| 1 | 34 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Chromatin structure | N/A | Heterochromatin --> column 2 --> Barr bodies (INACTIVATED X chromosomes) - Not inactivate X chromosomes | Spelling/formatting | 01/01/19 11:34 AM |
| 2 | 35 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Nucleotides | FA 2019 Page 35 | Why (-1 ring ) is colored in red? | Spelling/formatting | 01/06/19 5:33 AM |
| 3 | 38 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA replication | Mnemonic | "2 'sides' to every 1 coin ['can']" hint for Etoposide/teniposide inhibit TOP II and irinotecan/topotecan inhibit TOP I. This can also be placed on page 434 | Mnemonic | 01/09/19 6:30 AM |
| 4 | 38 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA replication | Mnemonic | FlUORoquinolones inhibit TOP IV(4). | Mnemonic | 01/12/19 7:15 AM |
| 5 | 40 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16238440 | Fanconi Anemia is given as example under "homologous recombination", it is actually an example of "Non-Homologous End Joining" repair mechanism. | Minor erratum | 01/16/19 9:09 AM |
| 6 | 42 | Biochemistry | Molecular | RNA polymerases | It's Mnemonic | Actinomycin *D* (also known as *D*actinomycin) inhibits RNA polymerase in *D*ual (both) prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | Mnemonic | 01/12/19 8:13 AM |
| 7 | 47 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Peroxisome | not needed | Zellweger syndrome: Renee Zellweger has WEAK PEX (hypotonia; PEX gene mutation) and SEIZES (seizures) big livers (hepatomegaly); Refsum disease: ALPHA (alpha-oxidation disorder) males are PHYTAN A LOT (buildup of phytanic acid) because the REF's SON (Refsum) made the team but is CLUMSY (ataxia) and CAN'T SEE (cataracts/night blindness); Adrenoleukodystrophy: ß-A-L-D for ß-oxidation | Mnemonic | 01/02/19 1:06 PM |
| 8 | 47 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Cell trafficking | https://www.uniprot.org/locations/SL-0075 | COPI transports from Golgi -> Endoplasmic Reticulum (currently says from Golgi -> Golgi) | Minor erratum | 01/11/19 11:19 AM |
| 9 | 51 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Menkes disease | It's Mnemonic | Menkes protein (ATP7A ,vs ATP7B in Wilson) --->M precedes W and A precedes B alphabetically ,so " Menkes =ATP7A ,,Wilson =ATP7B". | Mnemonic | 01/12/19 8:36 AM |
| 10 | 56 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Genetic terms | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/li-fraumeni-syndrome?search=li%20fraumeni&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~40&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Li-Fraumenia syndrome is listed as an example of loss of heterozygosity but more often functions as a dominant negative mutation as having one mutant allele creates 1/16th functional proteins in the final tetramer. | Minor erratum | 01/08/19 9:02 AM |
| 11 | 57 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Genetic terms | www.Uworld.com | Heteroplasmy definition: It says ".....resulting in variable expression in mitochondrially inherited disease"............. UWorld says "Variable Expression is not a feature of Mitochondrial diseases" in QID: 596 Choice D, last line. | Major erratum | 01/12/19 8:06 PM |
| 12 | 60 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Cystic fibrosis | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08820 | Indication for Ivacaftor - not approved for patients with a Phe508 deletion UNLESS it's given in combination with lumacaftor. Indicated as monotherapy for other CF mutations, most notably, G551D, where the number of CFTRs is fine, but they just don't open enough. | Clarification to current text | 12/27/18 6:39 PM |
| 13 | 63 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | Genetics: Glossary of terms - UpToDate | Nondisjunction in meiosis illustration: Replacing the words "Trisomy" with "Heterodisomy" and "Isodisomy" as specified in the attachment. | Minor erratum | 01/02/19 11:41 AM |
| 14 | 64 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Cri-du-chat syndrome | It's Mnemonic | *Cri du* - CHat =*5 letters * - CHromosome 5 | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 10:58 AM |
| 15 | 65 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamins: water soluble | My brain | Proposed mnemonic for sorting B vitamins in order. TRN-PPB-FC "The RN - Placed Patient Bobs - Foley Catheter" Where there is a dash, the number skips. This covered B1-12 in order. I made this and have found it useful to keep the numbers straight with the names of the B vitamins. | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 11:56 AM |
| 16 | 67 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B3 | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-gout?search=podagra&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | Podagra is not an excess of vitamin B3. Podagra is a manifestation of gout, literally meaning "painful toe." The book implies that an excess of B3 is called podagra, in parallel to how a deficiency of B3 causes pellagra. Rather, an excess of B3 can increase the risk of podagra (gout). | Clarification to current text | 12/24/18 12:41 PM |
| 17 | 70 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin E | It's Mnemonic | *E*xcess of Vitamin *E* increases risk of *E*nterocolitis in *E*nfants (infants).\ Highlight in red letter "E". | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 7:50 AM |
| 18 | 70 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin E | It's Mnemonic | vitamin *E* ---> High-dose supplementation may alter metabolism of vitamin K : *E*nhanced anticoagulant effects of warfarin. | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 7:58 AM |
| 19 | 76 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | You know this | I have a better way for remembering the 5 cofactors (please see the attached picture). “The FAmous Nerds Like CoenzymeA” goes in order (B1 thiamine pyrophosphate, B2 FAD riboflavin, B3 NAD niacin, Lipoic acid (and the L can be seen in part of the strokes for the number “4”), B5 CoA pantothenic acid | Mnemonic | 01/12/19 1:27 PM |
| 20 | 78 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | It's Mnemonic | thermogenin in b*r*own fat (has mo*r*e mitochondria than white fat). | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 8:09 AM |
| 21 | 78 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | It's Mnemonic | N*O* ATP is produced because electron transport st*O*ps ----> *O*ligomycin | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 8:15 AM |
| 22 | 85 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Glycogen regulation by insulin and glucagon/epinephrine | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5195864/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylase_kinase | Glycogen phosphorylase kinase has calmodulin as one of its subunits. Therefore calcium binds directly to the enzyme and activates it. Furthermore, calcium is released from the endoplasmic reticulum in both muscle contraction and a1 receptor stimulation. This relationship can be summarized with the following arrows: Muscle contraction or a1 receptor stimulation -> Ca2+ (from endoplasmic reticulum) -> glycogen phosphorylase kinase (has calmodulin subunit). In the current graph in the book, the following sequence of arrows “calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum -> Ca2+-calmodulin complex -> glycogen phosphorylase kinase” is conceptually wrong and unnecessary, as it is already shown with an arrow that calcium directly activates glycogen phosphorylase kinase. | Major erratum | 01/07/19 1:45 AM |
| 23 | 86 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Glycogen | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glycogen-debrancher-deficiency-glycogen-storage-disease-iii | Glycogen debrancher is an enzyme with two catalytic activities (as already stated in the text). Cori disease is caused by congenital deficiency of glycogen debrancher, therefore none of these catalytic activities would occur. Thus, both steps 5 & 6 are inhibited (not only step 6). | Major erratum | 01/07/19 1:51 AM |
| 24 | 86 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Glycogen | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrin. "Depolymerization of glycogen by phosphorylase halts when glycogen branches have been reduced to two to four linked glucose molecules (limit dextrins). Glycogen debrancher enzyme has two catalytic activities. One is the cleavage of a dextrin branch from the remaining glycogen molecule (amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity). The other is the transfer of the dextrin to the free end of a dextran polymer (oligo-1,4-1,4-glucanotransferase activity). The transferred dextrin may then be further depolymerized by phosphorylase." 2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glycogen-debrancher-deficiency-glycogen-storage-disease-iii | Limit dextrin refers to 2-4 residues, not 1-4. The smallest form of a dextrin is a disaccharide. | Major erratum | 01/07/19 1:55 AM |
| 25 | 87 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | 1. Already mentioned in the book on page 86, 2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glycogen-debrancher-deficiency-glycogen-storage-disease-iii | Cori disease is caused by glycogen debrancher deficiency, which has two catalytic activites (not only a-1,6-glucosidase). | Minor erratum | 01/07/19 1:59 AM |
| 26 | 87 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | 1. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7864/glycogen-storage-disease-type-1a, 2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucose-6-phosphatase-deficiency-glycogen-storage-disease-i-von-gierke-disease, 3. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PEDS%2F54417 | Von Gierke disease refers to the most common subtype of glycogen storage disease type 1, termed 1A, that is caused by glucose-6-phoshatase deficiency. Type 1B is caused by G6P transporter deficiency and is NOT termed Von Gierke disease. | Minor erratum | 01/07/19 2:01 AM |
| 27 | 88 | Biochemistry | Miscellaneous | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | Tay-Sachs and Niemann-Pick both have 2 parts in their names just like Cherry-Red which is present in both of them | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 3:26 AM |
| 28 | 93 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Major apolipoproteins | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.rosalindfranklin.edu/contents/image?imageKey=PC%2F112742&topicKey=PC%2F4560&search=hdl&source=outline_link&selectedTitle=1~150 | Currently, it is listed that the B-100 apolipoprotein is only on particles originating from the liver. However, HDL is synthesized in the liver and doesn’t contain B-100 which would contradict this statement. | Clarification to current text | 01/16/19 4:27 PM |
| 29 | 96 | Immunology | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph node | Not needed | Replace the term "Postcapillary venule" with "High endothelial venule" in the lymph node schematic. High endothelial venules are mentioned in the text but not in the schematic. This can lead to confusion. | Clarification to current text | 01/07/19 2:08 AM |
| 30 | 96 | Immunology | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph node | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1892634/ | Medulla consists of medullary cords (closely packed lymphocytes and plasma cells) must be changed to (closely packed B lymphocytes and plasma cells) | Minor erratum | 01/07/19 1:56 PM |
| 31 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | It's Mnemonic | Psoriasis (there is a s*C*ale lession) --->HLA subtype *C* . | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 2:53 PM |
| 32 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29072309 | In psoriasis, add the specific HLA-C allele that is strongly associated with the disease. All people have HLA-C in their genome. The specific allele that is associated with psoriasis is HLA-Cw6. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 2:13 AM |
| 33 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | It's Mnemonic | Psoriasis(Psoriati*C*) --->HLA subtype *C* . | Mnemonic | 01/13/19 1:18 PM |
| 34 | 105 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunoglobulin isotypes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-humoral-immune-response | Maternal IgG starts to wane by birth and is almost completely gone by 6 months of age. It does not "start to wane after 6 months". As it is stated on page 110, the half-life of preformed antibodies is around 3 weeks. | Major erratum | 01/07/19 2:17 AM |
| 35 | 107 | Immunology | Physiology | Complement disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC15187/ | "decay-acclerating factor" should be replaced with "decay-accelerating factor" | Spelling/formatting | 12/23/18 10:07 PM |
| 36 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | It's Mnemonic | *in*activated vaccine = typhoid (V*i* polysaccharide, *in*tramuscular). | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 3:28 PM |
