing parafollicular or C cells, which thus come to lie in the superoposterior region of the gland. Thyroid follicles are initially apparent by 8 weeks, and colloid formation begins by the eleventh week of gestation." From Bailey's Head and Neck Surgery: Otolaryngology textbook: SURGICAL ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY The thyroid gland originates from both primitive pharyngeal and the neural crest cells. It is the first endocrine gland to develop in the human body. The medial portion of the gland derives from the endodermal diverticulum of the first and second pharyngeal pouches at the foramen cecum. It then descends to its pretracheal position along the midline neck during 4 to 7 weeks of gestation, and the proximal portion degenerates into a fibrous stalk. If any of these portions persists, a thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) may result. The distal portion gives rise to the pyramidal lobe. The lateral portion of the gland derives from the fourth and fifth pharyngeal pouches, which descend to fuse with the medial portion of the gland. Parafollicular C cells originate from the ectoderm neural crest cells as the ultimobranchial body, which secretes calcitonin. In mammals, the ultimobranchial body and medial portion of the fourth pharyngeal fuse into the lateral lobes of the thyroid. Because of this, the majority of C cells are located deep within the upper one-third of the lateral lobe, the most common location for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). | Reject | | Expert determined to keep as is. We can discuss this on annotate. | | | 01/23/17 3:26 AM | Yuntao | Zou | njuzouyuntao@qq.com | | | ||||||||
| 2384 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | Not needed | In Agenesis and Aplasia, the organ is Absent (Bold the letter A in each word). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too basic. -JL | | | | 02/15/17 7:13 PM | Jake | Gibbons | jagibbs07@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2385 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | Mnemonic | To remember that PNS structures derived from neural crest: Pizza CRuST(CREST) | Mnemonic | Verified | Rejected. Bit of stretch. -JL | | | | 02/18/17 10:14 AM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2386 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | None | May consider revising the sentence "Notochord induces ectoderm to form neuroectoderm (neural plate). Is only postnatal derivative..." On initial read, it is unclear whether the postnatal derivative (nucleus pulposus) is in reference to the notochord, ectoderm, or neuroectoderm. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | "Notochord induces ectoderm to form neuroectoderm (neural plate), and becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk." Erika P | Agree with wording proposed by Erika. -VV | "Notochord induces ectoderm to form neuroectoderm (neural plate); the notochord's only postnatal derivative is the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/21/17 6:31 PM | Miles | Maassen | milesmaassen@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2387 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/20/3519 | Parafollucular cells are listed as derived from "Neural crest" but recent research has confirmed that they are derived from "Endoderm." In the endocrine section parafollicular cells are correctly listed as derived from endoderm (p312) but they are listed as neural crest derivatives in the reproductive section (p581). Please clarify. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/02/17 9:58 PM | Peter | Boucas | pboucas99@midwestern.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2388 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Calcitonin | wikipedia | parafollicular cell is derived from endoderm not from neural crest | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/04/17 9:15 AM | Niraj | kushwaha | niraj4u2015@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2389 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | None needed (1st column was corrected from 2016 edition, but 3rd column was not) | In the row for "Neural tube" change 3rd column from "Neuroectoderm—think CNS." to "Neural tube—think CNS." | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 03/05/17 2:48 PM | Andrew | Lelchuk | AL1639@nova.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2390 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview#a3 | Parafollicular cells (C cells) along with the thyroid are derived from the 4th branchial pouch which is formed from the endoderm. The parafollicular cells initially develops from endoderm and are later invaded by neural crest cells. Therefore I believe a note of clarification should be made for C cell development from both endoderm and neural crest. The newly published errata for page 312 should also note C cells are of endoderm with neural crest invasion | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | see verified line 6 response Erika P | Per Dr. Stanard's sources as above, would not recommend this change. -VV | | | | 04/03/17 12:52 PM | Michael P. | Lee | Leemp@evms.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2391 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/20/3519 | There appears to be contradiction between Parafollicular (C) cells embryological derivation. On page 581 it is stated that the source is neural crest; however, on page 312 the derivation is stated as endoderm. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | See the verified response (line 6) Erika P | Very good point! We should also change the wording on page 312 to reflect the change made in the reproductive chapter. Yash, I'll include an annotation on page 312 once you approve. -VV | Agree VV. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/07/17 9:23 AM | John | Marinelli | marinelli.john@mayo.edu | | | ||||||||||
| 2392 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | Boards and Beyond, and Neurology chapter of First Aid | Add to the embryologic derivatives of the mesoderm Dura Mater, Microglia, and Cartilage of the airway. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/29/17 4:42 PM | Keishla | Garcia | keishlagarcia@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2393 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893914-overview | Endocardial Cushions do not originate from the neural crest cells. They originate from the mesoderm (mesenchyme) {same as heart}. Has major clinical implications in cardiac pathology as endocardial cushion defects(ASD + VSD + Valvular defects) & neural crest migration defects (Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of Great Arteries & Persistent Truncus Arteriousus) are two different clinical presentations/manifestations. | Major erratum | | | | 10/20/17 11:39 AM | Karthick | Manohar | karthickm75@yahoo.in | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2394 | 581 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631767/ | On page 581 it states that parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid are derived from the neural crest cells of the ectoderm; whereas, in actuality they are derived from the endoderm (4th pharyngeal pouch). This fact is correctly cited (and thus contradictory) on page 312. | Major erratum | | | | 10/25/17 1:12 PM | Lee | Seifer | lseif002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2395 | 582 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Teratogens | N/A | Lithium: LiTRIum, TRIcuspid valve displacement (Ebstein anomaly) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accepted. Easy and sticks. -JL | | | | 03/06/17 2:22 PM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2396 | 585 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Umbilical cord | N/A | Under "patent urachus" section, the "u" in "urine" and in "umbilicus" are bolded, to help you remember that they are associated with the urachus (which also begins with a "u"). The "u" in "urachus" should also be bolded. | Mnemonic | Verified | Accepted. Reasonable. -JL | | | | 03/06/17 3:13 PM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2397 | 585 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/194776-overview | The captions for vitelline fistula and meckel's diverticulum should be switched with each other. The FA2017 description for a meckel diverticulum is a "partial closure of the vitelline duct..." and the vitelline fistula is "vitelline duct fails to close...". HOWEVER, the picture assigned to the vitelline fistula caption shows a partially closed vitelline duct, whereas the picture assigned to the meckels diverticulum caption shows a patent vitelline duct. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 08/25/17 2:19 AM | Ranuka | Sinniah | sinniahr@msu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2398 | 586 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial pouch derivatives | First Aid Discrepancy | Branchial Pouches are derived from endoderm, but the 4th pouch (page 588) gives rise to the Parafollicular C cells of thyroid, which are Neural crest derived (page 581) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | See the verified response (line 6) Erika P | Good point. For consistency, we need to modify the fact on page 586 to reflect the changes. Please replace "Branchial pouches--derived from endoderm." with "Branchial pouches--derived from endoderm and neural crest (parafollicular C cells)." Also, please modify the mnemonic so it reads "Pouches = endoderm+neural crest" -VV | I would state it as: "Branchial pouches--derived from endoderm (parafollicular C cells are neural crest derivatives)" | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/18/17 12:45 AM | Matthew | Spano | matthew.a.spano@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2399 | 586 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial arch derivatives | Boards and Beyond, and First Aid page 581 | In the middle of the page, under Branchial (pharyngeal) apparatus: Branchial arches,-derived from mesoderm (muscles, arteries) and neural crest (bones, cartilage). *Specify that cranial bones are derived from neural crest (no general bones), add cranial nerves, and correct cartilage in the parentesis because they are derivate from mesoderm no from neural crest. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/29/17 4:28 PM | Keishla | Garcia | keishlagarcia@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2400 | 586 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial cleft derivatives | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774901/ | Branchial cleft cysts are mobile. This was in NBME 13 and should be corrected in FA | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 07/09/17 2:01 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2401 | 587 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial arch derivatives | Myself | To go along with the theme of "S's" in the 2nd arch, highlight and bold the "S" in Cranial Nerve Seven, PoSterior Belly of Digastric (as opposed to anterior digastric which is in the 1st arch), and leSSer horn of hyoid (as opposed to greater horn which is in the 3rd arch) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too cluttered. Tho someone else want to chime in? -JL | | | | 02/08/17 3:21 PM | Timothy | Nguyen | tnguye28@tulane.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2402 | 587 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial arch derivatives | n/a | The "S" association is very strong; in addition, you can bold the S in "S"econd arch. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Same as above. -JL | | | | 02/10/17 4:23 PM | Chelsea | Powell | cpowell3@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2403 | 587 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial arch derivatives | n/a | Two additions to the "M" theme: te*M*poralis (as is done on p. 447) and tensor ty*M*pani. Although weaker than words like "Masseter," they are still effective because the M sound is not duplicated in any of the other arch derivatives. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Same as above. -JL | | | | 02/10/17 4:40 PM | Chelsea | Powell | cpowell3@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2404 | 587 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial arch derivatives | https://web.duke.edu/anatomy/embryology/craniofacial/craniofacial.html | Update page from my last submission. Page 587 is missing 'tensor veli palatini' under the derivatives of the first branchial arch | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed - added note in annotate this muscle should be included Erika P | Agree with Erika. -VV http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1289057-overview https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_arch | Agree. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 02/12/17 2:15 PM | Adiel | Aizenberg | adiel.aiz@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2405 | 587 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial arch derivatives | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/946143-clinical | Under Treacher Collins syndrome, it should mention that there is also conductive hearing loss (due to loss of the incus, malleus, and stapes). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/14/17 6:29 PM | Anita | Mathew | anitar.mathew@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2406 | 587 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial arch derivatives | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1873373-overview?pa=ZInHQuGqujo7ZmnM19wiwmJMYHDcNBq7SassxNLM4NgiP21K8LjS9fPIzO9xn4vWJyGvMX%2Fu%2BWdIXoARf%2FT0zw%3D%3D#a2 | In page 587, below the table of "Branchial arch derivatives", In the first line of footnotes, In the parenthesis, please add also V 1 branch of trigeminal nerve as the the sensory only branch of trigeminal nerve in addition to V 2. Based on several evidences only V 3 branch is both motor and sensory. So you should change the sentence to "(except V 1 and V 2 , which are sensory only)". | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 5:01 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2407 | 588 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Cleft lip and cleft palate | Credit for image, if approved: Anup Chalise | Add pic provided for cleft lip | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not entirely sure what is meant here with this suggestion. Did the author submit a picture? I don't think there is a need for another picture for the cleft lip/palate (already has 2) Erika P | Would defer to Illustration team whether an additional image is needed. -VV | No image needed. Diagram is good. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/13/17 9:57 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2408 | 588 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Branchial pouch derivatives | http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343%2870%2980079-1/abstract, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435076/ | Parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid are not derived from the 4th branchial pouch. They are of neural crest (mesoderm) origin and associate with the ultimobranchial body, which is derived from the 4th branchial pouch (endoderm). | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | see line 6 verified response Erika P | Per the sources I referenced above, as well as Dr. Stanard's response, parafollicular cells originate from the ultimobranchial body, which is indeed derived from the 4th branchial pouch. Would not recommend this change. -VV | | | | 03/31/17 4:40 PM | Arthur | Broadstock | atbroadstock@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2409 | 589 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Genital embryology | not needed, mentioned on the same page | In the figure on right side,it is mentioned as testis- developing factor, i think , it has to be " testis-determining factor". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Yes, in the image on the right side of the page, change "Testis development factor" to Testis-determining factor. Not an erratum as it is correctly written in text. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Sheena Stanard | Fac Rev (SS): In the literature (i.e. Smith &Tanagho's General Urology textbook), SRY is known as the testis-determining factor. Just need to "testis developing factor" in the image on the right side of the page to "testis-determining factor." | | Change "Testis development factor" to "Testis-determining factor." | | 5 | | 12/26/16 12:26 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 2410 | 589 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Genital embryology | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959810, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15317892, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905353, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/WNT4#sourcesforpage | The ovary is not a necessarily a default condition that develops in the absence of TDF; it basically needs a genetic predisposition of the WNT4 gene, which induces the development of the ovary in the presence of an X chromosome. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think this goes too far in depth regarding embryogenesis, and is not necessary to revise the current text. Erika P | Would not recommend this addition. This would be beyond the scope of what is tested on Step 1. -VV | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/21/17 3:18 PM | Benjamin Rojas | Soosiah | r.soosiah@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2411 | 589 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Genital embryology | Facts not changed as they are found in the current FA addition, only a useful/effective mnemonic. | Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct develops into: 3 U's- Uterine tubes, Uterus, Upper vagina. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Uterine tubes not exactly the anatomically correct term. May introduce clutter/confusion. -JL | | | | 02/08/17 11:38 AM | Alexander | Rodriguez | rodriguez.alexj@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2412 | 589 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Genital embryology | pg. 589 of First Aid 2017 | Males begin life saying SRY in utero (SRY gene for testes) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accepted. I used a similar SRY-males type of mnemonic too during my study period. -JL | | | | 03/01/17 8:55 PM | Christian | Smith | crs1990@uab.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2413 | 589 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Genital embryology | http://scientia.wikispaces.com/pelvis+walls+and+floor+-+lecture+notes | In diagram, the vas deferens should go over the ureter, not under (as stated on page 550, "water under the bridge") | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 07/15/17 9:43 PM | Ryan | Din | ryan_din@hms.harvard.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2414 | 591 | Reproductive | | | Embryology | Congenital penile abnormalities | usmle.org/pdfs/usmlecontentoutline.pdf | Epispadius is not in the USMLE content outline, so it can be safely assumed it will not be on the test and can be removed from First Aid. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. On page 23 of the USMLE outline, one of the penile disorders is "circumcisions including complications" and episspadias/hypospadias would both fall into this category. Would not recommend deleting. -VV | Also disagree. I have definitely seen this as high yield material in many review questions, etc. Would not delete. Erika P | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/08/17 7:50 PM | Amram | Averick | AAverick@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2415 | 591 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Lymph drainage | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-staging-of-testicular-germ-cell-tumors?source=search_result&search=testicular%20cancer&selectedTitle=1~150 | The para-aortic nodes drain the Ovaries/Testes. Mnemonic: "Para"-aortic nodes drain a "Pair-a" [of] testes | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/15/17 8:59 PM | Matthew | Donnan | mdonnan7@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2416 | 591 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Gonadal drainage | N/a. I used the information on pages 93 and 591 of First Aid to make the illustrations. | Lymphatic drainage is a highly tested subject on Step 1. I think having illustrations would make memorizing lymphatic drainage much easier. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:02 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2417 | 591 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Lymph drainage | n/a | There are some conflicts between the lymphatic drainage listed on page 93 and the drainage listed on page 591. The drainage on page 591 mentions the external iliac as the source of drainage for the body of the uterus, cervix, and superior bladder, whereas the drainage on 91 does not mention the external iliac at all. Instead, it says the uterus drains to the para-aortic lymph nodes, while the cervix and bladder drain to the internal iliac. Making the two sections consistent with each other would reduce confusion. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/12/17 5:31 PM | Aryeh | Blumenreich | tug56266@temple.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2418 | 592 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Female reproductive anatomy | N/A | The (not labeled) annotation following the cardinal ligament should be formatted differently than that which is applied to the actual ligament described. Gastrocolic [ligament] on 346 uses an alternate, not bolded font to differentiate the anatomical ligament of interest and the additional annotation provided. For consistency, the annotation following Cardinal ligament might benefit from being printed in a similar font. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 06/03/17 10:58 PM | Kathryn Merrill | Linder | kml016@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2419 | 593 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Male reproductive anatomy | n/a | I think it would be beneficial to include an illustration of the urogenital diaphragm, membranous urethra, penile urethra, and prostatic urethra. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:05 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2420 | 594 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Seminiferous tubules | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustentacular_cell | Illiustration; should be "sustentacular cells" instead of "sustenticular" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree - typo should be changed to sustenacular Erika P | Good catch! Please replace "sustenticular" with "sustentacular"-VV | Agree, in image please correct to "sustentacular" cells. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/12/17 11:16 AM | Mikhail | Rassokhin | medchel@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2421 | 594 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Male reproductive anatomy | - | The diagram contains a label of sertoli cell that ends abruptly, not on the cell. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Disagree. The blue cells = sertoli cells are correctly labeled. Erika P | Disagree. Though, it may be of value to emphasize the margins of the sertoli cells as suggested Mehboob in previous years, but would defer to the Illustration team for this change. -VV | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 1:11 AM | Rajat | Dhand | rajatdhand@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2422 | 594 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Seminiferous tubules | None needed | Leydig cells Ley down the(ca) dick; Leydig cells under the influence of LH (both start with 'L') secrete testosterone and produce external male reproductive organs. The(ca)- Leydig cells analogous to theca cells of females. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Inappropriate and confusing. -JL | | | | 03/11/17 6:21 AM | Benjamin | Jacobi | jacobi.benjamin@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2423 | 594 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Seminiferous tubules | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/male-reproductive-physiology | LH stimulates Leydig cells (both start with L), FSH stimulates Sertoli cells (both contain an S in their name) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. I'd be amenable to that. Suggested change: In right-most 'column' of Sertoli cell section put in "FSH simulates Sertoli cells" with S bolded. For Leydig cells (right most column) put in "LH stimulates Leydig cells" with L bolded. -JL | | | | 03/19/17 3:43 PM | Michelle | Trieu | mtrie002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2424 | 594 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Seminiferous tubules | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1949259-overview#a3 | Sertoli cells--Sensitive to temprature Leydig cells also known as Interstitial cells are Insensitive (I in interstitial and Insensitive) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/20/17 8:14 AM | Bharat | Rawlley | bharat_m_all@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2425 | 595 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Estrogen | None | A mneumonic to help remember where the different forms of estrogen are formed: EstraDIol (2-ovaries), EsTrONE (from your tone - fat), EsTRIol (3-umbilical vessels attach to placenta) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Bit of a stretch, may need some work. -JL | | | | 01/07/17 7:24 PM | Sean | Pickthorn | sean.pickthorn@coyotes.usd.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2426 | 595 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Estrogen | Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility By Marc A. Fritz, Leon Speroff - Page 42 | In the graph, change the word estrogen with the word Estradiol (main estrogen secreted from the ovary). Also remove the arrow that shows conversion of estradiol back to estrone, because it is a minor process not worth mentioning (can also lead to confusion) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree - change to estradiol as that is the main form of ovarian estrogen https://www.researchgate.net/figure/261140191_fig1_Two-cell-theory-of-estrogen-production-Luteinizing-hormone-stimulates-the-production-of I would disagree to get rid of the estrone --> estrogen (estradiol) as I think it is important and does not cloud the text/understanding of the image Erika P | Agree. Funny how the two figures are so similar. Possibly fix to bold/highlight "estradiol" in the figure to bring home the point that it is the main estrogen secreted by ovary? -JL | Agree to change to "estradiol" -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | In the illustration, inside the granulosa cell, replace “Estrogen” with “Estradiol.” | | 5 | | 01/08/17 2:09 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2427 | 595 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Estrogen | First Aid 2017 pg 595, 318 | Theca cells make Testosterone precursor (Androstenedione) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I'm not sure this is actually a mnemonic. -JL | | | | 02/03/17 2:52 PM | Nicole | Rainville | nmrainville@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2428 | 595 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Estrogen | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2199029/ | Estrogen inhibits osteoclasts in bone. This is the reason for the increased risk of osteoporosis after Menopaause. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree to add. This is important when considering Osteoporotic risk factors (W>M; postmenopausal women > premenopausal women). Would agree to add a bullet under "Function" Erika P | This is not necessary to add for the simple reason that a more detailed version of this fact is already present on page 434 of the MSK chapter. Would be inclined to not add or make changes here. -VV | Agree, reject here. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/27/17 8:23 AM | Joshua | Radparvar | Joshua.radparvar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2429 | 595 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Progesterone | http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/human_reprod/lectures/prolactin/ | In the progesterone section, I don't think progesterone being "pro-lactation" is appropriate. Since progesterone blocks prolactin receptors and prevents lactation prior to birth, I don't see how progesterone can be pro-lactation. After birth, the decline in progesterone relieves inhibition and permits lactation. | Minor erratum | Verified | I believe they read the text wrong - page reads: progesterone = pro-gestation; prolactin = pro-lactation. No change needed. Erika P | Agree with Erika. Client read the mnemonic wrong. Would not recommend any change. -VV | Reject per authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 5:41 PM | Matthew | Gallitto | matthew.gallitto@icahn.mssm.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2430 | 595 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Estrogen | N/A | to remember FSH works on the granulosa cell and causes estrogen production: Go FiSHing with your granny ester | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept. That is pretty cheeky. Suggestion tho: granny ester --> "Grandma (granulosa) Ester (estrogen)", bolding "Gran" and "Est". -JL | | | | 06/10/17 11:25 AM | Megan | Masten | meganmas@umich.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2431 | 596 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Oogenesis | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.lib.mcw.edu/contents/principles-of-molecular-genetics?source=search_result&search=meiosis&selectedTitle=2~29#H6 | The description of oogenesis (p.596, FA2017) presents an incorrect numbering scheme for chromatids in meiosis. The figure correctly starts with 46 single chromosomes; then in the primary oocyte and secondary oocyte, the numbering scheme is incorrect. There should be 46 chromosomes & 96 chromatids in the primary oocyte because during S phase each chromosome replicated its chromatids: at the start of Meiosis, the cell will have 46 chromosomes/96 chromatids (2N,4C). Then, the secondary oocyte has 23 chromosomes/46 chromatids (1N/2C), and the ovum has 23 chromosomes/23 chromatids (1N,1C). The problem is distinguishing between chromatids and chromosomes. The same incorrect numbering is in p.601 on spermatogenesis. UpToDate had only a short section on meiosis, but the Khan Academy meiosis video or the Campbell Biology textbook (Reece et al.) are good references. | Major erratum | Verified | The nomenclature for chromosomes, chromatids, and DNA can be tricky and many of these illustrations online seem to avoid listing the number of chromatids. I would suggest removing the word "sister" and indicating the total number of "chromatids" as 92 in both primary oocyte and primary spermatocyte to avoid confusion. -Jesse Source: The science of biology; chapter "chromosomes, the cell cycle, and cell division", page 171. | Disagree. Based on the sources I referenced, the numbering scheme is indeed correct. I would actually not be in favor of removing the word "sister" simply because of the implication that there are pairs of chromatids rather than single chromatids as in haploid ovum. Would not recommend any changes. -VV https://datbootcamp.com/biology-strategy/chromosome-and-chromatid-numbers-during-mitosis-and-meiosis/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455708475000108?scrollTo=%23hl0000486 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9781455711376000015?scrollTo=%23hl0001095 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323313377000028?scrollTo=%23f0035 Reece and Campbell | Not sure about these changes, would recommend expert input. -YC | Disagreement/need expert | | | | 02/11/17 12:13 AM | Scott | Sandy | ssandy@mcw.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2432 | 596 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Oogenesis | https://i0.wp.com/www.drelist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Spermatogenesis2.jpg I used this image to aid in drawing my diagram. | I believe this diagram (p 596 in First Aid) is easier to understand when the chromosomes are illustrated. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:21 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2433 | 597 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Menstrual cycle | https://www.usmle-rx.com | Missing definitions for dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and menometrorrhagia | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree - not necessary to add. Erika P | Agree. These definitions were in First Aid 2016, and I did not work on this chapter, so I am not sure about the reasoning behind removing. However, there is a comment on annotate from Dr. Le and Dr. Bhushan that we should reconsider for this year. Would be in favor of adding back, since they could be tested on Step 1. -VV | Definitely agree to add them back as a table below this diagram if the authors want to take a crack at it. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 01/06/17 8:32 AM | Andrei | Callejas | andrei.callejas@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2434 | 597 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Menstrual cycle | Previous version of First Aid, for example page 549 of the 2016 FA | Important definitions of menstrual cycle pathology was omitted from this years edition. Such as Dysmenorrhea, Oligomenorrhea, Polymenorrhea, Metorrhagia, Menorrhagia, Menometrorrhagia. May also be considered physiology. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/06/17 9:20 AM | Shoban | Jayamohan | shoban_2@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2435 | 597 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Menstrual cycle | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/abnormal-uterine-bleeding-in-reproductive-age-women-terminology-and-palm-coein-etiology-classification | NEW SECTION (table): "Abnormal uterine bleeding" 1. Dysmenorrhea -> Pain with menses; often associated with endometriosis 2. Infrequent uterine bleeding (previously oligomenorrhea) -> >38-day cycle 3. Frequent uterine bleeding (previously polymenorrhea) -> <24-day cycle 4. Irregular uterine bleeding -> >7-9 days variation in duration between cycles 6. Heavy uterine bleeding (previously menorrhagia) -> >80mL blood loss 7. Light uterine bleeding -> <5mL blood loss 8. Prolonged uterine bleeding (previously menorrhagia) -> >8 days of menses 9. Intermentrual bleeding (previously metrorrhagia) -> Bleeding between regular cycles | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/20/17 1:56 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2436 | 598 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Human placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin) | http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-5395-9_19#page-1 | Inhibits insulin production | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree- hPL causes peripheral insulin resistance, causing a reactionary increase in insulin production. No change needed. Erika P | Disagree. Per UTD, its main mechanism of action is by causing hyperplasia of the insulin-secreting beta cells, so it does not necessarily inhibit insulin production per se. Would not recommend any changes. -VV https://www.uptodate.com/contents/maternal-endocrine-and-metabolic-adaptation-to-pregnancy?source=search_result&search=chorionic%20human%20chorionic%20somatomammotropin&selectedTitle=1~150 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127547-overview#a3 | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/19/17 3:45 PM | Fasil | Mathews | fam30@pitt.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2437 | 598 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Human placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10776988; https://www-clinicalkey-com.ezproxy.ttuhsc.edu/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323297387000216 | It might be best to specify fetus/mother with regards to how hPL functions. It is not clear here. In the mother hPL acts to stimulate insulin resistance, increased availability of glucose/amino acids to the fetus. In the fetus: hPL acts to stimulate the production of insulin. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agreed. Could add: "Maternal effects: stimulates insulin production, ... etc." Erika P | Entry changed to "Stimulates insulin production; overall (up arrow) insulin resistance. Maternal hypoglycemia from insulin resistance leads to lipolysis, which preserves available glucose and amino acids for the fetus. Gestational diabetes can occur if maternal pancreatic function cannot overcome the insulin resistance." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/04/17 5:11 PM | Zachary | Mortensen | zachary.mortensen@ttuhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2438 | 598 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular non–germ cell tumors | None needed | For Leydig cell tumors, Reinke crystals. A easy phrase is "Leydies love crystals". | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Actually for page 619. While this is an easy, story-based factoid. A) not sure Reinke crystals high yield enough to warrant mnemonic, B) appropriateness for general audience is questionable, and C) NBME question stem more likely to describe 'eosinophillic cytoplasmic inclusions' than to outright say "reinke crystals". -JL | | | | 04/20/17 2:47 PM | Brian | Varughese | varughesebrian@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2439 | 598 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Human placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin) | http://cursoenarm.net/UPTODATE/contents/mobipreview.htm?23/12/23745 | insulin resistant will "RESULT IN" shunting carbohydrate metabolism toward supplying glucose/amino acids to fetus...but in the original text it has mentioned that insulin resistance "DUE TO" shunting carbohydrate metabolism toward..... | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 5:06 PM | Mohammad | Jmasi | mohammad.jmasi2010@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2440 | 598 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Human placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640235/ (mentioned under human chorionic gonadotropin subtitle) | its worth to mention that hPL inhibits gluconeogenesis to preserve amino acids for fetus. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/04/17 5:52 PM | Mohammad | Jmasi | mohammad.jmasi2010@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2441 | 598 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Pregnancy | NA | Embryonic age (stated as gestational age minus 2 weeks) >> must rather be PLUS two weeks since we are referring to “age” rather than “date”. The date of conception which correlates with embryonic age is indeed 2 weeks before, but when referring to the embryonic age itself it should be "plus" 2 weeks. Some students may find this particularly confusing so it should be fixed to “plus” 2 weeks instead of “minus”. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 07/26/17 7:24 AM | M. Marwan | Dabbagh | m.dabbagh@outlook.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2442 | 599 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Apgar score | http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/The-Apgar-Score | The word "labor" should be replaced by "delivery"or 'birth" because APGAR score is used to assess all newborns- including deliveries from planned cesareans (which is not precede by labor) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Change to "birthing process" Erika P | Agree - Tarunpreet D | Agree, change labor to delivery. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Sheena Stanard | Fac Rev (SS): Agree, change the word "labor" to "delivery" | Accept | | Change "labor" to "delivery." | | 5 | | 12/30/16 9:19 AM | Priyesh | Thakurathi | priyeshthakurathi@gmail.com | | | ||||||
