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| 1 | 1 | Section I | Abbreviations and Symbols | NEW FACT | N/A - style suggestion | I think it would be useful to have the "Selected USMLE Laboratory Values" on the front inside cover of First Aid. I reference these values all the time, and it is awkward to flip to that page. I think having the lab values on the inside cover would be similar to chemistry textbooks (or MCAT prep books) that have a table of contents on the inside cover for quick and easy access. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Have never thought about this before, I like the idea. Would like to migrate to annotate. - JM |  |  | | Jack | Healy | jack.healy@tcu.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 29 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Chromatin structure | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4162690/ | Quote suggestion for beginning of basic science section (p.29): “Medical science has made such tremendous progress that there is hardly a healthy human left.” - Aldous Huxley | Mnemonic | Verified | I prefer not to add this quote. CW | ok..not on board with this quote.rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 3 | 34 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Chromatin structure | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/histone-deacetylase#:~:text=Histone%20deacetylase%20(HDAC)%20is%20an,Handbook%20of%20Clinical%20Neurology%2C%202014 | Histone DEACetylation DEACtivates DNA | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is helpful, to add this, we need an extra line in this subsection. CW | agreed.VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Muhammad Fareed | Khalid | mfareedkhalidmfk@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 4 | 34 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Chromatin structure | Mnemonic | Histones are Positive and LARge. (Lysine and Arginine) | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this, but don't think it is effective enough to add. CW | love it. very useful.adde to annotate for further crowdproofing. VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sushil | Dahal | sushildahal23@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 5 | 35 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Nucleotides | None Needed | Two ring purine can easily be drawn as a cartoon cat (matching with "cats PURr until they GAG", while the single ring of pyrimidines can be illustrated as looking like a pyramid, serving as a visual mnemonic for the two and one ring structures respectively. | Mnemonic | Verified | I do not recommend addition. CW | rejected.very weak mnemonic. VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | David | Skau | davidskau@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 6 | 35 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Nucleotides | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chemical-structure-of-adenosine-5-triphosphate-ATP-a-nucleotide-All-nucleotides_fig2_292144146 | The nucleotide diagram is misleading. The deoxyribose sugar seems to show 6-carbon sugar when it should be a 5-carbon sugar (pentose). The carbons of the pentose sugar are numbered 1' through 5', clockwise, beginning with the carbon attached to the nitrogenous base. The phosphate groups attach to the 5' pentose carbon. Basically flip the diagram, number, and make adjustments to clarify for people that need to visualize the nucleotide structure. | Major erratum | Verified | I agree. Usually, the nucleotide diagram is in the other way (phosphate on the left and nitrogenous base on the right of the sugar). I think the absence of the oxygen molecule on the top of the sugar ring can mislead students, make them believing that it is a 6-carbon sugar instead of a 5-carbon sugar. I suggest to flip the diagram and add the oxygen molecule in the sugar ring. LC | If major erratum, we can consider this year, else let's add to SS and defer for next year. -AC Good, I add it to Annotate for a further discussion with the illustration. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Harsh | Patel | hp0796@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 7 | 35 | Biochemistry | Molecular | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21514/ | According to my reading about structure of 'ribose', carbon atoms numbering runs in clockwise manner, and Base (purine or pyrimidine) should place on carbon 1 of Ribose and phosphate group place on carbon 5 on the Ribose, in the picture you added for structure of Nucleotide and Nucleoside, those put reversely. | Clarification to current text | Verified | The image in the FA text is not numbered, and appears identical to the referenced image with the exception of one oxygen. I am not sure what we would change based off of this feedback, but we could change the oxygen. CW | ok. we should definitely correct nuleotide/nucleoside image. DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR WITH PHOSPHATE SHOULD BE EXTENDING TO THE LOW LEFT END OF IMAGE (NOT LOW RIGHT END OF IMAGE) . i think it is called an enantiomer(mirror image) of what it is upposed to be...VP | I think that if there was additional 3-dimensional detail included (e.g. directionality of the hydroxyl groups extending off of the deoxyribose sugar) then it would definitely be necessary to adjust the configuration as needed. Since this is currently a flat/2D representation of nucleoside/nucleotide it's probably not essential to rearrange the orientation. But it's worth considering whether more accurate detail is warranted or if the illustration complements the text as is. Consider discussion (SJ) Okay. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | elmira | javanmardi | elmira_javanmardi@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 8 | 36 | Biochemistry | Molecular | De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis | Self | Methotrexate (huMans), Trimethoprim (bacTeria), Pyrimethamine (Protozoa). The M's go together, the T's go together, and the P's go together. | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is helpful and should be considered. CW | Nice suggestion. added to annotate for further crowdproofing | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Shubhankar | Anand | sanand4@student.touro.edu | |||||||||||||
| 9 | 37 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Purine salvage deficiencies | In the attachments, I attached a diagram supporting my previous comment from the leading biochemistry book, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry | The pathway from IMP to AMP and GMP is indicated by two arrow head indicating a reversible reaction which is not quite the case. As attached below in the attachment section, the pathway from IMP to AMP requires GTP while the pathway from IMP to GMP requires ATP. Thus, it is biochemically unfavorable to make IMP out of GMP/AMP. Hence, The line should be single headed towards AMP and GMP from IMP | Major erratum | Verified | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20654742 https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)93652-5/pdf https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9214292 It appears that the IMP to XMP reaction is irreversible, but the IMP to AMP reaction is reversible | think it should be corrected by the illustrator team.VP | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Simplified-IMP-biosynthesis-and-catabolic-pathways-in-humans-IMP-can-be-synthesized-from_fig3_271332957 This source is from 2015 (Journal of Biological Chemistry) and seems to indicate that both pathways are capable of reversing: AMP--AMP deaminase--IMP, and GMP--GMP reductase--IMP. From this, it seems like the current illustration is accurate? (SJ) | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Mohammed Osama Sobhi Fahmi | Alalfi | medoalalfi2@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 10 | 37 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Purine salvage deficiencies | In the attachments, I attached a diagram supporting my previous comment from the leading biochemistry book, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry | The pathway from IMP to AMP and GMP is indicated by two arrow head indicating a reversible reaction which is not quite the case. As attached below in the attachment section, the pathway from IMP to AMP requires GTP while the pathway from IMP to GMP requires ATP. Thus, it is biochemically unfavorable to make IMP out of GMP/AMP. Hence, The line should be single headed towards AMP and GMP from IMP | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Mohammed Osama Sobhi Fahmi | Alalfi | medoalalfi2@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 37 | Biochemistry | Molecular | NEW FACT | PRPP Aminotransferase is a typing error - it is supposed to be amiDOtransferase. | Within the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome - (increased PRPP amidotransferase activity) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I agree with this change. LC | Small one, but a good catch. -AC Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidophosphoribosyltransferase | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Kruti | Pandya | drkruti@icloud.com | ||||||||||||||