| 37 | 114 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Blood transfusion reactions | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/206885-overview https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?csi=e6afcaee-c28c-4e19-ab8d-320cbfd6a359&source=contentShare&imageKey=HEME%2F94399 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/immunologic-transfusion-reactions?csi=cf86246a-4478-4dfa-8128-e266eefc2666&source=contentShare | Allergic/anaphylactic transfusion reactions do NOT present with fever, contrary to what the "clinical presentation" column says. | Minor erratum | 01/10/19 4:42 PM |
| 38 | 114 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Blood transfusion reactions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-in-adults?search=DIC%20causes§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H255175&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H255175 | Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction often present as DIC; as intravascular hemolysis is one of the causes of DIC. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/16/19 2:27 PM |
| 39 | 115 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Autoantibodies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-hashimotos-thyroiditis-chronic-autoimmune-thyroiditis | In Hashimoto thyroiditis, antimicrosomal & antithyroid peroxidase refer to the same antibody. Put one of them in a parenthesis next to the other one so this becomes clear. The way it is currently written can lead somebody to falsely believe that they are different antibodies. | Clarification to current text | 01/07/19 2:19 AM |
| 40 | 115 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Autoantibodies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-celiac-disease-in-adults | In celiac disease, anti-tissue transglutaminase could also be IgG. This is useful because the IgG autoantibodies are used for the diagnosis of celiac disease in selective IgA deficiency. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 2:21 AM |
| 41 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | USMLE-Rx (QID: 3718.10); https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050956-treatment | Treatment: IVIG; bone marrow transplant is not curative (differentiation of B cells would still not occur). | High-yield addition to next year | 01/01/19 5:32 PM |
| 42 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | not needed | Highlight 22 in "22q11" to match mnemonic "CATCH-22". | Spelling/formatting | 01/05/19 3:34 PM |
| 43 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mendelian-susceptibility-to-mycobacterial-diseases-specific-defects, 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4357480/ | I suggest renaming the IL-12 deficiency entry to Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD, mentioned on page 102 as well). IL-12 is the most common cause of MSMD (>50% of cases). Also list some other defects, especially INF-gamma receptor deficiency (seen it MULTIPLE times on different NBMEs and in UWorld). | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 2:24 AM |
| 44 | 119 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Transplant rejection | N/A | GVHD row, last column, line 9, the word "transfusion" is miss-spelled. | Spelling/formatting | 12/22/18 8:12 AM |
| 45 | 121 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | Recombinant cytokines and clinical uses | It's Mnemonic | IFN-*β* --->Multiple sclerosis(demyelination of CNS (*B*rain and spinal cord)).\Highlight "β and letter B in Brain". | Mnemonic | 01/02/19 2:08 PM |
| 46 | 122 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | It's Mnemonic | E is the 5th letter alphabetically -->Eculizumab Complement protein C*5* . | Mnemonic | 01/13/19 1:14 PM |
| 47 | 124 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial structures | Not needed. | Last sentence in the second column which reads ‘Lipoteichoic acid (gram positive) only extend from membrane to exterior.’ should read ‘’Lipoteichoic acids (gram positive only) extend from membrane to exterior.’ | Spelling/formatting | 01/01/19 8:14 AM |
| 48 | 125 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Pleomorphic bacteria | My brain | CREAM does not have a shape | Mnemonic | 01/12/19 6:50 PM |
| 49 | 126 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | menmonic only | mnemonic for culture media: Charcoa*L* for *L*egione*ll*a | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 8:39 AM |
| 50 | 126 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Special culture requirements | mnemonic only | mnemonic for culture media: Thayer-Marti*N*for *N*eisseria. | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 8:40 AM |
| 51 | 128 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Catalase-positive organisms | I made this mnemonic. | SHE PLANS BC (of her) Cat... that is a mnemonic that is more helpful for the catalase + organisms because all the letters (SHE PLANS BC) are bacteria. The current one is okay and relates to cats but everyone I know says it is hard to remember and this one is easier. | Mnemonic | 01/10/19 1:09 PM |
| 52 | 136 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/jones-criteria-diagnosis-rheumatic | Major criteria for rheumatic fever: J-Joint involvement ♥-Carditis N-Nodules, subcutaneous E-Erythema marginatum S-Syndenham chorea Minor criteria for rheumatic fever: H-Heart block (↑PR interval) A-Arthralgia “L”-Elevated ESR/CRP, leukocytosis F-Fever Need 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria for diagnosis. (2 HALF make up for 1 J♥NES) | Mnemonic | 01/01/19 5:56 PM |
| 53 | 137 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus anthracis | 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/microbiology-pathogenesis-and-epidemiology-of-anthrax, 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4041834/ | Multiple newer sources state that the anthrax toxin is not a single exotoxin composed of three molecules. Bacillus anthracis produces two anthrax toxins (exotoxins), edema toxin (ET) and lethal toxin (LT), each of which consists of two subunits. When the protective antigen (PA) combines with the edema factor (EF), it gives rise to the edema toxin. When the protective antigen (PA) combines with the lethal factor (LF) it gives rise to the lethal toxin. So to summarize: LT = LF + PA, ET = EF + PA. Please correct this on page 132 (footnote) as well. | Minor erratum | 01/07/19 2:39 AM |
| 54 | 138 | Microbiology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Clostridia | https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093458?casa_token=ga1wCncZq4UAAAAA:6rU4x_nmFz-dAJ9q_iqIZOS1Ka0ezH43uV1IczlQ2Rihc7gqh_9WTsxvAaNCzuukflE2qSqiQDxygpJ- | Toxin A was initially considered Enterotoxin and Toxin B as cytotoxin. However, consensus has changed in last 2-3 years. Both Toxin A as well as Toxin B have enterotoxicity. | Minor erratum | 01/02/19 11:17 AM |
| 55 | 140 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Mycobacteria | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/230802-overview | Mycobacterium tuberculosis DOES NOT stain with a gram stain. First Aid states that it is gram positive, this is false | Major erratum | 01/09/19 2:35 AM |
| 56 | 141 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Gram-negative lab algorithm | https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1551§ionid=94106931 | Enterobacteriaceae(E. coli, serrate, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter) are oxidate test negative. Of the bacilli given in table on page 141, only 'P'seudomonas is oxidase 'P'ositive.(both starting with P) | High-yield addition to next year | 01/01/19 12:35 PM |
| 57 | 142 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Haemophilus influenzae | UWorld question id: 963 explanation; Koneman's Color Alas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology 6th ed, pg 446 | Haemophilus Influenzae can also be grown with S aureus, which provides factor V DIRECTLY, and provides FACTOR X via RBC hemolysis. | Major erratum | 01/16/19 7:58 AM |
| 58 | 144 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Yersinia enterocolitica | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/microbiology-and-pathogenesis-of-yersinia-infections | I found this to be mentioned alot in USMLE stem questions ""Conditions associated with iron-overload such as chronic liver disease, hemochromatosis, and thalassemias have been associated with an increased risk of invasive yersiniosis | High-yield addition to next year | 12/31/18 5:42 AM |
| 59 | 146 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacterial taxonomy | UWorld | V vulnificus has some interesting properties that would be beneficial to have in First Aid: Vibrio vulnificus grows in brackish coastal water and marine environments. transmission primarily occurs due to consumption of raw seafood or wound contamination. Manifestations are often mild but individuals with liver disease or iron overload are at very high risk of severe, fulminant infection (eg sepsis, necrotizing faciitis). Free iron acts as an exponential growth catalyst for the bacterium | High-yield addition to next year | 01/15/19 11:06 AM |
| 60 | 148 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | VDRL false positives | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312652/ and https://www.ama-assn.org/residents-students/usmle/heres-most-missed-usmle-test-prep-question-and-right-answer | "Drugs" here is referring to specific types of drugs (e.g., chlorpromazine, procainamide) or to IV drug users? I've found reference to both of them, I just need some clarification | Clarification to current text | 12/27/18 10:49 PM |
| 61 | 159 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/toxocariasis-visceral-and-ocular-larva-migrans 2. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(17)30331-6/fulltext | Most pts w/ Visceral larva migrans (T. canis) are asymptomatic. MC occurs in children and results in hepatitis and pneumonitis (if symptomatic). Hepatic sx - hepatomegaly or nodular lesions. Lung sx - dyspnea, wheezing, and a chronic nonproductive cough in 20-80% of pts. Ocular larva migrans is common. CNS and cardiac involvement are rare but are potentially life-threatening complications. So the text should be corrected as "Most often asymptomatic. If symptoms arise (particularly in children), most commonly occur in lung (pneumonitis), eye (visual impairment, blindness - "Ocular larva migrans"), liver (hepatomegaly, nodular lesions). Disease can rarely affect heart (myocarditis) and CNS (seizures, coma)" | Minor erratum | 01/04/19 4:21 AM |
| 62 | 159 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/loiasis/treatment.html | Loa loa infection refractory to diethylcarbamazine may be treated with albendazole. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/09/19 3:50 PM |
| 63 | 166 | Microbiology | Virology | Viral structure—general features | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC112152/ | It is stated that CMV interacts with integrins such as heparan sulfate, but I believe this should be RSV. It has been recognized that the RSV G protein attaches to heparan sulfate on host cells. | Minor erratum | 01/11/19 12:51 PM |
| 64 | 182 | Microbiology | Systems | ToRCHeS infections | FA p. 182 | Go to IT to fix your PC (Intraventricular calcifications with Toxoplasmosis; Periventricular calcifications with Cytomegalovirus) | Mnemonic | 12/28/18 11:11 AM |
| 65 | 183 | Microbiology | Systems | Red rashes of childhood | i have no hyperlinks, i came up with that | after a Rad Party, CHug Milk and Sleep Vell ( Rubella virus , Parvovirus B19, Coxsackievirus type A, HHV-8, Measles virus, Strep. pyogenes, Vzv) | Mnemonic | 12/25/18 1:44 PM |
| 66 | 184 | Microbiology | Systems | Sexually transmitted infections | N/A | Granuloma inguinale --> The character "A" which cites the picture, has a different font compared to elsewhere in the book. | Spelling/formatting | 12/29/18 3:32 AM |
| 67 | 188 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Penicillinase-resistant penicillins | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5517843/ | Kindly add methicillin to the list of penicillase-resistant penicillins | High-yield addition to next year | 12/31/18 3:11 AM |
| 68 | 190 | Microbiology | Pharmacology | Clostridia | Uworld | Fidaxomicin is a macrocytic antibiotic that inhibits RNA polymerase and is bactericidal to C. difficile. | High-yield addition to next year | 12/30/18 1:09 PM |
| 69 | 192 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Tetracyclines | Not needed. | For mechanism of resistance: Tetracyclines are treated as Trash by bacteria. You dont want to bring Trash inside (reduced uptake) you want to throw it out (increased efflux) | Mnemonic | 01/01/19 6:51 AM |
| 70 | 196 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Rifamycins | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rifamycins-rifampin-rifabutin-rifapentine/print | Current text claims "Rifampin ramps up cytochrome P-450, but rifabutin does not." This is not true, as rifabutin is considered an inducer of CYP-450, although to a lesser extent than rifampin. I suggest the following rewrite: "Rifampin RAMPS up cytochrome P-450. So does Rifabutin, BUT less so." | Minor erratum | 01/10/19 1:38 PM |