| 2443 | 599 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Lactation | First Aid 2017 pg. 595 | Decrease in estrogen after labor would not disinhibit lactation (estrogen stimulates prolactin and thus lactation). Only decrease in progesterone disinhibits lactation. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Should remove "and estrogen" from 1st line. Erika P | I agree that we may need to reword this sentence so that it reads better. However, since both estrogen and progesterone are responsible for lactation, I would recommend rewording as follows: "After labor, the [down] in progesterone and estrogen disinhibits and stimulates lactations, respectively." -VV | Agree with proposed change VV with slight modification: "After parturition, [dec] estrogen and progesterone disinhibits and initiates lactation respectively. -YC Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology: A Clinical Perspective | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | Replace the first sentence with “After parturition and delivery of placenta, rapid ↓ in progesterone disinhibits and initiates lactation.” | | 10 | | 04/03/17 6:27 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2444 | 599 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Lactation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nutritional-composition-of-human-milk-and-preterm-formula-for-the-premature-infant Fact that human breast milk is low in iron mentioned in Pathoma 2016 Edition pg.42. | In describing why breast milk is the ideal nutrition for infants <6 mo old, it is written that "exclusively breastfed infants require Vitamin D supplementation". Although this is true, it should be mentioned that exclusively breastfed infants require iron supplementation as well. From UpToDate - ""For infants receiving human milk, an iron supplement is started after two weeks of age. Infants who are fed formula should be given iron-fortified formula from the onset. Iron intake at a dose of at least 2 mg/kg per day, via supplements or fortified formula, should be continued through the first year of life."" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We can change it to iron supplementation (although this is implemented @ 4mo) versus vit D supplementation, which is started immediately after deliver. Erika P | Agree. Would recommend rewording as follows, "Exclusively breastfed infants require vitamin D and iron supplementation." -VV https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Vitamin-Iron-Supplements.aspx | Let's tamper these recommendations slightly, it is highly recommended but not a necessity. "Guidelines recommend exclusively breastfed infants get vitamin D and possibly iron supplementation." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/05/17 4:24 PM | Shiv U. | Patel | shivpatel93@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2445 | 601 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Spermatogenesis | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436829-workup?pa=gT%2FH90rLD2iMQjgJmDzmV%2F6EHQQ5t5dTRRWkceYwCLuem3GGX6sh%2BHb6oSlLsXNrkBsw7LreCqyPOW%2BDCKnLJxnufUHqTh%2BHZ74CAs3Xjvs%3D | Under the diagram of mature spermatozoon, the label "middle piece" should be "mid piece" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Change to "Mid Piece" Erika P | The sources I referenced use both "middle piece" and "mid piece." I'm okay with either term. -VV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon | A quick google image diagram search shows either is acceptable. I am more inclined to leave as is, it seems more professional. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/15/17 4:24 PM | Michael Pei-Yu | Lee | mplee512@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2446 | 601 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Spermatogenesis | First Aid | I think adding drawings of the chromosomes helps make this material easier to understand. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:11 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2447 | 602 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Tanner stages of sexual development | https://www-uptodate-com.libux.utmb.edu/contents/normal-puberty?source=search_result&search=tanner%20stages&selectedTitle=1~89#H334357397 | The ages for tanner staging are actually earlier than the ages mentioned in the FA chart. "The mean ages for the onset of breast development were 8.87 years in African-American girls and 9.96 years in white girls, and the mean age for pubic hair growth was 8.78 years in African American girls and 10.51 years in white girls." Thus the age for Tanner stage II (girls) should be adjusted to range from age 8-10.5. This is also seen in NBME 16 as well. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 5:25 PM | Chi-Tam | Nguyen | paulnguyener@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2448 | 602 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Tanner stages of sexual development | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty?source=search_result&search=tanner%20stage&selectedTitle=1~89 | The ages for tanner staging are actually earlier than the ages mentioned in the FA chart. "The mean ages for the onset of breast development were 8.87 years in African-American girls and 9.96 years in white girls, and the mean age for pubic hair growth was 8.78 years in African American girls and 10.51 years in white girls." Thus the age for Tanner stage II (girls) should be adjusted to range from age 8-10.5. This is also seen in NBME 16 as well. (resubmitted for uptodate reference link correction) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 05/09/17 5:31 PM | Chi-Tam | Nguyen | paulnguyener@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2449 | 603 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Sex chromosome disorders | You can't see the kidney from the outside of the body | On the explanation of Turner syndrome, the picture labeled B is both shield chest and horseshoe kidney. Horseshoe kidney should not be marked as B, as you can't see the horseshoe kidney from the outside. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Remove [B] from after 'shield chest' and Leave the [B] after 'horseshoe kidney' so it references that entire description of Turner's. Erika Parisi | Defer to the illustration team for this change. -VV | Do not defer to illustration team. Remove [B] after horseshoe kidney and leave as is for shield chest. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate | Reject | | | | 02/27/17 2:39 AM | Eitan | Fleischman | fleische@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 2450 | 603 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Sex chromosome disorders | N/A | Under Turner syndrome, there is a "B" after "horseshoe kidney" referring to image "B," however image "B" is of a "shield chest," not of a horseshoe kidney. The "B" mistakenly appears twice in the paragraph, once after "shield chest" (correct) and again after "horseshoe kidney" (incorrect). | Spelling/formatting | Verified | See line 29 Erika P | Defer to the illustration team for this change. -VV | Already made suggestion to change. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/09/17 9:41 AM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2451 | 603 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Sex chromosome disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23020909 | The following mnemonic can be used to remember the association with Turner Syndrome. "Turner syndrome SHOCKS." S= SHOX gene deletion, H= Heart (coarctation, bicuspid aortic valve), O= Ovarian dysgenesis, C= Cystic hygroma and webbed neck, K= Kidney (Horsehoe), S= Short stature, Shield chest | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Heavy Acroymn (tho clever). SHXO gene feels a little LY. -JL | | | | 05/08/17 1:03 PM | Cameron | Bubar | cbubar@une.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2452 | 603 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Sex chromosome disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=turners+syndrome&x=0&y=0 | To remember the chromosomal abnormality associated with syndrome and presenting symptoms. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/19/17 3:10 PM | Alex | Lynch | aalynch10@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2453 | 604 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Diagnosing disorders of sex hormones | N/A | Third entry under diagnosis: should say hypergonadotropic instead of hypogonadotrophic, "h" is not needed | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. | | | | 02/13/17 3:01 AM | Nodari | Maisuradze | maisuradze.nodo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2454 | 604 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Androgen insensitivity syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-disorders-of-the-androgen-receptor | Add mode of inheritance (X-linked recessive). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/15/17 9:49 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2455 | 605 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Hydatidiform mole | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hydatidiform-mole-epidemiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=hydatidiform%20mole&selectedTitle=2~40 | 46XX Complete mole is much more common than 46XY. Usually a sperm with Y chromosome entering an enucleated ovum duplicates and give rise to YY, not XY. So the contribution of XY is usually by dispermic fertilization and this accounts for 20% of complete moles. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 06/05/17 10:54 PM | Kian Leong | Goh | kianleonggoh@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2456 | 606 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Pregnancy complications | N/A | In placenta previa, a "preview" of the placenta is visible through the cervix | Mnemonic | Verified | Accepted. Cute and story-ish. -JL | | | | 03/02/17 3:21 AM | Michelle | Koh | michelle_koh@brown.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2457 | 607 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-muscular-torticollis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis | Torticolis: Torticollis refers to lateral twisting of the neck that causes the head to tilt to one side with the chin turned to the opposite side, limited passive range of motion of the neck, and palpable tightening or thickening of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM). It commonly results from muscle injury or inflammation. Congenital muscular is evident at or soon after birth as the infant will have a postural preference. Risk factors include oligohydramnios, breech presentation, forceps- or vacuum-assisted delivery, perineal trauma during delivery. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This fact would better suited for the MSK or neuro sections. Torticollis is briefly mentioned in the neuro chapter, though I do remember that there was a UWorld question related to this concept. So, we could consider adding this to the MSK chapter, considering that torticollis is included as part of the USMLE Concept Outline. I'll add to Basecamp for MSK team input. -VV | | | | 04/25/17 11:21 AM | Anthony | Naquin | naquinanthony@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2458 | 608 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Hypertension in pregnancy | https://www-uptodate-com.access.library.miami.edu/contents/preeclampsia-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=preeclampsia&selectedTitle=1~150 | Symptoms of preeclampsia include headache, visual disturbance, abdominal pain, peripheral edema, oliguria. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:24 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2459 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Vaginal tumors | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/bartholin-gland-cyst-and-abscess-word-catheter-placement?source=search_result&search=bartholin+cyst&selectedTitle=2~10 | Bartholin Cysts are commonly encountered in clinical practice so it is worth mentioning | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't remember getting many/any questions on Bartholin cyst - more of a 3rd year/step 2 topic. Would not recommend adding Erika P | Bartholin cysts are more likely to be tested on an Ob/gyn shelf or Step 2 than on Step 1. Would not recommend this addition. -VV | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 6:49 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2460 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Cervical pathology | Saffitz, J.E. and Schiller, A.L. (2014) Rubin’s pathology: Clinicopathologic foundations of medicine. Edited by David S. Strayer and Emanuel Rubin. 7th edn. Philadelphia, PA, United States: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. (Saffitz and Schiller, 2014, pp. 1025–1026) | Incorrect CIN typing (book lists CIN1 as severe instead of mild dysplasia) | Major erratum | Verified | CIN1, 2, and 3 are separated by a 'comma' and the parenthesis refers to CIN 3. I believe this to be clear. Reject. - Jesse | So this person did not follow the comma fairly well. The parenthesis refers to CIN 3 (severe, irreversible dysplasia etc... Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | Reject | | | | 01/31/17 6:00 AM | Reashmi | Nauth | reashmi.nauth@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2461 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Cervical pathology | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8207801 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785934/ | The page states that the E6 gene product inhibits p53 suppressor gene and E7 inhibits RB suppressor gene). In reality, it is the p53 and Rb proteins (not the genes themselves) that are inhibited by viral proteins E6 and E7, respectively. The proposed mechanism is that E6 and E7 lead to increased destruction of p53 and Rb, and losing these tumor suppressor proteins increases the risk for cervical cancer. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 02/26/17 4:02 PM | Franklin | Canady | fjcrun@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2462 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/metformin-for-treatment-of-the-polycystic-ovary-syndrome?source=related_link#H24 | The text lists 6 therapies for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), including metformin. It specifically clarifies that metformin is used to induce ovulation. The data does not support this practice, and metformin is no longer indicated for ovulation induction in treatment of PCOS. It is used as adjunctive therapy only, and its efficacy in PCOS may be most pronounced in the patients who develop insulin resistance, which is not present in all patients with PCOS. Clomiphene on the other hand is indicated specifically for the induction of ovulation in treating infertility in women with PCOS. | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree - leave as is. when metformin is given with clomiphene and by itself, have resulted in the return of regular ovulation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11937113 No change needed. Erika P | This was reviewed by our experts and determined to be fine. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 2:49 PM | Daniel | Leisman | dan.leisman@icahn.mssm.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 2463 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Cervical pathology | http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/62598 | Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) DNA detection via PCR to diagnose high risk strains. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. Does not need to be included. No change needed. Erika P | This is beyond the scope of what would be tested on Step 1. Would not recommend this addition. -VV | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/14/17 9:05 AM | Guarina | Molina | guarinamolinamd@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2464 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Premature ovarian failure | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/early-menopause-primary-ovarian-insufficiency-beyond-the-basics | The term 'Premature Ovarian Failure' is an antiquated one, now replaced by 'Primary Ovarian Insufficiency' (POI) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/14/17 2:15 PM | Kathryn M. | Linder | kml016@jefferson.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2465 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Cervical pathology | https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/knowledge/provider-education/cervical/risk-factors.htm https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/references.html | It says the number 1 risk factor for HPV dysplasia is multiple sexual partners. The main risk factor is technically HPV exposure and/or immunodeficiency. I got this as a UWorld and NBME question. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/18/17 10:56 PM | Ariella | Kashi | ak898@scarletmail.rutgers.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2466 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adults | Change "polycystic OVARIAN syndrome" to "polycystic OVARY syndrome", which is the correct term. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/22/17 3:34 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2467 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnostic-evaluation-of-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adolescents | Replace "Common cause of subfertility in women." with "Most common cause of infertility in women." | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, PCOS are not infertile. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/24/17 8:21 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2468 | 609 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Vaginal tumors | https://www.cdc.gov/des/hcp/information/daughters/risks_daughters.html | The text states that clear cell adenocarcinoma affects women who had exposure to DES in utero, but it should say that it affects the daughters of women who were exposed to DES in utero. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/31/17 2:37 PM | Tiffany | Dharia | tiffanydharia@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2469 | 609 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | FA p. 609 | As Beyonce would say, "2 the Left, 2 the Left" (2 lobes on the left)... or 3ight and 2eft (numbers in red) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/03/17 7:00 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2470 | 610 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian cysts | n/a | Throughout the book, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are written without hyphens, but on pg. 610 they are written as BRCA-1 and BRCA-2. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Please replace "BRCA-1 or BRCA-2" with "BRCA1 or BRCA2" -VV | Accept (minor errata) - Tarunpreet D | NOT a minor errata Tarunpreet... This is a formatting issue. Please change to BRCA1, BRCA2 without hyphens. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 2:17 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2471 | 610 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | http://www.pathoma.com/ | Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst): Instead of "Cystic mass containing elements from all 3 germ layers" it should instead read: "Cystic mass containing elements from 2 or 3 germ layers." | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/20/17 5:00 AM | Howie | Freeman | freeman.howie@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2472 | 610 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/777490_2 | Endomertioma is put under benign ovarian neoplasms this is a misnomer the condition endometriosis is not of neoplastic origin | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 07/15/17 10:00 AM | Amira | Al-Saqabi | metalcoreftw@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2473 | 611 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | N/A | highlight D in dysgerminoma and D in LDH to help remember the association between the two | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not entirely necessary (but like the idea). And not story based. -JL | | | | 05/13/17 5:01 PM | Sufyan | AbdulMujeeb | sufyansuri92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2474 | 611 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epithelial-carcinoma-of-the-ovary-fallopian-tube-and-peritoneum-histopathology?source=search_result&search=pseudomyxoma%20peritonei&selectedTitle=5~21 | "Primary ovarian mucinous carcinomas" DO NOT present with gross pseudomyxoma peritonei. Although pseudomyxoma peritonei historically was believed to result from rupture of primary ovarian mucinous neoplasm, it is now accepted that pseudomyxoma peritonei almost always results from metastasis to the ovary, often from an appendiceal primary | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/24/17 8:53 PM | Mohammad | Jmasi | mohammad.jmasi2010@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2475 | 611 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | Mnemonic - n/a | Mnemonic for Malignant vs. Benign Ovarian Neoplasms: Malignant: MY KID’S Gone (“one” in Gone is not part of mnemonic) -Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma -Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor -Krukenberg tumor -Immature teratoma -Dysgerminoma -Serous cystadenocarcinoma -Granulosa cell tumor ..... Benign: BEST FM Doc (“oc” in Doc is not part of mnemonic) -Brenner tumor -Endometrioma -Serous cystadeoma -Thecoma -Fibroma -Mucinous cystadenoma -Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/02/17 1:28 AM | Cory | Gregory | Cory.Gregory8799@cnsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2476 | 612 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Endometrial conditions | http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v14/n9/full/3880405a.html | With chronic endometritis, it is very important to understand that plasma cells are necessary for establishing this diagnosis. There is currently no mention of chronic endometritis under the "Endometritis" subheading, though it is a very common cause of infertility and abnormal uterine bleeding, and has a distinct histologic finding from acute endometritis. Attached reference is just one example of a full article with this information - it has a brief description of the condition and criteria for diagnosis (presence of plasma cells). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/07/17 5:13 PM | Esther | Zusstone | zusstoem@mail.uc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2477 | 612 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Endometrial conditions | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21345435 | PALM-COEIN is a pnemonic for "causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:27 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2478 | 612 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Endometrial conditions | NA | for Antibiotic treatment of Endometriosis : Gestation (Gentamicin) Cleaning (Clindamycin) Ampoule (Ampicillin) | Mnemonic | | | | 10/31/17 5:28 PM | Sadjjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2479 | 613 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Nutrition | Endometrial conditions | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/internuclear-ophthalmoparesis | Internucular Opthalmoplegia (INO) --> When considering which side of the head (left vs right) to localize which MLF has a lesion, use INO as the pneumonic: Ipsilateral adduction weakness, Nystagmus of Opposite eye (capitalized letters for I-N-O) this also helps you remember the clinical symptoms as well | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 01/24/17 8:36 PM | Matthew | Wells | matthew.eric.wells@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2480 | 614 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Breast pathology | http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/755040_3 | There has to be a brief note about "accessory nipples (polythelia)" as it is commonly encountered | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. Not high yield. No change needed. Erika P | Too LY. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 4:49 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2481 | 614 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1571528/ ; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiology-of-lactation?source=see_link ;https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PEDS%2F88523&topicKey=PEDS%2F4999&source=see_link | Lactiferous sinuses do not exist. This is a well-established and known fact in the breastfeeding medicine literature and field. All of the updated breastfeeding medicine textbooks no longer describe lactiferous sinuses. Sir Astley Cooper (the one who discovered lactiferous sinuses) artificially created them by injecting wax through nipple pores, thus artificially dilating the ducts. This was thought to be true since other mammals (like cows) have a sinus where milk collects before expression. | Minor erratum | Verified | Change to 'lactiferous duct' Erika P | Changed in 2018 to lactiferous ducts. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Accept | | Replace the label “Lactiferous sinus” with “Lactiferous duct.” | | 10 | | 03/03/17 3:11 PM | Anna | Sadovnikova | asadovnikova@ucdavis.edu | | | |||||||||
| 2482 | 614 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Breast pathology | Ramsay, D. T.; Kent, J. C.; Hartmann, R. A.; Hartmann, P. E. (2005). "Anatomy of the lactating human breast redefined with ultrasound imaging". Journal of Anatomy. 206 (6): 525–534. | The breast pathology picture denotes the existence of the lactiferous sinus. Prior to 2005, it was thought within the areola the lactiferous duct would dilate to form the lactiferous sinus in which milk supposedly accumulates between breastfeeding sessions. However new research suggests that lactiferous sinus does not exist. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 07/16/17 11:52 PM | Carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2483 | 615 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Benign breast disease | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/propecia-proscar-finasteride-342824#4 | On drugs causing gynecomastia , finasteride has to be included | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. Do not think it is necessary as the mnemonic here is merely to highlight some of the drugs that can cause it, not meant to be an inclusive list. See line 61 Erika P | Agree - Tarunpreet D | We can consider adding this to 2018. Will need to be added throughout book where Finasteride is mentioned. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2929552/ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 4:15 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2484 | 615 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | In the FA express videos (2017) and previous FA editions (2016 and 2015), it says "< 35 years old." | Under fibrocystic changes, it says "Most common in premenopausal women > 35 years old." It should be "Most common in premenopausal women < 35 years old." | Minor erratum | Verified | change to "premenopausal women ages 20-50" Erika P | Agree with Erika. Would recommend this change -VV | Agree change to "less than" symbol. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | See Annotate discussion | Reject | | | | 04/07/17 11:31 AM | Maureen | Chavez | mkatechavez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 2485 | 615 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Benign breast disease | No need | In text "Epithelial hyperplasia—cells in terminal ductal or lobular epithelium. ↑ risk of carcinoma with atypical cells.",a"↑"should be added before first"cells" | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/07/17 2:13 AM | Jinglin | Gu | freyjabjmu@163.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2486 | 615 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Benign breast disease | http://www.medbullets.com/step2-3-gynecology/20421/fibroadenoma https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-benign-breast-disease?source=search_result&search=fibroadenoma%20breast&selectedTitle=1~15#H14 | Fibroadenomas grow in response to estrogen but grow slowly in response to estrogen-they do not fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle like fibrocystic changes do. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/05/17 1:11 PM | Byrd | Nichols | byrdnichols@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2487 | 616 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Malignant breast tumors | http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/rg.291085100 | Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: MAD LIBS = multicentric, advancing (metastatic), diffusely invasive, lobular carcinoma, indian file, bull's eye pattern, signet ring cells common [MAD also indicates invasive and thus malignant lobular carcinoma rather than in-situ] | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. More new content here than in FA2017 entry. However, the acronym itself is a little convoluted (lobular carcinoma's the 4th letter). Maybe turf this to x-ref/editors/experts to see if including new content is necessary. -JL | | | | 02/12/17 11:50 AM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2488 | 616 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | Pathoma | invasive Ductal carcinoma: "Dives" (invasive), "Dense" (rock hard), Dimpling, Desmoplastic stroma, Dime-a-Dozen (most common - 80%), Dudes (most common breast cancer in males) | Mnemonic | Verified | Accept (conditionally). Content is good and adds more HY-ish facts not in FA2017, but need x-ref to confirm facts and original content (i.e. not plagiarizing Pathoma). -JL | | | | 03/15/17 5:36 PM | Jackson | Bell | jacksonbell10@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2489 | 616 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Malignant breast tumors | http://www.breastimaging.vcu.edu/patients/diagnoses.html | Under Invasive ductal carcinoma - Firm fibrous, rock hard mass with ''sharp margins''. However, indistinct and spiculated margins are suggestive of invasive ductal carcinoma, the most common type of breast cancer.''. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/27/17 9:04 AM | kiratpreet | dhillon | kiratpreetdhillon@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2490 | 617 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Penile pathology | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/777181-overview#a2 | a brief note about " epididymitis " is worth mentioning and the points to differentiate it from testicular torsion | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Epididymitis is common enough that it should be on the differential for acute scrotal pain (same source on left). Propose adding "Differential Diagnosis: Torsion more likely when pain is acute-onset and severe, while epididymitis/orchitis progresses more GRADUALLY in terms of pain" Source: Wieder, J. "Pocket Urology" 5 e. -JL | | | | 12/27/16 4:55 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2491 | 617 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Penile pathology | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/777456-overview | Orchitis: an acute inflammatory reaction of the testis secondary to infection. Most cases are associated with a viral mumps infection. testicular examination: testicular enlargement, induration of the testis, tenderness, erythematous scrotal skin, edematous scrotal skin, and enlarged epididymis associated with epididymo-orchitis. In sexually active males, urethral cultures and gram stain should be obtained for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Urinalysis and urine culture should also be obtained. Escherichia coli is the most common cause in boys younger than 14 years and in men older than 35 years | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree. This is not necessarily information that should considered high-yield. Orchitis was mentioned in microbiology chapter for mumps - the only questions re: orchitis are on this relationship. NO change needed. Erika P | Reject also - Tarunpreet D | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/11/17 5:15 PM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2492 | 617 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Penile pathology | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1100317-overview | In squamous cell carcinoma , it is mentioned that , erythroplasia of Queyrat is a cancer of glans, but it is "an in situ squamous cell carcinoma of the penis". Note that, it is an in situ carcinoma , not a cancer. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Can change to: "...is a in situ squamous cell carcinoma or the penis" Erika P | Agree (Source: Wieder's Pocket Urology). However, just to knock home the point that CIS != SCC, so we should change to "....is a carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the glans". -JL | Agree with JL, change to "is a carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the glans." | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 04/19/17 2:57 AM | Anisha | Adhikari | aneeshameet@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2493 | 617 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Cryptorchidism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-male-infertility?source=search_result&search=causes%20of%20male%20infertility&selectedTitle=1~123 | erum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations are often high, but serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations are usually normal, indicating normal Leydig cell function. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/18/17 8:23 PM | C | P | caroline.n.pham@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2494 | 617 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Malignant breast tumors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammatory-breast-cancer-pathology-and-molecular-pathogenesis | The arrow at image F points to the skin dimpling caused by invasion of the suspensory ligament (not peau d'orange). Peau d'orange is the skin dimpling produced by the accentuation of the hair follicle depressions due to lymphedema. I ve attached a better picture for peau d'orange to avoid confusion. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/12/17 9:27 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2495 | 617 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Mesothelioma | www.pathologyoutlines.com | Histology varieties of mesothelioma | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | Wrong Edition | | | | 03/11/17 2:50 AM | Arivalagan | Balakrishnan | balak.1987@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2496 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular germ cell tumors | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1611815-overview#a3 | "hCG is structurally similar to LH, FSH, TSH" should be "The alpha subunit of hCG is structurally similar to LH,FSH,TSH) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Similar fact mentioned on Page 313 Endocrine section. No need for duplication. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Partial agree. Might disagree with Tarunpreet. The similar fact was mentioned over 300 pages ago. Change to "alpha subunit of hCG is structurally similar to LH...." would be fairly easy. -JL | Agree with JL, simply change text to "α-subunit of hCG is structurally similar to..." -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/27/16 5:36 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2497 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Scrotal masses | Dr. Husain Sattar from pathoma | Conenital hydrocele is due to incomplete closure/sealing of processus vaginalis, not "obliteration." | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. Incomplete closure and obliteration sound synonymous to me - Tarunpreet D | Reject. I doubt anyone got a question wrong on step because they confused 'obliteration' with closure... -JL | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/22/17 7:08 PM | Erica | Corredera | ericacorredera@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2498 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Neoplasia | Testicular germ cell tumors | Information can be found on pages 611-612, and 618 of FA 2017; As well as Chapters 13 and 14 of Pathoma. | I've had a lot of trouble keeping straight which germ cell tumors are associated with which serum markers, and none of the "Big 3" Step 1 resources present this in a consolidated way. I made a table which helped me keep it straight, figured I'd share in case others might find it helpful. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/20/17 12:13 PM | Daniel | Leisman | dan.leisman@icahn.mssm.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2499 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular germ cell tumors | Robbins and Cotran, Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition page 975. Also, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/278174-overview | Klinefelter syndrome is associated with extragonadal germ cell tumors, and "these patients do not develop testicular tumors". Therefore the proposed edit should read: "~95% of all testicular tumors. Most often occur in young men. Risk factors: cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome (as a mediastinal germ cell tumor) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 05/25/17 3:28 PM | Matthew | Szaro | szarom1992@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2500 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular germ cell tumors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-and-risk-factors-for-testicular-germ-cell-tumors | Klinefelter syndrome is associated with extragonadal germ cell tumors, not testicular germ cell tumors | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 06/05/17 5:49 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2501 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular germ cell tumors | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.medlib.uits.iu.edu/contents/anatomy-and-pathology-of-testicular-tumors?source=machineLearning&search=teratoma%20adult%20male&selectedTitle=1~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H11#H11 | Teratomas in adult males are always considered to be malignant. The current 2017 text suggests that they are only sometimes malignant. Therefore, the text should read, "Unlike in females, mature teratoma in adult males are always malignant. Benign in children." | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/05/17 6:44 PM | Timothy | Jang | legotj7@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2502 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Scrotal masses | Grammar mistake | Congenital Hydrocele - Most cases spontaneously resolve by 1 year of age. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 10/16/17 5:41 AM | Venkat Akhilesh | Thota | venkatakhilesh@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2503 | 619 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular non–germ cell tumors | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1611815-overview#a3 | Sertoli cell tumor secretes estrogen promoting female phenotype and is associated with peutz-jeghers syndrome | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I do not think this is yield enough to warrant incorporating into the text. Erika P | LY. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 5:29 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2504 | 619 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Prostatic adenocarcinoma | http://www.webcitation.org/5yHQ19Rrp | Itis worth mentioning this"The prostatic venous plexus drains into the internal iliac vein which connects with the vertebral venous plexus, this is thought to be the route of bone metastasis of prostate cancer" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Disagree - too detailed for Step 1 Erika P | Reject. Got asked 1000+ questions on back pain (spinal fracture) due to prostate Ca mets, never once did I see a mention of 'prostatic venous plexus drainage'. -JL | Reject, agree with authors, low yield. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 6:37 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2505 | 619 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular non–germ cell tumors | http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.352140097#, http://www.urol-sci.com/article/S1879-5226(16)00006-3/fulltext, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466616 | Testicular lymphoma is usually a primary tumor (termed primary testicular lymphoma or PTL). Presents as a bilateral mass in 35% of cases. Most common type = DLBCL | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 06/05/17 6:59 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2506 | 619 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Flow volume loops | First Aid 2017 page 611,618,619; http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/303239-overview#a2; http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/how-lungs-work/lung-capacity-and-aging.html | I would suggest changes in lung volumes (TLC, FEV, FVC ) should be given in tabular form comparing changes during obstructive disease, restrictive disease and normal aging. (see attachment) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 5:27 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2507 | 619 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Restrictive lung disease | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis#H10 | An important mediator of pulmonary fibrosis is TGF-beta, and IPF is characterized by bilateral infiltrates at the bases of the lungs. TGF-eta (bold "be”), bases (bold "bases"): Bernie (bold "Be") Williams is a baseball (bold "base") player, whose father died of IPF. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/18/17 9:57 PM | Christine | Mei | cmei@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2508 | 620 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/menopur-repronex-menotropins-342877 http://www.uptodate.com/contents/infertility-treatment-with-gonadotropins-beyond-the-basics | Please add " menotropin ( Gonadotropin)" in reproductive pharmacology.Indicated for patients with oligoanovulation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject . not needed Erika P | LY. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 9:39 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2509 | 621 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Leuprolide | http://reference.staging.medscape.com/drug/zoladex-la-goserelin-342129 | please include other examples of GnRH analog like Goserelin. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. unnecessary to add into text. Erika P | LY. Reject - Tarunpreet D | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 11:07 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2510 | 621 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Estrogens | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-approach-to-metastatic-hormone-receptor-positive-breast-cancer-endocrine-therapy?source=search_result&search=fulvestrant&selectedTitle=5~15#H99491188 | I suggest adding the pharmacological estrogen antagonist "Fulvestrant" to the current listing of estrogen antagonists in the text. Unlike the other Estrogen antagonists listed in First Aid, Fulvestrant has no estrogen agonistic properties. It is also one of the drugs recommended as first line use in some breast cancer patients (Uptodate). If the drug is added to First Aid I would additionally suggest highlighting/capitalizing "estrant" in the name (fulvESTRANT). The name gives away its mechanism. EST = estrogen, R = receptor, ANT = antagonist. I hope this has been helpful. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Partial Disagree. This can be misleading as fulvestrant has only been endorsed as first line for METASTATIC HORMONE-RECEPTOR POSITIVE breast cancer by only one major cancer society (ASCO 2015). Most recs seem to treat fulvestrant as second/third line. Honestly, a little torn on adding something as contentious as this into a HY-review. Possibly include a short bit on "Selective Estrogren Receptor Degraders (SERD)" and emphasize that it is a pure antagonist that is functionally distinct from SERMs (tamoxifen + co)? Source: http://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.1487; Dynamed; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4622303/ -JL | | | | 01/09/17 4:45 PM | Missak | Tchoulhakian | mtchoulhakian@westernu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2511 | 621 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Estrogens | My brain | Please generally avoid writing as a mechanism that something "binds" to a receptor, e.g."Bind estrogen receptors" because this does not really elucidate the mechanism since both agonists and competitive antagonists bind to the same receptor. More helpful would be to simply use the terms "agonist", "antagonist" throughout, specifying further if needed. Thank you! | Clarification to current text | Verified | This seems more of a FA-wide initiative of avoiding a certain terminology when describing MOA of pharmaceutical agents. Erika P | Disagree. For the sake of Step 1, knowing the type of receptor that each drug binds is enough. The pertinent details are pointed out whenever one must know whether the drug is an agonist or competitive antagonists. Would not recommend this change. -VV | This is very nitpicky. I don't believe it requires a change as the terminology works, receptor binding is a term. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/24/17 10:11 AM | Thomas | Paterniti | tpaterniti@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2512 | 621 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Selective estrogen receptor modulators | USMLE RX videos 2016 for Reproductive Pharmacology, http://www.medbullets.com/step1-reproductive/16059/clomiphene | Clomiphene is a PARTIAL AGONIST in the hypothalamus | Major erratum | Verified | Clomiphene has mixed agonist and antagonist properties depending upon the tissue in question. Better known as a SERM. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/ovulation-induction-with-clomiphene-citrate. Unsure whether it has agonist properties in the hypothalamus. Any input would be appreciated, this one is tricky - Tarunpreet D | Defer. | | | | 04/03/17 9:32 PM | Vyshnavy | Balendra | vyshe11@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2513 | 621 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Aromatase inhibitors | mnemonic | Mnemonic for aromatase inhibitors: Anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane. “A NAsty LEtteR to my EX.” | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Busy mnemonic. Not Story-based. -JL | | | | 05/28/17 4:36 PM | Sami | Hashmi | sami.hashmi@northwestern.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2514 | 621 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Aromatase inhibitors | - | Mnemonic for aromatase inhibitors- An astronaut (anastrozole) went for a Breast exam (exemestane) when she received a letter (letrozole) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/30/17 11:23 AM | Rajat | Dhand | rajatdhand@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2515 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Progestins | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/258507-overview http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs244/en/ | Levonorgestrel is also used as an emergency contraception which is not mentioned in the text. | Clarification to current text | Verified | This does not need to be added as we already mention that progestins are used for contraception. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 10:02 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2516 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/258507-overview http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs244/en/ http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/831720 | Please add a note on "emergency contraceptives and its limitation" on a separate heading. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Low yied for Step 1, more of a Step 2 topic Erika P | Agree with Erika. This is more likely to be tested on Step 2 and Obgyn shelf. Would not recommend this addition -VV | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 10:05 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2517 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Danazol | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/danazol-342756 | Danazol is also used for "Fibrocystic Breast Disease" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Low yield for Step 1. Reject - Tarunpreet D | The association of using danazol and pseudotumor cerebri is most likely to be tested rather than its use for fibrocystic breast disease. Would not recommend this addition -VV | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 10:28 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2518 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Combined contraception | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/ortho-cept-desogestrel-ethinyl-estradiol-342767#5 | Combined OCP is also containdicated in Liver disease and undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Should add "women with liver disease (including severe cirrhosis and liver tumor)". Not sure about adding the AUB, as it is only a "Category 3" not an absolute contraindication (http://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/1101/p2073.html) Erika P | Agree. Please add "...breast cancer, liver disease." Unable to find any absolute contraindications related to its use in abnormal uterine bleeding. -VV https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-use-of-estrogen-progestin-contraceptives?source=search_result&search=oral%20contraceptives&selectedTitle=1~150#H3033285 | We need to reorganize this entry, it is getting too blocked in terms of text. Perhaps a standard table format. Regardless, this change is accepted. Okay to add "breast cancer, liver disease." to contraindications. -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/30/16 10:52 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2519 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Progestins | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/depo-provera-depo-subq-provera-104-medroxyprogesterone-342782#5 | progesterone causes significant loss of bone mineral density. Use for long-term (>2 years) birth control only if other contraceptive methods are inadequate or poorly tolerated. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Low yied for Step 1, more of a Step 2 topic Erika P | Reject. Agree with Erika P, this becomes more relevant in the clinical years - Tarunpreet D | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 11:00 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2520 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Combined contraception | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/258507-overview#a5 | Add adverse effects of combined oral contraceptives. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. Should add a few high yield AEs of combined OCPs. (http://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/1101/p2073.html) Erika P | Agree - Tarunpreet D | Actually we already discuss VTEs and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We just need to unblockify this text. Reject. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/19/17 5:18 PM | Darlene | Espiritusanto | darleneel299@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2521 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Progestins | common sense | one of the clinical use mentioned is "abnormal uterine bleeding" (ABU) and I think that the text should be more specific and say "Dysfunctional uterine bleeding" (DUB) which is a sub-type of AUB caused by a non anatomic cause like: hormones dysbalance, inadequate corpus luteum... other causes of AUB not treatable with progestins: infections, foreign bodies, leiomyomas... | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. I don't think this is necessary Erika P | Reject. The difference b/w AUB and DUB would become more relevant come Step 2 time, not errata-worthy - Tarunpreet D | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/31/17 3:54 PM | Aboud | Tahanis | tahanis.aboud@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2522 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Progestins | http://www.essentialevidenceplus.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/content/eee/862, https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114441/Emergency-contraception#sec-Method-initiation, | The most supported principal mechanism of action Levonogestrel-only emergency contraceptive pills is to delay or inhibit ovulation. There is little to no conclusive evidence showing any effect of LNG ECPs on the endometrium or cervical muscus. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/09/17 5:30 PM | Shelby | Owens | owensshe@msu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2523 | 622 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Terbutaline, ritodrine | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inhibition-of-acute-preterm-labor?source=search_result&search=terbutaline%20labor&selectedTitle=1~150#H7 | used to reduce contraction frequency in women durng *preterm* labor = short-term tocolysis . (you wouldn't want to reduce contractions during actual labor). | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject, we state preterm labor. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 10/02/17 5:20 PM | Itamar | Shafran | s.itamar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2524 | 623 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Antiandrogens | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/propecia-proscar-finasteride-342824#4 | Many patients taking FINASTERIDE experience sexual dysfunction, so it is worth mentioning | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Can add additional AEs including gynecomastia and sexual dysfunction here (versus earlier page) Erika P | Another AE of finasteride was mentioned earlier on this page (Errata 40). Consider mentioning all AEs of finasteride here - Tarunpreet D | Add "Adverse effects include gynecomastia and sexual dysfunction." -YC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 12/27/16 4:18 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2525 | 623 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Minoxidil | not needed | Replace "pattern baldness" with "male-pattern baldness" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject, we cleared this already. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/29/16 3:55 PM | Bashar | Ramadan | b.k.ramadan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2526 | 623 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Tamsulosin | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1477611/ | "Selective for α1A/D receptors (found on prostate) vs vascular α1B receptors" can be re-written as " Selective for α1A/D receptors (found on prostate) vs vascular α1B receptors ( that's why ,it has little effect on BP)" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject - not necessary info to add Erika P | Reject. Nice suggestion, but does feel a bit redundant. -JL | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/30/16 10:22 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2527 | 623 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors | NA | Side effect of blue tinted vision: Blue pill causes Blue tinted vision | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Seems rather basic. -JL | | | | 01/14/17 2:17 PM | Ramez | Halaseh | ramezh_93@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2528 | 623 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Antiandrogens | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022473186900737 (Here, cholesterol desmolase is referred to as P450scc.) | Ketoconazole inhibits not only 17,20-desmolase/17a-hydroxylase, but also inhibits cholesterol desmolase (aka 20,22-desmolase, aka cytochrome P450scc). On pg. 623 it is identified only as inhibiting 17,20-desmolase/17a-hydroxylase. This would lead someone to think that ketoconazole inhibits only that enzyme and that the drug would therefore lead to similar effects as a 17a-hydroxylase deficiency, implying that it would raise the mineralocorticoid level while lowering the other adrenal steroids. Rather, it would not lead to increased mineralocorticoid, because it also inhibits cholesterol desmolase. It would be more helpful if on pg. 623 it said “inhibits steroid synthesis (inhibits 17,20 desmolase/17a-hydroxylase and cholesterol desmolase).” (Note: it would be helpful if also on pg. 218 it said that other names for 17a-hydroxylase included 17,20-lyase and 17,20-desmolase, because this led to confusion when compared to the information on pg. 623, as well as previous versions of First Aid.) Thank you for your time! | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/12/17 3:58 PM | Lauren | Fehr | lauren-e-fehr@ouhsc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2529 | 623 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Minoxidil | None needed, its all covered in FA | Minoxidil is used primarily for severe hypertension by acting as a potent dilator so I think it would fit better in the cardiovascular pharmacology session with Hydralizine, NO, and other vasodilators than by itself in the Reproductive section. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/15/17 3:58 PM | Timothy | Sherry | timrsherry@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2530 | 625 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/airway-foreign-bodies-in-adults?source=see_link | In 2016 FA it says that if you aspirate peanut while laying down it goes to the superior portion of the right lower lobe, which is correct. HOWEVER, in FA 17 it says that peanut while laying down goes to right upper lobe (inferior part) | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. -RG | The peanut returns...we had an extensive discussion about this on Annotate last year and I thought we finally got it right. Below is a link to a screenshot from Annotate. We implemented per Dr. Wang's recommendations. The submission has no sources besides FAS1 2016. I'm inclined to reject but will tag for faculty review to be thorough. http://goo.gl/Iz0Iw2 -AZ | Disagreement/need expert | Tisha Wang | i am sticking with what i said in annotate. | (Nancy Hsu) There is no contradiction between what the user cites in the Uptodate article and what Dr. Wang said in the screenshot. I agree with Dr. Wang's recommendations in the screen shot | Reject | | Keep as is per changes last year. -AZ | | | 02/08/17 10:39 PM | Prakhya | Bhatnagar | prakhyabhatnagar@gmail.com | | | |||||||
| 2531 | 626 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pharmacology | Gout drugs | Uworld question ID 861 extracted from,: Therapeutic Approaches to Hyperuricemia and Gout (2014) Pub Med | Allopurinol and febuxostat are xanthine oxidase inhibitors used for gout patients with recurrent gouty attacks, uric acid renal stones or tophi. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 2:34 PM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2532 | 626 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Lung development | http://www.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/pdf/difiore_lung_liquid.pdf https://books.google.ca/books?id=jELpNWtuflYC&pg=PA251&lpg=PA251&dq=professor+Strang+Pulmonary+Fluid&source=bl&ots=OmzuiEj7nj&sig=tHiW7AsJtLHgiI68UkLLS6HXcwM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDmeyXmM_TAhXhxYMKHbYlBqQQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=professor%20Strang%20Pulmonary%20Fluid&f=false https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7671435 Lily A.W. Disorder of Amniotic Fluid: ASSALI, N.S. Pathophysiology of Gestation Volume II. Academic Press, New York & London. 1972 | Fetal lung fluid is not amniotic fluid. Fetal lung fluid is generated in the lungs, and the fetus does not aspirate amniotic fluid. The fetus does, however, sometimes expel lung fluid, which can be detected in the AF as an indicator of lung maturity. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree. His citations check out, and based on my research he seems to be correct. From one article: "The initial key observation that led to our present understanding of fetal lung liquid production occurred in the 1940s when Jost and Policard (1) showed that the fluid within the fetal lung arises from the lung and did not, as it had been believed, represent aspirated amniotic fluid." Source: http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1165/ajrcmb.25.1.f211 Joe M | | | | 05/01/17 3:00 PM | Alan | Blayney | blayneya@upstate.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2533 | 626 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Lung development | First Aid 2017 pg. 626 figure of lung development timeline | Under the "Notes" heading, next to the "Saccular (week 26-birth)" heading, mention that Surfactant (bold "S") production Starts (bold "S") in or just prior to the Saccular (bold "S") stage. The "S" alliteration will help to remember that surfactant production starts in or just before the saccular stage, beginning in week 26, perhaps even written as twenty-Six (bold "S"). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We've worked up a better mnemonic in Annotate already. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/11/17 9:59 PM | Suzanne | Piccione | suzanne.piccione@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2534 | 626 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Lung development | N/A | "Every Pulmonary Cavity Sucks Air" to help remember the different stages (and their order) of lung development: Embryonic, Pseudoglandular, Canalicular, Saccular, Alveolar | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. We've worked up a better mnemonic in Annotate already. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/15/17 5:36 PM | Nathaniel | Fleischer | nfleischer@westernu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2535 | 626 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Lung development | First Aid 2017 | mnemonic for the stages of lung development. Eating and Praying Can Save Anyone ( Embryonic, Pseudoglandular, Canalicular, Saccular, Alveolar) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 10:34 AM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2536 | 626 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Lung development | N/A | Mnemonic for stages: "Everyone Post-Call Seems Angry" (Embryonic, Pseudoglandular, Canalicular, Saccular, Alveolar) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/05/17 2:43 PM | Alanna | HIckey | alanna.hickey@umassmed.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2537 | 626 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Lung development | N/A | Every Pulmonologist Carries Salmeterol (and) Albuterol (Embryonic, Pseudoglandular, Canalicular, Saccular, Alveolar) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 6:49 PM | Dara | Bakar | dara.bakar@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2538 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | http://www.dovemed.com/common-procedures/procedures-laboratory/flm-fluorescence-polarization-amniotic-fluid-test/ | Please add Fluorescent Polarization test to estimate surfactant-albumin ratio | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Test no longer used. From UpToDate: "The manufacturer retired the analytical systems for the TDx-FLM II test and ended production of the reagent required to perform it." Source: "https://www.uptodate.com/contents/assessment-of-fetal-lung-maturity?source=search_result&search=surfactant%20albumin%20ratio&selectedTitle=1~2" Joe M | Reject. I agree with first-author comment. This is a dated test now and beyond the scope of step 1. - Jesse S | Dated test as per authors, and also suspect this is lower yield anyway (eg, not even worth mentioning for historical/test-taking reasons). I agree with the authors to reject this proposal. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/10/17 2:42 PM | Rojan | Adhikari | rojanadhikari@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2539 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6546316 | When lec (lecithin) is more (greater ratio of lecithin:sphingomyelin), the lungs are mature | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This can be misleading because lecithin is still greater than sphingomyelin when the ratio is 1.5, which is predictive of NRDS. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/11/17 7:53 AM | Pamela | Martin | pamelasmartin7@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2540 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=381§ionid=40140004 | sphenoidal sinus drains in the superior meatus, frontal and maxillary sinuses drain in Middle nasal Meatus, nasolacrimal duct drains in the inferior meatus | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/27/17 11:39 PM | Christopher | Perez Lizardo | christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2541 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=381§ionid=40140031&jumpsectionID=40141435 | sphenoidal drains into superior meatus, maxillary and frontal drain into middle meatus , | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | | | | 06/27/17 11:49 PM | Christopher | Perez | Christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2542 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | NEW FACT | http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=381§ionid=40140031&jumpsectionID=40141435 | Maxillary drains in MIddle Meatus | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/27/17 11:52 PM | Christopher | Perez | Christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2543 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-intraventricular-hemorrhage-in-the-newborn | Intraventricular hemorrhage source is from germinal matrix | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/28/17 12:07 AM | Christopher | Perez | Christopherperezlizardo@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2544 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4533247/ | Acidosis was removed from FA 2016 to FA 2017, but it should be added back on. Both metabolic and respiratory acidosis occur due to hypoxemia and hypercapnia from tachypnia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 09/04/17 10:19 AM | Tony | Wang | tony@jhmi.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2545 | 628 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Homocystinuria | Biochemistry of Homocysteine in Health and Diseases, Ramakirshnan (2006) , Pub Med / UWORLD QUESTION ID 788 | intelectual disability will be seen with high levels of methionine, however not with high levels of cysteine | Clarification to current text | I think that this could have merit, but it's already present at the bottom of pate 80. -SM | | | | 08/11/17 10:19 AM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2546 | 628 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | not needed | In the figure of the "conducting zone" , Club cell is written as clara cell in the bracket. But, it is not written as clara cell in the text as well as below in the same diagram.I think , it needs uniformity. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | The text above this diagram doesn't mention club cells, and I don't think it is necessary to add "(Clara cell)" after every "Club cell" entry on the same diagram, since it is being phased out anyway. - Angela | Recommendation - This may seem random, but the term "Clara cell" actually has a deep history and multiple respiratory journals/societies have already agreed to discontinue it's use as the name may be connected to inhumane research that was done during WWII; citations: PubMed IDs 20223917 and 23276834. I would propose removing the occurrence of "Clara" all-together and use the commonly used name "Club cells." It is understandable that many are not aware of this controversy, but I do not anticipate a problem switching completely to "Club Cells." - Jesse | I skimmed the book via PDF, and this appears to be the single/last remaining mention of "Clara cell" terminology in the book besides the index. Everywhere else just has "Club cell" listed. Let's just strike it here, we've been phasing this out slowly for several years now. I agree with Angela that it would be silly to have duplicate terminology for each leader line as suggested by the submission. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Tisha Wang | they are used interchangeably - fine to change if uniformity desired | (Nancy Hsu) I agree with changing to "club cell" for uniformity of text and to minimize confusion for reader. | | | | 12/30/16 1:03 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2547 | 628 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | First Aid 2017 | In the Conducting zone passage, it is stated that pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells extend to the begining of terminal bronchioles but in the figure it's marked as simple ciliated columnar b/w the bronchus and terminal bronchioles. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | If I recall I think this shortcut was taken from a design practicality perspective, but we did recognize this shortcoming of the figure. If the Illustrations team has time this year, that would be a good one to add to the docket for re-consideration. The user is correct though. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Tisha Wang | agree - not really errata material but can reillustrate a bit better next time | (Nancy Hsu) The illustration looks "cleaner" this way, but can be revised to incorporate the above fact. | Defer to Illustrations Team | | Will not include in published errata | | | 02/19/17 12:32 AM | Leonardo | Kozian | leokozian@gmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2548 | 628 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | UWORLD Question Id: 480 | In the diagram, the cuboidal cells in the respiratory bronchioles are not drawn to be ciliated although it says the cilia terminate in the text above. Also, UWORLD says that "Epithelial cilia persist up to the end of the respiratory bronchioles". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree. The drawing is accurate. Ganong states that "the epithelium of the respiratory passages from the anterior third of the nose to the beginning of the respiratory bronchioles is ciliated." Change the 4th sentence of the "Respiratory zone" fact to say "Cilia terminate at the beginning of the respiratory bronchioles." Rachel K | Agree. Costanzo 5e p271 states: "The respiratory bronchioles are transitional structures. Like the conducting airways, they have cilia and smooth muscle, but they also are considered part of the gas exchange region because alveoli occasionally bud off their walls" Joe M | So it is correct that the cilia terminate within the respiratory bronchioles, which we state. Our diagram does not show any cilia within the respiratory bronchioles. I can see that being a bit conflicting. The harder point I'm trying to figure out is how to illustrate that, if at all. Do the ciliated cuboidal cells sort of become more interspersed, or is there a fixed cutoff? Looking at histology slides seems to imply the former, but the latter is also implied in quite a bit of text. I would propose that the final say be given by a faculty expert knowledgeable about this epithelium, such that we can best edit the text and/or image. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | | Not errata worthy | | | 03/22/17 3:24 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2549 | 628 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948995-overview#a3; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histology_of_the_vocal_folds | True vocal cord contains stratified squamous epithelium (so having risk of papilloma viral infection) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 12:57 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2550 | 628 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | 1) Uworld question ID 480 updated 01/12/2017 | Respiratory bronchioles have ciliated cuboidal cells. cilia are present in the ducts but are not present alveolar ducts or alveoli themselves | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 08/10/17 8:39 PM | Aury | Fernandez | drauryfernandez@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2551 | 628 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | First Aid 2017 (Page 628, conducting zone text) + http://histology.medicine.umich.edu/resources/respiratory-system | The diagram of the respiratory bronchioles does not clearly reflect the histology of the respiratory bronchiole. The smooth muscle layer in the diagram does not show the "sparse" nature of the layer. It is important to show in the diagram that there are alveolar sacs in the wall of the respiratory bronchiole and there are small knobs of smooth muscle cells (sparse) between the openings of the adjacent alveoli. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/02/17 7:15 PM | Abdulaziz | Barakat | abdulaziz.a.barakat@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2552 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Lung relations | none | RALS mnemonic--the letter 'A' is not in red font. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | Added to Annotate. | | | | 01/13/17 4:16 PM | Zachary | Mortensen | zachary.mortensen@ttuhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2553 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Lung relations | http://www.medbullets.com/step1-respiratory/17053/aspiration | While supine= enters SUPERIOR segment of the INFERIOR LOBE | Major erratum | Verified | Already discussed in another submission with faculty, no changes needed. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/08/17 7:15 PM | Vyshnavy | Balendra | vyshe11@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2554 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Lung relations | Not Needed | In the CT scan picture, the Descending Aorta is labeled as Ascending Aorta (Ao) | Major erratum | Verified | Our abbreviations & symbols guide lists "Ao" as "Aorta" without specifying ascending or descending. No error here. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 4:18 PM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2555 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Lung relations | not needed | Labeling the Ascending Aorta and the descending Aorta in the CT scan picture | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We currently use "Ao" as an abbreviation on the diagram for both the ascending and the descending aorta components. I see merit in having different abbreviations for the two. Can move to Annotate. Would need to standardize throughout whole book. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 4:28 PM | Mohammad | Hamidi | mohk.hamidi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2556 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Lung relations | none needed | From the 2016 to 2017 version of First Aid, "inferior lobe" was changed to "lower lobe". In the figure, this was done for all of the lower lobes except the anterior right lower lobe (still says "inferior lobe") | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. Change "Inferior lobe" on R anterior view of the lung to "Lower lower" to match the rest of the illustration. Rachel K | Agree, same rationale as Rachel. Joe M | I agree with this change for the main purpose of continuity/consistency. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/22/17 3:38 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2557 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Lung relations | Goljan Rapid Review Pathology 4th Ed. pg. 394; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_aspiration | For aspirating a peanut while supine, the info in first aid applies to lying on one's RIGHT SIDE, NOT SUPINE. In Goljan he says: "Foreign material localizes to different portions of the lung, depending on the position of the patient. In the standing or sitting position, material localizes in the posterobasal segment of the right lower lobe; in the supine position, the superior segment of the right lower lobe; and in the right-sided position, the right middle lobe or the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. The most common aspiration site is the superior segment of the right lower lobe." I think all of this info should be included in first aid. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This comment differs from FA2017 in the following ways: 1. Upright - FA says basal segment of R lower lobe, this guy says posterobasal segment. 2. Supine - FA says posterior segment of R upper lobe, this guy says superior segment of R lower lobe. 3. R Lateral Decubitus - FA says nothing, this guy says right middle lobe or posterior segment of R upper lobe. Per editor "AZ" above, the peanut problem has already been marked for faculty review. Joe M | Partial accept. The level of detail included in Goljan is probably not necessary for Step 1. However, the location of aspiration when in the supine position is indicated slightly differently in FA and Goljan. FA indicates that supine position leads to aspiration in the posterior segment of right upper lobe. Goljan indicates aspiration in the supine position localizes to the superior segment of the right lower lobe. However, FA qualifies that aspiration localizes to posterior segment of the right upper lobe preferentially when the patient is on their right side, which Goljan agrees with. Radiopedia states "The posterior segment of the upper lobes and the superior segment of the lower lobes are most commonly involved lung sites when aspiration occurs in a recumbent patient. In an erect patient, aspiration is more likely to involve bilateral basal segments, right middle lobe and lingula" and cites PMID 18356436. I am curious to see if additional authors believe we should clarify our text for the supine position or if this is beyond the scope of step 1. - Jesse | Yuck, this must be the prototypical recurrent erratum of the respiratory chapter. To respond to each issue in Joe's formatting to make it easier to read: 1.) The difference between basal and posterior basal seems negligible and not worth hashing out, so long as the fact that it's basal and in the right lower lobe is mentioned. 2.) Supine may need tweaking. Firstly, the current way we write it ("While supine—enters posterior segment of right upper lobe. Preferentially on right side.") is confusing. It sounds like we're saying "right" twice. Or possibly as you propose, while the patient is on their right side. It is a bit confusing as written and could benefit from clarification. 3.) Barring my misunderstanding of the above, I do not think we cover the right lateral decubitus position. Based on all feedback, I think we need to fix supine slightly. If nothing else, for the awkward phrasing. We should clearly state that the peanut goes into the superior segment of the right lower lobe when the patient is on their back (supine), and the posterior segment of the right upper lobe when the patient is lying on their right side (right lateral decubitus). This would read like (replacing the sentence with two new sentences): While supine—enters superior segment of right lower lobe. While lying on right side—enters posterior segment of right upper lobe. Not sure what to make of the right middle lobe aspect. Nor how HY breaking this down further is. I mainly want us to address clarity here. I also cannot find the old expert discussion with Andy, thus, will flag this for expert review to confirm that our thinking is correct before we make any changes. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | | | 5 | | 03/22/17 6:57 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2558 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Lung relations | 1) http://www.ajronline.org/doi/10.2214/AJR.07.2766 2) http://www.lumen.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/pulmonar/cxr/lasegs.htm (Loyola University Chicago) | When supine, aspirated objects can go into posterior segment of Right Upper Lobe (Current text), but Very Commonly, It Goes into the SUPERIOR Segment of the Right LOWER Lobe (Suggestion) | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 05/17/17 4:34 PM | Mihael | Rosenbaum | mihaelrosenbaum@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2559 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Diaphragm structures | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/298107-overview Just putting this here to complete the form - As far as I know, I came up with the mnemonic | For structures perforating diaphragm, I think ESOPH VAGUS. It's still 10 letters for T10 and helps me remember both structures. | Mnemonic | Verified | I like "esoph-vagus" better than "oesophagus." It also helps you remember the vagus nerve. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/24/17 11:06 AM | Micah | Richardson | mrr96@drexel.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2560 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Diaphragm structures | No reference | To remember that both the esophagus and the vagus nerve run through the opening at T10, it may be helpful to combine the words 'esophagus' and 'vagus' as 'esophvagus' to remember that they run together through the opening of the right crus at T10 | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. See above submission. -Rachel K. | | | | 06/02/17 1:56 AM | Edmond | Ahdoot | edmondahdoot@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2561 | 629 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy | Abbreviations and Symbols | This is a self made Pnemonic | We can Highlight "C" for Common Carotid Bifourcation at C4. Highlight "T" for Tracheal Bifourcation at T4. It will be helpful as a good Pmemonic to remember the level of bifurcation in relation to Cervical and Thoracic Vertebra. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/18/17 2:21 PM | Ashwini | Mahadevaiah | ashwini_mahadev@yahoo.co.in | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2562 | 630 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Ventilation | Because VE = VT × RR and VA = (VT − VD) × RR | VA = VE − VD x RR | Minor erratum | Verified | I think we have a bigger issue of defining variables as being volumes or time-volumes. I know in some cases a dot over the variable is used to indicate time. This section can get confusing because VT and VD are volumes, whereas VE and VA are ventilation rates. I believe this user is correct because VE is a ventilation rate, and VD is a volume/breath, so multiplying by RR fixes the units, but without any further denotation or formatting to tip people off that some are ventilation rates and others are volumes, this can get extremely confusing. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Tisha Wang | it needs to have appropriate dots above and subscripts for it to look right: Ve=RR x Tv (with dot above Ve and e and v being capitalized but subscripted. Va = (Vt - Vd) x RR (with dot above Va and with a, t, and d being capitalized but subscripted) | (Nancy Hsu) The first line of the Ventilation fact just needs a formatting change and does not need to be completely changed, in my opinion. VD can represent volume/time if we place a dot above VD (with D subscripted), in which case the equation could remain VA = VE - VD --> Alveolar ventilation rate equals pulmonary ventilation rate minus the dead space ventilation rate, all in units of mL/min Agree with Dr. Wang in the formatting of the other equations: VE= VT x RR (with dot above Ve; E & T are subscripted VA = (VT - VD) x RR (with dot above Va; with A, T, D subscripted) | Accept | | Will not include in published errata. | | | 02/02/17 2:44 PM | Edison | Lin | drlinys@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||