| 12 | 37 | Biochemistry | Molecular | NEW FACT | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidophosphoribosyltransferase | In lesch-nyhan syndrome it said that PRPP aminotransferase activity increases , while the enzyme name should be PRPP amidotransferase with a D, its not that big of a deal but yeah | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | I agree with this. I check, this change is already written in line 64 of SS and alse in Annotate. LC | Already implemented. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | no one | no one | its not that big of a deal | ||||||||||||||
| 13 | 38 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA replication | FA 2021 | 5´-3´ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I is associated with excision of multiple nucleotides. 3´-5´ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase III is associated with excision of one nucleotide. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not necessary to specify, since we already clarified that DNAP1 removes primers and DNAP3 is involved in proofreading, which is the important distinction. CW | it is already in the text.rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 14 | 38 | Biochemistry | Molecular | NEW FACT | It is a spelling/index recommendation! | To whom it may concern: Hello! I hope you are doing well! I am studying from the 2020 First Aid book for Step 1, and I noticed there was no index entry for Bloom Syndrome. It IS briefly addressed on page 38 where helicase is described. Would you be able to add it to the index so that is easier to find? Also, if needed, I am happy to write a small blurb on Bloom Syndrome to help contribute to the 2022 edition if needed. Thank you for your time and help! I am LOVING my First Aid book! | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Maria | Brouard | maria.brouard@tufts.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 15 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | Not needed | In the Base Excision Repair diagram, the U (uracil) is removed, and replaced with another U, though it should be replaced with a C (cytosine). Other than that, the new diagrams are a great addition! | Minor erratum | Verified | I accept this correction. CW | should be addressed.VP | This is correct. CC Also agree with this change! Looks just like a typo. Change "U" in final diagram to "C." - Connie Also agree, I independently caught this error as well (SJ) Seems like this was not to be corrected per Faculty input. I would propose rejecting this. May need clarification in text. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | ERRATA - Minor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Blake | Howard | howardbl@musc.edu | ||||||||||||
| 16 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | I believe it should be Cytosine base in front of the Guanine after the base excision repair. And I found it in Khan Academy illustration as well | In page 39, DNA repair, Base excision repair, in the illustration there is still "U" after the repair, which should be changed to "C" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Khaled | Saed | alkarrady2006@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 17 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | Robbins basis of pathology 10th edition. Harpers biochemistry 31st edition | In 2021 edition Ataxia telangiectasia is mentioned to be defect of non homologous end joining. But it is actually due to defective homologous end joining. | Minor erratum | Verified | This is low yield and could be deleted. CW | agree with CW. VP | Already in discussion in text. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Dr. Arjun | Kumar | arjun3244849@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 18 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | not needed | In the picture to Base Excision Repair mechanism, all the way to the bottom you put "U" instead of "C". I believe the whole point of the repair was to replace deaminated "U" to proper "C" in DNA sequence. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Already being discussed in Annotate. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 19 | 41 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | myself | The title has a small spelling mistake in using a before eukaryotic. It should be "Functional organization of an eukaryotic gene" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 41 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/translation-dna-to-mrna-to-protein-393/ | Illustration of mature mRNA shows ATG as a start codon. I think it should be AUG as it RNA | Minor erratum | Verified | This appears correct. CW | should be corrected.VP | Completely agree (SJ) Agreed. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | ERRATA - Minor | | | | Lenish | Pokharel | lenishpokharel@gmail.com | ||||||||||||
| 21 | 41 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | https://usmle-rx.scholarrx.com/first-aid?id=71&firstAidYear=2021 | Start Codon in mature mRNA reads ATG, should be AUG. ATG would be correct if start codon in DNA strand was marked. In page 45 it is correct. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sophia | Herzing | sophia.herzing@stud.pmu.ac.at | |||||||||||||||||
| 22 | 41 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780128132883000136 | ATG should read as "AUG" for the start codon for the mature mRNA, which is marked by (3) | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already being discussed in Annotate. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sarmad | Ghazi | sarmad.ghazi@oum.edu.ws | ||||||||||||||
| 23 | 41 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Start and stop codons | no need | Start Codon is AUG not ATG. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already being discussed in Annotate. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmad | Najeh | ahmednkharabsheh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 24 | 46 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Apoptosis | https://www.nature.com/articles/1207116 | Text indiaces p53 signals for apoptosis through Bcl-2. Either needs to say BcL-2 familiy, or be more specific and indiacte that it inhibits Bcl-2 and is a TF for Bax/Bid. Bcl-2 itself is anti-apoptotic | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is correct. CW | correct.should be corrected by illustration team.VP | We don't need to go into more detail than just stating p53 and BCL-2, but the diagram would be much more accurate if the line leading from p53 to BCL-2 ends in the inhibitory dash, and the line from BCL-2 to apoptosis should also end in an inhibitory dash. Technically, p53 induces apoptosis through inhibiting the inhibitor (BCL-2). Because we include inhibitory dashes in the diagram, it would be probably best to have this part of the pathway reflect its most accurate form. The nature article is fine as a source, but any other biochem textbook/paper would also suffice! - Connie Agree (SJ) | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | David | Wilson | dawilson05@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 25 | 46 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Tumor suppressor genes | https://www.nature.com/articles/4401962 | on the illustration of action of P53 we can add inhibit to the BCL 2 to indicate the mechanism of action in inducing apoptosis , also we can mention its role in activation of the Bax | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | May | Hassan | may.samir88@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 26 | 46 | Biochemistry | Cellular | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3134576/ | Under the Tumor Suppressor heading, EPO is included with growth factors that bind receptor tyrosine kinases. While this may technically be true, the EPO receptor is usually considered a Jak/Stat signaler, separate from traditional tyrosine kinase receptors. I would argue that EPO should be left out of the list on page 46, or further clarification should be made. | Clarification to current text | Verified | No change recommended, text is accurate and I don't believe it is confusing. CW | Rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nicholas | Babu | nicholasb333@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 27 | 47 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Cell trafficking | N/A | Currently reads: "Golgi is distribution center for proteins and lipids from ER to vesicles and plasma membrane. Posttranslational events in **O-oligosaccharides** include modifying N-oligosaccharides on asparagine, adding O-oligosaccharides on serine and threonine, and adding mannose-6-phosphate to proteins ..." (Asterisks added to highlight error) I believe was intended to say "Posttranslational events in **Golgi** include..." not "O-oligosaccharides". | Minor erratum | Verified | Typo already addressed. CW | agreed.VP | Yes this appears to be a typo. The "O-oligosaccharides" with the mnemonic treatment should be applied to the next line's "O-oligosaccharides." The first "O-oligosaccharides" should either be deleted ("Posttranslational events include...") or replaced with "golgi" ("Posttranslational events in goldi include...") - Connie Agreed. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | ERRATA - Minor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Joseph | Mohrbacher | jmohrbac@student.nymc.edu | ||||||||||||