| 71 | 197 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Ethambutol | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ethambutol-an-overview | Replace "may be reversible" with "usually reversible". Optic neuritis is reversible in most patients. | Clarification to current text | 01/07/19 2:43 AM |
| 72 | 199 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Amphotericin B | 1. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacology-of-amphotericin-b, 2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-cryptococcus-neoformans-meningoencephalitis-in-hiv-infected-patients | Replace "Intrathecally for fungal meningitis" with "Intrathecally for coccidioidal meningitis". Intrathecal administration is not used for cryptococcal meningitis. | Clarification to current text | 01/07/19 2:45 AM |
| 73 | 199 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Antifungal therapy | UWorld, UpToDate | Azoles specifically blocks 14-alpha-demethylase (the cytochrome P450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol) | Clarification to current text | 01/15/19 6:33 PM |
| 74 | 201 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Drug names | UpToDate Docosanol: Drug information | Docosanol is a topical agent that prevents viral entry and replication at the cellular level. It is used for orolabial herpes | High-yield addition to next year | 01/15/19 6:00 PM |
| 75 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | not needed | For abacavir association with HLA-B*57:01, highlight AB in abacavir red and highlight the A-B in HLA-B*57:01 red for memory aid | Mnemonic | 12/22/18 1:52 PM |
| 76 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | not needed | "miraviroCXX"; (CXX is roman numerals for 120, gp120) | Mnemonic | 12/28/18 8:48 AM |
| 77 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773846/ | Maraviroc is not a fusion inhibitor. It is a co-receptor binding inhibitor. Both fusion inhibitors and co-receptor binding inhibitors are considered ENTRY inhibitors. I recommend changing "Fusion inhibitors" with "Entry inhibitors". This also applies to the chart on page 201. | Major erratum | 01/07/19 2:47 AM |
| 78 | 206 | Pathology | Pathology | Cellular adaptations | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.aub.edu.lb/contents/epidemiology-and-pathogenesis-of-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia; https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.aub.edu.lb/contents/overview-of-benign-breast-disease | Add "BPH" as an exception to neoplastic potential of hyperplasia, and add "apocrine metaplasia of the breast" as an exception to neoplastic potential of metaplasia. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/12/19 11:30 AM |
| 79 | 212 | Pathology | Pathology | Amyloidosis | https://watermark.silverchair.com/ajcpath108-0289.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAk0wggJJBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggI6MIICNgIBADCCAi8GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMtlki02qZntdM7fHhAgEQgIICAKb0OCRLIttoA307SWFQyMWGFQoZqVdeyp0SkLJU_bBGQ1LsNYjblQkqprShv4Anu-BVtNaDFDb0rEbYMNMZXBtWrQDaA4M7c8yJnnw4foUc-bvHtLPYWVSVIC2Qh3PfD5EnrmDoXIXvTfGPHMM_J4sveANlPRx7tbznKpmhJR5k8_DeWhB77aU5zJVYBMbfbAxb-pC0mvK8IE68J81KaqBL6sUdXVfkrA29G3hFdi2LSLFJnrBw9IJ5eXtkcohaY7iCO5_U6tHizycQ6nPjk8FJIf13nexfkb_HL1YQ-MnPcpsgf5gwegWZQC59iJ6v9c8IVGi7q1dM9OGG7ePZJ09fVPlmJksMiE9Bz-dShJMh7FyzmJhUMd7HSwfkoB9X2_t1QjxJUKldo25HIUJrGbUvOMuoex97_F-_ZbBnv2GODQUnm-5J3_QwlCZLvQVulEJx9KiqvZrMn3ekybkZS0o9nNG8FNmOP62QnYUKeDCI2FTbQ9AUgIDjBeT5fhkRG0khUNeZo14hhMQqJAFMxni6KhS-W_Go6faMIsX6q6BTpOQDjbb4NTuNCtHgPC9KHPiWxV2izvxCKogPXbgAfa1V4sHICtoOHFr3DXWutRT4GFi5hVMjVIC7KY24T88bnaokEKP4xwWuKkIuhsd2B9fR-UZfh3JKoIpcBqK_Hmtq | Calcitonin amyloid is known as 'ACal' (There should be no space between 'A' and 'Cal') | Spelling/formatting | 12/23/18 3:47 AM |
| 80 | 213 | Pathology | Inflammation | Acute phase reactants | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-phase-reactants | Next to Fibrinogen, the addition of an "upwards" arrow before ESR would clarify the result of increased fibrinogen. | Clarification to current text | 01/02/19 4:22 AM |
| 81 | 213 | Pathology | Inflammation | Acute phase reactants | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-phase-reactants | The addition of an arrow pointing upwards and ESR (*increases ESR*) would be helpful if placed next to "Positive (Upregulated)". Otherwise, it would be helpful if "*upwards arrow* Acute Phase Reactants" was placed on Page 214 next to Inflammation under "increased ESR". | Clarification to current text | 01/02/19 4:25 AM |
| 82 | 223 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Carcinogens | N/A | "Ionizing radiation" row --> please add "Blood" under organ column for "Leukemias" | Minor erratum | 01/09/19 8:07 AM |
| 83 | 224 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Common metastases | FA 2019 Page 224 | remove highlight from these letters "ungs" in the word "Lungs" in the mnemonic(Painful Bones Kill The Lungs) , keep just "L" in red color. | Spelling/formatting | 01/05/19 1:17 PM |
| 84 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Oncogenes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19462461 | JAK2 is a "Non-receptor" tyrosine kinase. This is clarified in case of BCR-ABL - that it is a "non-receptor" tyrosine kinase. However, JAK2 does not have this clarification | Clarification to current text | 12/23/18 3:29 AM |
| 85 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Oncogenes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23059849/ | RET associated neoplasm is familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Many students think medullary carcinoma alone which is excluded here but a clarification to familial would help | High-yield addition to next year | 01/10/19 9:51 PM |
| 86 | 234 | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Pharmacokinetics | http://tmedweb.tulane.edu/pharmwiki/doku.php/basic_principles_of_pharm | Under agonist with noncompetitive antagonist it states that this would lead to a decrease in potency and efficacy. However, the ED50 would be equal for agonist alone or agonist with noncompetitive antagonist therefore the potency should be unchanged. | Minor erratum | 01/05/19 1:32 PM |
| 87 | 236 | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Therapeutic index | FA 2019 Page 251 | suggest making *The* in "Theophylline " and in the word "These" in mnemonic , in red color , like mnemonic in page 251. | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 2:08 PM |
| 88 | 238 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-spontaneous-preterm-birth | Mention in the caption of the diagram in the bottom that Myosin light-chain kinase causes vascular smooth muscle contraction. Also in the diagram , next to myosin light-chain kinase(smooth muscle) , add an arrow that says "vasodilation of blood vessels". | Clarification to current text | 01/02/19 1:52 PM |
| 89 | 241 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Atropine | not needed | DUMBBELSS in p240 is changed to DUMBBeLSS, I wonder if there is some story behind and suggest making it more clear. | Mnemonic | 01/10/19 3:56 AM |
| 90 | 244 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | α-blockers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2417047/ | Under ‘α2 selective’ please add Clonidine and Alpha Methyl dopa. These drugs cause a decrease in generalised sympathetic outflow and a decrease in blood pressure. Rebound hypertension is a concern with abrupt cessation. (The index of the book says these drugs can be found on page 240 and 244 but they are NOT there on these pages!) | Clarification to current text | 12/31/18 5:46 AM |
| 91 | 246 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Ingested seafood toxins | Not needed. | Tetradotoxin Terminates sodium channel activity while ‘Siguatoxin’ Starts sodium channel activity. | Mnemonic | 01/01/19 6:55 AM |
| 92 | 250 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—neurologic | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16449853 | Under Visual Disturbances, Isoniazid does not cause "optic neuropathy/color vision changes." Only Ethambutol is known to do this. | Minor erratum | 01/06/19 12:05 AM |
| 93 | 252 | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous | Drug names | Not needed | The table is missing fluoroquinolones: -floxacin / fluoroquinolones/ ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 2:54 AM |
| 94 | 266 | Public Health Sciences | Ethics | Ethical situations | https://www.deathwithdignity.org/terminology/ | The situation where a terminally ill patient requests physician assistance in ending his/her life is currently being referred to as "physician assisted suicide," which is widely viewed as a biased term, as "suicide" does not accurately describe a terminally ill patient wishing to hasten their death. It would be more appropriate to refer to it as "physician assisted death" | Minor erratum | 01/15/19 9:19 AM |
| 95 | 270 | Public Health Sciences | Healthcare Delivery | Medicare and Medicaid | It's Mnemonic | The 4(fou*R*) parts of Medica*R*e ,not Medicaid. | Mnemonic | 01/06/19 3:19 PM |
| 96 | 270 | Public Health Sciences | Healthcare Delivery | Common causes of death (US) by age | First aid 2019 | AIDS | Spelling/formatting | 01/11/19 1:24 PM |
| 97 | 277 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Auscultation of the heart | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiologic-and-pharmacologic-maneuvers-in-the-differential-diagnosis-of-heart-murmurs-and-sounds?search=auscultation%20of%20heart%20sounds§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H2&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=4~150&display_rank=4#H2 | *I*nspiration increases intensity of r*I*ght heart sounds; *E*xpiration increases intensity of l*E*ft heart sounds | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 12:30 PM |
| 98 | 278 | Cardiovascular | Embryology | Heart embryology | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107421/ | The posterior CARDINAL vein, and not "posterior vein", gives rise to the IVC. | Major erratum | 01/07/19 2:56 AM |
| 99 | 279 | Cardiovascular | Embryology | Heart morphogenesis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893798-overview | In the figure showing the spiraling of the aorticopulmonary septum, the spiral is drawn in the wrong direction. The aorta should be spiraling over the pulmonary trunk, not under it. | Minor erratum | 01/05/19 1:25 PM |
| 100 | 281 | Cardiovascular | Anatomy | Cardiac and vascular function curves | www.usmle-rx.com | In Coronary Blood supply, there's a repeat on content regarding LAD supply. | Major erratum | 12/27/18 9:36 AM |
| 101 | 281 | Cardiovascular | Anatomy | Anatomy of the heart | http://www.vhlab.umn.edu/atlas/coronary-arteries/lad-left-anterior-descending-artery/index.shtml | LAD supplies the anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum, anterior left ventricle, anterolateral papillary muscle, and provides collateral circulation to the Right ventricle. It is the most commonly occluded. The left circumflex (LCX) supplies anterior of interventricular septum, anterolateral papillary muscle, left atrium, and the posterior and lateral sides of the left ventricle. | Major erratum | 12/27/18 5:58 PM |
| 102 | 281 | Cardiovascular | Anatomy | Myocardial infarction complications | N/A | Under CORONARY BLOOD SUPPLY on page 281, Cardiovascular - Anatomy, there is a description of the structures supplied by the LAD, followed immediately by a second sentence repeating the same information. It would help save space in the 2020 edition if these two sentences were condensed. | Spelling/formatting | 01/10/19 6:10 PM |
| 103 | 282 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Cardiac output variables | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/surgical-management-of-heart-failure?search=laplace%27s%20law%20hypertrophy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | LV compensates for ↑afterload by thickenin (hypertrophy) in order to ↓wall tension; wall tension should be changed into wall stress | Minor erratum | 01/06/19 2:58 AM |
| 104 | 285 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253755/ | In the ventricular volume curve of the second graph, it is shown that during the atrial systole the ventricular volume increases gradually and then decreases to the level that it was prior to the atrial systole. This is wrong. The ventricular volume increases and remains at that volume (isovolumetric contraction) until the aortic valve opens. | Major erratum | 01/07/19 3:01 AM |
| 105 | 295 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Capillary fluid exchange | Not needed. | Used as an example of a great number of facts that are not listed correctly in the index. Page numbers are off by quite a bit. | Clarification to current text | 01/12/19 9:17 AM |
| 106 | 297 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/genetics-of-dilated-cardiomyopathy?search=Genetics%20of%20dilated%20cardiomyopathy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy could be familiar: defect in gene TTN that codes for protein titin. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/15/19 11:33 PM |