| 2563 | 630 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Ventilation | Math | Variables for ventilation should have a dot above them to denote that they are time-differentiable. This would be consistent with how the text correctly uses dots above "V/Q defects" in the "Determination of physiologic dead space" section above. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | The student is technically correct (see Physiology by Costanzo 5th edition, page 191). The dot indicates that the unit is 'per unit time'. Regardless, I could go either way on this but perhaps we should at least define the unit of alveolar ventilation (ml/min). - Jesse | Sure you can put the dots up there. I do not agree with adding units for alveolar ventilation. The units for VT and VD are already defined and since RR is breaths/min, it should be intuitive at this stage to derive the final unit. Rachel K | So basically, replacing V with V̇ when it indicates minute volume. I am fine with that such that we are more faithful to what is commonly utilized in the literature. V̇ represents minute volume, or mL/min as per Jesse. While it can be deduced, it would be harmless to add a row to column 3 defining it. I'm OK with that too if we so wish. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/18/17 5:16 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2564 | 630 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lung volumes | first aid 2016 | The residual volume (RV) is missing from the diagram in FA 2017 | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. The figure purposely distinguishes between "Capacities" and "Volumes" as capacities are a sum of the volumes. RV is included under "Lung volumes" with a mnemonic. I believe this to be clear already. -Jesse | Reject. It is there on the bottom, labeled "RV." Joe M | As per authors, already mentioned, no changes are needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/22/17 3:48 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2565 | 630 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Ventilation | Logically, a rate cannot be equal to a rate minus a volume. VA=VE-VD | There is an error on the equation you have listed for Ventrilation. You state that VA=VE-VD. This is incorrect in that VA is a rate ((VT-VD)*RR) and so is VE (VT*RR) but VD is a volume. | Major erratum | Verified | Accept. This kind of relates to the comment in row 13 regarding adding dots to denote a rate. If we do not want to do dots, I think this equation may benefit from being spelled out as a sentence (i.e, change 'VA=VE-VD" to "Alveolar Ventilation = Minute Ventilation - Dead Space Ventilation"). Because "Dead space ventilation" is counter-intuitive sounding, we could consider just including the equation that the Physiology by Costanzo book uses (page 191 in the 5th addtion): VA = (VT-VVD)*RR -Jesse | Reject. First of all, Costanza 5e p277 has this formula with its derivation. Second, Vd is a dead space, so it is always present. No time component is necessary. Joe M | If the V̇ fix above takes care of this, I would change. Otherwise, the equation is correct as is and I would say no adjustments required here. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/22/17 6:52 PM | Holden | Wagstaff | holden.wagstaff@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2566 | 630 | Respiratory | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Ventilation | Methametics | In FA 2017: Ventilation- Va= Ve(minute ventilation) - Vd(Dead Space=150). This is equation is actually wrong and misleading lets suppose we have RR= 15, Vt(Tidal Volume)= 500. Now Ve= Vt x RR. mean Ve= 15x500, Hence Ve= 7500. Va(Alveolar Ventilation)= (Vt-Vd) x RR, mean Va= (500-150) x 14, Va= 350x14, Hence Va= 4900. Now Ve(minute Ventilation)=7500 while Va(Alveolar Ventilation)= 4900. Let take the equation mentioned in FA 2017. Va= Ve-Vd, mean Va= 7500-150 Hence Va= 7350 which is Wrong because Va is actually equals to 4900. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 09/06/17 6:30 AM | Jai | Kumar | docjai88@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2567 | 630 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Ventilation | Basic maths, you shouldn't need any reference. | "Va= Ve-Vd" is said in the first line. However, the second and third lines say "Ve= Vt*RR and Va= (Vt-Vd)*RR". The difference between Ve and Va should be Vd*RR instead of "Vd". I am surprised that nobody has caught this. XD | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 10/04/17 2:56 AM | Weilun | Wang | weilun_wang@rush.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2568 | 631 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Hemoglobin | N/A | Clarification should be made as to which state of the hemoglobin is "taut" and which is "relaxed" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, but I will be curious of the second author's opinion. Although 'taut' and 'relaxed' are frequently used in this context, I have never seen it referred to this way in a question stem or answer choice. So it may be a waste of space. -Jesse | Accept. Lipincott 3e p28 says "The deoxy form of hemoglobin is called the "T" or taut (tense) form." and "The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin ... leads to a structure called the "R," or relaxed form" Joe M | So we did used to denote that the deoxygenated form is taut, and the oxygenated form is relaxed. It looks like this was taken out within the last year. I do not know why of the top of my head. In any case, I agree it is confusing, since in the sentence below at the bottom of column 2, we mention those forms still but no longer define them. I trust there was a good reason for removing them last year, perhaps not taking out the lower part was an oversight. Let's accept this and migrate it over, and we can hopefully get some input on why the change was made last year. Of note, I want to avoid flip flopping (that is, adding it back) without a very good reason! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 9:10 PM | Behnam | Faridian | bfaridian@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2569 | 631 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Pulmonary vascular resistance | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18581718 | In the "Lung and chest wall" section, PVR would be better unabbreviated (e.g. pulmonary vascular resistance) is not covered until page 634. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/24/17 11:15 AM | Micah | Richardson | mrr96@drexel.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2570 | 631 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | Not Need | Please add a figure about "Hysteresis" of lung for better clarification of the concept. (A sample graph has been attached) | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 10/16/17 11:56 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2571 | 632 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-methemoglobinemia | On page 632, under "Hemoglobin Modifications" subheading "Methemoglobin," the text reads "Oxidized form of Hb (ferric, Fe3+) that does not bind O2 as readily, but has (increased) affinity for cyanide." This may be confusing with regards to the overall effect of methemoglobinemia. According to UpToDate, "Methemoglobin is an altered state of hemoglobin in which the ferrous (Fe++) irons of heme are oxidized to the ferric (Fe+++) state. The ferric hemes of methemoglobin are unable to bind oxygen. In addition, the oxygen affinity of any remaining ferrous hemes in the hemoglobin tetramer is increased [1]. As a result, the oxygen dissociation curve is "left-shifted" (figure 1)." The text as written implies a decreased affinity of Hb for O2, where in fact the opposite is true; cyanosis results from the decreased delivery of oxygen to tissue due to increased hemoglobin affinity, not from an inability to bind oxygen in the first place. The quoted text can be found in the "pathophysiology" section of the referenced UpToDate page. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/27/17 2:16 PM | Cristian | Chagas | chagascr07@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2572 | 633 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Diaphragm structures | itisacommonsense.com | in the graph explaining perfusion limited gases , the graph is correct concerning N2O as the arterial concentration rapidly equilibrate with the alveolar concentration , but concerning CO2 , the opposite should happen since the concentration of CO2 is much more in arterial blood than alveoli , the PA should be rising quickly to equilibrate with Pa or the Pa should be declining quickly to equilibrate with PA | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 07/30/17 7:44 PM | Ahmed | Ismail | ahmedfathyismail.md@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2573 | 633 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Oxygen content of blood | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9792574; https://www.medbullets.com/step2-3-pulmonary/21734/carbon-monoxide-poisoning | In table corresponding to CO poisoning, change, "decreased O2 sat of Hb" to "normal O2 sat of Hb" | Major erratum | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 2:02 PM | KARANBIR | SINGH | karansingh_21@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2574 | 634 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Lung and chest wall | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10956375 | Text notes that perfusion is greatest at the base of the lungs due effects of gravity. While partially true, evidence suggests that "the structure of the vascular tree" of the lungs is the primary determinant of perfusion pattern. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. Very low yield. Joe M | | | | 05/01/17 8:08 PM | Nicky | Nienow Birch | mn.nienowbirch@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2575 | 634 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Ventilation/perfusion mismatch | See screenshot FA pg 630 regarding physiologic dead space vs pathologic dead space | Bottom of page, should read blood flow obstruction (PATHOLOGIC dead space) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 06/05/17 11:36 PM | Michael P. | Lee | leemp@evms.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2576 | 634 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Oxygen deprivation | N/A | Increased A-a gradient generally indicates a problem with the parenchyma of the lungs so I think it would be beneficial to add "(lung disease or shunt)" next to the words "increased A-a gradient" so that it would read "increased A-a gradient (lung disease or shunt)" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:36 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2577 | 635 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Carbon dioxide transport | not needed | The definition of "taut" firm is omitted in FA 2017 (compared to 2016). In the paragraph numbered 2 [CO2 binding favors taut form (O2 unloaded).] , it is better to omit "taut" and write "favors O2 unloading" instead. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept. Similar to comment in row 16. Although 'taut' is used very frequently in this context, it is not used as a descriptor in test questions in my experience. I am curious to what other's think though. To maintain consistency with page 631 perhaps we can change "..binding favors taut form (O2 unloaded)" to "...favors 02 unloading' as the comment suggests - Jesse | Reject. I think it is more clear to define taut and relaxed states (see above), and keep the word taut in this context, since taut has a specific definition, whereas "favors O2 unloading" is less precise. Joe M | As with the submission above, it is not clear to me why are no longer define taut and relaxed, yet left these uses of the terms in. Let's add to Annotate for ongoing discussion. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/18/17 6:13 PM | Parnaz | Daneshpajouhnejad | paeanox@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2578 | 635 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Carbon dioxide transport | Not needed. | Haldane effect = Hardcore effect (HardCO2RE-lease) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. This seems too far of a stretch. -Rachel K. | | | | 05/16/17 12:02 AM | Lydia | Robles | robles.lydia17@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2579 | 636 | Index | | | Pathology | Thrombogenesis | N/A | "Homan sign" is present in index (p. 741), but absent in the text (p. 636) | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 01/20/17 2:46 PM | Sergii | Kondrachuk | sergii.kondrachuk@mail.ru | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2580 | 638 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199879-overview#a5 | Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophillic hexagonal, double pointed needle like crystals COMPOSED OF LYSOPHOSPHOLIPASE, an enzyme in eosinophils) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. I think this fact may be better suited for a a review source which is less condensed. - Jesse | Reject. Based on my research, it seems like charcot-leyden crystals interact with lysophospholipse but are not composed of it. Given that I couldn't even find a clear answer, I think it's safe to say that this is low yield. Joe M | I'm inclined to say this is low yield, but will await author input before posting a recommendation. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/07/17 2:04 AM | Adrian M. | Jaramillo | amarceljaramillo@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2581 | 638 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Obstructive lung diseases | Made up | Obstructive Lung Diseases C-BABE Chronic Bronchitis Asthma Bronchiectasis Emphysema | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Don't think it's important to be able to regurgitate a list of the obstructive lung diseases. -Rachel K. | | | | 02/26/17 11:46 PM | Lance | Alquran | lancealquran@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2582 | 638 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Obstructive lung diseases | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/303239-overview | Clarify that the obstructive lung disease FEV/FVC ratio is <80%. Restrictive lung diseases already specifies that it's ratio is >80%. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Sort of accept. It is true that FA only says "↓ FEV 1 /FVC ratio" for obstructive disease, and it's worth clarifying that we mean below 0.7 (NOT 0.8 as he said - 0.8 is for FEV1). Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-definition-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-staging?source=search_result&search=obstructive%20lung%20disease&selectedTitle=1~150 Joe M | | | | 04/29/17 1:32 PM | Nahimarys | Colòn Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2583 | 638 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Obstructive lung diseases | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/symptoms-causes/dxc-20315101 | In section realated to chronic bronchitis; Please add "Chronic bronchitis usually caused by smoking" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/21/17 3:51 PM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2584 | 639 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Restrictive lung disease | First Aid 2016 p. 619 | Goodpasture Syndrome is an interstitial lung disease that causes increased A-a gradient. It's listed in the index to be in this page but it isn't. | Major erratum | Verified | Sort of accept. It is true that the index says Goodpasture should be on p639 under restrictive lung disease. However, I can't find any sources that definitively say Goodpasture causes a restrictive lung disease. I think the solution is to delete it from the index. Joe M | | | | 04/29/17 2:17 PM | Nahimarys | Colòn Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2585 | 641 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Mesothelioma | http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814688_3 | it is mentioned that "Cytokeratin and calretinin ⊕ in almost all mesotheliomas, ⊝ in most carcinomas.". i think , carcinomas are cytokeratin positive. | Minor erratum | Verified | Implement per Dr. Wang @ right. Specifically, strike "Cytokeratin and" in column 2 of this fact, leaving the rest of the sentence. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Tisha Wang | calretinin is negative in most other carcinomas. there are so many cytokeratins and many other carcinomas are in fact positive for one of the cytokeratins. i would change to "calretinin negative in most carcinomas" | (Nancy Hsu) Agree with 1st Reviewer | Accept | | In column 3 of the Mesothelioma fact, strike "Cytokeratin and" while leaving the rest of the line as is. -AZ | | 10 | | 12/26/16 12:33 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||
| 2586 | 641 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumoconioses | Goljan Rapid Review Pathology 4th Ed pf 398 | Coal workers pneumoconiosis has NO increased incidence of primary lung cancer. In contrast, Berylliosis IS associated with an increased risk for cor pulmonale and primary lung cancer. Please replace "coal workers pneumoconiosis" with Berylliosis at the top | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. I think that first sentence in FA needs to be split up. I found that: Coal Worker Pneumo: "Caplan syndrome is a rare complication of coal worker's pneumoconiosis" but no mention of cor pulmonale or cancer. (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/imaging-of-occupational-lung-diseases?source=machineLearning&search=coal%20workers%20pneumoconiosis&selectedTitle=1~6§ionRank=1&anchor=H365264535#H365264535). Berylliosis: Does cause cancer and cor pulmonale (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-beryllium-disease-berylliosis?source=search_result&search=berylliosis&selectedTitle=1~25) but not Caplan syndrome (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-lung-disease-associated-with-rheumatoid-arthritis?source=search_result&search=caplan%20syndrome&selectedTitle=1~7#H17) Silicosis: Does cause all 3 (cancer, cor pulmonale, caplan syndrome) Joe M | Agree with Joe with an additional reference. Robbins 9e p.689: "There is no compelling evidence that coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the absence of smoking predisposes to cancer." Rachel K | Seems reasonable to make these changes, thank you for excellent references. Given the differences, it probably makes the most sense to have each disorder's individual risk profile within its own row. Thus, Coal Worker pneumoconiosis would say nothing (or "no increased risk..."), Berylliosis would say increased risk of cancer/cor pulmonale, and finally Silicosis would say increased risk of all three. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | 5 | | 03/23/17 4:24 PM | Angie | Zhang | angiezhang1993@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||
| 2587 | 641 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Mesothelioma | https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.usc.edu/contents/epidemiology-of-malignant-pleural-mesothelioma?source=search_result&search=mesothelioma%20smoking&selectedTitle=1~150 | While smoking alone is not a risk factor for mesothelioma, smoking and asbestos exposure are synergistic in that your risk of asbestos related lung cancer in a smoker after exposure is increased by 60 fold compared to a non-smoker | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/30/17 12:53 AM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2588 | 642 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Sleep apnea | First Aid 2016 | In "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome," It looks like " ^ PaCO2 during waking hours (retention);" was copied over incorrectly | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Reject. Not sure what he means by "copied over incorrectly," but it looks just fine to me. Joe M | Reject. Don't see what is mentioned. No problems found. Rachel K | I will say that between "hypoventilation" and the up-arrow in that sentence, it does read a bit funny. Almost as if there should be a rightward arrow between them (since, technically, hypoventilation leads to the daytime CO2 retention. But as is there are no major issues and I don't see a pressing need for a change. Will accept only so that we can consider the minor clarification. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/28/17 1:52 PM | Parag | Badami | jedipyro@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2589 | 642 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Posterior fossa malformations | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1483583-overview#a6 | Cerebellar Tonsillar herniation = Chiari 1 Malformation; NOT Chiari 2 | Minor erratum | Verified | agree, it is type 1 and not 2. RAG | | | | 02/07/17 2:11 PM | Tyler | Okelberry | okelberry.tyler@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2590 | 643 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pulmonary hypertension | self | BMPR2 - Block Muscle Proliferation Receptor - kinda helps you remember the gene | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this. Maybe the text could say: "...BMPR2 gene which normally Blocks Muscle Proliferation in the vasculature); poor prognosis" Make BMP red in the gene and then the first letter of every word red as well -Rachel K. | | | | 01/06/17 10:19 AM | Nissim | Lankry | nissimlankry@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2591 | 643 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pulmonary hypertension | Not needed | At left-heart disease, "eg. mitral lung" should be replaced by "eg. mitral valve". | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree, this is a typo. It should say "mitral regurg." "Mitral valve disease" is too broad since mitral stenosis causes right (not left) heart failure. Sources: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-mitral-regurgitation?source=search_result&search=mitral%20regurg&selectedTitle=1~150 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-mitral-stenosis?source=search_result&search=mitral%20stenosis&selectedTitle=1~150#H19 Joe M | Agree with first author and student. I do not think an example of left heart disease is needed, as the mechanism is intuitive. Suggest deleting "eg. mitral lung" without replacement -Jesse | Agree, we can just delete the example in parentheses. Keeping it broad is fine in this case. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/17/17 1:19 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2592 | 644 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumothorax | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700561/#sec1-5title | Mechanical ventilation with use of high pressure does not cause secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, but rather iatrogenic traumatic pneumothorax | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. The article does a nice job of clearing this up. Please add a new line in the chart for "Iatrogenic pneumothorax." It also looks like the article distinguishes pulmonary barotrauma from iatrogenic pneumothorax. The example given for barotrauma is a scuba diver ascending after a dive. Rachel K | Partial accept. Iatrogenic pneumothorax is a type of traumatic pneumothorax, so the text as written is misleading but not incorrect. However, I agree with Rachel that the chart could be cleaned up. In the "Traumatic Pneumothorax" row, underneath the text "Caused by blunt...penetrating...trauma" - add the text "Iatrogenic, i.e from mechanical ventilation." Consider making "Iatrogenic" a different color font to indicate this is a subtype. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview#a2 - Jesse | An excellent clarification, indeed these in-hospital acquired pneumothoraces secondary to a procedure (eg, central line placement, mechanical intubation and ventilation) are not as accurately described as secondary spontaneous events. There is a lot of variability to how one can classify these. The two huge categories are spontaneous (primary or secondary) and traumatic. Within trauma, you can see subtypes such as iatrogenic or barotraumatic, or those two can be their own categories. I think we should keep the organization to the following types of pneumothorax: -Spontaneous (primary and secondary) -Traumatic (and include the subtypes iatrogenic [eg, from central line, lung biopsy, PPV-related barotrauma] and nontraumatic [eg, from penetration of the chest wall]) -Tension as we do now -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | No change for 2018 | Reject | | | | 03/21/17 8:47 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||
| 2593 | 644 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumothorax | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700561/ | Classification of pneumothorax based on ETIOLOGY: traumatic (iatrogenic & noniatrogenic) & nontraumatic = spontaneous (primary or secondary). Pneumothorax can also be classified a simple (no deviation) or tension (deviation) which can occur to any of the previously mentioned types | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, as FA basically says this already. Traumatic is labeled, so the assumption is that the others are non-traumatic. Tension pneumo also says "can be any of the above," so it has that covered. Joe M | Reject. Though I do think the chart can be cleaned up a bit. The following should be put in bold blue letters: -Spontaneous pneumothorax (differentiate between primary and secondary in plain text) -Traumatic pneumothorax -Tension pneumothorax -Iatrogenic pneumothorax (See above comment) Rachel K | See my above feedback. Agree we can clarify at least a little bit better than we do now! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/21/17 8:54 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2594 | 645 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumonia | Not needed | Change Chlamydia psittaci with Chlamydophila psittaci (correct new nomenclature) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree, the name has been changed. Source: https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/26011/PDF Joe M | Agree. Murray's Medical Microbiology has also been changed. Rachel K | Agree, this should be updated. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/11/17 1:59 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2595 | 645 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumonia | Uworld question ID 531 18034641 | Under gray hepatization, a key phrase "RBCs disintegrate" or "fragmented RBCs" is missing. Right now, the book implies that RBCs are only present under red hepatization, when fragmented RBCs should be present in gray hepatization. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/13/17 5:58 AM | Brian | Huang | brianwhuang@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2596 | 646 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoporosis | mnemonic and high-yield fact | DEXA scan tests bone density. T-score compares bone density to *T*-hirty (30) year old. T<-1=osteopenia, T<-2.5=osteoporosis. Z-score is less used, compares to patient of the *Z*ame (same) age | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 09/10/17 4:01 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2597 | 646 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pancoast tumor (superior sulcus tumor) | Uworld MQ# 566 | At: ................Pancoast syndrome.............add: usually are Non small cell cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Don't think the type of tumor that causes Pancoast syndrome is high yield. It's more important to know how a patient with a Pancoast tumor will present and to remember that you should never neglect the apices of the lung. Rachel K | I could really go either way with this one. I agree with Rachel that this is typically not the focus of questions. It is usually in the context of an anatomic correlate. I have provided the uptodate source below in case other reviewers decide to include this. "Pathology — The overwhelming majority of superior sulcus tumors are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), and in the past were mainly squamous cell carcinomas [2,8,15,24-27]," - http://www.uptodate.com/contents/superior-pulmonary-sulcus-pancoast-tumors -Jesse | Knowing the exact tumor type seems beyond the scope of the exam. I doubt a Step 1 test question will ever expect you to know that. Rather, they will want to test that you either know it is cancer, or know what types of complications there will be (eg, Horner syndrome). Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 02/22/17 12:15 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2598 | 646 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pancoast tumor (superior sulcus tumor) | A System of Orthopaedic Medicine Ludwig Ombregt page e123 | Brachiocephalic syndrome should be replaced by thoracic outlet syndrome to avoid confusion (they are synonyms) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. "Brachiocephalic syndrome" is not a real disease. I searched UpToDate, PubMed, Google, and Wikipedia, and such a disease has never been described. The correct term is "Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome." Saying "venous" is important to distinguish it from Neurogenic TOS, which is the kind most people think of (and what is described in FA2017 p428) Source: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-thoracic-outlet-syndromes?source=search_result&search=thoracic%20outlet%20syndrome&selectedTitle=1~40 Joe M | Agree with Joe. Change "Brachiocephalic syndrome" to "Venous thoracic outlet syndrome." -Jesse | Agree, I almost always use and hear thoracic outlet syndrome as opposed to what we have (brachiocephalic syndrome). I support the term swap! -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/18/17 3:25 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2599 | 646 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Lung abscess | Page 175of First Aid 2017 edition, "Common causes of pneumonia", "anaerobes usually due to aspiration (eg, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides)"/ also "http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lung-abscess" | Please add "Prevotella" to the list of anaerobes (eg, Bacteroids, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus) that can cause the lung abscess. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 08/15/17 12:53 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2600 | 646 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pancoast tumor (superior sulcus tumor) | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/284011-overview#showall | ... may cause Pancost syndrome by invading cervical sympathetic chain.. (may cause Horner's syndrome by invading cervical sympathetic chain. Or may cause Pancost syndrome by invading adjacent structures) | Minor erratum | | | | 10/28/17 7:48 AM | Obaie | Mzaik | obaie.mzaik@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2601 | 647 | Respiratory | | | Molecular | NEW FACT | (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526731/) has the most updated info regarding molecular genetics of SCLC. | Uworld has asked N-myc with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The literature states that small cell carcinoma of the lung can exhibit any of these 3 gene disorders, but most commonly L-myc & N-myc. Check out FA page 230 (2016) A 2015 article (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526731/) has the most updated info regarding molecular genetics of SCLC. "Amplification or transcriptional up-regulation of one of the MYC proto-oncogenes—MYC, MYCN, orMYCL—has been identified in 20%–30% of SCLC cases (Kiefer et al. 1987; Krystal et al. 1988). The MYC family proteins are transcriptional activators able to drive the expression of a wide variety of genes that contribute to cell cycle progression and developmental regulation (Grandori and Eisenman 1997). Amplification of the three MYC genes is mutually exclusive, suggesting that the capacity to drive SCLC development is shared between the family members even though activation of the individual genes seems to result in quite distinct patterns of expression (Kim et al. 2006). The exact mechanism of MYC-mediated transformation in SCLC cells is not completely understood. MYC has been implicated in the control of pluripotency, self-renewal, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, processes that are strongly implicated in cellular transformation (Chappell and Dalton 2013). Analysis of mouse models of SCLC with targeted MYC overexpression can help to dissect its function further." | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. FA 2017 says "Amplification of myc oncogenes common." Rachel K | Reject. Agree with Rachel. -Jesse | Looks like we already mention myc as per the authors, thus, no change needed. The subtypes of myc are likely beyond scope, and I would be hesitant to add them in for that reason at this time. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/16/17 8:41 PM | eli | naghdi | elinaghdi@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2602 | 647 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Lung cancer | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847484/ | You forget to add that large cell carcinoma can secrete beta-HCG. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. The fact is true but only described in a handful of case reports. That makes it likely too low-yield for FA. Joe M | Reject. Agree with Joe and hope Step 1 never gets esoteric enough to quiz students on case reports. -Jesse | Per authors, we will reject this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/22/17 2:50 PM | Emily | John | emilyjean000@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2603 | 647 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Lung cancer | First Aid Respiratory Pathology | Small Cell Lung Cancer Paraneoplastic Syndromes CCLOSE. Cushings, Cerebellar degeneration, Lambert Eaton, Opsoclonus Myoclonus, SIADH, Encephalomyelitis | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not sure how I feel about this one. Although I kinda feel like pointing out the A's with red is a strong mnemonic I don't feel like this one is very good especially with the long list of "SPHERE" complications listed right above it.- -Rachel K. | | | | 04/14/17 1:30 PM | Matthew | Culbert | matthew.m.culbert@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2604 | 647 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Lung cancer | First Aid 2017 page 217-218; http://www.euroimmun.ch/uploads/media/FA_1111_I_UK_A09_.pdf | Antibodies against HU ANTIGEN in neurons leads to paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and subacute cerebellar degeneration. Also in small cell carcinoma of lung Amplication of L-myc oncogene common. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 05/09/17 12:30 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2605 | 647 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Lung cancer | UWorld | Small Cell Carcinoma: Antibodies [anti-yo, anti-p/q, anti-hu] against purkinje neurons causing subacute cerebellar degeneration | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/18/17 5:39 PM | Jonathan | Lieberman | jonathanliebs@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2606 | 647 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Lung cancer | Page 323 of First Aid 2017 edition, Etiology of Cushing syndrome | In the paragraph related to "Bronchial carcinoid tumor", please add "Also may produce ACTH" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/22/17 1:57 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2607 | 647 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Lung cancer | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1321306 ,, https://www.verywell.com/large-cell-carcinoma-of-the-lungs-2249356 | maybe it's not a high yield topic but I found like 2 or 3 questions asked about it and maybe it's the only question related to it, it's about large cell carcinoma and its association with gynecomastia ( due to production of beta-HCG ) it's maybe like a buzzword, Lung cancer + gynecomastia = large cell carcinoma , I know you removed that large cell carcinoma can produce B-HCG from the latest edition because it's not high yield enough but maybe you can add that its associated with gynecomastia ( Large cell = Large breast ), so maybe it will help some students when facing this type of question | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/31/17 5:45 AM | Rami | Arabi | romio199354@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2608 | 648 | Respiratory | | | Pharmacology | N-acetylcysteine | None | "Liquifies" should be "liquefies." | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 05/26/17 9:02 PM | Taylor | Maney | tlmaney@aol.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2609 | 648 | Respiratory | | | Pharmacology | Pulmonary hypertension drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699643/ | Pronounce SildenaFIVE to remember it inhibits PDE-5 | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 10/13/17 11:29 AM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2610 | 649 | Respiratory | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | Katzung's Pharmacology, 12th edition, chapter 20. Also; http://thorax.bmj.com/content/68/12/1105 | Chronic inhaled corticosteroid use increases the risk for osteoporosis and TB infection. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I'm inclined to reject this. The cited article is based on a case control study from South Korea, and the adjusted odds ratio, though statistically significant, is only 1.20. Furthermore, this side effect is actually not mentioned in the cited chapter of Katzung. That particular chapter discusses some adrenal suppression at high doses, but it states that "the risks of systemic toxicity from chronic use appear negligible compared to the oral corticosteroids they replace." Finally, this article contradicts this new fact and states that it is associated with an increase in TB risk on with concurrent oral corticosteroids. http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201007-1099OC - RG | Reject. Likely untrue fact as RG discussed, but even if true it is too low yield for FA, Joe M | | | | 04/26/17 10:48 AM | Felipe | Solares | filosolares@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2611 | 649 | Respiratory | | | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | Page 388 of First Aid 2017 edition, Mast cell section | Please add "Cromolyn sodium" as a drug for asthma prophylaxis that prevents mast cell degranulation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 07/21/17 4:29 PM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2612 | 649 | Respiratory | | | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | suggestion | This section discusses "asthma drugs" and neglects to mention every one that is also used in COPD. It would be helpful to create a table contrasting usage in COPD and asthma. Without a revision of this section, COPD drugs will be poorly understood. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 10/31/17 12:29 PM | Jesse | Crayle | jesse.crayle@duke.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2613 | 652 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | N/A | On page 652, the classical presentation of NF1 directs to page 505. However, page 505 only contains references to NF2. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 03/28/17 5:07 PM | Michelle | Knapp | michelle.knapp@med.wmich.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2614 | 652 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | NEW FACT | First Aid | On page 652 "bilateral acoustic schwannomas = neurofibromatosis type 2 page 56". The page that should be referenced is actually page 495 | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 07/08/17 10:47 PM | Gabrielle | Chen | xo.gabrielle@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2615 | 653 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Antianginal therapy | https://firstaidteam.com/2016/12/30/whats-new-in-first-aid-for-the-usmle-step-1-2017/ | The first fact states that "chest pain with ST depressions on EKG" corresponds to "unstable angina." When 293 is referenced, it says that stable angina can also present with ST depressions | Minor erratum | Verified | I think the way this is worded currently is fine. ST depressions - you think about 2 things and +/- trops differentiates them for mgt. I would not change. -KS | | | | 06/17/17 10:24 AM | James | Hull | hulljames6@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2616 | 653 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Sjögren syndrome | Not necessary | The fact linking to Sjogren syndrome references page 439, though page 441 is a better reference for this purpose. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 10:31 AM | Jeremy | Dick | jmy14@telus.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2617 | 653 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Herpesviruses | Not needed | The fact referring to Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8 references page 388 for clarifications when it should reference page 450. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 10:33 AM | Jeremy | Dick | jmy14@telus.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2618 | 653 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Carcinoid syndrome | Not necessary | The fact discussing carcinoid syndrome references page 362 when it should reference page 338. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 09/24/17 10:35 AM | Jeremy | Dick | jmy14@telus.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2619 | 654 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | not needed | There's a typo under "Gardner syndrome," the clinical presentation says "...impacted/sup\ernumerary teeth". The "\" character should be removed. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree with change. Should say "impacted/supernumary teeth." -KS | | | | 12/31/16 7:56 PM | Lizz | Gilmore Olson | lizzgilmore@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2620 | 654 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | FA 2017 | check formatting error in pic | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | 01/06/17 7:43 AM | Anup | Chalise | xavierian863_ac@live.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2621 | 654 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | The page reference for Pompe disease is incorrect. It is on page 83, not page 46. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree with change. Page listed should be changed to 83. KS | agree, change to 83. RAG | Yes, correct, somehow the tag we made for it must have been displaced. Let's recreate the link on Annotate. -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/13/17 8:38 PM | Philip | Skummer | pts37@cornell.edu | | | |||||||||||