| 28 | 47 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | N/A | "liver hepatocytes"- redundancy. Please Reconsider "hepatocytes" or "liver cells" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree with this. LC | Can migrate. -AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Prabesh | Luintel | prluintel095@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 29 | 48 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Peroxisome | https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/abcd1/ | AdrenoLeukoDystrophy is caused by a defect in the ABCD1 gene (A for adrenoleukodystrophy) which causes a defect in the ALDP (same three letters as adrenoleukostrophy) protein. | Mnemonic | Verified | Low yield, do not recommend addition. CW | low yield and weak mnemonic. rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mami | Sow | msarrsow@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 30 | 48 | Biochemistry | Cellular | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4666198/ | Zellweger Syndrome - Presents in infants with craniofacial abnormalities (widened sutures/ large anterior fontanelle) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with addition. CW | agree with this suggestion.VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nayanika | Cherian | nayanika.ann@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 31 | 49 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Cilia structure | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia-immotile-cilia-syndrome?search=kartagener&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~29&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H26740060 | In 2020, the new updated name (Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia) is placed in parentheses next to Kartagener syndrome (the old Nazi eponym). In 2021, the book has taken a step back by only using the Nazi eponym. Please correct this by potentially putting Kartagener in parentheses or even just removing his name altogether. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Kartagener was not a nazi from I have found. It probably is helpful to have both names in the book though. CW | nazi what???haha..didnt find anything close to that.rejected.VP | Rejected suggestion. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ritika | Tamirisa | ritika.tamirisa@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 32 | 50 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Collagen | This info is already specified in FA | Type 1 collagen aka type "L or l" collagen = Late wound repair / Type 3 collagen aka Type "E" = Early wound repair | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't recommend adding more mnemonics to this section. CW | weak mnemonic.rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Anthony | Sanchez | asanchez2012@health.fau.edu | |||||||||||||
| 33 | 50 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Collagen synthesis and structure | Original source is First Aid! | Sir Hook, Go Eat Pretzels & Copper | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't recommend this mnemonic for this section. CW | weak.rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kristen | Brown | kristen.brown@bcm.edu | |||||||||||||
| 34 | 52 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Elastin | Page 52 of First Aid | Mnemonic For Marfan syndrome. You the Fan Up and Out to get air on you. | Mnemonic | Verified | I do not understand this and do not recommend addition. CW | already a mnemonic for lens dislocation in Marfan.Rejected. VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Edy | Hatem | Ehatem@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 35 | 53 | Biochemistry | Laboratory Techniques | Blotting procedures | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/genetics-glossary-of-terms#H3789757172 | I found a wrong on image of the First Aid USMLE STEP 1 2021. It's on Biochemistry section on page 53. I attached the wrong image and its correct form. Why this image is wrong? Every gene has two alleles, but In this image, only one allele is drawn for the homozygous mutant gene (aa) , and this wrong is repeated for the normal gene's alleles (AA) again. | Minor erratum | Verified | The image is correct. Two alleles of the same size travel the same distance on electrophoresis and only produce one band. CW | rejected.VP | Agreed (SJ) | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Seddigheh | Eslamparast kordmahalleh | sedigheh.eslamparast@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 36 | 53 | Biochemistry | Laboratory Techniques | CRISPR/Cas9 | Not needed. | Line 3 after the number 2 there's an unclear sentence "Break imperfectly repaired by non homologous--- the sentence is not structurally correct, It should be like this "Imperfectly cut segments are repaired by non homologous ...." | Major erratum | Verified | I agree. CW | agreed.VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sura | Mubarak | Mubarak.sura@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 37 | 55 | Biochemistry | Laboratory Techniques | Fluorescence in situ hybridization | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323597371000060 | The image supporting the FISH paragraph is for Spectral Karyotyping. It should be replaced by a correct image for fluorescence in situ hybridization. | Major erratum | Verified | FISH, also called ''chromosome painting'', is producing a pattern on each chromosome depending on which probes used (https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/FISH_chromosome_painting.html). I agree with the comment, a new picture is needed for FISH. A subpart about spectral karyotyping, a FISH-based method, can be created in the FISH paragraph. LC | Can migrate for discussion. -AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sarmad | Ghazi | sarmad.ghazi@oum.edu.ws | ||||||||||||||
| 38 | 58 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Disorders of imprinting | mnemonic | PAPA-Willi (paternal deletion/mutation), AngelMOM (maternal deletion/mutation) | Mnemonic | Verified | I prefer the current mnemonic. CW | we can add to annotate for crowdproofing..VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Aziz | Saade | aziz.saade@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 39 | 58 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Disorders of imprinting | Not needed | AngelMans - mom is maternal and mothers have Uterus (Ube3a absence) both starts with U. Prader Wili - Paternal (fathers have Sperm - Snrpn absence) | Mnemonic | Verified | Can be useful. Accepted. LC | We already have a new proposed mnemonic. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 40 | 59 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Modes of inheritance | https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5696/rett-syndrome | Germline mutations for MEPC2 causing Rett syndrome are inherited in an X-linked dominant fashion | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is high-yield, but I do think it's testable. We can add this to the section on Rett syndrome. CW | rejected in this section. VP | Not exactly HY imo. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | David | Atherton | datherton@arcomedu.org | |||||||||||||
| 41 | 59 | Biochemistry | Genetics | NEW FACT | not needed | Common mitochondrial disorders can be remembered by the letters KLMNOP: (K)earns-Sayre syndrome; (L)eigh syndrome; (M)ELAS and (N)ARP (O)ptic/ophthalmic disorders e.g. Leber's hereditary neuropathy; (P)OLG-related disorders | Mnemonic | Verified | Low yield mnemonic. Do not recommend addition. CW | Not useful.Rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Adam | Robins | arobins54@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 42 | 59 | Biochemistry | Genetics | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PC%2F75137&topicKey=PC%2F15540&rank=1~150&source=see_link&search=genetics | The Pedigree of X-Linked Dominant Traits shows 1 UNAFFECTED DAUGHTER of an Affected Diseased Father which is INCORRECT. Kindly to make it less confusing, please mark all daughters as Affected Females. | Major erratum | Verified | I don't see where the comment is applicable on the inheritance tree drawn (there is no unaffected daughter form an affecter diseased father). For me, the picture is correct so there is no change needed. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Areeba | Faizan | areebahmed782@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 43 | 60 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Cystic fibrosis | azithromycin is antibiotics, mentioned in the the book as anti-inflammatory , is there any reason ? | Minor erratum | Verified | It has anti-inflammatory properties and is recommended for CF. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201801-012OC CW | I agree with CW. Here another resource confirming it: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15516680/ . LC | | | | Addis | Tsegaye | ATSEGAYE5@GMAIL.COM | ||||||||||||||||