| 107 | 298 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | Step prep question on USMLE RX. | The entry for Turner Syndrome under congenital cardiac defect associations should specify that these individuals are at risk for *juxtaductal* aortic coarctation. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/11/19 2:40 PM |
| 108 | 301 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Kussmaul sign | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/constrictive-pericarditis?search=Constrictive%20pericarditisConstrictive%20pericarditis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~95&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | Constrictive pericarditis could be a complication of radiation therapy of non-honking lymphoma. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/17/19 1:08 AM |
| 109 | 303 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Diagnosis of myocardial infarction | https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2017/08/14/12/31/eliminating-creatine-kinase-myocardial-band-testing | CK-MB is no longer recommended in the diagnosis of reinfarction following acute MI (ACC/AHA 2013 Guidelines) | Major erratum | 12/26/18 10:32 PM |
| 110 | 305 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/23/3/586 | Important cause of dilated cardiomyopathy is coronary artery disease | Clarification to current text | 01/08/19 9:51 AM |
| 111 | 307 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Bacterial endocarditis | Not needed | Mnemonic -> Owsler nodes. Ow indicates pain and helps differentiating the hand lesions in endocarditis (Osler vs Janeway). | Mnemonic | 01/07/19 3:05 AM |
| 112 | 308 | Rapid Review | Pathology | Rheumatic fever | https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/jones-criteria-diagnosis-rheumatic | HALF (minor criteria for rheumatic fever): H-Heart block (↑PR interval) A-Arthralgia “L”-Elevated ESR/CRP, Leukocytosis F-Fever Need 2 major criteria or 1 major & 2 minor criteria for diagnosis. (2 HALF make up for 1 J♥NES) | Mnemonic | 01/01/19 6:03 PM |
| 113 | 309 | Index | Pathology | Cardiac tamponade | N/A | The fact for 'Pulsus paradoxus' below cardiac tamponade is incorrectly said to be on page 315 in the index. | Spelling/formatting | 01/04/19 11:34 AM |
| 114 | 309 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Cardiac tamponade | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157096-overview | Constrictive pericardisit : Pericardium loses its elasticity, Stiff, Thickened, sticky. Results from : Pericarditis, Radiation, Heart surgery. Symptoms of congestion - Heart cannot fill properly: Dyspnea, Raised JVP, Edema. Pulsus Paradoxus & kussmaul sign. Rapid Y desent in Jugular venous pulse curve | High-yield addition to next year | 01/10/19 1:55 PM |
| 115 | 310 | Index | Index | Vasculitides | FAS1 2019 | Giant cell arthritis is listed as being on page 315, but it is actually on 310. | Major erratum | 01/08/19 12:18 PM |
| 116 | 311 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Vasculitides | Spelling error | Immunoglobulin A vasculitis is associated with BERGER disease (i.e. IgA nephropathy) not BUERGER disease (i.e. thromboangiitis obliterans) | Spelling/formatting | 01/04/19 9:26 AM |
| 117 | 311 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Vasculitides | N/A | Page 311 states that immunoglobulin A vasculitis is associated with IgA nephropathy (Buerger disease) when it should be *Berger* disease. Confusing because Buerger disease is another vasculidity. | Spelling/formatting | 01/04/19 9:16 PM |
| 118 | 311 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239927-overview | In Immunoglobulin A vasculitis, "Associated with IgA nephropathy (Buerger disease)" must be "Associated with IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)" | Major erratum | 01/09/19 8:35 AM |
| 119 | 311 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329255-overview | Mixed cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis due to mixed IgG and IgA immune complex deposition. This is incorrect, mixed cryoglobulinemia contain rheumatoid factors (RFs), which are usually IgM and, rarely, IgG or IgA | Major erratum | 01/15/19 9:49 AM |
| 120 | 312 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Cardiac tumors | FA2019 lists Myxomas as the most common primary cardiac adult tumor | "Adults make myxed drinks" to remember that myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors in adults, vs. rhabdomyomas in children. | Mnemonic | 01/03/19 9:19 PM |
| 121 | 312 | Index | Pharmacology | Kussmaul sign | N/A | The index incorrectly lists this fact to be on page 319. | Spelling/formatting | 01/04/19 11:30 AM |
| 122 | 313 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | . | Concerning dihydropyridines : MALO and NIMO are CLEaVIng and kNIFing each other in a CAR .All of them end with -dipine. | Mnemonic | 01/02/19 2:57 PM |
| 123 | 313 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Nitrates | Not needed | Add methemoglobinemia to the side effects of nitrates. Already mentioned on page 648 of FA2018. Knowledge of this fact is HY (seen on NBMEs). | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 3:07 AM |
| 124 | 315 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Lipid-lowering agents | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pcsk9-inhibitors-pharmacology-adverse-effects-and-use?search=pcsk9&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~31&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H1063920136 | In the figure at the bottom of the page, an arrow going from PCSK9 to LDL receptor is marked with a ‘+’ which is misleading because PCSK9 works by reducing LDLR levels on the plasma membrane. Hence if PCSK9 is blocked, more LDLRs are recycled and are present on the surface of cells. | Clarification to current text | 12/31/18 6:46 AM |
| 125 | 322 | Endocrine | Embryology | Thyroid development | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview | Parafollicular cells are neural crest (ectoderm derived), not endoderm derived | Minor erratum | 12/28/18 6:57 PM |
| 126 | 326 | Endocrine | Physiology | Prolactin | None needed | In the figure "Primary hypothyroidism" is misspelled as "Primary hypothroidism" | Spelling/formatting | 01/15/19 4:11 PM |
| 127 | 328 | Endocrine | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117140-overview | Wrong enzyme mentioned when moving from zona fasciculata to zona reticularis, should say 17,20 lyase instead of 17 alpha hydroxylase | Major erratum | 01/03/19 6:44 AM |
| 128 | 330 | Endocrine | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/papillary-thyroid-cancer?search=Papillary%20thyroid%20cancer&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~47&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Tall cell variant: folicular hiperplasia lined by tall epithelial cells, seen in adults with poor prognosis. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/06/19 6:46 PM |
| 129 | 332 | Endocrine | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | not needed | I think it is better to delete "Think Growth Factor" ,we don't need it because the new mnemonic "Get Found In the MAP" is clear | Clarification to current text | 12/30/18 1:19 PM |
| 130 | 332 | Endocrine | Pathology | Adrenal cortex and medulla | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/216821 | Adrenal insuffuciency metyrapone test-it says "In 1* adrenal insufficiency, ACTH is (arrow pointing up) but 11 deoxycortisol remains (arrow pointing down)" which I think should clarify that the ACTH is high before test even (not increased by metyrapone) and that after test it stays high too and the 11-deoxycortisol remains low after test. | Clarification to current text | 01/03/19 11:17 AM |
| 131 | 334 | Endocrine | Pathology | Adrenal insufficiency | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/metyrapone-stimulation-tests?source=autocomplete&index=0~1&search=metyrapone#H3541141777 | Under the metyrapone stimulation test, the text states that you would observe decreased ACTH if 2º/3º adrenal insufficiency. This is misleading; the ACTH response would still be elevated but just not as elevated as expected. It might also be useful to include a note that metyrapone stimulation test is most sensitive for detecting defects in ACTH secretion, whereas random serum ACTH is a better tool for differentiating between 1º and 2º/3º adrenal insufficiency. | Clarification to current text | 01/16/19 10:31 AM |
| 132 | 335 | Endocrine | Pathology | Carcinoid syndrome | my brain | CARCINOID 5yndrome mnemonic | Mnemonic | 01/12/19 11:45 AM |
| 133 | 336 | Endocrine | Pathology | Pheochromocytoma | N/A | "Rule of 10's:" 10% of MEdullary, Chromaffin cells, Be, Kids (10% Malignant, 10% Extra-adrenal, 10% Calcify, 10% Bilateral, 10% Kids | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 2:04 PM |
| 134 | 337 | Endocrine | Pathology | VIPoma | It's Mnemonic | V*1*poma --> associated with MEN *1*. | Mnemonic | 12/30/18 7:36 AM |
| 135 | 337 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism | None | No blue brackets present in image to indicate onycholysis | Spelling/formatting | 01/02/19 8:47 PM |
| 136 | 340 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Insulin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/general-principles-of-insulin-therapy-in-diabetes-mellitus?search=General%20principles%20of%20insulin%20therapy%20in%20diabetes%20mellitus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | regular insulin start its effect at 30 minutes and peek 4=6 hr andaréis acting insulin star at 15 minutes and peek at 2=4 hr. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/08/19 8:33 PM |
| 137 | 344 | Endocrine | Pathology | Diabetes insipidus | It's Mnemonic | *N*ephrogenic DI --->* N*ormal ADH levels. | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 8:42 AM |
| 138 | 347 | Endocrine | Pathology | Multiple endocrine neoplasias | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123447-overview | MEN 1(1 Person): Pituatry,Pancreas,Parathyroid. MEN 2(2 people=Male & Female): Feochromocytoma+Medullary thyroid. Male/Boy(2B) :(Mucosal neuromas/Marfanoid) | Mnemonic | 01/09/19 4:05 AM |
| 139 | 349 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus management | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4620230/#!po=0.375940 | In the 4th row, the adverse effects column reads ‘Not recommended if kidney function is impaired.’ This text should be deleted or modified as acarbose is considered an ideal candidate for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. | Minor erratum | 12/24/18 11:51 PM |
| 140 | 350 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs | It's Mnemonic | pronounce (Cinacalcet) like (Sena*Ca*lcet )= *Sen*sitizes *Ca*2+-sensing receptor.\highlight "sen" and "ca". | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 8:58 AM |
| 141 | 356 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Digestive tract anatomy | not needed | To help remember frequencies of basal electric rhythm, fast to slow: "digestion is slow (stomach), mixing is fast (duodenum), absorption is in between (ileum)" | Mnemonic | 01/09/19 9:40 AM |
| 142 | 357 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Abdominal aorta and branches | N/A | Order of anterior-branching arteries of the abdominal aorta = CSI [Crime Scene Investigation], for Celiac, SMA, IMA. | Mnemonic | 01/10/19 10:29 AM |
| 143 | 367 | Gastrointestinal | Physiology | Carbohydrate absorption | not needed | All are t(2)ransported to blood by GLUT 2 .( Highlight "t" and "2") | Mnemonic | 12/30/18 7:24 AM |
| 144 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Esophageal pathologies | None | The 'New image' annotation box was left in next to the picture of pseudomembrane, on the bottom of the page. It is a yellow box in the margin. Just a formatting error, I don't believe this was supposed to be left in. | Spelling/formatting | 12/22/18 8:53 PM |
| 145 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Esophageal pathologies | First Aid | Plumber DIES instead of Plumbers DIE. The S for increase risk for "S"quamous cell carcinoma. | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 10:47 AM |
| 146 | 380 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Volvulus | First Aid versions 2018, 2019, and this NCBI article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780196/. | Mnemonic suggestion: Midgut volvulus more common in infants/children (Midgut=Minors); Sigmoid volvulus more common in elderly (Sigmoid=Seniors) | Mnemonic | 01/16/19 6:52 PM |
| 147 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | It's Mnemonic | *P*eutz-Jeghers syndrome ----> hyper*p*igmented .\highlight "P". | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 11:19 AM |
| 148 | 381 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | uworld, uptodate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peutz-jeghers-syndrome-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=peutz%20jeghers%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~47&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2 | Gene mutations associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: STK11 | High-yield addition to next year | 01/16/19 8:33 PM |