| 2622 | 655 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | none needed | The fanconi syndrome should reference to page 556 as it is currently referencing fanconi anemia. The fact is correct but the reference page is not. May also consider adding clarification to future editions that the two are different disorders | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree to change page number for Fanconi syndrome to pg. 562 instead of pg. 399 I also got confused when I initially learned about Fanconi syndrome vs anemia and had them combined...however the way we reference them now in the text is accurate/appropriate. -KS | | | | 04/26/17 3:49 PM | Laura | Szczesniak | lauramszczesniak@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2623 | 655 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | N/A since this is a page number error | In the text, the page number reference for Fanconi syndrome leads to Fanconi anemia. Fanconi syndrome is on page 556, not page 399. This should be corrected since Fanconi anemia should not be confused with Fanconi syndrome. | Minor erratum | Verified | agree with this. RAG | Agree. Also not sure which one came first - the suggestion above this one or this one! -KS | | | | 06/28/17 12:02 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2624 | 656 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | N/A | Under the clinical presentation of "Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys" the same page number is repeated (57 57) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | simple edit, please remove. RAG | Agree to remove. KS | | | | 01/31/17 7:58 PM | Spencer | Brodsky | sbrodsky@gwu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2625 | 656 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | N/A this is a page number clarification | The page # reference for whipple disease should be 364, not 122. 364 is an actual description of the disease. 122 just refers to the staining used for it. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree with this. Change page number to 364. -KS | agreed, change to 364. RAG | | | | 06/28/17 12:15 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2626 | 658 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rabies virus | None | In row #20, 1st column, it should read… “Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons”. This is a change of word order and syntax, so it will match rows # 17 & 18 and be more useful as a memory tool and to note the difference between the three rows (17,18,20), that share similar concepts (“Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion”…). Since this section is in alphabetical order, with this change, each of these rows will follow each other. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 06/13/17 4:46 PM | Lorelle | Lopez Mancebo | lorylopezm@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2627 | 658 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | N/A this is a page number clarification | Under "decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum -> Down Syndrome", the page number should read 220 or 59. The current page number listed "598" has nothing to do with AFP in down syndrome. | Minor erratum | Verified | I think the page number should be changed to 59. 220 talks about other things that increase AFP other than Down syndrome too. KS. | agree with first suggestion, change to 59. RAG | | | | 06/28/17 12:31 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2628 | 658 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | N/A this is a page number clarification | Degeneration of dorsal column fibers should have page 500 listed in addition to page 143. Pg 500 refers directly to the dorsal column fiber degeneration (and other conditions you can also see this degeneration in) whereas page 143 is just broadly describing syphilis. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree that page 500 should be listed since it covers both conditions there. KS. | agree, please list 500. RAG | | | | 06/28/17 12:34 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2629 | 659 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Vasculitides | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/240556-overview#showall | Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis mentions Goodpasteurs syndrome as one of the diagnoses/diseases. Goodpasteurs does not have this feature at all, and should be removed from this column. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Remove "Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)". - TD | yes, need to remove GP. RAG | | | | 05/17/17 12:50 PM | Saran | Somarajan Pillai | dr.saran.soman@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2630 | 659 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | N/A this is a page number clarification | "Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTS and vasculitis) -> Trousseau syndrome" should have the lab/diagnostic finding text changed to "Migratory thrombophlebitis" since hypercoagulability is associated with a myriad of conditions listed on page 406. It's not an accurate rapid association if it's left as "hypercoagulability" | Clarification to current text | Verified | this is a good idea to add. RAG | | | | 06/28/17 12:40 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2631 | 659 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | FA pg 398 | Under "hypersegmented neutrophils -> megaloblastic anemia", orotic aciduria should be listed, in addition to b12 or folate deficiency. While orotic aciduria is not common, it is on uworld many times, and is a easily forgotten cause of megaloblastic anemia. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I would not include orotic aciduria in the Rapid Review section. It has been mentioned in the Heme/Onc chapter already, so I think repeating a relatively LY topic in RR section might not be required. - TD | | | | 06/28/17 12:44 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2632 | 660 | Rapid Review | | | Miscellaneous | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | first aid | The page number associated with Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis) should be 412 not 411 | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree with this change. KS | simple edit, RAG | | | | 04/19/17 5:48 PM | Elliot | Levie | Elliotlevie@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2633 | 661 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | not needed | Redunancy: Last entry to lab/diagnostic findings is "yellowish CSF" - should be combined with "bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture" on p. 657 | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree with Scott's comment. Exclude fact on pg 661 and replaced with "Bloody or yellow CSF tap on lumbar puncture" on pg 657 - TD | I disagree - the definition for xanthochromia is yellowish CSF, not bloody CSF. These are two separate things. Bloody taps are highly associated with HSV so not necessarily pathognomonic and I wouldn't want to confuse students by a RR fact. If consensus is to make edit then maybe word as column 1: Yellowish or bloody CSF on LP column 2: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (xanthochromia, +RBCs) -KS | | | | 12/31/16 12:55 PM | Brielle | Gerry | bvg6er@virginia.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2634 | 661 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Chlamydiae | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chlamydia-trachomatis-infections-in-the-newborn#H23 | Erythromycin eye drops are effective for N. gonorrhea opthalmia neonatorum, but not for C. trachomatis ophthalmia neonatorum. Oral administration needed. | Minor erratum | Verified | good edit. RAG | Agree this needs to be changed. Suggest: "Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection, treat pregnant mother to prophylax neonatal conjunctivitis), oral erythromycin (treat neonatal conjunctivitis)." -KS | | | | 04/17/17 11:51 AM | David E. | Ruckle | druckle@llu.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2635 | 661 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Bipolar disorder (manic depression) | Page 531 of First Aid 2017 edition, Bipolar disorder, "Treatment: mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine), atypical antipsychotics." | Please also add "lamotrigine" as a mood stabilizers that used for bipolar disorder treatment. | Clarification to current text | | | | 10/20/17 7:59 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2636 | 661 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Hepatitis C therapy | Page 200 of First Aid 2017 edition, Hepatitis C therapy, "combination with ribavirin, simeprevir, ledipasvir (NS5A inhibitor), +/– peginterferon alfa." | Please also add "ledipasvir" as an important drug that has been used for HCV treatment. | Clarification to current text | | | | 10/20/17 8:32 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2637 | 662 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | first Aid 2017 page 149 Cryptococcus Neoformans infection | For cryptococcal infection ideal treatment is Amphotericin B + Flucytosine followed by fluconazole and better reference page should be 149 instead of 195. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree - TD | good change, agree. RAG | | | | 05/08/17 12:41 AM | Jayesh | Patel | Jayesh2247@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2638 | 662 | Rapid Review | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | N/A | For Migraines, it lists page p504, but it is actually p516 | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I actually think it should be pg 488, not pg 516 since 516 just has sumatriptan. 588 includes both abortive and ppx. KS | | | | 05/23/17 11:26 PM | Michael P. | Lee | leemp@evms.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2639 | 662 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | FA pg 138 | It would be more appropriate to add amoxicillin +/- clavulanate or ceftriaxone as common treatments for Haemophilus influenzae | Clarification to current text | Verified | It would be good to add amoxicillin/clavulanate or treatment as treatment. However, rifampin should still be included as prophylaxis for H. influenzae. - TD | | | | 06/28/17 1:28 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2640 | 664 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/treatment.htm | The common treatment for Treponem pallidum should be Penicillin G. It is clinically important to distinguish penicillin G from penicillin V for the treatment of syphilis since the treatment is always penicillin G | Clarification to current text | Verified | Scott makes a good point. Agree. - TD | simple but really important change. RAG | | | | 06/28/17 1:40 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2641 | 665 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/data.html | "heart murmur, congenital -> Mitral valve prolapse" is misleading. The most common congenital heart murmur is a VSD (FA pg 279 or look at link below). Mitral valve prolapse is only heard if the pt has marfans (FA 290). It's not a common congenital heart defect. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree with Scott. "Heart murmur with a mid systolic click" might be a better way to enlist this fact in the RR section. - TD | Agree that I wouldn't have guess congenital heart defect to be MVP. Could word "Heart murmur with mid-systolic click, associated with connective tissue diseases." Also, consider swapping "Mitral valve prolapse" in 1st column instead of 2nd - the description would be too long for first column. KS | | | | 06/28/17 1:58 PM | Serena | Liu | liuseren@usc.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2642 | 666 | Rapid Review | | | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cystine-stones#H193492902 | Kidney Stones: Cystine = RADIOPAQUE | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. - TD | agreed, please change. RAG | | | | 06/07/17 12:46 PM | Michael P. | Lee | leemp@evms.edu | | | |||||||||||||
| 2643 | 667 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | Nephrotic syndrome | https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-adults | Currently, the overall most common nephrotic syndrome in adults is focal segmental glomerulonephritis, not membranous nephropathy. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | I believe this was discussed already in depth on annotate and resolved. -KS | | | | 07/27/17 5:56 PM | Mark | Unciano | unciano2@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2644 | 669 | Rapid Review | | | Rapid Review | NEW FACT | First aid p. 248 | Odds ratio (for case-control studies) OR = (a/b)/(c/d) = ad/bc. While the current text ends up with a correct final answer, it isn't the true definition of an odds ratio. | Minor erratum | Verified | good catch, please edit. RAG | | | | 04/25/17 9:55 AM | Kaitlin | Leopold | knleopold@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2645 | 669 | Rapid Review | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Observational studies | FA 2017 | The odds ratio in the "Equation Review" section differs from the equation given on the referenced page (pg. 248) | Major erratum | Verified | good catch, please edit. RAG | | | | 06/01/17 11:14 PM | Michael | Winter | mowin90@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2646 | 669 | Rapid Review | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Statistical distribution | First Aid bio-statistics section | Odds Ratio formula incorrect | Major erratum | Verified | good catch, please edit. RAG | | | | 07/07/17 5:19 PM | Somil | Chheda | somil92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2647 | 674 | Section IV Top-Rated Review Resources | | | Section IV Top-Rated Review Resources | Section IV Top-Rated Review Resources | N/a | Murmur Pro is an excellent app to learn heart sounds. The quiz feature specifically makes it quick and easy to learn heart murmurs. The app costs $3. I would give this app an A grade. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 06/24/17 4:39 PM | Derek | Scherbel | dxs790@med.miami.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2648 | 681 | Abbreviations and Symbols | | | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | no reference | There is no entry for "BBB" mentioned in page 417 | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | No ref to BBB on page 417 | | | | 02/10/17 5:32 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2649 | 681 | Abbreviations and Symbols | | | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | n/a | Abbreviation for androgen-binding protein is listed but the abbreviation is not used anywhere in the book. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | ADDED TO ANNOTATE | | | | 03/01/17 5:35 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2650 | 684 | Abbreviations and Symbols | | | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | no reference | There is no entry for "GNAQ" mentioned in page 495. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | I dont think we want to define every gene in this list | | | | 02/09/17 10:26 PM | Josefina Fernandez | Josefina Fernandez | jofework@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2651 | 684 | Abbreviations and Symbols | | | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 8 ed by Kumar V et al (2010) Page 48; also on https://www.uptodate.com/contents/leukocyte-adhesion-deficiency?source=search_result&search=intercellular%20adhesion%20molecule&selectedTitle=4~115 | ICAM is intercellular adhesion molecule, not intracellular adhesion molecule as stated in the text | Clarification to current text | Staff accepts | ADDED TO ANNOTATE | | | | 04/24/17 11:52 PM | Terumbur | Abwa | terumbur@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2652 | 686 | Abbreviations and Symbols | | | Abbreviations and Symbols | Acetylcholine receptors | N(M) is said to stand for "muscarinic Ach receptor in neuromuscular junction," but clearly it is a *nicotinic* receptor. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 01/03/17 5:17 AM | Gracie | Tewkesbury | gtewkesbury@me.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2653 | 712 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | First Aid Page 520 | First column, last line - spelling mistake under Acute Pulmonary Edema "Opiod analgesics" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/21/17 1:15 PM | Lee | Weber | lew10@med.fsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2654 | 717 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Pages 612 and 717 of First Aid 2017 edition | On page 717 the reference for "Asherman syndrome does not include page 612, where it is actually discussed as an endometrial condition | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 02/21/17 1:50 PM | Stefan | Litzenberger | Slitzenberger@pnwu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2655 | 717 | Index | | | Index | Syphilis | dictionary.com/browse/syphilis | Under ataxia, syphilis is misspelled with two L's. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/29/17 3:22 PM | David | Petrover | petrover@mail.einstein.yu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2656 | 717 | Index | | | Index | Asthma drugs | Page 649 of First Aid 2017 edition | The index for "cromolyn sodium" routes to page 649, but the drug has not been mentioned in this page. It seems that you should add cromolyn sodium as the drug for asthma to Page 649. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 07/21/17 4:40 PM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2657 | 719 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/975276-clinical#showall | Beta-glucoronidase should be changed to the correct spelling beta-glucuronidase. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree! -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/26/16 9:03 PM | Ilya | Gutman | Ilya.gutman2@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2658 | 719 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | n/a | Under Bladder, it says "female anatomyh" -- typo of an h at the end. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | INDEX | | | | 05/05/17 8:55 PM | Niaree | Davis | niaree.davis@utah.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2659 | 720 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | There is no mention of bretylium on pg. 231, as noted in the index. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/18/17 3:57 AM | Noah | Lubin | noah_lubin@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2660 | 722 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | N/A | In the index (page 722), caudal regression syndrome is incorrectly listed as caudal regression SYSTEM. "System" should be changed to "syndrome." | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 03/31/17 11:41 AM | Zachary | Britstone | zbritstone@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2661 | 723 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | "Centromere "is incorrectly spelled as "Centromer". | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/28/16 2:47 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2662 | 723 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Not needed | on p. 163, Chikungunya is listed under the togaviruses but there is no entry for Chikungunya in the index. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/02/17 7:59 PM | Laurel | Mast | mastl@ohsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2663 | 723 | Index | | | Index | Cephalosporins (generations I-V) | None | Under Cephalosporins in the index, it is mispelled "Disulfram" instead of "Disulfiram." | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 02/26/17 1:03 PM | Milton | Shapiro | milton.shapiro@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2664 | 724 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | Clara cell is mentioned in page 627 and 628 in index . But, it is only present in 628. I think, it is replaced by its new name ," club cells" in page 627. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/27/16 3:36 PM | Anisha | Adhikari | aneeshameet@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2665 | 724 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | There's an index entry for "CKK hormone" that points to page 325. Page 325 has no mention of "CKK" hormone, which doesn't exist, nor "CCK" hormone. Consider removing this incorrect index entry. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/31/16 11:04 PM | Lizz | Gilmore Olson | lizzgilmore@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2666 | 730 | Index | | | Index | Drug reactions—hematologic | FA2017 | DRESS (drug reaction w/ eosinophilia & systemic Sx) syndrome is described on pg. 241 in the Pharmacology chapter ("Drug reactions-hematologic" section), but the Index only lists "DRESS syndrome" as appearing on 514, the list of anticonvulsant drugs in the Neurology chapter. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 02/21/17 11:11 AM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2667 | 731 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | peripheral is misspelled as "pepripheral" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/01/17 11:55 PM | Lance | Alquran | lancealquran@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2668 | 731 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Not needed | Peripheral is misspelled as "pepripheral" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/02/17 12:55 AM | Kavya | Sinha | k.sinha1@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2669 | 732 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/tarceva-erlotinib-342270 | "erlotinib" is misspelled as " eriotinib" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Spelling is incorrect on both p732 and p747, should fix when indexing next year -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 12/27/16 2:56 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2670 | 733 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/zarontin-ethosuximide-343007 | "ethosuximide" is misspelled as " ethosuxamide" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/27/16 3:09 PM | Anisha | Adhikari | aneeshameet@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2671 | 735 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | Focal neurological defitics pituitary adenoma "defitics" is spelled incorrectly. It should be "deficits" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/02/17 12:17 AM | Lance | Alquran | lancealquran@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2672 | 737 | Index | | | Index | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | n/a | Grapefruit juice and cytochrome P-450 reference removed from page 243 but is still present in the index | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 01/09/17 6:47 PM | Latrice | Hogue | soulfine@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2673 | 738 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/zarontin-ethosuximide-343007 | Under headaches ,"ethosuximide" is mentioned as " ethosuxamide"( wrong spelling) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/27/16 3:22 PM | Paritosh | Prasai | paritosh120@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2674 | 739 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | There is no mention of hemicholinium on pg. 231, as noted in the index. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/18/17 3:51 AM | Noah | Lubin | noah_lubin@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2675 | 741 | Index | | | Index | NEW FACT | N/a | There is a reference to Homan sign on p. 636 which does not exist in the text | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 01/07/17 10:06 PM | Shari | Hafner | shari.hafner@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2676 | 741 | Index | | | Index | Thrombogenesis | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/390377 | "Homan sign" is incorrect spelling; "Homans sign/Homans' sign" is correct one. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/20/17 2:52 PM | Sergii | Kondrachuk | sergii.kondrachuk@mail.ru | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2677 | 742 | Index | | | Index | Cardiomyopathies | None needed | There are two entries for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the index. However, the second is misspelled as "HypertroPic Cardiomyopathy." The spelling mistake should be corrected and the items under this heading should be merged. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/19/17 2:20 PM | Cara | Borelli | cborelli@wellesley.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2678 | 744 | Index | | | Index | Insulin | FA 2017 PG 314 | Insulin production of should be page 314, not page 313. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 01/28/17 4:38 AM | Sunober | Siddiqi | Sunosid786@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2679 | 750 | Microbiology | | | Pharmacology | Penicillinase-resistant penicillins | first aid 2016/2017 | the index on page 750 (methicillin 240) is for first aid 2016. I have found several such minor incidents within the index. yes i do look at the index | Spelling/formatting | No methicillin listed in microbiology chapter. 2018 version has methicillin 244 only. No change required I believe. -EP | | | | 08/12/17 4:31 AM | Joy | Badaoui | jsb10@mail.aub.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2680 | 750 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | There is no mention of metyrosine on pg. 231, as noted in the index | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/18/17 3:55 AM | Noah | Lubin | noah_lubin@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2681 | 753 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | Correction needed: Neoplasia is not present on p 204-211, but is on p 214-221 | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 01/17/17 7:45 PM | Richard | Teter | richard.teter@temple.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2682 | 753 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | Neuroleptic malignant syndrom is listed twice. Correction suggested: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) 520, 543 | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 02/01/17 2:48 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2683 | 756 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | As mentioned, P antigen is not present in page 165. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/31/16 3:36 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2684 | 756 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | It says Parinaud information can be found in pages 475 but it isn't mentioned. Add to page 475 that superior colliculi is affected in Parinaud Syndrome. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 03/01/17 7:27 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2685 | 756 | Index | | | Index | NEW FACT | See pg. 468 and 756 to see that "Papez circuit" is not included in the inde | "Papez circuit" (pg. 468) is not included in the index | Minor erratum | Verified | INDEX | | | | 05/19/17 11:54 PM | Michelle | Trieu | mtrie002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2686 | 757 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | Lung abscesses is misspelled it is spelled "abscessesy" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/01/17 10:54 PM | Lance | Alquran | dralquran@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2687 | 757 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | n/a | Index lists pernicious anemia as appearing on pg. 109 but it does not appear there. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/13/17 5:27 AM | David | Kowal | dskowal@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2688 | 759 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Not Need | In the index for "Presbycusis" routes to page 259, but the word has not been mentioned in this page. | Spelling/formatting | | | | 08/26/17 2:29 AM | Alireza | Zandifar | ar_zandifar@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2689 | 760 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Not needed | Change primary biliary cirrhosis with new nomenclature (primary biliary cholangitis) to be consistent with the rest of the book. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/31/16 11:22 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2690 | 760 | Index | | | Index | Pharmacokinetics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/propranolol-drug-information?source=see_link | Propranolol is misspelled as "Propanolol" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/22/17 1:47 PM | Eman Elzeftawy | Elzeftawy | emanelzeftawy@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2691 | 760 | Index | | | Index | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/propranolol-drug-information?source=see_link | In the middle of the second column of page 760, there is an entry for "Propanolol, 329." This is obviously incorrect since there is no drug propanolol. The entry for Propranolol is a few lines below, but oddly does not reference pages 329. So, the "Propanolol, 329" entry should be removed and page 329 should be added to the Propranolol entry. This was probably an early spelling error that got fixed in one place and not another. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 04/02/17 10:40 AM | Bengt | Grua | bgrua2015@health.fau.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2692 | 762 | Index | | | Index | Rasburicase | FA 2017 | The index says "Rasburicase" is mentioned on pg. 567, but it isn't | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 03/11/17 4:54 PM | Matthew | Lee | mdlee@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2693 | 763 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Not needed | It says "rifamixin 78" but it's rifaximin. Change to: Rifaximin 78, 374. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 02/09/17 2:24 PM | Nahimarys | Colón Hernández | ncolon@umhs-sk.net | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2694 | 763 | Index | | | Index | Retroperitoneal structures | None | The index on pg. 763 states a reference to Rett syndrome on pg. 55. This reference no longer exists and should be removed. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 03/11/17 4:48 PM | Wesley | Tang | goblinboblin@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2695 | 764 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Not needed | It mentions that there is Schwannoma at page 464, but it is not there. Although FA 2016 mentions Vestibular Shwannoma under schwann cells, it seems to have been removed in FA 2017. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/25/17 9:02 PM | Benjamin Rojas | Soosiah | r.soosiah@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2696 | 765 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | It mentions that there is 6-thioguanine at page 416, but it is not there. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/28/16 2:38 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2697 | 767 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | Not needed | Index has an entry for "Staphylococcus pneumoniae," directs to a S. pneumoniae on page 636, which is actually referring to Strep pneumo as Staph pneumo does not exist. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/02/17 7:53 PM | Laurel | Mast | mastl@ohsu.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2698 | 767 | Index | | | Index | NEW FACT | Not there | Streptozocin is listed as being present on page 418 but it is not there | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 01/14/17 6:21 AM | Rachel | Moss | rachelmoss0609@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2699 | 768 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | There is no entry for "Tarasoff decision" in page 255 as mentioned there. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/03/17 1:51 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2700 | 768 | Index | | | Index | Alveolar cell types | N/A | The entry for "surfactant" in the index only lists page 631. However, the main entry for surfactant is on page 627. This should be added to the index entry for surfactant. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 03/26/17 11:20 AM | Cara | Borelli | cborelli@wellesley.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2701 | 769 | Index | | | Index | 22q11 deletion syndromes | N/A | Index has 22q11 deletion syndromes as only being on page 61. However, it is also on page 588 | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | 01/22/17 2:54 PM | Rory | Mills | rmills27@siumed.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2702 | 772 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | In page 772, under "Urticaria", "Ethosuximide" is incorrectly spelled as" Ethosuxamide" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/29/16 6:00 PM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2703 | 773 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | There is no mention of vesamicol on pg. 231, as mentioned in the index | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 01/18/17 3:53 AM | Noah | Lubin | noah_lubin@brown.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2704 | 774 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | not needed | Under X-linked recessive disorders, "NADPH Oxidase" is incorrectly spelled as "NADPH osidase" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | 12/29/16 9:59 AM | Prashank Shree | Neupane | prashanksn@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2705 | 774 | Index | | | Index | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/paraneoplastic-cerebellar-degeneration | Yo antigen should be "anti-yo antibody" It is not an antigen but it is referring to an antibody | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 03/01/17 3:36 PM | Lance | Alquran | lancealquran@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2706 | 774 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/paraneoplastic-cerebellar-degeneration | Yo antigen should be "anti-yo antibody" It is not an antigen but it is referring to an antibody | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | 03/01/17 3:56 PM | Lance | Alquran | lancealquran@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2707 | 128 & 139 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Bordetella pertussis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2573337/ & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851156/ | It is the Adenylate Cyclase Toxin that plays a main role in inhibiting phagocytosis. Pertusis Toxin disables Gi proteins which 1) Increases intracecullar cAMP leading to issues in chemokine production and thereby chemotaxis of lymphocytes and 2) Disabling Gi-coupled chemokine receptors on lymphocytes causing lymphocytosis. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. The fact isn't claiming that pertussis toxin plays the main role in inhibiting phagocytosis, merely that pertussis toxin is an exotoxin that inhibits phagocytosis and facilitates survival of the bacteria. The adenylate cyclase toxin is also allowed to do this as well, especially if it means helping the bacteria to survive. Rachel K | Reject. Agree with Rachel's reasoning. -Connie Q | Reject, agree with authors. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 04/21/17 6:13 AM | Sarina | Bang | Sarinabang88@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2708 | 137 of 2016 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | Opportunistic fungal infections | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/images/ID/66476/Rhizopus_hyphae_lung_tissue.jpg | For Mucor and Rhizopus, the photo (letter H) shows hyphae with obtuse angles (> 120) and in the text states "hyphae branching at wide angles". Mucor and Rhizopus hyphae have branch angles of approximately 90 degrees which appear more like photo letter D. | Major erratum | Staff rejects | Wrong edition | | | | 05/12/17 5:16 PM | Mason | Rau | mrau2@lsuhsc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2709 | 146 (2016) | Microbiology | | | Virology | Viral vaccines | none needed. mneumonic | Sabin (Live) vs Salk (Killed). "Sabin lives"- like "Saving lives" | Mnemonic | Verified | Seems to have a stronger memory hook than Salk=Killed. I think it's worthy of accepting. Sabin lives = live vaccine -Rachel K. | | | | 05/19/17 12:15 PM | Maziar | Nourian | maziarnourian@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2710 | 370-372 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Colonic polyps | Robbins Basic Pathology, Tenth Edition Kumar, Vinay, MBBS, MD, FRCPath; Abbas, Abul K., MBBS; Aster, Jon C., MD, PhD | Although the definitions of Adenomatous and serrated polyps and their associations with malignancies (FAP/ Lynch syndrome) are technically correct but not completely accurate. They rather should be classified under adenomas. Adenomas : The most common neoplastic polyps are colonic adenomas, Typical adenomas can be pedunculated or sessile, with the surface of both types having a texture resembling velvet or a raspberry. Adenomas can be classified as tubular, tubulovillous, or villous. These categories, however, have little clinical significance in isolation. villous adenomas, often larger and sessile, covered by slender villi. Although foci of invasion are more frequent in villous adenomas than in tubular adenomas, villous architecture alone does not increase cancer risk when polyp size is considered. Size is the most important characteristic that correlates with risk for malignancy, in adition to degree of dysplasia. Colorectal adenomas are characterized by the presence of epithelial dysplasia. cytologic hallmark of epithelial dysplasia is nuclear hyperchromasia, elongation, and (pseudo)stratification. The histologic features of sessile serrated adenoma, overlap with those of hyperplastic polyps and lack typical cytologic features of dysplasia. most common in the right colon. The most useful histologic feature that distinguishes sessile serrated adenomas from hyperplastic polyps is the presence of serrated architecture throughout the full length of the glands (crypt base). Subsequently, under the Familial syndromes, it can be indicated that FAP which is caused by APC mutation is histologically Tubular, villous (typical)adenocarcinoma. Whereas, Lynch syndrome associated with Microsatellite instability is histologically Sessile serrated adenoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma. Or It can be indicated under molecular pathogenesis: Adenoma-carcinoma sequence (APC/Beta-catenin/WNT): FAP and 80% of sporadic colon tumors are caused by this pathway, with characteristic histology of Tubular, villous (typical)adenocarcinoma. 5. Microsatellite Instability pathway (MSH2, MLH1, or CPG island Hypermethylation phenotype (CIMP)):Lynch syndrome and 20% of sporadic tumors are caused by this pathway, with characteristic histology of Sessile serrated adenoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma. CIMP is a subset of Microsatellite instability WITHOUT mismatch repair enzyme mutation. Also under Turcot: Two-thirds of patients with Turcot syndrome have APC gene mutations and develop medulloblastomas. The remaining one-third have mutations in one of several genes involved in DNA repair and develop glioblastomas. | Clarification to current text | | | | 09/22/17 5:15 PM | Sadjjad | Riyahi-Alam | sadjad.riahi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2711 | 416 (2016 ed.) | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy | Knee exam | na | McMurray likes LIME (Lateral meniscal tear=Internal rotation, Medial meniscal tear=External rotation) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/07/17 1:25 PM | Jenny | Jan | jjan@med.wayne.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2712 | 49 (2016 edition) | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Nucleotides | n/a | pYrimidines = cYtosine, thYmine/uracil | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | Wrong edition | | | | 05/09/17 1:52 PM | Jenny | Jan | jennyjan91@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2713 | 501 (2016 edition) | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Barbiturates | n/a | BARB Drives her BENZ FREQuently (BARBiturates increase Duration of Cl- channel opening; BENZOdiazepines increase FREQuency) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 05/14/17 11:17 AM | Jenny | Jan | jennyjan91@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2714 | 59 (2016 ed.) | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Cell trafficking | n/a | COPI and COPII " 1 step BACK and 2 steps FORWARD" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 06/16/17 8:09 AM | Jenny | Jan | jjan@med.wayne.edu | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2715 | 610-11 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255771-overview | Ovarian neoplasms should be organized by their classification (surface epithelium, germ cell, sex cord stromal tissue) rather than benign/malignant | Clarification to current text | | | | 09/15/17 4:48 PM | Eric | Sánchez | ericsanchezm@icloud.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2716 | 91-118 and 203-222 | Immunology | | | Inflammation | NEW FACT | This is just a suggestion for text organization, no citations necessary. Using FA as a primary resource for these sections was difficult. | Please combine- or at least reorganize the immunology and pathology sections. The way the 2017 text is organized is very confusing, and it takes an incredibly frustrating amount of time (as well as mechanical wear and tear on the book) to flip back and forth across looking for topics that are heavily integrated. For example: Inflammation is dispersed across both sections, with pathology covering a brief overview (on page 207) of acute and chronic inflammation, pg 209 talking about leukocyte transmigration, and pg 211 healing, and granulomatous diseases, but oxidative burst, cytokines, and immunodeficiencies (such as Chronic Granulomatous Disease) are 100 pages before. While integrating these sections would not be perfect, and I understand that the separation offers additional subject-defined clarity, in order to better grasp these concepts, students flip back and forth over and over, making it extremely difficult to get a streamlined approach to processes like acute inflammation and the healing response. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Moving to Basecamp for discussion -AZ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 05/02/17 11:12 AM | Alexandra | Handy | alexandra.e.handy@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2717 | FA 2017: Page #239 & 226 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Tricyclic antidepressants | http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/s/SodiumBicarbonateinjAFT.pdf, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819204-treatment, | TCA: NaHCO3 (treatment), but on Page. 226 states: weak bases like TCA treat with ammonium chloride | Clarification to current text | This issue has already been addressed. -Vasily | Already addressed as per Vasily. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 07/31/17 7:08 AM | Camellia | Srikanthan | camellia.srikanthan@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||