| 44 | 61 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Muscular dystrophies | not needed. | suggest highliting letter "D" of Dilated in "Dilated cardiomyopathy is common cause of death" to match exist mnemonic.(Duchenne = deleted dystrophin). | Mnemonic | Verified | This mnemonic is okay, It's easy to add so I don't have a strong preference. I will not add to annotate, but if other authors see this and would like to, go ahead! CW | Nice suggestion.VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 45 | 62 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases | not needed | Mnemonic for memorizing mode of inheritance of each diseases: A huntington Disease-AD, A myotinic Dystrophy-AD, Fragile X synDrome-XD, fRiedreich Ataxia-AR | Mnemonic | Verified | Could be useful to some extent but sometimes can be misleading. I mean for example: fReiDreich ataxia, R or D could have been used.. Waiting for other opinion. LC | I'm not a fan of this mnemonic. I would not include. CW | | | | Yerkhanat | Khuanbai | dr.yerkhanat@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 46 | 63 | Biochemistry | Genetics | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991414/ | 18 yo EDWARDS TURNed DOWN PATAU because she was 13 [explanation: Edwards syndrome = 18; Turner syndrome = XO (Down an X - "turned down"); Down syndrome = is by default 21; Patau syndrome = 13] | Mnemonic | Verified | There is already a mnemonic for Down syndrome (Drinking age: 21), Edwards syndrome (Election age: 18), and Patau syndrome (Puberty: 13). So I don't think this is new one is adding something. Rejected. LC | I would not add this one, I think some people may think this is inappropriate for the text also. CW | | | | Richard | Davis MD | davis.richard.md@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 47 | 64 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Cri-du-chat syndrome | Not needed | I Cry when I am Very SaD - Cri-du-chat syndrome is associated with cardiac abnormalities like VSD | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this mnemonic is helpful and simple. CW | very helpful!! fine by me! VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 48 | 64 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Robertsonian translocation | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Segregation-patterns-for-a-Robertsonian-translocation-A-carrier-of-a-balanced_fig2_318767201 | In the image: the gamete precursor on the right is actually balanced | Major erratum | Verified | If I understand correctly this concept, the picture on the right would be: ''balanced carrier'' instead of ''unbalanced gamete precursor'' according to the supporting reference. The little parts of the chromosomes (which are lost) contain no important genetic material, that's why it is still balanced in this typical case. We need extra opinion on this, thank you. LC | The image is correct, the imbalance occurs after meiosis continues and a gamete ends up with 2 long arms, then is fertilized resulting in 3 long arms of whichever chromosome is affected. CW | | | | Lana | k Haddad | lanakhhaddad@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 49 | 65 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamins: fat soluble | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/fat-soluble-vitamins | "Absorption dependent on ileum and pancreas", while it should be "Absorption dependent on ileum, pancreas and bile emulsification" | Minor erratum | Verified | we can add the word "BILE".VP | We can definitely add BILE, however I believe its better to change "ileum" to "small intestine". BA | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Zaid | Al-Kaabneh | zaidkaabneh@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 50 | 65 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamins: fat soluble | mnemonic | A toxic DEcK → fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are more often toxic | Mnemonic | Verified | Not useful. Usually students remember these vitamins like: ADEK. Rejected. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 51 | 66 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin A | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-a | "corneal squamous metaplasia -> Bitot spots", it should be conjunctival squamous metaplasia -> Bitot spots. Because Bitot spots are areas of abnormal squamous cell proliferation and keratinization of the conjunctiva according to many resources | Minor erratum | Verified | After checking other articles (https://www.cmaj.ca/content/189/40/E1264, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1929525/?page=1), I agree for this change. Bitot spots are conjunctival squamous metaplasia but they can also be associated with corneal drying. LC | Can migrate for discussion. -AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Zaid | Al-Kaabneh | zaidkaabneh@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 52 | 66 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26567494/ | Beri beri (very) low B1 results in beri beri high cardiac output (high-output cardiac failure). | Mnemonic | Verified | Sorry, I don't understand this mnemonic. LC | Reject suggestion. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jomar N. | Machuca Santiago | jomar.machuc@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 53 | 67 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B3 | No reference (it's a memory aid) | To remember pellagra vs podagra, we can say: pELLagra = vitamin B3 levels fELL; and pODagra = vitamin B3 OD (overdose) | Mnemonic | Verified | Love it.it is more useful! added to anotate for crowdproofing. VP | Nice one!! | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Merna | Hassan | mernahassan114@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 54 | 68 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B9 | Goodman and Gilman's The pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics - 13edition - P 1011 | First Aid in P 68 states sulfonamides as a cause of B9 deficiency, however in page 430(hematology chapter) it states trimethoprim. Sulfonamides by themselves (unless combined with TMP) don't cause folate deficiency in humans (since humans don't require PABA for folate synthesis and Dihydropteroate synthase the target of sulfonamides is only presents in bacteria, instead we get folate from diet). On the other hand, folate deficiency can result from trimethoprim as it inhibits DHFR in bacteria and in mammalian cells(DHFR is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes). Furthermore, this contradict with P 194 in First Aid, which doesn't state folate deficiency/megaloblastic anemia as an adverse effect of sulfonamides but does in trimethoprim So my suggestion is to replace sulfonamides in page 68 with trimethoprim, OR to edit the text by saying: the addition of trimethoprim with sulfonamides can result in folate deficiency. | Minor erratum | Verified | should be considered for this year.VP | Highly consider to replace sulfonamides to trimethoprim. BA | Seems like we have a disagreement here that would benefit with faculty review prior to migration. -AC | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 55 | 69 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B12 | Not Needed | To remember the tracts affected in vitamin B12 deficiency: Highlight the first letters in ""S"ubacute "C"ombined "D"egeneration" --> "(SCD = degeneration of "S"pinocerebellar tracts, lateral "C"orticospinal tracts, and "D"orsal columns)" | Mnemonic | Verified | SCD mnemonic is highlighted at the NEURO section.Rejected.VP | Rejected. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Andrew | Rofail | andrewrafikr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 56 | 69 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin C | Deficiency may be precipitated by tea and toast diet.: i think this is a wrong information. this is for iron not vitamin C | Minor erratum | Verified | tea and toast diet refers to general malnutrition, and Vitamin C is commonly tested. No change. CW | I agree with CW, no need to change it. LC | | | | mohammed | abed | abed.alajeely@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 57 | 70 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin E | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crinm/2016/8342653/ | Deficiency also closely mimics Friedreich ataxia | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Doubt that..Neuro symptoms of Vitamin B12,Vitamin E deficiency and Friedrich ataxia are cliose..YET Friedrich ataxia has other associations too.Rejected. VP | Very LY for step 1 and also the clinical manifestations are different. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 58 | 70 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin E | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-e | “(E)-nfants” [infants] with (E)xcess of vitamin (E) have a risk of (E)nterocolitis. Note: The parentheses enclosing the ‘E’s are meant to illustrate the change in color used in the book to highlight letters or words in the mnemonics. | Mnemonic | Verified | i think this is kind of useful.added to annotate for crowdproofing | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jomar N. | Machuca Santiago | jomar.machuc@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 59 | 72 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Ethanol metabolism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806829/ | Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. The current text states that it "blocks alcohol dehydrogenase." The more specific mechanism of action is useful to answer questions regarding changes in Km and Vmax. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | nice suggestion.added to annotate for further discussion | Highly consider this. BA | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 60 | 75 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | ATP production | Self | Aerobic metabolism makes 32 net ATP via malate ("more") pathway, but only 30 net ATP through glycerol (g-less-erol) pathway. | Mnemonic | Verified | very weak mnemonic.Rejected.VP | not reliable. Rejected. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Briana | Friedman | briana.friedman01@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 61 | 76 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | n/a | Instead of the arbitrary mnemonic “the lovely coenzymes for nerds”, we can just use the vitamins themselves. “1, 2, 3, 4, 5” Vit B1- thiamine pyrophosphate Vit B2- riboflavin (FAD) Vit B3- niacin (NAD+) 4- 4 letters, “acid” Vit B5- pantothenic acid (CoA) | Mnemonic | Verified | TLCFN is quite useful because in the exams setting they are not going to give you vitamin B1 as a choice, thats easy (after all remembering the full name of vitamin is going to lead you to the right number..not quite sure for vice versa). Rejected.VP | Rejected. BA. Wont be as reliable. | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Yeu-Yao Kevin | Cheng | kevincheng100@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 62 | 77 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | TCA cycle | Noted in page 103, First Aid for the Basic Sciences 3rd edition Copyright 2017 | TCA cycle produces 12 ATP per acetyl - CoA ; 3 ATP per NADH, 2 ATP per FADH2, + 1 GTP =12 ATP per acetyl CoA | Major erratum | Verified | Rejected per Connie's comment. VP | We don't talk about the number of ATP produced on this page, just the overall production of the TCA cycle (NADH, FADH, etc). So no errata, and this additional information is LY for step 1. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Maricar | Palalay | maricar.palalay@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 63 | 78 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/carbon-monoxide-poisoning | The inhibitor of Complex IV should be CO not CO2. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Rejected.VP | The image and text both look correct CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Riley | Hedberg | riley.hedberg@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 64 | 78 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | https://www.statpearls.com/ArticleLibrary/viewarticle/20982 | The mentioned inhibitors of Complex IV include carbon dioxide instead of monoxide | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Nikolaos | Katsivelos | nkatsivelos@outlook.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 65 | 78 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cyanide-poisoning | Diagram indicates that carbon dioxide (CO2) inhibits Complex IV (aka cytochrome oxidase). Text for Electron transport inhibitors indicates that carbon monoxide (CO) inhibits complex IV. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Tammy | La | tammyla00@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 66 | 78 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819987-overview | Picture shows CO2 blocking complex IV but it’s CO | Minor erratum | Verified | This was in the 2020 version. We fixed this for 2021. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Yair | Miller | Ymiller8@student.nymc.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 67 | 79 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency | Harrison, 20th edition page 715 | “ Bite cells- result from the phagocytise removal of Heinz bodies by splenic macrophages” , whereas in reality, bite cells don’t result from this. It apparently looks so because the Heinz bodies are not stained by conventional stains. It requires supravital staining. Harrison, 20th edition page 715 says - “ The blood film shows anisocytosis, polychromasia, and spherocytes; in addition, the most typ- ical feature of G6PD deficiency is the presence of bizarre poikilocytes, with red cells that appear to have unevenly distributed hemoglobin (“hemighosts”) and red cells that appear to have had parts of them bitten away (“bite cells” or “blister cells”) (Fig. 96-7). A classical test, now rarely carried out, is supravital staining with methyl violet, which, if done promptly, reveals the presence of Heinz bodies (consisting of precipitates of denatured hemoglobin and hemichromes), which are regarded as a signature of oxidative damage to red cells (they are also seen with unstable hemoglobins).“ | Major erratum | Verified | Not true(per Connie's uptodate reference). Rejected.VP | Our text is accurate, reflects the current scientific understanding and supported by UTD. Reader is misunderstanding the text of the source provided. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-peripheral-blood-smear - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Shriganesh | Shastri | shriganeshshastri@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 68 | 80 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Disorders of galactose metabolism | Google Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase for spelling. | In the classic galactosemia paragraph, "uridyltransferase" is misspelled. Should be "uridylyltransferase" like the diagram below. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Jaycob | Avaylon | javaylon@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 69 | 81 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Amino acids | n/a | Glucogenic/ketogenic amino acids (it's a spicy one): my 3 WIFYs are sweet and thick. 3 = threonine, W = tryptophan, I = isoleucine, F = phenylalanine, Y = tyrosine, sweet = glucogenic, thick = ketogenic. | Mnemonic | Verified | no need for mnemonic for glucogenic/ketogenic amino acids. it is derived as an exclusion from the other 2 categories of amino acids. Rejected.VP | Rejected. BA | Agreed. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kristen | Brown | kristen.brown@bcm.edu | |||||||||||||
| 70 | 81 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Amino acids | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22601/ | There's no mnemonic for remembering amino acids that are both glucogenic and ketogenic. A good mnemonic for this would be "I take isolated poop tryps at 3:09" (isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine) | Mnemonic | Verified | no need for mnemonic for glucogenic/ketogenic amino acids. it is derived as an exclusion from the other 2 categories of amino acids. Rejected.VP | Rejected. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tara | Tabibi | tara.tabibi@health.slu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 71 | 81 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Sorbitol | Boards & Beyond, Pixorize | Should be mentioned that the pathway in which tissues convert sorbitol to fructose is known as the Polyol Pathway. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I have myself added this to my FA book so I think this could be an important detail. Accepted. LC | Likely LY as names aren't frequently a subject of the Step exams. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Yara | Shhab | yarashhab@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 72 | 82 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Hyperammonemia | https://www.nature.com/articles/ncpuro0877?proof=t; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546155/#:~:text=Hyperammonemia%20may%20develop%20due%20to,infections%20%5B8%2C9%5D. | There are various case reports on the association between UTI (mostly by urease producers) and hyperammonemia. As uti is common and examiners look for new ways for testing. This relation might be asked in the future. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not true for step1. Rejected.VP | Not HY for Step 1 atm. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sat Prasad | Nepal | satprasad1@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 73 | 82 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Hyperammonemia | not needed | Lactulose to acidify GIT "the increase of H+ facilitates conversion of NH3+ To NH4+ which is trapped for excretion" | Clarification to current text | Verified | that's the meaning of ACIDIFICATION.redundant suggestion. Rejected.VP | I agree with VP, no change needed. LC | Consider discussion. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | |||||||||||||
| 74 | 84 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Alkaptonuria | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/941530-overview#a5 | The disease is caused by deficient activity of homogentisic acid dioxygenase. Not homogentisate oxidase | Major erratum | Verified | we should add this in a parenthesis.added to annotate.VP | The nomenclature here is interchangeable. Our usage reflects medline (https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/hgd/#conditions). Okay to keep as is, LY to include both forms of the name, students should be able to recognize either term on the exam. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Stanislav | Gruzdev | stas200910@yandex.ru | ||||||||||||||