| 149 | 382 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Lynch syndrome | uworld, uptodate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lynch-syndrome-hereditary-nonpolyposis-colorectal-cancer-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=lynch%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~99&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H345552210 | Gene mutations associated with Lynch syndrome: MSH2/6, MLH1 | High-yield addition to next year | 01/16/19 8:25 PM |
| 150 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Thrombocytes (platelets) | not needed | platelet factor *f*our (4) \suggest writing "four" and highlight *f* or highlight *4* to match mnemonic. | Mnemonic | 12/31/18 2:30 PM |
| 151 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Thrombocytes (platelets) | N/A | Think DenCe granules ( aDp, Ca ) | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 3:31 AM |
| 152 | 399 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Macrophages | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19388527 | It mentions that Langerhans cells are macrophages derivatives. Whereas in old first aid (2016) and on uworld it says that Langerhans cells are dendritic cells. | Major erratum | 01/14/19 6:37 PM |
| 153 | 404 | Hematology and Oncology | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-hemostasis?search=hmwk&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~17&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | Add HMWK = High-molecular-weight kininogen to the image caption | Clarification to current text | 01/02/19 12:29 PM |
| 154 | 404 | Hematology and Oncology | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/bloodjournal/100/3/743.full.pdf?sso-checked=true | Factor XIII requires calcium to convert to XIIIa. | Minor erratum | 01/11/19 7:13 AM |
| 155 | 405 | Hematology and Oncology | Physiology | Vitamin K–dependent coagulation components | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141161 | The inactive vitamin K dependent coagulation factors are listed as II, VII, IX, C, S. Factor X was neglected. It is, however, listed as a mature, carboxylated factor. | Minor erratum | 01/04/19 11:15 AM |
| 156 | 409 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Anemias | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/780334-overview ; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2086146-overview | Consider adding "acute blood loss" to the graphic depicting the differential diagnosis of anemia. Acute blood loss typically presents as a normocytic anemia with an elevated reticulocyte index. This addition should be considered since acute blood loss is stated as "the most common cause of acute anemia seen in the emergency department (ED)" in Medscape. Links provided in the "supporting references" section. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/04/19 6:42 PM |
| 157 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Microcytic, hypochromic anemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22200/ | Alpha thalassemia is more commonly due to defect on chromosome 16 | High-yield addition to next year | 12/30/18 2:31 AM |
| 158 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Microcytic, hypochromic anemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22200/ | Beta thalassemia is more commonly due to defect on chromosome 11 | High-yield addition to next year | 12/30/18 2:32 AM |
| 159 | 410 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Microcytic, hypochromic anemias | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/202333-overview#showall (as well as Pathoma [2018] pg. 42 . Dr. Husain Sattar) | Hookworms (namely Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator Americanus) cause Iron Deficiency Anemia | High-yield addition to next year | 01/06/19 12:41 PM |
| 160 | 411 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Microcytic, hypochromic anemias | N/A | Exposure risk in Lead Poisoning should include exposure to batteries (like workers in a factory), or exposure to ammunition. Both of these exposure risks are included in the Lead Poisoning section on page 417. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/06/19 12:38 PM |
| 161 | 411 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Microcytic, hypochromic anemias | Dr. Sattar's Pathoma | Clarify the increase in RBC protoporphyrin for lead poisoning as inhibited ALAD should lead to a decrease (hence why lead poisoning can lead to a sideroblastic anemia | Clarification to current text | 01/06/19 5:57 PM |
| 162 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | mnemonic | To remember intermediates in heme synthesis and porphyrias: Pour Hot Ugandan Coffee Pronto (Porphobilinogen, Hydroxymethylbilane, uroporphyrinogen III, Coproporphyrinogen III, Protoporphyran) | Mnemonic | 12/22/18 1:31 PM |
| 163 | 416 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Interpretation of iron studies | Goljan 4th edition page 295, Pathoma 2018 edition page 43 | For anemia of chronic disease the % transferrin saturation is decreased. | Major erratum | 01/12/19 10:48 PM |
| 164 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | UpToDate: Porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis; https://www-uptodate-com.proxy1.lib.tju.edu/contents/porphyria-cutanea-tarda-and-hepatoerythropoietic-porphyria-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=porphyria%20cutanea%20tarda&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~58&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | aquired not autosomal dominant | Minor erratum | 01/17/19 7:56 AM |
| 165 | 418 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Coagulation disorders | N/A | Hemophilia A is deficient in factor Aight ( 8 ) | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 3:29 AM |
| 166 | 418 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Iron poisoning | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6215844/ | Replace "Seen in patients with 1 (hereditary ) " to "Seen in patients with 1 (hereditary hemochromatosis)". | Clarification to current text | 01/04/19 1:45 PM |
| 167 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Platelet disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4989643/ as well as Dr. Hussien Satar (Pathoma) | IgG against the platelet antigens (GpIIb/IIIa) can cross the placenta and cause a short-lived thrombocytopenia in the newborn | High-yield addition to next year | 01/03/19 4:59 AM |
| 168 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Platelet disorders | UWORLD, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/platelet-dysfunction-in-uremia | Uremic Platelet Dysfunction: Excessive bleeding in patients with renal dysfunction due to accumulation of uremic toxins that impair platelet aggregation and adhesion. Increase BT with normal PC. Patients improve with dialysis | High-yield addition to next year | 01/04/19 3:42 AM |
| 169 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Platelet disorders | Uptodate and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136592/ | Add in: "Treatment dependent on severity of thrombocytopenia; observation only for those with mild cases." Also note that ITP is most commonly caused by IgG against GPIIb/IIIa (there are other platelet glycoproteins that can be targeted resulting in ITP as well as T-cell/cell-mediated route opposed to just antibody mediated). | Clarification to current text | 01/11/19 6:23 PM |
| 170 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Platelet disorders | N/A | Symptoms of TTP mnemonic: FAT RN (Fever, microangiopathic hemolytic Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal Failure, Neurologic symptoms) | Mnemonic | 01/12/19 10:53 AM |
| 171 | 420 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-in-adults?search=DIC%20causes§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H255175&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H255175 | Transfusion is too generic. DIC often occurs in the setting of intravascular hemolysis, often due to an Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR). | Clarification to current text | 01/16/19 2:31 PM |
| 172 | 420 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Mixed platelet and coagulation disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-in-adults?search=DIC%20causes§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H255175&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H255175 | Intravascular hemolysis is one of the causes of DIC (e.g., AHTR and malaria). | High-yield addition to next year | 01/16/19 2:32 PM |
| 173 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCL6 | for the Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma please include that "BCl-6 is on chromosome 3" | High-yield addition to next year | 12/30/18 11:48 PM |
| 174 | 423 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Multiple myeloma | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-overview#a3; Dr. Jason Ryan of Boards and Beyond mentions this as an important fact in his reputable board-review series. | Multiple Myeloma, and the growth of myeloma cells, is highly dependent on IL-6. It is required required for myeloma cell proliferation. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/06/19 5:08 AM |
| 175 | 423 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Myelodysplastic syndromes | lecture slides | Would be helpful to mention that MDS has increased bone marrow cellularity (cells don't leave marrow). and the 100-age for normal cellularity estimation. This is in contrast to aplastic anemia which is hypocellular. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/16/19 11:14 AM |
| 176 | 424 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Leukemias | Mnemonic | AML - "A*uer rods, M*yeloperoxidase positive, myeL*oblasts" (bolded pathognomonic signs) | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 6:01 AM |
| 177 | 424 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Leukemias | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1300874 | arsenic +ATRA treatment is specific to acute promyelocytic leukemia | Clarification to current text | 01/16/19 11:01 AM |
| 178 | 424 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Leukemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30030507; https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2018/us-fda-approves-lumoxiti-moxetumomab-pasudotox-tdfk-for-certain-patients-with-relapsed-or-refractory-hairy-cell-leukaemia.html | add in Moxetumomab pasudotox for treatment for relapse/ refactory hairy cell leukemia | High-yield addition to next year | 01/16/19 9:31 PM |
| 179 | 425 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Chronic myeloproliferative disorders | FA2018 | I saw that the JAK2 mutation (V617F) was removed from FA2019. While it makes sense that it was removed from the general section description as it does not pertain to ET or myelofibrosis, it should be readded under the subsection of polycythemia vera as it is present in ~95% of cases) | Clarification to current text | 01/16/19 12:36 PM |
| 180 | 426 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Tumor lysis syndrome | N/A | PUcK for remembering the electrolytes imbalances in TLS. Capitalization means hyper and lowercase means hypo. P (hyperphosphatemia) U (hyperuricemia) c (hypocalcemia) K (hyperkalemia) | Mnemonic | 01/14/19 11:26 AM |
| 181 | 426 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Tumor lysis syndrome | N/A | Tumor lysis syndrome is associated with chemotherapy which often makes you vomit/puke: so remember hyperPUKe for TLS--> hyperPhosphatemia, hyperUricemia, hyperKalemia | Mnemonic | 01/14/19 2:19 PM |
| 182 | 429 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Direct factor Xa inhibitors | not needed | Apixaban, rivaroxaban (Api-Xa-BAN because it bans Xa) | Mnemonic | 01/09/19 12:35 PM |
| 183 | 430 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Cancer drugs––cell cycle | First Aid | Cladribine is not S-phase specific. It is cell-cycle independent. This is clarified on page 432 but the current diagram is not consistent with the clarification. | Minor erratum | 12/26/18 11:37 PM |
| 184 | 432 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antimetabolites | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fluoropyrimidine-associated-cardiotoxicity-incidence-clinical-manifestations-mechanisms-and-management | 5-fluorouracil-induced coronary artery spasm is a potentially lethal side effect that needs to be addressed here. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/10/19 11:50 AM |
| 185 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Etoposide, teniposide | N/A | Move II the -side. To memorize that etoposide and teniposide are topoisomerase II inhibitors. | Mnemonic | 01/13/19 5:50 AM |
| 186 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Irinotecan, topotecan | N/A | "I -can". To memorize that Irinotecan and Topotecan are topoisomerase I inhibitors | Mnemonic | 01/13/19 5:53 AM |
| 187 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Imatinib, dasatinib | N/A | "Im -abl to inhibit tyrosine kinase". In order to remember that IMatinib is an inhibitor of bcr-abl. | Mnemonic | 01/13/19 5:56 AM |