| 2718 | N/A | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Parkinson disease drugs | Textbook of Basic & Clinical Pharmcaology, 12th edition, Bertram G. Katzung | Tolcapone: Toxic to liver | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too tenuous. -AM | | | | 05/24/17 3:48 PM | Sudhakar | Pemminati | pemmineti@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2719 | N/A | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | Textbook of Basic & Clinical Pharmcaology, 12th edition, Bertram G. Katzung | Topiramate- Toxic to Renal | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Too tenuous. -AM | | | | 05/24/17 4:44 PM | Sudhakar | Pemminati | pemmineti@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2720 | N/A | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Tricyclic antidepressants | Textbook of Basic & Clinical Pharmcaology, 12th edition, Bertram G. Katzung | Amitriptyline | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not even sure what the mnemonic is. -AM | | | | 05/24/17 4:50 PM | Sudhakar | Pemminati | pemmineti@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2721 | N/A | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Drug names | Textbook of Basic & Clinical Pharmcaology, 12th edition, Bertram G. Katzung | Dimercaprol- antidote for mercury poisoning, arsenic poisoning, Lead poisoning. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not sure what the mnemonic is. -AM | | | | 05/24/17 4:54 PM | Sudhakar | Pemminati | pemmineti@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||
| 2722 | o | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Clinical trial | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-label_trial | randomized controlled trial can be opposed to open-labeled trial/study in which both doctors and patients know the drug given which is given to all patients..it was asked in some qbanks and i think it is worth knowing....it can added between brackets(RCT vs open-label trial/study)...kindly check the wikipedia link | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I vote reject. I haven't really heard of this term much and don't think it ever came up in my own Step 1 studying. Also the term is kind of self-explanatory (open-label). - Isabella Wu | Reject for several reasons. Firstly, open-label would be opposed to blinded, not opposed to randomized control trial. You can have an open-lab randomized control trial. Secondly, this fact is self-evident given the well-worded "open-label." Thirdly, we already note that double blind is not the only option out there because we say trials can be IMPROVED with double blinding. It is easy to understand that trials would not be improved if they are not blinded (aka open-label). -Matt D | While the submission mentioned that this concept is "in qbanks," the only citation given is wikipedia. I'm inclined to agree with Isabella here to reject. Will await a 2nd author comment before making final decision. -AZ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 01/30/17 4:57 PM | Manjy | Hallak | drmanjyhallak@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||
| 2723 | p. 144 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Gardnerella vaginalis | My idea | Amin's Wife doesn't have a Clue, why a Gray Veggie Garden has a fishy smell near the Clean Metro station on 45th street. Transcript: Amin's wife - Amine whiff test; Clue - clue cells; Gray Veggie Garden - gray vaginal discharge and Gardnerella vaginalis; Clean Metro Station - clindamycin and metronidazole; on 45th street - pH > 4.5 | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/28/17 7:00 PM | Anton | Shkundin | anton7777@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2724 | p. 374 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Alcoholic liver disease | My idea | AST > ALT (Spirit) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 07/27/17 10:54 AM | Anton | S. | anton7777@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2725 | P.435 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Systems | Achondroplasia | Firstaid2016/https://radiopaedia.org/articles/achondroplasia | Membronous ossification /not/ affected in second line | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/25/17 11:54 AM | Mahmoud | Elmahdy | Mahmoud.emad128@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2726 | page 36 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Lac operon | Mark's Basic Medical Biochemistry fourth edition pages 267-269 | In the figures for the lac operon on the right side of the page, the figure before the last one is not entirely accurate. In this figure sugar is low and lactose is unavailable. It says that the Lac genes are not expressed. BUT even in the absence of lactose, there is basal expression of lac operon so that when lactose becomes present, there is SOME beta galactosidase enzymes to metabolize it to allolactose, which will subsequently induce the lac operon. How else are we going to get allolactose. Glucose inhibits the expression of the operon, but in this case, glucose levels are low. | Minor erratum | We should say that "Lac genes are repressed" -SM | | | | 08/28/17 12:32 PM | Hadil | Zureigat | hadilzuri@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2727 | unknown | Microbiology | | | Virology | HIV | https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/AdultOITablesOnly.pdf, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/preventing-opportunistic-infections-in-hiv-beyond-the-basics | AIDS Defining Opportunistic Infections categorized by CD 4 cut offs: 1) CD4 < 200 P – PCP Pneumonia, C – Cryptosporidium/Coccidioidomycosis P – PML 2) CD4 <100 T – Toxoplasmosis H – Histoplasmosis E – Esophageal Candida (can occur at higher CD 4 counts as well) 3) CD4 <50 M – MAC C – CMV Retinitis C – Cryptococcus Neoformans (can occur at higher CD 4 cut offs as well) Mnemonic=“PCP is not THE MCC of pneumonia in HIV” where MCC stands for Most Common Cause (Strep Pneumo is the MCC of pneumonia in HIV) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | 08/16/17 4:05 PM | Aamir | Kazi | aamir.kazi.91@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2728 | xix | Index | | | Index | NEW FACT | https://sakuraofamerica.com/pen-archival | For Annotation: I felt the "Pigma Micron 005" pen is a better option. I have been using it since the past 1 and half years to annotate the book. They come in variety of colours. The pen is amazingly smooth and lightweight. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | 04/24/17 6:25 AM | Venkat Akhilesh | Thota | venkatakhilesh@yahoo.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2729 | xx | Section I Supplement (on FA Team blog) | | | Cellular | Lab values in anemia | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resuscitation.2010.08.015 | I was just glancing through the first few pages of FA 2017 , and there on page xx I found one thing which was quite different from what I know, so I checked the internet and found it unusual. It's regarding the serum reference range of Magnesium, Mg. You have not provided range or any sort and mentioned it 1.5 meq/L whereas it should have been, between 1.7–2.2 mg, (unfortunately I can't even choose that page or topic from the options you have provided here, so I choosed anything) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | 04/24/17 2:34 AM | Joe | Buddha | joebuddhahockeyace@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2730 | Pharmacology | | | Autonomic Drugs | NEW FACT | http://reference.medscape.com/refarticle-srch/2172220-overview | This diagram is helpful for quickly solving questions involving direct and indirect vasopressor/autonomic reflex effects on vasculature, heart rate and blood pressure. Specifically, this diagram is helpful for solving higher order questions requiring the examiner to figure out what the unknown drug is when given a chart of the control effects vs the pre-treatment effects of other drugs (i.e. pretreatment with a ganglion blocker, atropine, beta blocker etc. and the resulting effect of the drug. This is usually in the format of a chart with a series of drug names and arrows indicating increase or decrease in HR or BP). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Interesting suggestion. Personally, I do not find the proposed diagram very intuitive. I don't think it adds anything new to the already very detailed diagrams in this chapter. However, I'd be interested to hear what others think. - Sarah | The diagram is not intuitive. Reject. -Vasily | Have to agree, it's a tougher than average diagram to interpret and I do not believe it will add much of substance to the chapter. Since there is low author interest, I too am in favor of rejecting. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/06/17 8:55 PM | Derek | Baughman | baughman.derek@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||
| 2731 | Renal | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/urethral-caruncle | A urethral caruncle is a benign fleshy outgrowth at the urethral meatus; appears as a soft pink or red, sessile or pedunculated, polyploid nodule protruding from a segment of the urethral meatus; most common lesion of the female urethra, occurring primarily in postmenopausal women; Estrogen deficiency after menopause results in atrophy of the uroepithelium | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | - Reject - Probably low yield. Goljan and Robbins & Cotran mention it briefly. I couldn’t find it in Pathoma or Robbins Basic pathology. -Majed | Disagree. I don't think I saw this topic in question banks or on NBME's. I may have had a question studying during M3 but don't think it's HY enough to add. Google searching for NBME threads on the topic got no hits. - KS | Agree with authors, reject. -YC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | 03/19/17 4:15 PM | Michelle | Trieu | mtrie002@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||
| 2732 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | Herpesviruses | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3067948/, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/795486 | In the HSV2 entry, change "sacral ganglia" with "sacral dorsal root ganglia". Because the term sacral ganglia also includes the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. These ganglia can also be infected, but are not quite as important. | Clarification to current text | Agree with clarification to "sacral DRG" -EP | | | | 11/02/17 8:06 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2733 | 57 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | X-linked recessive disorders | This mnemonic is uneccesarily offensive when there is a better word out there. Myself and my colleagues all agreed it was unfairly sexist. | Change offensive mnemonic to: Replace "oblivious" with "opposed" | Mnemonic | | | | 11/02/17 2:28 PM | Bani | Badwal | Banibdwl@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2734 | 355 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Inguinal canal | N/A | Borders of the Inguinal Triangle – "RAs are EVIL": Rectus Abdominis, Epigastric Vessels, Inguinal Ligament) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/02/17 9:53 PM | Byrd | Nichols | byrd_nichols@med.unc.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2735 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin | first aid | REPETITION under low molecular weight heparins: (Have better bioavailability and 2-4X longer half life) | Spelling/formatting | | | | 11/03/17 10:59 AM | sadaf | younis | sadaf3219@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2736 | 132 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | medbullets, student consult microbiology and immunology, other FA sections | list "pyogenic" as an immediate reaction mediated by macrophages and neutrophils. List "toxigenic" as a 1-2 day reaction mediated by t cell lymphocytes and cytokines. List "immunogenic" as a 1-2 week reaction mediated by antibodies to M proteins. | High-yield addition to next year | Agree with clarification. Can consider adding change similar to the following: *Pyogenic - immediate, macrophage-mediated ... *Toxigenic - 1-2 days, T-cell-mediated... *Immunogenic - 1-2 weeks, M-protein Ab-mediated... -EP | | | | 11/03/17 4:26 PM | Letitia | Tomaszewski | lettyanne09@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2737 | 572 | Renal | | | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | Not needed | CAMEL in ICU: Constrast dye, Aminoglycoside, Myoglobinuria, Ethylene glycol, Lead, Ischemia, Cisplatin, Uric acid | Mnemonic | | | | 11/03/17 4:41 PM | Brian | Starkman | Brian.starkman@downstate.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2738 | 758 | Index | | | Index | Pituitary gland | Not needed. | Entry "Pituitary Hormones" is linked to page 244 which summarises the naming patterns of drugs. It should be linked to page 313 instead. | Spelling/formatting | | | | 11/04/17 2:43 AM | Alexander | Nguyen | alexander.nguyen26@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2739 | 33 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hypoxanthine#section=Top | Deamination of adenine makes hypoxanthine | Minor erratum | | | | 11/04/17 3:42 PM | stephanie | paduano | paduanosteph@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2740 | 711-774 | Index | | | Index | INDEX | N/A | There are many page numbers in the index as well as the rapid review that are incorrect. I've been finding incorrect pages more and more now that I'm doing UWorld and am constantly flipping around the book. For example, most things related to TB have the wrong pages in the index. Also, I just did a question on pseudogout that had pg 660 as correct for the rapid review spot, but the page number referenced on the rapid review page for the actual Pseudogout entry was incorrect. There are many others but I've been stumbling on them so often that I haven't been able to compile a list. For the next edition, someone should just go through rapid review & the entire index to make sure every entry is correct. It would be a relatively big job, but it is needed. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/04/17 6:16 PM | Emily | Smith | eksmith27@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2741 | 320 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Parathyroid hormone | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2038394-overview?pa=v7TKR0tweKoVA50VB8u7ympUZcukbZjCXf%2FBRJRd6r9BKBBhQcacZaeViVqza4qqgrXEJnCkhYWTGo7yXwN8A7pcXrIrLJvwnYRrAjwJFOk%3D#a4 | low serum Mg leads to lowered PTH secretion and consequently hypocalcemia. | Major erratum | | | | 11/04/17 9:42 PM | Patricia Mae | Encarnacion | patricia.encar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2742 | 339 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Multiple endocrine neoplasias | I made it up | The current mnemonic can be improved with "MEN 1 = P's: Pituitary, Parathyroid, and Pancreas; MEN 2A = 2 P's and 1 M: Parathyroids, Pheochromocytoma, and Medullary thyroid; MEN 2B = 1 P and 2 M's: Pheochromoscytoma, Medullary thyroid, Mucosal" | Mnemonic | | | | 11/05/17 3:53 AM | Jon | Storey | joncstorey@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2743 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Visual field defects | https://www.britannica.com/science/photoreception/Central-processing-of-visual-information#ref1005304 | You placed the lesion of the optic chiasm is at the Lateral Geniculate Body. The Lateral Geniculate body is located between the optic tract and radiation. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/05/17 2:02 PM | Paul | Karroum | Paul.Karroum@me.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2744 | 391 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | First Aid, New | Instead of reading the coagulation system as streams of numbers, it's much easier to think of it as a clock. 10,5,2,1 composes the common final pathway (10/2=5). These are the hands of the clock. Intrinsic: 12,11,9,8, (skip 10 as it's part of the common pathway) Extrinsic: 7 I've included a picture of the concept art. Hope it helps! ~Mufrad Zaman | Mnemonic | | | | 11/05/17 3:48 PM | Mufrad | Zaman | medstudent851@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2745 | 319 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Vitamin D | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/regulation-of-calcium-and-phosphate-balance | *P*hosphate is reabsorbed in the *P*CT (proximal convoluted tubule), vitamin *D* (mildly) increases Ca++ reabsorption in the *D*CT (distal convoluted tubule) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/06/17 3:29 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2746 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Calcitonin | mnemonic | CALCitonIN brings CALCium INto the bones. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/06/17 3:34 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2747 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Calcitonin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/calcitonin-drug-information?source=see_link | *C*alcitonin blocks osteo*C*lasts, leading to *C*alcification | Mnemonic | | | | 11/06/17 3:40 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2748 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | First Aid | Turners Syndrome - A TURN makes an ARCh - CoARCtation of Aorta; 2+2=4 4= tetra --> tetralogy of falot; diabetes is a defect in TRANSportation --> TRANSposition of great vessels | Mnemonic | | | | 11/07/17 3:09 AM | Jamshaid | Mir | jmir@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2749 | 80 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Maple syrup urine disease | My idea | Maple Tree is Branched OR I LoVe Maple trees with B1ranches | Mnemonic | | | | 11/07/17 5:43 AM | Venkat Akhilesh | Thota | venkatakhilesh@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2750 | 37 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | DNA repair | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27550963 | In DNA repair section it says that defective non homologous end joining leads to BRCA1 mutation and fanconis anemia. It should be defects in homologous repair. In fact homologous repair should be a seperate mechanism discussed. | Major erratum | | | | 11/08/17 9:09 AM | Syed | Abbas Hussain | s.m.abbas.hussain@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2751 | 199 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | CDC | HIV therapy , 4 line: integerase inhibitor isn't part of HAART. | Major erratum | | | | 11/08/17 12:50 PM | dunya | Imad | dra.dunya.imad@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2752 | 90 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-1181089787&linkID=34376&cook=yes | Familial Hypercholesterolemia type IIb - XANTHELASMA are commonly present (xanthomas are rare in type iib) | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/08/17 4:05 PM | Jamshaid | Mir | jmir@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2753 | 90 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/188698 | Type IV - hypertriglyceridemia is also known as HYPERPREBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/08/17 4:21 PM | Jamshaid | Mir | jmir@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2754 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Cystic fibrosis | (Ibuprofen) used as anti-inflammatory agent. (Azithromycin) slows disease progression. | (Azithromycin) used as anti-inflammatory agent. (Ibuprofen) slows disease progression. | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/08/17 4:47 PM | Azar | Sanati | azarsanati@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2755 | 573 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal cyst disorders | n/a | Be Careful My Darling (Mnemonic to remember that the Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease associated with Berry aneurysms, Cysts in hepatic ,Mitral valve prolapse, Diverticulosis) , highlight the first uppercase letters. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/09/17 3:17 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2756 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | mnemonic | *N*PH is *N*termediate | Mnemonic | | | | 11/09/17 4:18 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2757 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | mnemonic | glargine aka g*long*ine for *long*-acting insulin | Mnemonic | | | | 11/09/17 4:19 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2758 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | mnemonic | *L*ispro *A*spart *G*lulisine rapid no *LAG* | Mnemonic | | | | 11/09/17 4:28 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2759 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | not needed | To remember characteristic of Craniopharyngioma use Mnemonic( C4 ) : Craniopharyngioma , Childhood , Calcification , Cholesterol crystals. highlight /bold the capital letter C off all those words. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/09/17 5:37 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2760 | 421 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Rasburicase | UpToDate "Prevention of recurrent gout: Pharmacologic urate-lowering therapy and treatment of tophi" | Also used for the treatment of gout (or hyperuricemia in general) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/09/17 8:08 PM | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2761 | 576 | Renal | | | Pharmacology | Thiazide diuretics | N/A | Thiazide diuretics mechanism "decreases Ca2+ excretion". Would be more accurate to state "increases Ca2+ reabsorption therefore leading to increased excretion". | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/09/17 9:11 PM | Chelsey | Bithell | cbith001@medsch.ucr.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2762 | 277 | Cardiovascular | | | Psychology | Splitting | Pathophysiology of Heart Disease - Leonard S. Lilly - Sixth Edition Page 30 | The image gives the misperception that splitting can be heard upon expiration under normal physiological conditions. Contrary to the image depicted, splitting upon expiration is heard as one sound. | Major erratum | | | | 11/11/17 3:51 AM | Jamshaid | Mir | jmir@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2763 | 271 | Cardiovascular | | | Anatomy | Anatomy of the heart | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18652764 Also, Lilly - Pathophysiology of the Heart 6th edition pg 10 | SA node is supplied by the RCA 70% of the time and in 25% of normal hearts SA node is supplied by circumflex artery. In 5% of cases its supplied by both RCA and Circumflex. | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/11/17 4:15 AM | Jamshaid | Mir | jmir@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2764 | 44 | Biochemistry | | | Cellular | Microtubule | https://search.medscape.com/search/?q=Vinblastine | Vinblastine at the end of page 44 has a spelling error. It should be spelled "Vinblastine" not "Vvinblastine" | Spelling/formatting | | | | 11/11/17 8:25 AM | Ajay | Ajmera | ajayajmera95@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2765 | 453 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-lumbosacral-radiculopathy-pathophysiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=disc%20herniation&selectedTitle=1~95#H18 | First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 Errata (2017 Edition) says to replace "L5–S1" with "S1–S2" to correspond with “Weakness of plantar flexion, difficulty in toewalking, and ↓ Achilles reflex.”However, according to UptoDate, L5-S1 is the correct dermatome for these findings. | Major erratum | | | | 11/12/17 5:40 AM | Seyma | Eroglu | seymaeroglu@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2766 | 476 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve and vessel pathways | Atlas of Human Anatomy, Sixth Edition | Foramin spinosum is categorized under the middle cranial fossa (through sphenoid bone).It should be categorized under middle cranial fossa (but through temporal bone; the foramen spinosum is in the temporal bone not sphenoid bone) | Major erratum | | | | 11/12/17 9:01 AM | Obaie | Mzaik | obaie.mzaik@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2767 | 304 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Pregnancy | N/A | Mnemonic for hypertensive rx in pregnancy: hypertensive moms love nifedipine (hydralazine methyldopa labetalol nifedipine) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/12/17 11:41 PM | Jennifer | Song | jsong11@uw.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2768 | 171 | Microbiology | | | Virology | HIV diagnosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=3736&imageKey=ID%2F91270 | It would be very helpful to include a graph of the algorithm that is being described in text for the diagnosis of HIV. | High-yield addition to next year | Agree. Image team should create a flow-chart (a la in uptodate) to give visual representation for HIV diagnosis. We may be able to replace most/all of that text with the flow chart then. -EP | | | | 11/13/17 1:32 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2769 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | not needed | * "Sweet mom give great Toy"---> diabetic mother >Transposition of great vessels. * "Albert Einstein use lithium" ---> lithium exposure>Ebstein. * "Turn around BeCUS coarctation"---> Turner syndrome>BiCUSpid, coarctation of aorta. * "Super article by william shakespeare"---> Williams syndrome>Supravalvular aortic stenosis. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/13/17 2:35 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2770 | 479 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Spinal tract anatomy and functions | "Ipsilateral UMN signs below level of lesion (due to corticospinal tract damage" first aid for the usmle step 1 2017 page 501 | Lateral corticospinal tract responsible for voluntary movement of ipsilateral limbs not contralateral | Minor erratum | | | | 11/14/17 12:05 PM | Mohammad H. | AL-Momani | Mhmomani95@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2771 | 644 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pleural effusions | N/A | Transudate: Due to increased hydrostatic pressure (eg, HF) --> should be (eg, CHF) | Minor erratum | | | | 11/14/17 12:30 PM | Chelsey | Bithell | cbith001@medsch.ucr.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2772 | 562 | Renal | | | Pathology | Renal tubular acidosis | N/a | Distal (type 1 ONE) associated with kidney stONEs. Proximal (type 2) associated with rickets (Mnemonic = 2 racket tennis). | Mnemonic | | | | 11/14/17 2:03 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2773 | 452 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Blistering skin disorders | My idea | Nikolsky sign ⊕ is PositiVe in Pemphigus Vulgaris . highlight / bold letter P and V . | Mnemonic | | | | 11/14/17 3:31 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2774 | 627 | Respiratory | | | Embryology | Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/976034-overview | Complications: PDA MAchiNE; MA for Metabolic Acidosis, NE for necrotizing enterocolitis. (PDA- Machine like murmur ) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/14/17 10:49 PM | Gabriela | Negron-Ocasio | gabriela.negron2@upr.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2775 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326739/ | Estrogen, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, Danazol, Protease inhibitors, Anabolic steroids, Retinoids, Growth hormone analogs, Corticosteroids, Immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), Thiazide diuretics (high dose), loop diuretics, Beta blockes, Amiodarone, First and second generation antipsicotics. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/15/17 12:09 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2776 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326739/ | It is VERRY high yield for the boards witch medications are associated with dyslipidemia these are: Estrogen, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, Danazol, Protease inhibitors, Anabolic steroids, Retinoids, Growth hormone analogs, Corticosteroids, Immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), Thiazide diuretics (high dose), loop diuretics, Beta blockes, Amiodarone, First and second generation antipsicotics. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/15/17 12:10 PM | Daniel Enrique | Rodríguez Benzo | rdanielenrique@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2777 | 321 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089555/ section: Iodide transport in thyroid cells | Instead of "Thyroid peroxidase is the enzyme responsible for oxidation and organification of iodide as well..." It should read: "Thyroid peroxidase is the enzyme responsible for oxidation of iodiDe and organification of iodiNe, as well..." | Minor erratum | | | | 11/15/17 3:52 PM | Sandra M. | Giraldo | sashagd@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2778 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Section I | NEW FACT | please see above | Rx Express videos 2017 do not include videos for both sections on this page. They are however in the 2016 version. | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/15/17 4:01 PM | Sandra M. | Giraldo | sashagd@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2779 | 341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | N/A | DPP-4 INhibitors---> weight neutral * To remember that use Mnemonic Don't Put Pizza (for 4) dINner = weight neutral | Mnemonic | | | | 11/16/17 1:02 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2780 | 181 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Nosocomial infections | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/infections-and-antimicrobial-resistance-in-the-intensive-care-unit-epidemiology-and-prevention, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28339769, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5524225/ | UPDATE 2017: the most common nosocomial tract infections are in decreasing order: UTI > hospital acquire pneumonia > wound infection. It would be helpful to update the introduction of this fact. | Minor erratum | Is this HY enough? I question whether there would be a step 1 q on the MCC of nosocomial infection, but we can discuss on annotate if other authors feel differently. -EP | | | | 11/16/17 1:45 PM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2781 | 61 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamins: fat soluble | N/A | To remember Fat-soluble vitamins use ( F-AKED ). | Mnemonic | | | | 11/16/17 2:16 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2782 | 96 | Immunology | | | Lymphocytes | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | N/A | To remember DR5 ---> Pernicious anemia ( There are 5 vowels in a "Pernicious" ) , highlight those vowels. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/16/17 2:48 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2783 | 51 | Biochemistry | | | Laboratory Techniques | NEW FACT | 1) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020751913000866 2) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401713005955 3) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113514002843 and many more! | Simple eliminate the last part of the first paragraph: "but is less specific than Western blot." There have been many reports (with improved ELISA techniques/variations) demonstrating higher specificity AND sensitivity compared to WB (see some of the references). This part of the sentence does not add to the information, but is not exactly correct. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/16/17 11:03 PM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2784 | 565 | Renal | | | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.westernu.edu/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-alport-syndrome-hereditary-nephritis?source=search_result&search=alport%20syndrome&selectedTitle=1~39 | Alport Syndrome is widely said to cause glomerular basement membrane thickening, not thinning. | Major erratum | | | | 11/17/17 6:02 PM | Andrew | Schiller | afschiller@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2785 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | no reference needed | # in the drawing picture of rheumatoid arthritis there is widening of the joint space and labelled as increased synovial fluid, correctly in rheumatoid arthritis there is narrowing of the joint space rather than widening. please change the picture it can be confusing specially for the people with visual memory. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/18/17 4:59 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2786 | 495 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2077371/ | # page 495 picture with letter B for leptomeningeal angioma, its written in the text that " leptomeningeal angioma is ipsilateral with the port-wine stain of the face" however the leptomeningeal angioma is contralateral in the picture B to the portwine stain in picture A. please change the picture because alot of students already have confusions about the reading of the brain CT scan sides. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/18/17 5:06 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2787 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis | N/A | Rheumatoid arthritis Involves MCP,PIP-->use Mnemonic(MakeuP Room*Rheum* ; M:MCP, P:PIP). Osteoarthritis Involves DIP,PIP,and 1st CMC-->use Mnemonic(*oSTeo*STart 1st CD Playr ; 1st C:1st CMC, D:DIP, P:PIP) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/18/17 5:07 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2788 | 443 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Systemic lupus erythematosus | https://www.healthline.com/health/systemic-lupus-erythematosus | please add to this page specifically that systemic lupus is type THREE hypersensitivity because this part is frequently asked and its always forgettable. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/18/17 5:19 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2789 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Neuromuscular junction diseases | https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Myasthenia-Gravis-Fact-Sheet | # in myasthenia gravis in the pathophysiology section in the table please add antibodies against NICOTINIC Ach receptors in the NMJ | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/18/17 5:32 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2790 | 515 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Benzodiazepines | no reference needed | a good mnemonic for barbiturates and benzodiazepines mechanism of action , BARBie is a name of a girl and girls care about DURATION referring to that barbiturates increase duration of cl- channel opening but BENZ is a name of a guy and guys care about FREQUENCY!! | Mnemonic | | | | 11/18/17 5:40 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2791 | 641 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumoconioses | no reference needed | # in beryllium is used in aerospace manufacturing and it affects upper lobes. you can write " space is up in the sky " so we remember that berylliosis affects upper lobes | Mnemonic | | | | 11/18/17 5:45 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2792 | 352 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Liver tissue architecture | no reference needed | # to remember that INGESTED toxins affect zone one not zone 3 like metabolic toxins there is a good mnemonic. mark in red the letter "I" in "I"ngested and number 1 in zone "1" | Mnemonic | | | | 11/18/17 5:50 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2793 | 296 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Hypertension | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-hypertension-in-adults, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29133354 | The definition of hypertension has changed: SBP>130 mmHg and/or DBP >80mmHg is now defined as hypertension | Minor erratum | | | | 11/19/17 4:53 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2794 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Upper extremity nerves | not needed | Injury of RaDial (C5-T1) ---> wRist Drop . Highlight letters D and R. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/20/17 4:27 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2795 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Upper extremity nerves | N/A | Saturday night palsy causes Wrist Drop (* Saturday night= Wine Drink = Wrist Drop *). | Mnemonic | | | | 11/20/17 4:36 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2796 | 427 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Upper extremity nerves | not needed | Injury of Median (C5-T1) --->Ape hand” and “Pope’s blessing.(mnemonic "MAP" M:Median , A:Ape hand , P:Pope's blessing). | Mnemonic | | | | 11/20/17 4:43 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2797 | 329 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperthyroidism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768936 | Grave's disease is TPO positive | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/20/17 10:42 PM | Matin | Soeizi | msoeizi@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2798 | 247 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389712/ | In the Sensitivity section, the text states that "High sensitivity test used for screening in diseases with low prevalence.". It is irrelevant whether a disease has high or low prevalence when it comes to sensitivity, because it is a fixed test property. As a matter of fact, when you utilize screening tests, you want the prevalence of the disease to be as high as possible in the group of people undergoing screening. "For reasons discussed below, it is desirable to be able to define the population to be screened in such a way that the prevalence in the test population is high" | Major erratum | | | | 11/21/17 9:43 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2799 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Colorectal cancer | no reference needed | # a good mnemonic for the colorectal cancer to remember the kind of mass in colorectal cancer. with ascending colon there is exophytic mass you can add ... when you are rising ( ascending colon) you want to show the world (exophytic). and that in descending colon has infiltrating mass... you can add when you are falling down (descending) you try to catch anything (infiltrate) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/21/17 4:59 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2800 | 271 | Cardiovascular | | | Anatomy | Anatomy of the heart | no reference needed | its important to remember that the coronary circulation peaks in diastole so a good mnemonic for that is CD "c"oronary & "D"iastole | Mnemonic | | | | 11/21/17 5:04 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2801 | 273 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac output variables | no reference needed | # in the part of the after load its written that the LV compensates for increasing the afterload by thickening (hypertrophy) to decrease wall tension. the wrong part here is that by hypertrophy it supposed that the wall stress that will decrease not the wall tension. as wall tension = pressure x radius but wall stress = (pressure x radius)/ 2 x wall thickness. so by increasing wall thickness as in hypertrophy we would rather decrease the wall stress | Minor erratum | | | | 11/21/17 5:14 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2802 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pharmacology | Acid suppression therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1957120 | # in the picture its drawn that Bismuth is acting on the surface of parietal cell. it would be much better if this drawing edited to show a minor ulceration or something and that bismuth is working on that ulcer base. this way will help sticking the information. | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/21/17 5:19 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2803 | 282 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Electrocardiogram | www.medicine-on-line.com/html/ecg/e0001en_files/05.htm | # its written that the atrial depolarization wave is masked by QRS complex. the correct is that the atrial repolarization doesn't appear anyways on ECG because of low amplitude | Minor erratum | | | | 11/21/17 5:26 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2804 | 282 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Electrocardiogram | www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/endocrinology/hypercalcemia/Default.htm | # please add the effects of hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia which cause short QT interval because of shortened ST segment. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/21/17 5:29 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2805 | 283 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | no reference needed | # for Romano ward make the " R " letter bold and red in the words "R"omano, pu"R"e, ca"R"diac | Mnemonic | | | | 11/21/17 5:40 PM | Abdelrahman | Yousef | a_gemy@live.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2806 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | N/A | Glitazones/ thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) increase risk of bone fractures, to remember that--->*zone* like *bone*. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/21/17 6:34 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2807 | 192 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antimycobacterial drugs | no reference needed | To remember--> ISOniazid used for prophylaxis against TB (use mnemonic * ISOlate TB patients for prophylaxis*) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/22/17 9:02 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2808 | 186 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Carbapenems | http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/bacteria-and-antibacterial-drugs/carbapenems | "Carba DIEM" (Carpe diem)= Doripenem, Imipenem, Ertapenem, Meropenem. Also, it is a reminder of the main adverse effect, seizures ("Seize the day"). | Mnemonic | | | | 11/22/17 3:01 PM | Harris | Nickowitz | harrisnickowitz@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2809 | 193 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Antimycobacterial drugs | My idea | Mnemonic * it IS sO Late To Be There * ---> ISOniazid for Latent TB Therapy. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/22/17 3:44 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2810 | 433 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Muscle conduction to contraction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diad as well as other texts | Incorrectly spelled as "DYAD". It should be spelled as "DIAD". | Spelling/formatting | | | | 11/22/17 6:03 PM | Ahsan | Mir | jmir@sgu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2811 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | no reference needed | Mnemonic for IgG does Cross placenta ----> IgG = Ig*C* = Cross placenta. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/23/17 7:11 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2812 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn | no reference needed | Usually occurs in a type O mother with a type A or B fetus --> Mnemonic type O mOther with type A or B in BAby. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/23/17 7:57 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2813 | 561 | Renal | | | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)61398-7/fulltext | The mnemonics which is already used "MUDPILES" can be replaced with "GOLD MARK" as "Iron and isoniazid are just two of many drugs and toxins that cause hypotension and lactic acidosis (isoniazid can also generate a component of ketoacidosis) and Three “new” organic anion-gap-generating acids and acid precursors have been recognised in recent years- D-lactic acid, 5-oxoproline, propylene glycol. Mnemonic aids are only helpful if they are easily remembered and we believe GOLD MARK fits that requirement. This acronym represents Glycols (ethylene and propylene), Oxoproline, L-lactate, D-lactate, Methanol, Aspirin, Renal failure, and Ketoacidosis." | Mnemonic | | | | 11/23/17 12:29 PM | Vivek | Podder | drvivekpodder@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2814 | 4 | Pathology | | | Inflammation | Types of calcification | No reference | At top most of the first colum it's written "CA+ deposition" which should spell as "Ca+ deposition" | Minor erratum | | | | 11/23/17 1:15 PM | Vivek | Podder | drvivekpodder@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2815 | 208 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | www.usmle.org/pdfs/tcom.pdf | I feel physician task and competency section should discussed in the new first aid edition as it is highly tested and part of usmle step 1 content | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/23/17 1:29 PM | Vivek | Podder | drvivekpodder@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2816 | 278 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | 1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC479397/pdf/brheartj00409-0065.pdf 2) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-common-causes-of-cardiac-murmurs-in-infants-and-children?source=machineLearning&search=asd%20murmur&selectedTitle=2~150§ionRank=1&anchor=H347763093#H347763093 3) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002934366900155 4) UWorld QID 2117 | ASD murmur is NOT purely diastolic. In fact, it generally presents as a systolic murmur with a fixed split of S2. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/24/17 2:53 AM | ALIREZA | SHIRAZIAN | alireza144@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2817 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | not needed | to remember Polymyositis has endomysial inflammation with CD8+ T cells ----> think " 8 ball POoL game " POLymyositis. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/24/17 3:05 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2818 | 115 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Transplant rejection | no reference needed | Pathogenesis of Acute Rejection is CD8+ ------> AcuTE = ATE = 8 (CD8+) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/24/17 4:28 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2819 | 34 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Genetic code features | no reference needed | to remember tryptophan encoded by UGG ---->use Mnemonic " try to fun Using Guessing Game" | Mnemonic | | | | 11/25/17 12:28 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2820 | 34 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Genetic code features | no reference needed | to remember methionine encoded by AUG ---->use Mnemonic " Ask yoUr Grand-MoTHer(MeTHionine) " | Mnemonic | | | | 11/25/17 12:43 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2821 | 62 | Biochemistry | | | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | no reference needed | to remember you should give thiamine before dextrose to reduce risk of precipitating Wernicke encephalopathy--->Mnemonic " letter B (which is B1= thiamine) comes before D (Dextrose) in alphabetical order. | Mnemonic | | | | 11/25/17 1:27 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2822 | 250 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Bias and study errors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4862344/, https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/312871 | Measurement bias should be renamed to information bias. The most common types of information bias are misclassification bias & measurement bias | Minor erratum | | | | 11/26/17 9:53 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2823 | 340-341 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | N/A | all drugs that end with suffix " zone " , " ide " except (biguanides and those which end with tide) cause Weight gain . | Mnemonic | | | | 11/26/17 1:51 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2824 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | NEW FACT | https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/CAMH_04a_PS.pdf | Patient safety event: An event, incident, or condition that could have resulted or did result in harm to a patient. - Adverse event: A patient safety event that resulted in harm to a patient. - Sentinel event: Patient safety event (not primarily related to the natural course of the patient’s illness or underlying condition) that reaches a patient and results in any of the following: Death, Permanent harm, Severe temporary harm. -Close call (or “near miss,” “no harm,” or “good catch”): A patient safety event that is discovered and stopped before causing harm to patient. -Hazardous (or “unsafe”) condition(s): An environment circumstance (other than a patient’s own disease process or condition) that increases the probability of an adverse event. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 7:37 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2825 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2656/ | 5 Stages of drug administration: 1- Ordering/prescribing: Patient evaluation. Correct diagnose and appropriate therapy. (physician) 2- Transcribing and verifying: Re-write the physician prescription (pharmacist) 3- Dispensing and delivering: Drug interactions and drug utilization review (pharmacist) 4- Administering: Right patient, right drug, right time, right route, and right dose. (nurse) 5- Monitoring and reporting | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 7:40 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2826 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3963198/ | General Measures of Infection Control Standard Precaution (all patients): Hand washing, before and after patient contact. Examination gloves, gown, mask and eye protection as required. Safe disposal , cleaning of instruments and linen. Airborne precautions: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), rubella virus and measles, C. difficile). • Standard precaution + isolate with negative-pressure ventilation + Mask (All persons when entering the isolation room and for patient during transport). Contact precautions: • Parainfluenza virus infection, respiratory syncytial virus infection, varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster, hepatitis A, rotavirus and C. difficile infections. • Standard precaution + Isolation + Equipments should preferably be of single use. If unavoidable, then clean and disinfect them adequately before using to another patient. Droplet precautions: • Droplets (large particles >5 μm in size) produced by coughing, sneezing and talking. Influenza virus, Bordetella pertussis, Hemophilus influenzae (meningitis, pneumonia), Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia), Mycoplasma pneumoniae, SARS coronavirus, Group A Streptococcus, adenovirus and rhinovirus. • Standard + Isolation + Mask (all persons entering the room and patient during transport) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 7:42 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2827 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | | | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3963198/ | Hand hygiene: Most important prevention of hospital infections. Soap is the effective way to remove spores. Must be done before and after each patient examination, after touching contaminated objects and after oral surgical procedures. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 7:44 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2828 | 60 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Oncogenes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8553070 | Chromosome 18: add tumor suppressors: DCC (colon) DPC (pancreas) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 7:50 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2829 | 80 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Alkaptonuria | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/941530-overview | Alkaptonuria involves the same pathway of PKU (on page 79) and they are separated in the book, with "maple syrup" between them. | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/26/17 7:57 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2830 | 54 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | NEW FACT | https://www.nature.com/articles/ng0608-688 | Prader willi. Add defect in snoRNA | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 8:01 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2831 | 600 | Reproductive | | | Physiology | Androgens | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/selective-estrogen-receptor-modulators-and-aromatase-inhibitors-for-breast-cancer-prevention | *A*romatas*e* converts *A*ndrogens to *e*strogen | Mnemonic | | | | 11/26/17 8:44 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2832 | 218 | Pathology | | | Genetics | Oncogenes | https://www.nature.com/articles/1208885 | “Oncogene JAK2: Chronic myeloproliferative disorders” add in parenthesis “(Polycythemia Vera, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Myelofibrosis, Essential thrombocythemia)” (reference FA17 page 411). | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/26/17 8:57 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2833 | 128 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pertussis-infection-epidemiology-microbiology-and-pathogenesis | Bordetella pertussis has another toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, that functions as a stand alone adenylate cyclase, thus increasing cAMP, edema, and inhibiting phagocytosis. See virulence table in linked uptodate article. This was tested upon in a step 1 Qbank. | High-yield addition to next year | Agree to add. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851156) -EP | | | | 11/26/17 9:02 PM | Mark | Hamilton | mahamilto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2834 | 128 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-enterohemorrhagic-escherichia-coli-ehec-infection | Shiga-like toxin, SLT or EHEC is now commonly being called "verotoxin" in literature. A correct answer choice of "verotoxin" was seen for a question regarding EHEC exotoxins in a QBank. I did not know this was SLT until I looked it up. Verotoxin is used in the linked uptodate article. | Clarification to current text | Agree to alter text to include the new name ie "SLT (aka verotoxin)" in 2nd column -EP | | | | 11/26/17 9:06 PM | Mark | Hamilton | mahamilto@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2835 | 220 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431533 | 1) Add Prostatic acid phosphatase (reference FA17 page 619) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 9:27 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2836 | 220 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3036637/ | Add Add “Large cell carcinoma of the lung” into Beta-HCG. (reference FA 2016 page 626. “can secrete B-hCG") | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 9:30 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2837 | 221 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/426820-overview | Add lung metastasis. (colon, breast, prostate and bladder) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 9:33 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2838 | 127 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | NEW FACT | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563232 | Spore-forming bacteria. Add “clean hand with soap is the effective way to remove” | High-yield addition to next year | Disagree - C. diff spores are only killed with bleach for instance, most of the time these are very viable, heat-stable and difficult to rid. Would not add. -EP | | | | 11/26/17 9:40 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2839 | 135 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/782051-workup | Diphtheria. Add “Elek test: Elek test detects the development of an immunoprecipitin band on a filter paper impregnated with antitoxin. Indicate the presence of toxigenic bacteria”. | High-yield addition to next year | Already have (+) Elek test. I think that is sufficient. Would reject this additional info to be added -EP | | | | 11/26/17 9:45 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2840 | 149 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810127/ | Candida albicans. Add “low CD4 causes chronic mucocutaneous. Low neutrophils causes disseminated candidiasis.” | High-yield addition to next year | Already talk about how immunocompromised individuals are at risk of the mucocutaneous and esophageal forms of candidasis as well as neutropenic pts more at risk for disseminated dz. No change needed. -EP | | | | 11/26/17 9:52 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2841 | 175 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4525011/ | Special groups: add “GU procedures – enterococcus”. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 10:00 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2842 | 175 | Microbiology | | | Mycology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-candidemia-and-invasive-candidiasis-in-adults | Special groups: Add “Parenteral nutrition – Candida albicans” | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 10:00 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2843 | 160 | Microbiology | | | Virology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/211738-clinical | Adenovirus. Add diarrhea (reference page 175 “watery diarrhea”). | High-yield addition to next year | Agree with additional of Gastroenteritis. -EP | | | | 11/26/17 10:03 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2844 | 182 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | Vaccination | https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/news/20090522/unvaccinated-kids-getting-whooping-cough | Unvaccinated children. Add Bordetela pertussis. Paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop. Lymphocytosis. | High-yield addition to next year | Agree with addition. -EP | | | | 11/26/17 10:07 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2845 | 139 | Microbiology | | | Basic Bacteriology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3202852/ | Bordetella pertussis (gram negative): toxin activate beta Langerhans cell – increase insulin, hypoglycemia. Also causes increased histamine sensitivity. | High-yield addition to next year | Is this HY enough for Step 1? -EP | | | | 11/26/17 10:10 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2846 | 168 | Microbiology | | | Virology | NEW FACT | https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ground+glass+appearance | HBV - liver biopsy: ground glass appearance Add “(due to HbSAg particles)” | High-yield addition to next year | We can discuss this in annotate. Although this may be true (per source), I question the yield of this addition, and therefore, am hesitant to support it's addition to 2019. -EP | | | | 11/26/17 10:15 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2847 | 301 | Cardiovascular | | | Neoplasia | Cardiac tumors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101121/ | Myxoma. Add Constitutional symptoms (fever, weight loss) due to IL6 production. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 10:25 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2848 | 309 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Glucagon | http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1950036 | Beta-blockers – Adverse effects. “treat overdose with glucagon” add the mechanism (glucagon activate Gs protein increasing intracellular cAMP independently of adrenergic receptors). | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/26/17 10:31 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2849 | 335 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypopituitarism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183525/ | Treatment is important not only to correct endocrine abnormalities,but also to reduce mortality due to hypopituitarism.In patients who have both secondary hypothyroidism and hypocortisolism, glucocorticoids should be replaced before the replacement of thyroid hormone. you can also use mnemonic for that *S*teroids(*G*lucocorticoids) should be given before *T*hyroid hormons. " S or G precede the T alphabetically". | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/27/17 2:12 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2850 | 308 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—sodium channel blockers (class I) | Step 1 Qmax Staff | This isn't mentioned in FirstAid 2017 under Class IA antiarrhythmics. Would be a nice addition. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/27/17 2:30 PM | Linda | Davoli | linda.davoli@scholarrx.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2851 | 591 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Lymph drainage | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1949237-overview | Lymphatic drainage of the vagina is generally to the external iliac nodes (upper third of the vagina), the common and internal iliac nodes (middle third), and the superficial inguinal and perirectal nodes (lower third). There should be upper part of vagina or proximal vagina in the external iliac nodes, and middle part of vagina in the internal iliac nodes. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/28/17 2:29 AM | Supriya | Sapkota | drsupriya7@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2852 | 340 | Endocrine | | | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117853-treatment#d9 | In the endocrine pharmacology, When studying the Diabetes mellitus management table, I think it is better to put first the mechanism of action of the drug, then the clinical use and at the end the adverse effect, it gives a more organized understanding starting from the wide knowledge and ending with the specific adverse effects. I studied the drugs that way and I think is better. | Spelling/formatting | | | | 11/28/17 2:01 PM | Raúl | Castillo Yermenos | ryermenosc@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2853 | 504 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Ophthalmology | Aqueous humor pathway | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1923010-overview#a3 . Additionally, Gray's Anatomy for Students, 3rd edition. Chapter 8, figure 8.104; Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, 6th edition, Plates 83 and 90. | This errata is in reference to the March 31st, 2017 errata. The currently published errata states: "The placement of the “Posterior chamber” label is actually where the “Vitreous humor” should be located". However, the figure in first aid is correct in showing the placement of the posterior chamber between the iris, zonular fibers/lens, and ciliary processes. The vitreous chamber is also appropriately labeled. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/28/17 2:25 PM | Jaret | Karnuta | karnutj@ccf.org | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2854 | 396 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Thrombocyte (platelet) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10940653 | Commonly patients with iron deficiency anemia present with mild elevation in platelets (mild thrombocytosis) though the mechanism is unclear. Reason I believe this should be added is because in a question stem from NBME 11 they gave a blood smear and lab values and the platelets were mildly elevated (480,000). Some information that could also be helpful if add would be the increased RDW and the additional symptoms that present in many stems of IDA which include angina pectoris (severe anemia) and angular cheilitis. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/28/17 6:40 PM | Hussein | Shukr | hshukr@umhs-sk.net | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2855 | 246 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Observational studies | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049418/ | Meta-analysis: Pool data from multiple studies to increase power of data (by increasing the sample size). It is used when outcome is rare or difference is small to reach statistical significance, however it has a disadvantage that it also pools biases and limitations. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 4:40 AM | Hasham | Saeed | dochk@outlook.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2856 | 267 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/auscultation-of-heart-sounds | S2—aortic and pulmonary valve closure. Loudest at left upper sternal border. (from the book) The A2 sound is normally much louder than the P2 due to higher pressures in the left side of the heart; thus, A2 radiates to all cardiac listening posts (loudest at the right upper sternal border), and P2 is usually only heard at the left upper sternal border. Therefore, the A2 sound is the main component of S2. ntensity of A2 and P2 — S2 is usually single during expiration, particularly when auscultation is performed with subjects in the semi-recumbent position. Separation of A2 and P2 occurs during inspiration, allowing comparison of the relative intensities of these two components. A2 is louder, even in pulmonary areas (left second interspace); it is the only component heard over the cardiac apex in almost all normal subjects [16]. P2 can be heard over the right second intercostal space and along the left sternal border. The relative intensity of A2 is almost always greater than P2 over the left second interspace; the intensity is equal in this area in approximately 2 percent of normal subjects.. | Major erratum | | | | 11/29/17 12:31 PM | Adnan | Hajjar | adnhajjar@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2857 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon_A_waves | for the A wave in Jugular venous pulse it can be cannon wave very high amplitude in third degree heart block since the atria is contracting against a closed valve | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 12:55 PM | Adnan | Hajjar | hajjaradnan@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2858 | 70 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | HMP shunt (pentose phosphate pathway) | http://biochemical-pathways.com/#/map/1 | The pathway depicts transketolase as the enzyme converting ribulose-5-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. This oversimplifies the pathway. It is somewhat more complex. | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 1:36 PM | Cole | Ogrydziak | ceogrydziak@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2859 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | U world and the text under the picture | The mneumonics is an error. ACE inhibitor dilate efferent arteriole | Mnemonic | | | | 11/29/17 4:41 PM | Rio | Varghese | Rio19111@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2860 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-igg4-related-disease?source=search_result&search=IgG4-Related+Disease&selectedTitle=1~150 | In the paragraph which is explaining about Riedel thyroiditis, third like, it is mentioned that riedel thyroiditis can be cosidered a manifestation of " IgG4- related systemic disease". It was formerly know as "IgG4- related systemic disease" but now is known as "IgG4- related disease". As First aid is always updated with the diseases names I felt the need to mention it. thank you. | Minor erratum | | | | 11/29/17 6:50 PM | Mona | Vahidi Rad | mona.vahidirad@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2861 | 105 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Leukocyte extravasation | No link needed | Put “leukocyte extravasation”(page 209 – pathology) in the immunology chapter page 105. | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 6:52 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2862 | 93 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph drainage | No link needed | Page 93 ; Immuno (page93) x Reproductive (page 591). • Add to “internal iliac nodes”: Corpus carvenosum. • Add to “superficial inguinal nodes”: Distal vagina. • Add to page 93 immunology chapter: “external iliac nodes: body of uterus, cervix, superior bladder”. • Add “deep inguinal nodes: Glans penis” • Incongruence between immune chapter and reproductive: page 591 “proximal vagina = internal iliac nodes” / Page 93: “Internal iliac nodes = vagina middle third” | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 6:55 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2863 | 108 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Complement | No link needed | “Type II hypersensitivity: Inflammation – binding of antibodies to cell surfaces activation of complement system” Add “IgG and IgM” in parenthesis after the word “antibodies”. (reference: FA17 page 103 – complement activation classic pathway). | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 6:57 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2864 | 218 | Pathology | | | Genetics | Oncogenes | No link needed | Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Its classified by alphabetic. It would be easier to understand if we classified the table by the type 1) Tyrosine kinase (Non-receptor tyrosine kinase STAT protein) • BCR-ABL • JAK2 2) Receptor tyrosine kinase (kinase cascate GRB2, SOS – RAS – RAF – MEK – MAPK) • ALK • HER2/neu (c-erbB2) • RET 3) Transcription factor (myc) • cMYC • MYC L1 • MYC N 4) GTPase: • KRAS 5) Cytokine receptor: • c-KIT 6) Serine/threonine kinase • BRAF 7) Anti apoptotic molecule • BCL2 | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 6:59 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2865 | 300 | Cardiovascular | | | Genetics | Cardiomyopathies | No link needed | Syphilitic heart disease. Add histological find of granuloma. (reference page 211. “granulomatous diseases”) | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 7:00 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2866 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Systems | Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) | No link needed | Hashimoto. Add HLA DR3 and DR5 (reference FA17 page 96 “HLA subtypes associated with diseases) | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 7:03 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2867 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | | | Systems | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | FA17 page 217 | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Create a topic of “paraneoplastic manifestation” with Trousseau syndrome and add Marantic endocarditis. (reference page 217). | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 7:05 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2868 | 382 | Gastrointestinal | | | Systems | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | FA17 page 191 | Calcium carbonite. Add interaction with quinolone. (Reference page 191). | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 7:06 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2869 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Platelet disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/platelet-dysfunction-in-uremia | Uremic platelet dysfunction Increased uric acid (renal failure) causes qualitative platelet disorder. Increase bleeding time with normal PT, aPTT and PC. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:08 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2870 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Hodgkin lymphoma | FA 17 - page 217 | Hodgkin lymphoma. Add paraneoplasic cerebellar degeneration (anti-Tr). Reference page 217). | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:09 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2871 | 447 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/glands.html | Merocrine/eccrine: Secretes by exocytosis. Eg: Sweat gland, salivary gland. Apocrine: Apical portions of cells are pinched off and lost during the secretory process. Secretion has cellular components. Eg: Mammary gland. Holocrine: Secretes by membrane rupture (involves death of the cell). Eg: Sebaceous glands. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:11 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2872 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Neuropathology | NEW FACT | FA17 page 335 | Craniopharyngioma. Add hypoptuitarismo by compression. (Reference page 335) | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 7:13 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2873 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Movement disorders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysdiadochokinesia | Add Dysdiadochokinesia: Impaired rapid alternating movements. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:16 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2874 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Movement disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237529/ | Add Restleg Sd: Urge to move legs. Uncomfortable sensation in the legs exacerbated with night, rest and sleep. Treatment: dopamine agonist (Eg: ropirinole) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:17 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2875 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Movement disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237529/ | Akathisia: Add “restless without uncomfortable sensation or dysaesthesia (vs. Restleg sd)” | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:17 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2876 | 489 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Movement disorders | https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/130/6/1456/292884 | Essential tremor: Add “familiar - autosomal dominant inheritance.” | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:18 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2877 | 469 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Movement disorders | A picture of the functional anatomy of the cerebellum would be useful on page 469. | no needed | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:21 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2878 | 499 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | NEW FACT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormal_posturing | Add “Abnormal posturing” Indicates severe brain damage. • Decorticate posturing: Flexion of arms over the chest; Lesion above red nucleus. • Decerebrate posturing: Extension of arms at the sides; Lesion below red nucleus. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:23 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2879 | 469 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy | Cerebellum | no needed | A picture of the functional anatomy of the cerebellum would be usefull on page 469 | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:24 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2880 | 607 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/404364-overview | Pregnancy complications. Add ovarian vein thrombosis post partum Conditions of venous stasis and hypercoagulability, which are commonly present in the recently postpartum patient. Clinic: Persistent fever (apparent unresponsiveness to antibiotic) after delivery; pelvic pain, and abdominal mass. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:26 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2881 | 605 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Hydatidiform mole | http://www.uptodate.com/contents/gestational-trophoblastic-disease-pathology#H21 https://radiopaedia.org/articles/invasive-mole | Hydatidiform mole. Add invasive mole. Type of Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Arise from hydatidiform mole and invades myometrium. Considerate locally invasive non-metastasising neoplasms | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/29/17 7:27 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2882 | 605 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Paraneoplastic syndromes | FA17 page 217 | Small cell lung cancer. Rewrite the paraneoplastic manifestations of Small cell carcinoma. (reference page 217) “Paraneoplastic sd: ACTH (Cushing syndrome), SIADH (euvolemic hyponatremia), Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels), Subacute cerebellar degeneration (Anti Hu), opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome and encephalomyelitis.” | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 7:30 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2883 | 639 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | FA17 page 211 | Add "granuloma" on “hypersensitivity pneumonitis” | Clarification to current text | | | | 11/29/17 7:31 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2884 | 95 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Urea cycle | online dictionary | On page 95 of the 3rd edition General Principles book, the last sentence on the page had an incorrect spelling of insufficiency (insufficinency) | Spelling/formatting | | | | 11/30/17 9:43 AM | Nick | Tucker | njt777@aol.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2885 | 433 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Types of muscle fibers | Null | Type 2 muscle fibers: 2 fast 2 furious (movie title and also you'd be considered pretty indimitating (furious) if you have lots of type two fibres) | Mnemonic | | | | 11/30/17 11:57 AM | Gurjit | Brar | gbrar92@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2886 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Physiology | Blood groups | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2267/ | In column of blood group O, replace Antibodies in serum "IgM" with "IgG" | Major erratum | | | | 11/30/17 2:52 PM | KARANBIR | SINGH | karansingh_21@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2887 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm557102.htm | Edaravone. Treatment for ALS that improves daily functioning. Act as a free radical scavenger and prevent oxidative stress damage to neurones. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/30/17 4:10 PM | Daniel | Moreno-Zambrano | danielmorenozambrano@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2888 | 118 | Immunology | | | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm549325.htm | Ocrelizumab. Target CD20. Clinical use relapsing forms and primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Increase the risk for breast cancer. Mnemonic: Ocrelizumab protects O ligodendrocytes. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 11/30/17 4:22 PM | Daniel | Moreno-Zambrano | danielmorenozambrano@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2889 | 344 | Gastrointestinal | | | Embryology | Tracheoesophageal anomalies | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/935858-overview#a9 | "Esophageal atresia (EA) with distal tracheoesophageal fstula (TEF) is the most common (85%). Polyhydramnios in utero. Neonates drool, choke, and vomit with frst feeding". I suggest adding "type" after "the most common (85%)" + adding "Results in" before "Polyhydroamnios"; to make it clearer. | Clarification to current text | | | | 12/01/17 5:23 AM | AMMAR | HASHEMI | ammar.s.hashemi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2890 | 561 | Renal | | | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | First Aid 2017 Page 472 "Cerebral Perfusion" | In Respiratory alkalosis causes; tumor should be clarified as brain or CNS tumor and the mechanism should be briefly discussed like brain tumor --> increase ICP --> reflex stimulation of respiratory centers --> increase ventilation --> wash out CO2 --> CO2 decrease --> vasoconstriction --> decrease ICP. | Clarification to current text | | | | 12/01/17 10:23 AM | Oday | Halhouli | Odayhalhouli@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2891 | 104 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Important cytokines | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3066460/ | “Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alfa”. Add “mainly secreted by mononuclear cells such as Macrophages” | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 3:24 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2892 | 113 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://www.immunodeficiencysearch.com/chediak-higashi-syndrome | Chediak higashi syndrome. Add defect of NK cells and T-CD8 lymphocyte. Add infection predisposition by virus and bacteria. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 3:29 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2893 | 221 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Neoplastic progression | https://www.cancer.org/treatment/understanding-your-diagnosis/advanced-cancer/finding-bone-metastases.html | Bone metastasis. Classify according to lucent x lytic x mixed instead of each cancer. • Osteoblastic (sclerotic): prostate, Small cell lung CA, Hodgkin lymphoma. • Osteoclastic (lucent): Multiple Myeloma, Non-small cell lung CA, Non-Hodgkin, Melanoma, Renal cell Carcinoma. • Mixed: GI and Breast. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 3:34 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2894 | 640 | Respiratory | | | Systems | Inhalational injury and sequelae | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8052797 | Inhalation injury and sequelae. Add histological finding “Black Macrophage” due to smoke particles. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 3:40 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2895 | 173 | Microbiology | | | Virology | HIV | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12379911 | HIV dementia – add histological find: multinucleated giant cell (Microglia) | High-yield addition to next year | Agree with addition to addition into table of common-disease for HIV+ pts. I found usually associated with CD4+ < 200. Also found this mneumonic scheme, wonder if it's worth incorporating into next edition (http://medicineonlinepk.blogspot.com/2015/02/cd4-count-and-risk-of-common-hiv.html) -EP | | | | 12/01/17 3:44 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2896 | 156 | Microbiology | | | Parasitology | Parasite hints | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12379911 | Taenia solium. Add risk of neurocysticercosis by larvae (rare). Find larvae in muscle. Tigh X-ray. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 3:50 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2897 | 292 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Aortic aneurysm | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1864891/ | Abdominal aortic aneurism. Add: Below renal artery. Chronic transmural inflammation. Macrophage (metalloproteinases). | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 3:54 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2898 | 318 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/metyrapone-stimulation-tests | Add metirapone test on the table “adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasia” | Clarification to current text | | | | 12/01/17 3:55 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2899 | 332 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperparathyroidism | http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0101/p67.html | Hyperparathyroidism. Add as a cause of secondary hypertension | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 4:01 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2900 | 322 | Endocrine | | | Psychology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4200670/ | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones. cAMP. Add secretin. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 4:06 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2901 | 332 | Endocrine | | | Physiology | NEW FACT | http://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2016/05/26/heartjnl-2014-306775 | Add Neprelysin topic (decrease ANP, glucagon, oxytocin, bradicinin) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 4:20 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2902 | 411 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Polycythemia | http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/682334/polycythemia-erythrocytosis-associated-uterine-fibroids-case-report-erythropoietic-activity-demonstrated | ; Polycythemia inappropriate absolute. Add uterine fibroid as a cause. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 4:25 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2903 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Coagulation disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura-ttp | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Add 90-95% due to antibody against ADAMS13. 5% from genetic deficiency. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 4:28 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2904 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | kaplan bank | ; Rh hemolytic disease of new born; Add the explanation of why Rhogan – IgG don’t cause fetal hemolysis during gestation even if gives by 28week of gestation and IgG cross the placenta. Because it’s only a small quantity of immunoglobulin to cause fetus damage. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 4:33 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2905 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | Skin layers | http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocyticactinickeratosis.html | Actinic keratosis. Add histological finding “parakeratosis”. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 4:36 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2906 | 428 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://eyes.gp-surgery.com/red-flag-topics/horners-syndrome/ | klumpke palsy. Add compression T1 causes horner sd. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:00 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2907 | 424 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)33388-1/fulltext | Melanoma. Add CDKN2A tumor supressor gene. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:03 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2908 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Intracranial hemorrhage | http://theemtspot.com/2009/07/13/types-of-brain-hemorrhage/ | Intracranial hemorrhage. Add location. “subdural=beetwen dural and arachnoid” “Epidural=between skull and dural” “intraparanchimal= between arachnoid and brain” | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:06 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2909 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pharmacology | Levodopa/carbidopa | https://www.drugs.com/sfx/levodopa-side-effects.html | Levodopa/carbidopa. Adverse effects. Add CNS adverse effect = anxiety, agitation, etc. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:10 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2910 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3291704/ | Intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Add Cavernous hemangiomas. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:13 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2911 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | Papilledema | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinaud%27s_syndrome | Pinealoma. Add “bilateral papiledema”. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:18 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2912 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Systems | NEW FACT | not needed | Central retinal artery occlusion. Add anatomic origin of central retinal art. From Ophthalmic artery division of Internal carotid artery. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:25 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2913 | 549 | Renal | | | Systems | Horseshoe kidney | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17974353 | Horseshoe kidney. Add that is an anomalous renal artery vascularization - difficult to operate. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:27 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2914 | 607 | Reproductive | | | Systems | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/275038-treatment | Pregnancy complications - post-partum hemorrhage. Add treatment. Tocolitic and massage and Lig internal iliac artery. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:30 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2915 | 602 | Reproductive | | | Systems | Tanner stages of sexual development | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/924002-overview | Tanner stages of sexual development. Add precocity puberty <8years old. It starts first with telarc (breast bud) and second with pubic hair growth. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:31 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2916 | 564 | Renal | | | Systems | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/924002-overview | Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Add antibodies. Anti DNA-ase | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 5:34 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2917 | 302 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-behcets-syndrome | Add Behcet syndrome Young adult (20-40 years old) Systemic vasculitis: uveitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers on genitalia and oral cavity. Affect veins and arteries of all sizes | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 8:50 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2918 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Heart morphogenesis | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clc.4960110802/pdf | Add Normal age changes in heart in physiology Increase interstitial connective tissue; Lipofuscin pigment; extra amyloid deposition. decrease left ventricle chamber (apex-base dimention). Interventricular septum acquires a sigmoid shape. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:03 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2919 | 306 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Heart morphogenesis | https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-94152/omega-3-fish-oil-oral/details | Lipid lowering agents: Add fish oil / omega3. Increase HDL, Decreases triglicerides; decrease VLDL synthesis; Decrease ApoB synthesis | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:06 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2920 | 303 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/subclavian-steal-syndrome | Add subclavian steal syndrome. Block/narrowing one side subclavian vein. Cause reflux of vertebral artery and decreased basilar flux. Symptoms of vertigo. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:09 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2921 | 303 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriovenous-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20369567 | Add chronic Arteriovenous shunt (increase CO, decrease peripheral resistance, increase sympathetic stimulus, Increase venous return). | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:15 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2922 | 334 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22921808 | Central Diabetes insipidus; Add “can be transient of permanent” | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:21 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2923 | 329 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hyperthyroidism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390130 | Add gestational transient hyperthyroidism topic. Thyroid hormone production increases during pregnancy to cope with metabolic demands. Beta-hcg stimulate T SH receptors and estrogen increases thyroxine-bind globulin leading to increase total T4. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:29 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2924 | 390 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/postnatal-diagnosis-and-management-of-hemolytic-disease-of-the-fetus-and-newborn | Add the fetal clinic in “Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn” Fetal anemia (due to hemolysis); Jaundice/kernicterus; hydrops fetalis (generalized edemia); intrauterine death. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:33 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2925 | 402 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn | http://www.labpedia.net/test/357 | Add Leukemoid reaction topic Benign leukocytosis (over than 50.000) with high LAP. Causes: severe infections, hemorrhage, acute hemolysis, solid tumors; Early mature cell (band/myelocyte). Dohle bodies: basophilic light blue peripheral granules in neutrophils. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:40 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2926 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Pathology | Vitamin E (tocopherol/tocotrienol) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_E_deficiency | Spinal cord lesions. Add Vit E deficiency (demyelination + hemolytic anemia) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 9:50 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2927 | 243 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | NEW FACT | http://farmasi.unud.ac.id/ind/wp-content/uploads/Human-Drug-Metabolism-An-Introduction.pdf | Page 243; Add CYP subclasses. CYP 1A “A” (Aromatic hydrocarbons(induce) Asma (teophiline) Antibiotic inhibits (quinolone and macrolides) CYP 2D6 “D” Decrease pain (codein) Decrease heart rate (beta-blocker) Despolarizer (quinidine) and Dementia (haldol) CYP 3A4: Principal. “CRACK AMIGOS” and Statin CYP2C9: “C” Coagulation (warfarin) and Convulsion (Phenytoin) CYP2C19: Clopidogrel and Omeprazol. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 10:04 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2928 | 246 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-analysis | Add basic concepts of Metanalisis. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 10:08 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2929 | 41 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | not needed | Add Receptors and intracellular pathways. Protein G, Tyrosine kinase receptor, associated tyrosine kinase receptor, steroid receptors, cGMP receptor | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 10:12 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2930 | 41 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Signaling pathway of steroid hormones | http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-14/CB14.html | Steroid hormones Type 1: Androgen, estrogen, progesterone, corticoids (glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid) Cellular membrane: Enter through simple diffusion Intracellular: Bind cytoplasmic receptor receptor dimerization enters the nucleus bind zinc fingers to specific DNA response elements. Type 2: Thyroid hormones, Vit A and VitD. Cellular membrane: Enter through facilitated diffusion (membrane protein) Intracellular: Goes directly to the nucleus bind intranuclear receptor in zinc finger regions. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 10:13 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2931 | 41 | Biochemistry | | | Molecular | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-14/CB14.html | Peptides hormones: 1- G protein receptor All G protein are 7-helix membrane spanning domains. Has 3 subunits: Alfa, Beta and Gamma. Alfa subunit: Name the G-protein. Linked to GDP. First step, when peptide bind the receptor, GDP is phosphorylated to GTP, activating the Alfa-subunit. Types: Alfa s (active adenylate cyclase). Alfa i (Inhibit adenylate cyclase). Alfa q (Activate phospholipase C). 2- cGMP receptor Type 1: ANP and BNP. Cellular membrane: Bind membrane receptor that has intrinsic guanylate cyclase activity. Intracellular: GTP cGMP activates protein kinase G Relax smooth muscle Type II: Nitric Oxide (NO). Cellular membrane: NO enter via simple diffusion. Intracellular: NO activate guanylate cyclase to convert GTP into cGMP Protein kinase G relax smooth muscle. 3- Receptor tyrosine kinase: Type 1: Growth factors (PDGF, FGF, EGF, VEGF) Bind monomeric receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity on cellular membrane 2 adjacent receptors conjoin together forming dimer autophosphorylation of their c-terminal tyrosine residues activate intracellular kinase cascade (GRB2 SOS ras raf MEK MAPK). Type 2: Insulin Bind dimeric receptor with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity on cellular membrane autophosphorylation of the receptor IRS (insulin receptor substrate) bind phosphorylated domains and become phosphorylated. Proteins with src homology (SH2) binds phosphorylated IRS and becomes activated: Transport GLUT-4 (fat, muscle), stimulate ras-encoded p21ras G protein (activates protein phosphatases). 4- Receptor associated tyrosine kinase: (GH, prolactin, cytokines, EPO, thrombopoietin, G-CSF) Bind dimeric receptor without intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity on cellular membrane recruit intracellular tyrosine kinases active JAK/STAT pathway STAT proteins goes to nucleus modify gene transcriptions. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 10:14 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2932 | 215 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Neoplastic progression | uworld question of neoplastic progression | “neoplastic progression – Invasive carcinoma”. Add Increase lamin expression to attach BM before invasion. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 10:15 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2933 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | http://www.stillsdisease.org/index.php/stills-info/ | Add Still syndrome topic. Still’s disease is one type of Juvenile Arthritis also known as systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. polyarticular arthritis (Any joint can be affected) high fevers, gland swelling, and internal organ involvement. Faint salmon-colored skin rash characteristically comes and goes and usually does not itch. There may be swelling of the lymph glands, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and sore throat. Some patients develop inflammation of the lungs (pleuritis) or around the heart (pericarditis) with occasional fluid accumulation around the lungs (pleural effusion) or heart (pericardial effusion). | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/01/17 10:23 PM | Daniel | Boczar | daniel.boczar@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2934 | 72 | Biochemistry | | | Metabolism | Glycolysis regulation, key enzymes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoglycerate_kinase | your book states : PRODUCER ATP: 1,3-BPG↔3-PG. It should be 1,1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP ⇌ glycerate 3-phosphate + ATP | Clarification to current text | | | | 12/02/17 10:51 PM | Azar | Sanati | azarsanati@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2935 | 224 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22430/ | Vmax is directly proportional to the substrate concentration, assuming that enzyme concentration is constant | Major erratum | | | | 12/03/17 4:42 PM | Daniel | Kitner | dkitner@uol.com.br | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2936 | 251 | Public Health Sciences | | | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Statistical distribution | UWorld Biostatistics Subject Review: Measures of Central Tendency (Qid: 22, see the last line of explanation) | Outliers affect ONLY the mean (the average is now different) AND the median (the median value is now shifted). The mode is NOT affected at all by the outliers (the outliers can never be the most frequent value, by definition). I suggest editing the text as follows: Mean: most affected by outliers, Median: least affected by outliers, Mode: not affected by outliers. | Minor erratum | | | | 12/04/17 7:07 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2937 | 217 | Pathology | | | Neoplasia | Paraneoplastic syndromes | no reference needed | Myasthenia gravis is associated with Thymoma. Mnemonic " My things is great - Thank you mom " | Mnemonic | | | | 12/04/17 7:41 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2938 | 353 | Gastrointestinal | | | Anatomy | Femoral region | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femoral_triangle | Femoral triangle contains femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymphatics. "LYMPHATICS has not been mentioned." | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/04/17 8:03 PM | Mona | Rad | mona.vahidirad@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2939 | 563 | Renal | | | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | none | Nephrotic syndrome: "MINIMAL MEMBRANOUS Mutilations And SYSTEMIC Fatty Depositions" -Minimal Change Disease -Membranous Nepropathy -Membranoproliferative GN type I -Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis -Amyloidosis -Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -Diabetes | Mnemonic | | | | 12/05/17 4:02 PM | Gabriela | Negron- Ocasio | gabriela.negron2@upr.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2940 | 403 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | N/A | Phenomenal, easy to remember mnemonic for heme synthesis substrates and key enzymes. "GangsterS Always Aim PHor Unruly CoPs' Heads." Glycine + Succinyl CoA --> ALA (mito) --> ALA (cyto) --> PBG --> HMB --> Uroporphyrinogen III --> Coproporphyrinogen --> Protoporphyrin --Fe2+--> Heme. (Note: there are two A's as a reminder that ALA leaves the mitochondria.) In terms of remembering the key enzymes (besides for ALA synthase, which is pretty easy to remember), the mnemonic continues: The Cops say, What de-HAC? That's not Fer! "de" because the three cytoplasm enzymes all start with "de", and HAC signifies hydratase, aminase and carboxylase, respectively. Fer is short for Ferrochelatase. It's also super easy to remember because this scene presents a blood bath, or should I say, a heme bath... :) | Mnemonic | | | | 12/06/17 10:23 PM | Samuel | Apple | samuel.apple@downstate.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2941 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/renal-effects-of-ace-inhibitors-in-hypertension | In the Renal filtration text it is written that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arteriole. While actually ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole. | Clarification to current text | | | | 12/07/17 10:11 AM | Jal | ved | jalankeeth@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2942 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2490816 | In the Renal filtration text it is written that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arteriole. While actually ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole. | Clarification to current text | | | | 12/07/17 10:24 AM | Jal | ved | jalankeeth@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2943 | 171 | Microbiology | | | Virology | HIV diagnosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-and-early-hiv-infection-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?source=see_link§ionName=DIAGNOSIS&anchor=H18410709#H18410843 | The use of ELISA and western blot for the diagnosis of HIV is outdated and inconsistent with CDC recommendations. Immunoassays are now the preferred initial test. | Major erratum | See above - potential flow chart to be designed to clarify diagnosis pathway for HIV. -EP | | | | 12/07/17 12:56 PM | Jeffrey | Cooney | jeff.cooney@me.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2944 | 308 | Cardiovascular | | | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—sodium channel blockers (class I) | Me | To remember the order of antiarrthymics and the channels they block "Napping Babies Keep Calm" --> Na+, Beta, K+, Ca2+ blockers | Mnemonic | | | | 12/07/17 2:19 PM | Alicia | Lampe | hart024@cougars.csusm.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2945 | 634 | Respiratory | | | Physiology | Alveolar gas equation | BRS Physiology | A-a gradient normal range is listed as 10-15 mmHg; however, it should be 0-10 mmHg | Major erratum | | | | 12/07/17 2:47 PM | Natasha | Stone | missnstone@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2946 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Filtration | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2490816 | In the Renal filtration text it is written that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arteriole. While actually ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole. | Major erratum | | | | 12/07/17 4:20 PM | Jal | ved | jalankeeth@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2947 | 553 | Renal | | | Physiology | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2490816 | In the Renal filtration text it is written that ACE inhibitors constrict the efferent arteriole. While actually ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole. | Major erratum | | | | 12/07/17 4:26 PM | Jal | ved | jalankeeth@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2948 | 591 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Gonadal drainage | Mnemonic | *RIGHT* gonadal vein drains *RIGHT* (or di*R*ectly) into the IVC, (not stopping at renal vein) | Mnemonic | | | | 12/07/17 7:18 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2949 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular germ cell tumors | First Aid | Teratomas are *B*enign in *B*oys and *M*alignant in *M*en | Mnemonic | | | | 12/07/17 7:28 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2950 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular germ cell tumors | mnemonic | elevated hCG in choriocarcinomas aka *hCG*oriocarcinomas | Mnemonic | | | | 12/07/17 8:46 PM | Elan | Baskir | ebask003@fiu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2951 | 617 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular torsion | not needed | Orchiopexy, when performed, should be bilateral because the contralateral testis is at risk for subsequent torsion." Mnemonic TOrSIon ---> TO*2* SIde (bilateral) ". | Mnemonic | | | | 12/08/17 2:04 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2952 | 591 | Reproductive | | | Anatomy | Gonadal drainage | N/A | cerv*i*x* --- > *i*nternal iliac nodes and e*x*ternal iliac nodes. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/08/17 5:26 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2953 | 621 | Reproductive | | | Pharmacology | Leuprolide | not needed | GnRH analog with "aNTagonist" properties when used in "coNTinuous" fashion. Highlight N and T. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/08/17 6:28 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2954 | 93 | Immunology | | | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph drainage | No link | Para Aortic Drains Couples or could be Drains in 2s ---- 2 testis , 2 ovaries , 2 kidneys and uterus | Mnemonic | | | | 12/09/17 7:48 AM | Hadi | Al Halabi | hadihalabi@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2955 | 445 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Dermatology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335925-workup#c8 | Dermatomyositis: atrophy of muscle fibre due to ischemia on histology and in polymyositis: necrotic muscle fibre and some regenerating muscle fibre seen on histology | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/09/17 12:53 PM | Parth | Jani | Parthjani13@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2956 | 537 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Eating disorders | no reference needed | To remember Russell sign in Bulimia nervosa ---> use word " BeLaRUS " | Mnemonic | | | | 12/09/17 4:09 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2957 | 537 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Eating disorders | no reference needed | To remember Russell sign in Bulimia nervosa ---> or you can use word " Brussel " | Mnemonic | | | | 12/09/17 4:23 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2958 | 257 | Public Health Sciences | | | Ethics | Ethical situations | See definition of Medical power of attorney on page 255 of FA2017 | In the following ethical situation (Mother and 15-year-old daughter are unresponsive following a car accident...) replace the "healthcare proxy" with "surrogate decision-maker". Healthcare proxy (also called Durable power of attorney for healthcare) is designated by the patient prior to the event in anticipation of incapacity. That is not stated anywhere in the description of the situation. | Minor erratum | | | | 12/10/17 4:58 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2959 | 533 | Psychiatry | | | Pathology | Panic disorder | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/287913-overview#a4 | In panic disorder increase discharge from locus ceruleus | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/10/17 9:19 AM | Parth | Jani | Parthjani13@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2960 | 400 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemia | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207468-overview#a4 | In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria : PIGA gene mutation or deletion | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/10/17 11:06 AM | Parth | Jani | Parthjani13@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2961 | 610 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | no reference needed | to remember the triad of Meigs' syndrome --> think " Migs is a Fighter AirPlanes " . F = ovarian Fibroma , A = Ascites , P = Pleural effusion(hydrothorax). | Mnemonic | | | | 12/10/17 2:09 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2962 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | Copyright (c) UWorld, Please do not save, print, cut, copy or paste anything while a test is active. | Image indicator A is next to "lymphoid aggregates with germinal centers" but the image shows a Hürthle cell | Major erratum | | | | 12/10/17 6:05 PM | Jon | Storey | joncstorey@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2963 | 276 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Cardiac and vascular function curves | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cardiac-catheterization-techniques-normal-hemodynamics?source=search_result&search=c%20wave%20cardiac%20cycle&selectedTitle=1~150 http://www.cvphysiology.com/Heart%20Disease/HD002b | Definition of c-wave is classically defined as the bulging of the tricuspid valve, but bulging of the mitral valve during isovolumetric ventricular contraction also occurs which may be apparent. Therefore, a c-wave could also be visible in the left atrial pressure on the graph. Also note, that the c-wave in the cardiac cycle graph is erroneous. The c-wave peak is illustrated in the JVP line occurring during the rapid ejection phase of the cardiac cycle when it should be occurring only in the isovolumetric ventricular contraction phase, given only that the delay between the atrial conduction and JVP is only 60 milliseconds. | Minor erratum | | | | 12/11/17 3:17 PM | Francisco Javier | Vazquez Garcia | chiche_6923@hotmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2964 | 328 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | N/A | HypOthyroidsm - HashimOtO thyroiditis | Mnemonic | | | | 12/11/17 4:14 PM | Matthew | Hoyer | mhoyer@jhmi.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2965 | 329 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | NEW FACT | N/A | HypErthyroidism - GravEs disease | Mnemonic | | | | 12/11/17 4:16 PM | Matthew | Hoyer | mhoyer@jhmi.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2966 | 408 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-pathologic-features-and-diagnosis-of-burkitt-lymphoma?source=search_result&search=Burkitt%20Lymphoma&selectedTitle=1~69#H8 | When thinking about Burkitt Lymphoma, think about your ABC’s: A: 8;14 translocation (A sounds like 8) B: Burkitt Lymphoma C: c-myc activation The ABC song is same melody as Twinkle Twinkle Little Star... Indicates Starry Sky appearance on blood smear! | Mnemonic | | | | 12/12/17 8:17 AM | Demi | Wolford | Demiwolford@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2967 | 258 | Public Health Sciences | | | The Well Patient | Car seats for children | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag | Change "front-facing airbags" to "frontal airbags". If an airbag faces the front of the car, I guess it protects the bushes from the crash? | Spelling/formatting | | | | 12/12/17 9:02 AM | Panagiotis | Kaparaliotis | panagiotiskap@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2968 | 469 | Neurology and Special Senses | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebellum | Purves Neuroscience textbook page 422 edition 5. | The text states that the deep nuclei of the cerebellum project to the contralateral cortex via superior cerebllar peduncle which is only partially true. IF you look at the Purves neuroscience textbook, only the dentate and globose/emboliform will project through the superior cerebellar peduncle which is the major cerebellar decussation. However, the fastigial nuclei will project via the inferior cerebellar peduncle which is responsible for governing axial and proximal limb musculature. I think it would be more appropriate to say that the superior cerebellar decussation occurs out of the superior peduncle and that the projections are from the dentate and emboliform/globose nuclei. | Minor erratum | | | | 12/13/17 8:44 AM | Dilara | Hatipoglu | dxh286@case.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2969 | 611 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Ovarian neoplasms | no reference needed | to remember Schiller-Duval bodies in yolk SAC tumor --> write Schiller like this "SAChiller" highlight those letters. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/13/17 9:57 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2970 | 618 | Reproductive | | | Pathology | Testicular germ cell tumors | no reference needed | to remember Schiller-Duval bodies in yolk SAC tumor --> write Schiller like this "SAChiller" highlight those letters. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/13/17 9:59 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2971 | 301 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Cardiac tumors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1860601/ | cardiac metastsis most commonly involve pericardium | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/13/17 2:03 PM | jani | parth | parthjani13@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2972 | 378 | Gastrointestinal | | | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | Not needed | One can remember the numbers involved in hemochromatosis by using 3 as a multiple; C282Y (equals 12), H63D (equals 9), chromosome 6, HLA-3 association. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/14/17 1:21 PM | Camilo José | Albert Fernández | camiloalbertf@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2973 | 430 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | | | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | https://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_3/chapter_17.html | The acronym TIP and PED are mostly true, but both Tibialis Anterior and Posterior perform inversion functions as an exception to this rule. The next edition should note that while Tibialis Anterior is innervated by Deep Peroneal Nerve, it has inversion functions. | Minor erratum | | | | 12/15/17 12:31 PM | Thomas | Weber | thomas.weber5475@cnsu.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2974 | 56 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Autosomal recessive diseases | none | Any Asshole Can Go Hit Karen's Mom's Porsche. That Was So Sick. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/16/17 7:37 AM | Hamza | Aziz | haziz@mail.sjsm.org | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2975 | 191 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Fluoroquinolones | FIRST AID 2017 | u cannot drive a CAR (CARTILAGE) before 18. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/16/17 8:25 PM | SABAH NASIRUDDIN | SHAIKH | DRSABAHSHAIKH90@GMAIL.COM | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2976 | 192 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Rifamycins | First aid 2017 | rifaBUTTin favored over rifampin . BUTT is always favoured | Mnemonic | | | | 12/16/17 8:31 PM | SABAH NASIRUDDIN | SHAIKH | DRSABAHSHAIKH90@GMAIL.COM | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2977 | 191 | Microbiology | | | Antimicrobials | Metronidazole | FA 2017 | metro made up of METAL ( METALLic taste) | Mnemonic | | | | 12/16/17 8:36 PM | SABAH NASIRUDDIN | SHAIKH | DRSABAHSHAIKH90@GMAIL.COM | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2978 | 242 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—multiorgan | FA 2017 | CGMP- Cephalosporins Griseofulvin Metronidazole Procarbazine | Mnemonic | | | | 12/16/17 8:41 PM | SABAH NASIRUDDIN | SHAIKH | DRSABAHSHAIKH90@GMAIL.COM | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2979 | 283 | Cardiovascular | | | Physiology | Torsades de pointes | FA 2017 page 191 | FLUROQUINOLONES is missing from the list . Also we can extend the mnemonic from A-F. F for fluroquinolones | High-yield addition to next year | | | | 12/16/17 8:48 PM | SABAH NASIRUDDIN | SHAIKH | DRSABAHSHAIKH90@GMAIL.COM | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2980 | 240 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | not needed | *T*ake off your *C*oat because the weather is HOT. -->*T*amoxifen, *C*lomiphene --- Hot flashes | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 7:53 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2981 | 641 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumoconioses | N/A | Sili*cosis* is increasing susceptibility to Tuber*culosis*. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 8:05 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2982 | 641 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Pneumoconioses | no reference needed | Egg*S*hell” *C*alcification in *S*ili*C*osis. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 8:10 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2983 | 641 | Respiratory | | | Pathology | Mesothelioma | no reference needed | Cytokeratin and calretinin ⊕ in almost all me*s*otheliomas (po*s*itive), ⊝ in most carci*n*omas(*n*agative). | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 8:18 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2984 | 337 | Endocrine | | | Pathology | Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus | no reference needed | Genetic Predisposition : relatively weak in type 1 and strong in type 2 .---> *2* stronger than *1*. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 8:33 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2985 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Specific toxicity treatments | no reference needed | Treat *H*eparin overdose with *P*rotamine sulfate -->think word "HP" . | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 9:29 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2986 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Specific toxicity treatments | N/A | Treat *W*arfarin overdose with Vitamin *K* , Fresh frozen plasma --> think " WalK Free" | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 9:31 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2987 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Toxicities and Side Effects | Specific toxicity treatments | no reference needed | Vitamin K (delayed effect), fresh frozen plasma (immediate) . --> F precedes K alphabetically so fresh frozen plasma is immediate effect and vit.K is delayed effect. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/17/17 9:36 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2988 | 142 | Microbiology | | | Clinical Bacteriology | Lyme disease | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146903-overview | Bell palsy is a type of facial paralysis with unknown etiology. Bell palsy is not a correct word for facial paralysis due to Lyme disease. | Major erratum | Agree with how it is written as is "facial nerve (Bells) palsy" No change recommended. -EP | | | | 12/17/17 9:49 AM | Sina | Nazemi | sina.nazemy@gmail.com | | | |||||||||||||||
| 2989 | 239 | Pharmacology | | | Pharmacology | Drug reactions—hematologic | Mnemonic | For lead poisoning, since it is prevalent in children, the 4 treatments included in the text can be re arranged as mnemonic for PEDS. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 5:50 AM | Amir | MockArram-dori | Amirmdori9@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2990 | 176 | Microbiology | | | Systems | Osteomyelitis | no reference needed | *S*ick*l*e cell disease-->*S*a*l*monella. Highlight " S and L " . Prosthetic joint r*ep*lacement --->S *ep*idermidis. Highlight "ep". Verte*b*ral involvement ---> Myco*b*acterium tu*b*erculosis. Highlight "b" | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 10:17 AM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2991 | 407 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pathology | Hodgkin lymphoma | no reference needed | Lymphocyte rich---> Best prognosis. think " rich = best " | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 1:15 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2992 | 414 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin vs warfarin | no reference needed | Duration of Action of *H*eparin --> *H*ours. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 1:44 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2993 | 414 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin vs warfarin | no reference needed | Route of administration of He*p*arin -->*P*arenteral (IV, SC) and Onset of action ---> Ra*p*id. Highlight "P". | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 1:56 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2994 | 414 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin vs warfarin | no reference needed | Agents for Reversal of He*p*arin is *P*rotamine sulfate. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 2:00 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2995 | 414 | Hematology and Oncology | | | Pharmacology | Heparin vs warfarin | no reference needed | Agents for Reversal of He*p*arin is *P*rotamine sulfate. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 2:05 PM | Moatasem | Al-Janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2996 | 290 | Cardiovascular | | | Pathology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-pathophysiology-and-diagnosis-of-atrioventricular-av-canal-defects?search=endocardial%20cushion%20defect&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~49&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Down Syndrome is associated with Endocardial cushion defects, which I remember as "down feather pillows" pillows=cushions | Mnemonic | | | | 12/18/17 5:36 PM | Sarah | Cunningham | sarah.k.cunninghm@gmail.com | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2997 | 107 | Immunology | | | Immune Responses | Vaccination | NA | Live attenuated vaccines "Those with Brains are PRIVY". B in brains for BCG, P for polio, R for rotavirus, I for influenza, V for varicella, Y for yellow fever. And then I remember MMR together since it is given in 1 vaccine. | Mnemonic | | | | 12/19/17 3:41 PM | Chelsey | Bithell | cbith001@medsch.ucr.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||
| 2998 | 53 | Biochemistry | | | Genetics | Hardy-Weinberg population genetics | https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-hardy-weinberg-principle-13235724 | Large Red M aNd M: Large Population; Random mating; no Mutations; no Natural selection; no Migration. M&M links back to Hardy-Weinberg because they are hardy candies! | Mnemonic | | | | 12/19/17 10:16 PM | Tyler | Paras | tparas@westmont.edu | | | ||||||||||||||||