| 75 | 85 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Amino acids | N/A | I think it would make sense to add Hartnup Disease to this page with other amino acid metabolic disorders | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | added to annotate for further discussion and crwodproofing.VP | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hannah | Rader | hannahcrader@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 76 | 85 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Homocystinuria | UpToDate | The book has mentioned-- In Homocystinuria there is increased Homocysteine in urine.. But actually it should be increased Homocystine(S~S) in urine and Homocysteine(SH) in blood..We know that 2 molecules of cysteine form cystine and both of them are different and cannot be used interchangeably. | Minor erratum | Verified | not true.not HY. rejected.VP | Not likely testable. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Dr.Niraj | Koirala | nirajkoirala99@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 77 | 86 | Biochemistry | Abbreviations and Symbols | Glycogen storage diseases | First aid 2021 edition page 86-87 | On first aid page number 86 2021 the figure of glycogen storage disease does not show the marking of 4 th glycogen storage disease and on page 87 you have mentioned it so I think by just adding number 4 to the figure in the space at branching enzyme would make it look perfect and complete | Minor erratum | Verified | i cant understand it ..i think it is already there?! | I don't understand either.. LC | This isn't an errata but we can add it to 2022. CC At first glance this seems like a reasonable and easy fix (SJ) | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Dr. Manan | Patel | p.manan2296@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 78 | 87 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Glycogen storage diseases | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20301489/ | Patients with Glycogen Storage Disease Type I typically have a doll-like face, thin extremities, short stature, and a protuberant abdomen (due to hepatomegaly) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Von Gierke buzzwords are fine as it is-you only need these to get the diagnosis correct.Rejected suggestion.VP | We include the most HY clinical findings that differentiate the condition from others. The "doll-like face" is somewhat subjective and won't be on the exam, protuberant abdomen is nonspecific especially in children. The lab findings we include is what is specific. Keep as is. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucose-6-phosphatase-deficiency-glycogen-storage-disease-i-von-gierke-disease - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 79 | 88 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6238260/ | Hurler syndrome - dysostosis multiplex is seen | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | No need to increase the clinical signs/symptoms of these diseases.Buzzwords already there are more than enough to get the diagnosis correct.VP | Unnecessary extra information. LC | Agreed. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nayanika | Cherian | nayanika.ann@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 80 | 88 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | I think of Tay-Sachs as "Two Six" disease because the 2 in GM2 ganglioside, and 6 for hexosaminidase | Mnemonic | Verified | we can definitely consider this mnemonic. added to annotate for further crowdproofing. VP I am sorry, I can't find it in annotate.. Is it just me or didn't it saved correctly? LC | Reliable mnemonic. BA | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hannah | Rader | hannahcrader@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 81 | 88 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | You should add I-cell disease to page 88 or 89, even though it's a problem with lysosomal tagging not storage, it makes the most sense to group it with the lysosomal storage diseases. You could keep it on page 47 but also add it to page 88 or 89. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | rejected. structure should be kept as is. VP | Rejected, Storage disease cannot represent I-cell disease. BA | Current placement works fine, as it is well integrated with the text being discussed. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hannah | Rader | hannahcrader@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 82 | 90 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Ketone bodies | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493179/#:~:text=The%20heart%20typically%20uses%20fatty,enzyme%20beta%20ketoacyl%2DCoA%20transferase. | Liver cells can not use ketone bodies as fuel, because they lacks the necessary enzyme beta ketoacyl-CoA transferase | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | i think this is obvious from the diagram below. Rejected VP | Apparent from the text, and the enzyme behind this is likely not high yield. Rejected BA | Rejected suggestion. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 83 | 90 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | NEW FACT | FIRST AID FOR THE USMLE STEP 1 2021 | I believe having a chart that summarizes the most high yield causes of ketotic and hypoketotic hypoglycemia, using only First Aid 2021 as a source for the information | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | not sure what is proposed. VP | Ketotic hypoglycemia is an extremely broad term that doesn't have a number of "HY" causes. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 84 | 91 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Metabolic fuel use | https://www.emedicinehealth.com/nutrition_and_diet/article_em.htm | It is not kcal, it should be cal only. the numbers are correct but the units are not. My proposal is to replace kcal with cal | Minor erratum | Verified | As per Connie's comment, i don't think examers will go that far and try to confuse with cal and Cal...the point here is the ratio of 4-4-7-9..Rejected. VP | Wrong, 1 kcal is equivalent to one Cal (uppercase), and 1000 lowercase calories. Our text is correct. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 85 | 92 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Lipid transport | not needed | point number 3: impaired in type I familia dyslipidemia (change familia to familial) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Nice catch! -AC Agree (SJ) | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | ERRATA - Minor | 3 Chylomicron Apo CII activates LPL (impaired in type I familial dyslipidemia) | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 86 | 93 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Major apolipoproteins | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5705268/#:~:text=Apolipoprotein%20C%2DII%20(apoC%2D,HDL)%2C%20particularly%20during%20fasting. | Apo c-II is not present on the surface of IDL (also based on the figure on p.92, after processing of VLDL by LPL)). Table indicates Apo c-II on the surface of IDL. | Minor erratum | Verified | I still agree with this comment. In FA 2019, the tick was not there for Apo C-II o IDL. Is there any reason why the check mark was added or is this only a typo? LC | Reader is correct. Diagram on page 92 is correct, uncheck "IDL" column for C-II entry on page 94. Additional outside source: https://www.nextprot.org/entry/NX_P02655/ - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nardin | Farag | nardin.farag@mail.mcgill.ca | ||||||||||||||
| 87 | 93 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Major apolipoproteins | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lipoprotein-classification-metabolism-and-role-in-atherosclerosis?search=apo%20cii&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~36&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H5 | The table at the bottom of page 93 incorrectly states that Apo CII is found on IDL, when IDL should only have Apo E & B-100 as confirmed by the diagram on page 92 as well as the source linked below. UpToDate states that IDL is associated with B-100, C-III, and E. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Iman Fatima | Hamid | imanfhamid@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 88 | 93 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Major apolipoproteins | not needed | (V)LDL, (I)DL, and (L)DL and come from the (LIV)er and are marked with B-100; Mnemonic -> I hope I "LIV" to "B-100" | Mnemonic | Verified | Love it. added to annotate for further crowdproofing | Useful mnemonic. Accepted. LC | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Adam | Robins | arobins54@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 89 | 93 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Major apolipoproteins | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305896/ | In the table of major apolipoproteins, C-2 is not found in IDL and it is already supported by the graph for lipid transport in the previous page 92. | Minor erratum | Verified | In FA book 2019, the table was not showing C-II in IDL. After reviewing the article in supporting reference, C-II is not found in IDL so the tick needs to be removed in the table. LC | We debated this and concluded that we need to keep as is. Let's migrate comment to the bubble in annotate so that we can discuss this. -AC Migrated to Annotate on the diagram bubble. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ayla | Barakat | barakatayla@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||