| 188 | 435 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Trastuzumab | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/herceptin-ogivri-trastuzumab-342231 | In adverse effects, it says that "Heartceptin" damages the heart. I didn't understand what heartceptin was referring to so I googled and found out it is another name for trastuzumab. In First Aid 2018 there is herceptin written next to the fact title but in First Aid 2019 there isn't. | Clarification to current text | 12/28/18 3:51 PM |
| 189 | 435 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Tamoxifen, raloxifene | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mechanisms-of-action-of-selective-estrogen-receptor-modulators-and-down-regulators "Both raloxifene and tamoxifen also induce hot flashes (an estrogen antagonist effect)" | Hot flashes can be caused by raloxifene as well, not only tamoxifen. | Clarification to current text | 01/07/19 3:10 AM |
| 190 | 436 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Key chemotoxicities | FA 2018 page 431, Antitumor antibiotics section | Add daunorubicin next to doxorubicin (same format with the D capitalized and in red color). | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 3:12 AM |
| 191 | 438 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Spinal cord—lower extent | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-low-back-pain-in-adults?search=Evaluation%20of%20low%20back%20pain%20in%20adults&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Differential diagnosis of back pain. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/15/19 11:52 PM |
| 192 | 439 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Wrist region | FA 2019 for Usmle step 1 Text Book, Page 439 | on line 11th, after the phrase "the radial artery", there are two dots: (..) instead of one at the end of the sentence. | Spelling/formatting | 01/06/19 6:32 PM |
| 193 | 440 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Upper extremity nerves | https://teachmeanatomy.info/upper-limb/muscles/upper-arm/ https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-upper-extremity-peripheral-nerve-syndromes?search=musculocutaneous%20nerve&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H7507770 | The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, not the triceps and thus the triceps reflex should not be affected although it is supplied by C7 (radial nerve) | Major erratum | 01/13/19 3:23 AM |
| 194 | 448 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Achondroplasia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achondroplasia?search=achondroplasia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~114&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | "Membranous ossification is affected", should instead be "Membranous ossification is NOT affected". Endochondral ossification is affected while membranous ossification is not affected, hence leading to a large head relative to limbs. | Minor erratum | 12/27/18 7:50 AM |
| 195 | 449 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteopetrosis | http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-73/issue-9/839.html | Also known as "Marble Bone Disease". was a question about in UWorld | High-yield addition to next year | 12/22/18 9:35 PM |
| 196 | 450 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteitis deformans | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/713989_9 | Pagets disease is caused by: Paramyxovirus (measles and RSV) | High-yield addition to next year | 12/24/18 5:37 PM |
| 197 | 450 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Muscle proprioceptors | not needed | the title "Muscle proprioceptors" is highlighted in yellow ,I suggested removing the highlight , It's not in the book style. | Clarification to current text | 01/01/19 10:15 AM |
| 198 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common musculoskeletal conditions | not needed | the phrase "Patellofemoral" is highlighted in yellow ,I suggested removing the highlight , It's not in the book style. | Clarification to current text | 01/01/19 10:17 AM |
| 199 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Childhood musculoskeletal conditions | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imhI6PLtGLc | The text mentions "Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers" but by convention it is named "Barlow and Ortolani Maneuvers". The reason for specific order lies in fact that Barlow Maneuver is always performed before Ortolani maneuver to confirm the developmental dysplasia of hip. Also, this maneuver is usually performed at the age 0-3 months as it comes negative usually after the age of 3 months. | Minor erratum | 01/10/19 6:41 AM |
| 200 | 453 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Childhood musculoskeletal conditions | https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/slipped-capital-femoral-epiphysis-scfe | Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis indicates age as approximately 12 yo. and does not provide direction. Usually, the age of occurrence is 12-16 yo for Boys and 10-14 yo for girls. The Epiphysis is shifted downwards compared to femoral neck. | Minor erratum | 01/10/19 7:05 AM |
| 201 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | FA 2019 Page 457 | white arrow*s* in (F). | Spelling/formatting | 01/04/19 12:33 PM |
| 202 | 461 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Seronegative spondyloarthritis | not needed | the phrase "spondylarthritis" is highlighted in yellow ,I suggested removing the highlight , It's not in the book style. | Clarification to current text | 01/01/19 10:21 AM |
| 203 | 470 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Skin infections | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/910570-workup | The histologic picture of Molluscum Contagiosum cytoplasmic bodies is very high yield to know for step1 | High-yield addition to next year | 01/10/19 10:33 AM |
| 204 | 471 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Autoimmune blistering skin disorders | First Aid | Vulgar words come from the mouth so there's oral involvement | Mnemonic | 01/11/19 1:56 PM |
| 205 | 475 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Aspirin | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8397891 | Under side effects of Aspirin, tinnitus is listed. In parenthesis it says CN 7. However, the tinnitus is due to CN 8. | Major erratum | 12/22/18 8:46 PM |
| 206 | 475 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Aspirin | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948907-overview | in adverse effect part, after the word "tinnitus", CN VII should be corrected as: CN VIII | Major erratum | 01/02/19 9:30 PM |
| 207 | 476 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Gout drugs | https://www.ebmconsult.com/articles/allopurinol-azathioprine-interaction-mechanism-wbc | Text says "increase concentrations of xanthine oxidase active metabolites, azathioprine, and 6-MP.". This text is confusing. It should be replaced by "Increases the concentrations of drugs metabolized by xanthine oxidase e.g. 6-MP (and it's prodrug Azathioprine) and increases the potential toxicity of these drugs if their concentration is not reduced" | Clarification to current text | 01/12/19 6:07 PM |
| 208 | 483 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Neurotransmitter changes with disease | https://accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.vcom.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?sectionid=147035958&bookid=1969&jumpsectionID=147036058&Resultclick=2#1137636972 | In this section, the location of serotonin synthesis is written as Raphe Nucleus (medulla). I have found other resources that say that the raphe nuclei are located in both the medulla and the pons. In fact, some resources have said that they are more substantial in the pons. | Major erratum | 01/16/19 6:48 PM |
| 209 | 491 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Circle of Willis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1877617-overview https://radiopaedia.org/articles/anterior-choroidal-artery?lang=us | On the Circle of WIllis diagram on page 491, the ant. choroidal A. comes from the MCA, but in reality it is a branch of the ICA. | Minor erratum | 01/07/19 11:40 AM |
| 210 | 494 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy | Cranial nerves | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cranial-nerves-mnemonic?lang=us | Mnemonic: Oof, Oop, Ouch, Touch Try And Feel Very Good Velvet Accessing Heaven! Description: First 3 words are in alphabetical order and give idea of first 3 Cranial Nerves i.e. Oof (Olfactory), Oop (Optic), Ouch (Oculomotor) Next comes other nerves: Touch (Trochlear), Try (Trigeminal), Feel (Facial), Very (vestibulocochlear), Good (Glossopharyngeal), Velvet (Vagus), Accessing (Accessory), Heaven (Hypoglossal). This mnemonic is an improvisation of existing online mnemonic (that was confusing to most) Adding alphabetical order and caring for similar phonetics helped improve existing mnemonic. For your reference online mnemonic was " Ooh Ooh Ooh to touch and feel very good velvet! Such Heaven". You can notice the the difference and use whichever one you find better. | Mnemonic | 01/02/19 11:26 AM |
| 211 | 498 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Clinical reflexes | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1147993-overview | Mnemonics are missing from reflexes. | Spelling/formatting | 12/30/18 11:13 AM |
| 212 | 499 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Common brain lesions | not needed | in frontal eye lid lesion, (or at the hemiplegia) should be changed into "away from the hemiolegia" | Major erratum | 01/08/19 12:36 AM |
| 213 | 499 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Common brain lesions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/internuclear-ophthalmoparesis?csi=4e09571d-2500-4a0e-b534-f89be1463f01&source=contentShare | Paramedian pontine reticular formation should read: Eyes looks AWAY FROM side of hemiplegia. | Major erratum | 01/14/19 12:13 PM |
| 214 | 506 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Headaches | It's Mnemonic | *T*ension ---> *Bi*lateral =Two lateral. | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 5:56 AM |
| 215 | 512 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/guillain-barre-syndrome-pathogenesis | Causes of Guillain-Barre: MC CHiVE Mycoplasma, Campylobacter jejuni, Cmv, Hemophilus influenzae, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein-barr virus. | Mnemonic | 12/28/18 10:19 AM |
| 216 | 513 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | FA 2019 Page 513 | Highlight the letter *T* and *S* in "Tuberous sclerosis" to match the mnemonic. | Clarification to current text | 01/04/19 8:22 AM |
| 217 | 516 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | I just tried to find a way to differentiate between Pilocytic astrocytoma and Medulloblastoma | "Pilocytic" astrocytoma is Cystic+Solid (vs Medulloblastoma), just like a "Pillow" stuffed with cottons! | Mnemonic | 01/05/19 2:08 PM |
| 218 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Meninges | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-acute-bacterial-meningitis-in-adults | Add a new section on "Meningitis" in Neuropathology. Microbiology section covers common pathogens and lab findings but Neuropathology should cover clinical aspects of meningitis. I attached a picture of the information I added on my First Aid while watching Boards & Beyond Videos (by Dr. Jason Ryan). | High-yield addition to next year | 01/08/19 11:09 AM |
| 219 | 526 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Retinitis | First AId 2018 | Entry on Retinitis excluded | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 5:08 PM |
| 220 | 532 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Epilepsy drugs | not needed | vigabatrin = "Irreversible GABA TRansaminase INhibitor" (moa) | Mnemonic | 01/14/19 1:51 PM |
| 221 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Tasmar-tolcapone-1605 | Entacapone does not inhibit central COMT. The current text states that it does under the heading 'Prevent dopamine breakdown.' This drug should be Tolcapone NOT Entacapone. The diagram is correct but the current text is not. | Major erratum | 12/23/18 3:57 AM |
| 222 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacologic-treatment-of-parkinson-disease?search=entacapone%20peripheral%20COMT&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Under the strategy "Prevent dopamine breakdown," Entacapone is said to inhibit central COMT and block dopamine conversion to 3-MT. However, Entacapone works in the periphery and converts dopamine to 3-OMD. Instead of Entacapone, Tolcapone would be a more appropriate correction since this drug blocks the conversion of dopamine to 3-MT via inhibition of central COMT. Also, in another strategy on the same page, “increase L-DOPA availability,” Entacapone is already mentioned to prevent peripheral L-DOPA degradation, which is the correct mechanism of action. | Major erratum | 01/04/19 4:38 PM |
| 223 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Drug names | https://livertox.nih.gov/Entacapone.htm | "Entacapone inhibits COMT activity only peripherally, unlike tolcapone which acts both peripherally and centrally." | Major erratum | 01/10/19 12:23 AM |
| 224 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacologic-treatment-of-parkinson-disease?search=entecapone%20tolcapone&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~8&usage_type=default&display_rank=4#H204803 | Under prevent dopamine breakdown it says entecapone works by inhibiting central COMT but only tolcapone inhibits central, entecapone just does peripheral (which is correct in the diagram) | Minor erratum | 01/10/19 4:55 PM |
| 225 | 538 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Spasmolytics, antispamodics | It's Mnemonic | Tiz*a*nidine --> *α*2 *a*gonist .\highlight "a" in red color. | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 9:47 AM |
| 226 | 538 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Spasmolytics, antispamodics | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519505/ ,, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tizanidine | Tizanidine is more Tolerable than baclofen .(*T*izanidine -->*T*olerable). | Clarification to current text | 01/04/19 9:52 AM |
| 227 | 553 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | See First Aid 2018 - pg 549 which includes Paranoid personality disorder vs pg 553 First Aid 2019 does not include "paranoid"; however mnemonic on First Aid 2019 pg 553 still includes "Accusatory". | Cluter A personality disorders - mnemonic includes Accusatory; however, "Paranoid personality disorder" has been removed in First Aid 2019 pg 553. | Minor erratum | 12/30/18 3:37 PM |
| 228 | 553 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | First Aid 2018 has the disorder | Paranoid personality disorder omitted from the book | High-yield addition to next year | 01/02/19 11:19 AM |
| 229 | 553 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Cluster A personality disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639232/ ,,,First aid 2018 | you should put these paragraph "Paranoid Pervasive distrust (Accusatory) and suspiciousness of others and a profoundly cynical view of the world." | High-yield addition to next year | 01/04/19 11:00 AM |
| 230 | 565 | Renal | Abbreviations and Symbols | Renal clearance | https://academic.oup.com/ajh/article/30/4/339/2623060 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00440/full | Throughout the renal section, the Term "AT-II Receptor Blocker" is used to denote Angiotensin II receptor blocker medications. However, although the term AT-II can imply Angiotensin II, to denote ARBs as AT-II Receptor Blocker is incorrect. This is because the notation “ATII-R” does not signify the only “Angiotensin II receptor blocker.” More-so, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers actually block AT1R bringing. This is a common misnomer, but is crucial in clarifying receptor binding, as new medications regarding which receptors bind are in clinical trials. Regarding the physiology, Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II via ACE (and is inhibited by ACE-Inhibitors). Angiotensin II, however, binds to 2 receptors, AT1R (which is the target site of ARB’s), and ATIIR. The AT1R is actually the interaction targeted by ARBs. The notation “AT-II receptor blocker” denotes the incorrect binding, and as such, the common notation is rather: Ang-II receptor blocker. In summary: If you wish to denote Angiotensin II receptor blockers as ARB's, the abbreviation Ang-II must be used, rather than the misleading AT-II, as the latter denotes a separate entity Please reference Figure 1 in Carey, 2017, for visual clarification, as well as the distinction noted in Gebre et al., 2018. | Clarification to current text | 01/08/19 12:02 PM |
| 231 | 568 | Renal | Anatomy | Kidney anatomy and glomerular structure | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083626 | The lobar artery of the kidney is neither mentioned in the text nor shown in the picture: The text should change to read like this "Segmental artery -> lobar artery -> interlobar artery -> ..." | High-yield addition to next year | 01/07/19 3:14 AM |
| 232 | 574 | Renal | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | not needed | I think we don't need to highlight the letter "a" in "Fanconi" ,in red color, in the table and in the image. | Clarification to current text | 01/03/19 2:50 PM |
| 233 | 581 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Uworld | Should clarify that good pasture targets type IV collagen AND is a type 2 hypersensitivity | Clarification to current text | 12/26/18 12:50 AM |
| 234 | 587 | Renal | Pathology | Acute kidney injury | My brain | Mnemonic for the causes of nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis is CLEAR: Cisplatin, Lead, Ethylene glycol, Aminoglycosides, Radiocontrast agents | Mnemonic | 01/14/19 1:17 PM |
| 235 | 591 | Renal | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238064-overview | There is a loss of tubular cell polarity in ATN due to Na/K ATPase switching from basolateral side to lumenal side. This also increases sodium reabsorption which affects macula densa cells and further exacerbate constriction of afferent arteriole. | High-yield addition to next year | 12/27/18 4:01 PM |
| 236 | 591 | Renal | Pathology | Diffuse cortical necrosis | no link | misspeling the word CORTICAL, in the boook it's written as ORTICAL | Spelling/formatting | 01/13/19 2:52 AM |
| 237 | 592 | Renal | Pathology | Renovascular disease | It's Mnemonic | *F*ibromuscular dysplasia ---> *F*emales. | Mnemonic | 01/04/19 5:21 AM |
| 238 | 593 | Renal | Pharmacology | Diuretics site of action | Dude trust me | Change "Thiazide" to "Thiazide diuretics". | Spelling/formatting | 01/07/19 3:16 AM |
| 239 | 594 | Renal | Pharmacology | Loop diuretics | http://austinpublishinggroup.com/nephrology/fulltext/ajnh-v1-id1025.php | Loop diuretics do not cause PGE release, but rather prevent its degradation by inhibiting prostaglandin dehydrogenase. "Loop diuretics have been shown to decrease renal vascular resistance and therefore increase renal blood flow. This is likely due to the inhibition of prostaglandin dehydrogenase by loop diuretics, resulting in diminished breakdown of PGE 2 (a potent vasodilator), subsequently resulting in decreased renal vascular resistance and increased renal blood flow [17]." | Major erratum | 01/07/19 3:18 AM |
| 240 | 610 | Reproductive | Anatomy | Gonadal drainage | It's Mnemonic | Cerv*i*x* ---> *I*nternal and e*X*ternal iliac nodes. | Mnemonic | 12/30/18 7:41 AM |
| 241 | 615 | Reproductive | Physiology | Human placental lactogen | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4233258/ | Maternal hyperglycemia from insulin resistance leads to lipolysis | Minor erratum | 12/29/18 5:58 AM |
| 242 | 616 | Reproductive | Physiology | Estrogen | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4397276/ | Estrogen causes closure of epiphyseal plates. This is mentioned under Testosterone on page 622 ("via estrogen converted from testosterone"), but not under Estrogen itself. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/06/19 12:29 AM |
| 243 | 619 | Reproductive | Physiology | Tanner stages of sexual development | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2020314/ | The first mound formation in females occurs in stage II NOT in stage III. | Minor erratum | 12/31/18 4:57 AM |
| 244 | 629 | Reproductive | Pathology | Hypertension in pregnancy | not needed | suggest making this mnemonic "Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine" like this mnemonic ,in Page 312, "He likes my neonate" ,i think it's simpler . | Clarification to current text | 01/01/19 12:52 PM |
| 245 | 636 | Reproductive | Pathology | Breast cancer | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathology-of-breast-cancer | Tubular & mucinous carcinomas are NOT subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma, but rather subtypes of breast cancer (invasive carcinoma). | Major erratum | 01/07/19 3:21 AM |
| 246 | 636 | Reproductive | Pathology | Breast cancer | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2628841/ | Inflammatory breast cancer usually presents with a palpable mass in at least 70% of cases. This contradicts what the text is saying ("usually lacks a palpable mass"). "Underlying tumour masses might be palpable in IBC, but up to 30% of patients will present with no underlying masses." | Major erratum | 01/07/19 3:22 AM |
| 247 | 640 | Reproductive | Pharmacology | Control of reproductive hormones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cyproterone-united-states-not-available-drug-information | Delete cyproterone. It is not mentioned anywhere else in the book. Also this drug is not available in the US. It is very unlikely that it will come up in the exam. | Clarification to current text | 01/07/19 3:25 AM |
| 248 | 643 | Reproductive | Pharmacology | Testosterone, methyltestosterone | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-burn-injury-in-older-patients | I suggest deleting the phrase "stimulate anabolism to promote recovery after burn or injury" because neither testosterone nor methyltestosterone are indicated for the stimulation of the anabolism in catabolic conditions (eg, burn injuries). Oxandrolone is used instead for these conditions. | Minor erratum | 01/07/19 3:27 AM |
| 249 | 648 | Respiratory | Physiology | Hemoglobin modifications | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1281520/ | Under Carboxyhemoglobin; Causes decrease in oxygen binding capacity with left shift in oxygen curve. I suggest modifying it to "for the reminder of Hb (not bound to CO) the affinity becomes higher to oxygen so the curve will shift to the Left in the presence of CO in blood". this will prevent confusion that might arise by the original parapgraph | Clarification to current text | 12/22/18 1:24 AM |
| 250 | 648 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Lung anatomy | Paragraph above, previous editions of First Aid | The bronchioles are made up of columnar epithelium, not cuboidal epithelium. The text next to the illustration mislabels the illustration. | Minor erratum | 01/09/19 4:15 PM |
| 251 | 653 | Respiratory | Physiology | Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195245/ ,, https://media.lanecc.edu/users/driscolln/RT127/Softchalk/Oxygen_transport_softchalk/Oxygen_Transport_Lesson4.html | suggest adding "HbS" in the column of "Right shift" . | High-yield addition to next year | 01/03/19 10:05 AM |
| 252 | 653 | Respiratory | Physiology | Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve | It's Mnemonic | Le*F*t shift = Hb*F* . | Mnemonic | 01/03/19 10:07 AM |
| 253 | 653 | Respiratory | Physiology | Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve | It's Mnemonic | *R*ight shift =*R*ise. | Mnemonic | 01/03/19 10:08 AM |
| 254 | 653 | Respiratory | Physiology | Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve | It's Mnemonic | Right shift =Ri*S*e =Hb*s* | Mnemonic | 01/03/19 10:10 AM |
| 255 | 654 | Respiratory | Physiology | Pulmonary circulation | https://books.google.com/books?id=xZswDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=diffusion+and+gas+%3D+A+x+D+X+p1-p2&source=bl&ots=jcKLyVYnCe&sig=NpTNtppgNg3Dzw4iz3aNVVv915w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyhOL35NHfAhUHKuwKHehgCtYQ6AEwEnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=diffusion%20and%20gas%20%3D%20A%20x%20D%20X%20p1-p2&f=false | Replace( *T* ↑ in pulmonary fibrosis )with (* ∆x * ↑ in pulmonary fibrosis ). | Minor erratum | 01/03/19 8:22 AM |
| 256 | 655 | Respiratory | Physiology | Ventilation/perfusion mismatch | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PULM%2F103089&topicKey=PULM%2F101436&search=physiologic%20dead%20space%22&source=outline_link&selectedTitle=1~150 | For blood flow obstruction the text parenthetical names the defect "physiologic dead space". Without clarification that this includes both anatomic and alveolar dead spaces this description is confusing. I propose that it should read "alveolar dead space" since this is more specific to the defect. Thank you for your consideration! | Minor erratum | 01/02/19 6:41 PM |
| 257 | 657 | Respiratory | Pathology | Rhinosinusitis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-bacterial-rhinosinusitis-in-children-microbiology-and-treatment | It has been mentioned on FA 2019 that S pneumoniae is the most common cause of Rhinosinusitis, but due to the replacement of PCV7 by PCV13 in 2010, it is no longer the leading cause. H influenza takes the first spot now as per new guidelines (Nov 18, UpToDate). H influenza (40-50%), S Pneumo (20-25%), M catarrhalis (25%). This is very high yield for most common organism type of questions on USMLE. | Minor erratum | 01/13/19 4:37 PM |
| 258 | 658 | Respiratory | Pathology | Pulmonary emboli | not needed | change order of images from " A--C--B " to "A--B--C" in accordance with alphabet. | Spelling/formatting | 01/03/19 1:14 PM |
| 259 | 660 | Respiratory | Pathology | Obstructive lung diseases | not needed | change order of images from " D--A--B--C--E--F--G " to "A--B--C--D--E--F--G" in accordance with alphabet. | Spelling/formatting | 01/03/19 1:32 PM |