| 90 | 94 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | This info is already specified in FA | "Type E" familial dyslipidemia (actually called type 3) is a defect of Apo E (E looks and sounds like 3) | Mnemonic | Verified | redundant.already there.Rejected.VP | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Anthony | Sanchez | asanchez2012@health.fau.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 91 | 94 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391008/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1839776/ | IDL is also elevated along with VLDL and chylomicrons in dysbetalipoproteinemia | Minor erratum | Verified | Sources provided are questionable, possibly predatory journals. Our text reflects the info on UTD; keep as is. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypertriglyceridemia - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Anthony | Sanchez | asanchez2012@health.fau.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 92 | 94 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | Harrison's principles of internal medicine 12 edition page 2896, and First Aid for the USMLE step 1 page 93 | First aid says in dysbetalipoproteinemia that chylomicrons and VLDL are elevated in blood, however this contradicts with page 93 of (first aid 2021) which clearly says that Apo E mediates remnant uptake. So the correction should be elevated chylomicron remnant, VLDL remnant(IDL), NOT elevated chylomicron, VLDL. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 93 | 94 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | Harrison's principles of internal medicine 12 edition page 2896, and First Aid for the USMLE step 1 2021 page 93 | First aid says in dysbetalipoproteinemia that chylomicrons and VLDL are elevated in blood, however this contradicts with page 93 of (first aid 2021) which clearly says that Apo E mediates remnant uptake. So the correction should be: elevated chylomicron remnant, VLDL remnant(IDL), NOT elevated chylomicron, VLDL. In addition it seems a good idea to include "Remnant hyperlipidemia" as another name for dysbetalipoproteinemia just to enforce the fact that Lipoprotein remnants are elevated. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 94 | 94 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | My response is mnemonic so I don’t ont think this field is necessary. | To remember the inheritance pattern in Familial Dyslipidemias we can use the mnemonic “Evens are Dominant” as type 2 and 4 are even numbers and they are inherited in autosomal dominant pattern. | Mnemonic | Verified | with one look in the table one can really see this association. Redundant. Rejected.VP | Rejected. Clear from the observation itself. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nikhil | Gaur | in.nikhil.gaur@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 95 | 96 | Immunology | Lymphoid Structures | Lymph node | N/A | To remember what is found in each part of the lymph node: "My BF needs COlD/SINUS MEDs and TP." - BF = B cells in Follicle. COlD/SINUS MEDs = cords & sinuses in the medulla. TP = T cells in Paracortex. Also, the mnemonic is somewhat relevant to immune system (has a cold). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject, basic information, therefore a mnemonic is not required. - RBS | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Chloe | Jensen | jensenc1@livemail.uthscsa.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 96 | 97 | Immunology | Lymphoid Structures | Lymphatic drainage associations | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/956340-clinical#b5 | While it is true that the supraclavicular nodes drain the head and neck, supraclavicular lymphadenopathy is NOT primarily associated with head and neck but with mediastinum, lung, and abdomen. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject - RBS | This is already what the table says? CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Adrien | Charles-Marcel | lancelot.ad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 97 | 97 | Immunology | Lymphoid Structures | Lymphatic drainage associations | (Question #98) https://usmle.org/pdfs/step-1/samples_step1_2020.pdf ; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513317/ | It is also important to add Submental lymph nodes to the chart. Both the submental and submandibular lymph nodes drain the anterior oral tongue. This concept was tested in USMLE's released sample test, Question 98. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agreed, lets add it to the figure. - RBS | Added to table on annotate. -CCR | Agree we can add; not publishable errata! - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Lucy | Wu | lucywu@knights.ucf.edu | |||||||||||||
| 98 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | FA 2021 P100 | Remove "2" from "2-3, S-L-E" because "DR2" is not exist in section. | Minor erratum | Verified | There is association between SLE with DR2. Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/5201827 - RBS | Migrated to annotate. -ALL | Reader is correct that the entry was consolidated but the mnemonic was not updated. While DR2 is somewhat associated with SLE, it's very, very LY. I think it would be worth crosschecking again (which is how we removed some of the entries from this chart) and possibly consulting with a faculty expert (preferably rheumatology) on the relevance of this information. - Connie p.s. Not errata, just need expert opinion on whether this is clinically relevant information | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 99 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | FA 2021 P100 | Please highlight "(1+3=4) in "DR3 section" to match exist mnemonic. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not required. - RBS | Not needed, mnemonic treatment is correct. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 100 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | Major histocompatibility complex I and II | This info is already specified in FA | MHC 1 has 1 unique subunit (Beta-2 microglobulin) / MHC 2 has 2 of each subunit (two alpha and 2 beta) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. - RBS | Second RBS, -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Anthony | Sanchez | asanchez2012@health.fau.edu | |||||||||||||
| 101 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | Major histocompatibility complex I and II | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1905688/ | bare lymphocyte syndrome type 1 is a very rare disease, but a high yield association is made with TAP1 gene mutations and impaired cytotoxic T cell activation by MHC class I molecules. I really think this is worthy of mention and I have seen it come up numerous times. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Can be added to the text. - RBS | Extremely rare syndrome. MHC concepts are covered well in the text, no need for this additional example. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | carl | provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 102 | 102 | Immunology | Anatomy | T- and B-cell activation | n/a | mnemonic for the location for positive and negative selection- pOsitive selection in the cOrtex, Negative selection in the Nedulla | Mnemonic | Verified | Basic info, no mnemonic requried. - RBS | Second RBS. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Yeu-Yao Kevin | Cheng | kevincheng100@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 103 | 103 | Immunology | Cellular | Macrophage-lymphocyte interaction | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antigen-presenting-cells | APCs comprise: B cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages. These could be memorized using this acronym: Be My Lovely Dear, which stands for: B: B cells M: macrophages L: Langerhans cells D: dendritic cells | Mnemonic | Verified | Low yield info, doesn't require a mnemonic. - RBS | Second RBS. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Andrea | Gangi | gabbiapercani@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 104 | 103 | Immunology | Cellular | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-adaptive-cellular-immune-response-t-cells-and-cytokines#H2 | Types of Antigen Presenting Cells Mnemonic: LAMBDa: Langerhans, APCs, Macrophages, B cells, Dendritic cells | Mnemonic | Verified | Low yield info, doesn't require a mnemonic. - RBS | Second RBS. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nawal | Majid | majidn3449@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 105 | 105 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunoglobulin isotypes | First Aid 2021 | IgG can cross the placenta = PlaGenta | Mnemonic | Verified | We already have a mnemonic in place for its ability to cross the placenta. -ALL | | | | Oscar | Gómez Villaseñor | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 106 | 106 | Immunology | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://next.amboss.com/us/article/1K022S?q=innate%20immunity#Z2a234ded7e3087053301c741dedbe89b | The diagram of the complement activation page 106 in first aid 2021 , it shows that C3 convertase consists of C4b2b whereas in other texts C3 consists of C3b2a | Minor erratum | Verified | No change required, the current diagram is accurate - RBS | I can't access amboss and the way we have it looks correct per UTD CC https://www.uptodate.com/contents/complement-pathways?search=c3%20convertase&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~16&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Rasha | Al-Karkhy | Dr.rm1423@yahoo.ca | ||||||||||||||