| 260 | 684 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Clostridia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-infection-in-adults-treatment-and-prevention | Metronidazole is no longer recommended as any initial treatment of Clostridium Difficle. Recommended first line treatment for C. Difficile is now oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin for both severe and non-severe CDI | Minor erratum | 01/01/19 2:19 PM |
| 261 | 732 | Index | Index | Acute pericarditis | N/A | Listed in the index to be on page 314 but is found on page 308. | Minor erratum | 01/04/19 6:32 PM |
| 262 | 736 | Index | Index | Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia | N/A | Two issues. 1) In the index, "hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia" is written twice under Arteriovenous malformations (AVM). 2) The reference page number is wrong, it should be to page 312 instead of page 319. | Minor erratum | 01/13/19 6:29 PM |
| 263 | 743 | Index | Index | Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors | N/A | Chemoreceptors are listed in the index as being on page 299. This section is actually found on papge 294 | Clarification to current text | 01/12/19 10:38 AM |
| 264 | 744 | Index | Index | Sympatholytics (α2-agonists) | Not required | Clonidine can be found on Page 242 and under Tourette syndrome on Page 545 but not on Pages 240 and 244 | Minor erratum | 12/31/18 7:45 AM |
| 265 | 758 | Index | Index | Vasculitides | First Aid pg. 676 | Henoch-Schonlein purpura is erroneously listed as pg. 318, however it is actually on pg. 311 | Spelling/formatting | 01/13/19 6:10 AM |
| 266 | 763 | Index | Index | Torsades de pointes | none | The index states that Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome is on page 297, when it is actually on page 292. | Spelling/formatting | 01/11/19 2:29 PM |
| 267 | 778 | Index | Index | Protein synthesis | https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/24-4-protein-metabolism/ | Under the category of protein synthesis, "metaboilic site" is listed, this should be spelled correctly as metabolic site | Spelling/formatting | 01/09/19 12:17 AM |
| 268 | 779 | Index | Index | Receptor binding | Not needed | on page 779, it says receptors are on page 231 but they are actually on page 238 | Minor erratum | 01/05/19 6:47 PM |
| 269 | 785 | Index | Index | Syphilitic heart disease | N/A | Listed to be on page 315 in index but is found on page 309. | Minor erratum | 01/04/19 6:31 PM |
| 270 | 785 | Index | Index | Triptans | None | On p 785 within the index, under "Sumatriptan", "coronary vasospasm with" reads p 248 and it should be p 247 | Spelling/formatting | 01/07/19 12:32 PM |
| 271 | 788 | Cardiovascular | Index | Congenital cardiac defect associations | N/A | In the index, Turner's Syndrome cardiac association is said to be found on page 303 but it is found on page 298. | Minor erratum | 01/11/19 2:36 PM |
| 272 | 588 (based on 2018 edition) | Renal | Pathology | Renal cyst disorders | Saw it in class/UW QID 3 | Adults are dominants (autosomal dominant) and infants are not (autosomal recessive) | Mnemonic | 01/15/19 5:51 PM |
| 273 | 590 and 591 | Renal | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238064-overview | BUN/Cr ratio increases in phase 2 of ATN and decreases in phase 3. The text has it as only decreased in phase 3 on page 591. The text also has it decreased in general on page 590 under intrinsic renal failure. This should be clarified that it is only phase 3 that the ratio decreases and it increases in phase 2. | Clarification to current text | 12/27/18 3:56 PM |
| 274 | Index | Index | Index | Cardiomyopathies | not needed | I think the whole book's Index needs to be re-made, I've recorded too many errors to keep submitting errata. | Major erratum | 01/11/19 7:04 PM |
| 275 | Index | Index | Index | Heart failure | n/a | The page numbers in the index are grossly incorrect -- often off by 6 or more pages. Which makes the entire index difficult to use. For instance paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is listed as page 312 but it on page 306. | Major erratum | 01/16/19 6:08 PM |
| 276 | vi | Cardiovascular | Index | Heart embryology | See FA 19 textbook, page 273. | The contents incorrectly labels section III as starting on page 269, when it actually starts on page 273. Approaching the organ systems starts on page 274, and cardiovascular starts on page 277. These 3 contents are listed with incorrect page numbers. | Minor erratum | 12/24/18 2:25 PM |
| 277 | 392 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Histamine-2 blockers | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00455 | The mnemonic currently is "table for 2" because H2 blockers have "dine" in it and block H2 receptors. The issue is that Loratadine and Terfenadine also have "dine" in it and are H1 blockers. I would suggest just changing it to include the "idine" to add accuracy. So the new mnemonic can be "I dine with H2o" because most of us do have water when we eat or "I dine at 2" which is a bit weird since 2 is a weird time to eat. Either way, you get the drift. | Mnemonic | 01/17/19 11:38 AM |
| 278 | 466 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Dermatologic macroscopic terms | https://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/lang/vesicle.html | The text mentions vesicle<1cm and Bulla>1cm. However several references mentions Vesicle size < 0.5 cm and Bulla size > 0.5 cm | Minor erratum | 01/17/19 11:49 AM |
| 279 | 737 | Index | Index | Autoregulation | First Aid 2019 pg. 295 | Every time autoregulation of blood flow appears in the index (737, 739, 740, 752, 757) it is listed as pg. 300, however it is actually on pg. 295 | Spelling/formatting | 01/18/19 1:14 AM |
| 280 | 579 | Renal | Physiology | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bartter-and-gitelman-syndromes#H53269181 | In the renal disorders table, there should be a column for urinary Magnesium. Both barter and gitleman syndrome have renal magnesium wasting. The urinary magnesium wasting column for gitleman can read 'severe', while that for bartter can read 'mild/moderate'. In addition, the serum magnesium entry for bartter can read 'normal or mildly reduced'. This can help people use just the urinary magnesium values when trying to differentiate between gitleman and bartter when the urine calcium is not given, and it also helps in understanding the pathophysiology behind bartter since it makes sense that it involves urinary magnesium wasting. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/18/19 4:17 AM |
| 281 | 553 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/294307-overview | Paranoid Personality Disorder is missing from the Cluster A personality disorders | Major erratum | 01/18/19 12:15 PM |
| 282 | 599 | Reproductive | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | Don't have one, made it up | Surface ectoderm mnemonic: GOOAALEE Glands (parotid, sweat, mammary), Oral cavity epithelial lining, Olfactory epithelium, Adenohypophysis, Anal canal below pectinate line, Lens of eye, Epidermis, Ear (sensory organs) | Mnemonic | 01/18/19 12:45 PM |
| 283 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacologic-treatment-of-parkinson-disease?search=entacapone&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~3&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | On prevent dopamine breakdown, entacapone is listed as a central COMT inhibitor but it should be peripheral COMT inhibitor | Clarification to current text | 01/18/19 3:03 PM |
| 284 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacologic-treatment-of-parkinson-disease?search=entacapone&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~3&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | On prevent dopamine breakdown, entacapone is listed as a central COMT inhibitor but it should be peripheral COMT inhibitor. I think FA meant to say Tolcapone in it's place | Clarification to current text | 01/18/19 3:07 PM |
| 285 | 651 | Respiratory | Physiology | Lung and chest wall | the information is correct, just duplicated. | Inward pull of lung is balanced by outward pull of chest wall, and system pressure is atmosphere was duplicated in this section. | Spelling/formatting | 01/18/19 8:25 PM |
| 286 | 337 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism | wiki | in Hyperthyroidism, lid lag is due to sympathetic stimulation of superior tarsal muscle or muller muscle, not levator palpebrae superiors, which is innervated by cranial nerve III | Major erratum | 01/19/19 2:23 AM |
| 287 | 641 | Reproductive | Pharmacology | Tamoxifen, raloxifene | as per Uworld | Tamoxifen causes hot flashes due to anti-estrogen effects on the anterior hypothalamus causing thermoregulatory dysfunction. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/19/19 8:55 AM |
| 288 | 62 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Rett syndrome | mnemonic from my brain | Stereotyped hand-wringing (Rett-ers cramp) | Mnemonic | 01/19/19 9:06 AM |
| 289 | 506 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Headaches | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2720121?guestAccessKey=dc65fc07-7bc7-4530-b864-94399937b0e7&fbclid=IwAR1JSsJK_PtyafnAnqJ6ipp8itIDNzeU_pP0vj0sgvZmLqBN_mwlPEBx-vo | Fremanezumab and Erenumab, 2 newly FDA approved antimigraine CGRP monoclonal antibodies, should be reserved for patients with disabling high-frequency episodic migraine or Chronic migraine who have not benefited from or cannot tolerate 1st-line preventive treatments, like propranolol or topiramate (for episodic migraine) or botulinum toxin (for chronic migraine). | High-yield addition to next year | 01/19/19 10:08 AM |
| 290 | 736 | Index | Index | Aortic dissection | no reference needed | The wrong page number is listed in the index for aortic dissection. The main "aortic dissection" section is on page 301, but in the index it is listed as 306. However, there is no mention of "aortic dissection" on page 306. | Spelling/formatting | 01/19/19 1:45 PM |
| 291 | 419 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Platelet disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-ttp-initial-treatment | A new drug has been approved in Europe for acquired TTP (US FDA most likely to approve on Feb 6th, 2019 - currently on fastrack) - Anti-von Willebrand factor Caplacizumab (Cablivi™) is set to become the first line treatment for acquired TTP (vs existing plasmapheresis). *The target action date for the FDA decision is February 6, 2019.* | High-yield addition to next year | 01/19/19 2:53 PM |
| 292 | 475 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Aspirin | N/A | tinnitus would be caused by CN VIII instead of CN VII | Minor erratum | 01/19/19 3:18 PM |
| 293 | 305 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153153-overview | I recommend changing the ABCCCD mnemonic to ABBCCCD (i.e. add a B). The extra B stands for "birth" -- thus incorporating peripartum cardiomyopathy as a cause of dilated CM. This also improves the mnemonic such that there is 1 A, 2 B's, and 3 C's to make it more memorable as the number corresponds to the letter position in the alphabet. | Mnemonic | 01/19/19 5:04 PM |
| 294 | 441 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Movement disorders | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/510573_9 | under erb palsy, the teres minor muscle and serratus anterior are also affected but it is not mentioned under muscle deficit. | Major erratum | 01/19/19 7:49 PM |
| 295 | 356 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Digestive tract anatomy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603487/ and Dr. Jason Ryan of Boards & Beyond | Slow waves originate in the interstitial cells of Cajal | High-yield addition to next year | 01/20/19 7:28 AM |
| 296 | 414 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemias | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/206107-overview | Under Intrinsic hemolytic anemias there is hereditary spherocytosis listed. Hereditary spherocytosis is an intrinsic defect in the RBC but it is an extravascular hemolytic anemia. I suggest moving hereditary spherocytosis to page 415 under extrinsic anemia. | Spelling/formatting | 01/20/19 1:48 PM |
| 297 | 106 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Complement | - | C5b activates MAC mnemonic: Big-MAC; B from Big is to remember it's C5b not C5a | Mnemonic | 01/20/19 4:47 PM |
| 298 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease drugs | Uworld and UpToDate - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-nonmotor-symptoms-in-parkinson-disease | Psychotic symptoms are a frequent complication in Parkinson disease (especially when dopaminergic drugs are used, which are first line for PD), and are the strongest predictor for nursing home placement of patients with PD. Drugs for psychosis in PD are Quetiapine, Clozapine and Pimavenserin (other antipsychotics worsen underlying Parkinson disease due to their extrapyramidal symptoms). Definitely high yield for what-drug-would-you-use kind of questions on the USMLE. | High-yield addition to next year | 01/20/19 4:56 PM |