| 107 | 108 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Important cytokines | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1904850/ | IL-4 induces formation of IgE (E has four lines) and so does IL-13 (E looks like an inverted 3) | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting mnemonic, can we add it to the text? - RBS | I will add, it seems a tad obscure to me the IL-4 particularly. But discussion could clarify this. -CCR | Add per authors - Connie" | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | [Rejected] | José Daniel | Osoria-Velásquez | jdaniel.osoriav@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 108 | 108 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Important cytokines | 1- Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 6th edition, Page 298{Appendix II: Cytokines} 2- Janeway's immunobiology 9th edition, Page 811 {Appendix III: Cytokines and their receptors} | NK cells are activated by IL-2, IL-12, IFN alpha and beta(and this is what First Aid says on page 101). However, on page 108 first aid says that IFN-gamma activates NK cells, that's not true and several resources(i have mentioned some of them), does not list IFN-gamma as an activator of NK cell but as a cytokine secreted by them(NK cell) upon activation. My suggestion is to remove the line on P. 108 that says: "Also activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells" | Minor erratum | Verified | Good catch, IFNg is secreted by NK cells but doesn't activate them. Needs changes- RBS | I will add to annotate the suggestion. I agree deleting that sentence is the best way to go about this without misleading students. -CCR | The IFNg production by NK cells is key in the NK cell role, but secreted IFNg does play some role in some very complicated functions of NK cells themselves (mostly in oncoimmunology). So that being said, this is LY for step 1 and without additional details, could be misleading. NOT major errata, but could delete first sentence of this paragraph because it is LY. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 109 | 111 | Immunology | Pharmacology | Vaccination | . | Killed or inactivated Vaccines Mnemonic: Attention Teachers! R.I.P. | Live attenuated vaccine Mnemonic starts with "Attention Teachers!" too. So remembering this mnemonic would be much easier this way. Also R.I.P. can remind that vaccine is "Killed". Attention(Hep.A) Teachers!(Thypoid), R(Rabies). I(Influenza). P(Polio). | Mnemonic | Verified | The current mnemonic is good - RBS | Second RBS. -CCR | Add per authors - Connie" | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Doğan Şevki | Kalamanoğlu | dogankalaman@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 110 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-vaccines-to-prevent-sars-cov-2-infection, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mRNA.html , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html , | MRNA Virus should be placed under vaccine type , description allows our cells to make a spike protein which is the spike protein found on the surface of the virus that causes Covid-19 , pros allows immune system to recognize harmful spike protein and reduces adverse effects of Covid-19 if immune system encounters Covid-19 virus. Cons little is known about immunity from Covid-19 much research is needed. Examples BNT162b2 , mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S (Covd-19 vaccines) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with Connie, this is HY information now. - RBS | Agreed, this is important information to add. -CCR Migrated to annotate. -ALL | Excellent idea! The vaccine was not released when this edition was sent to the publisher, but an entry on mRNA vaccines should definitely be added next edition. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Maureen Oluchukwu | Okafor | okaformaureen@ymail.com | |||||||||||||
| 111 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | https://firstaidteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2021_FAS1_Foreword-2.pdf | Lack of person-first language: "immunodeficient patients" should be "patients with immunodeficiency" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 112 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | Mnemonic | Subunit vaccines can be remembered by: Handles SHiN Bugs Perfectly (H for HPV, SHiN for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, B for HBV, P for pertussis) | Mnemonic | Verified | The current mnemonic is good - RBS | Second RBS. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammed | Shehada | moe.zeidieh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 113 | 113 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Hypersensitivity types | Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease Page 213 | The addition of Rheumatoid Arthritis in this type 3 hypersensitivity examples is new in this 2021 edition, but Robbins 10th edition still classifies the same as type 4 hypersensitivity. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | Neil | Patel | neilpatel.tsl@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 114 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1050956-clinical#b2 | For "X-Linked (Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia", since No TONsils or lymph nodes are found onexamination, I think it is a perfect way to remember. BruTON, absent/scanty TONsils. The "B" in "Bruton" has already been bolded to highlight the fact that there is a deficiency in B cells, I think my suggestion will help solidify that point as I saw many vignettes highlight the "scanty tonsils" | Mnemonic | Verified | Not required. - RBS | Second RBS. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jayakrithi | Krishnan | jayakrithi.krishnan@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 115 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/agammaglobulinemia | X-linked agammaglobulinemia can be treated with IVIG (IV immunoglobulin) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Should be added! - RBS | While true, there are NO treatments in this specific chart because treatments (especially for immunodeficiencies) are LY on step 1! - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michael | Goldberg | mgoldberg@osteo.wvsom.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 116 | 117 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | N/A | You have the mnemonic for "WATER", but I like to write it as "wAtEr", the letters all mean the same things (thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent inf), but this reminds me that IgA and IgE can be increased. | Mnemonic | Verified | The current mnemonic is good - RBS | Second RBS. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Landen | Burstiner | landenburstiner@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 117 | 117 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | N/A | Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome due to mutation in the WAS gene, therefore "leukocytes and platelets unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton".... so think "Weird Actin Sytoskeleton" | Mnemonic | Verified | Not required. - RBS | Agreed with RBS. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Priya | Gupta | priyagupta415@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 118 | 117 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14612666/ | In the text, it is mentioned that it is a mutation in the WAS gene. However, based on Pathoma (p.17) and NIH it is a mutation in WASP | Minor erratum | Verified | The text needs to change, it is accurate. - RBS | Text is correct; the mutation is in the WAS gene, which encodes for the WASp protein. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/wiskott-aldrich-syndrome - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nardin | Farag | nardin.farag@mail.mcgill.ca | ||||||||||||||
| 119 | 117 | Immunology | Immune Responses | NEW FACT | NA | Ataxia- telangiectasia ATAXiAll A: ataxia T: telangiectasia A: ↑ AFP X: ↑ X-ray sensitivity All: ↓ all immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgE) | Mnemonic | Verified | Low yield mnemonic. - RBS | I don't think the mnemonic is that intuitive besides being LY. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 120 | 120 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3003868/ | Include Everolimus as an mTor inhibitor that blocks T-cell activation and B-cell diferentiation by preventing response to IL-2. Its indicated on kidney and breast cancer. Toxicity: Hypertension and proteinuria | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Oscar | Gómez Villaseñor | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 121 | 121 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18020592/ | Oprelvekin: recombinant human interleukin-11 | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Is this HY? Do we need to cross-reference this? I don't remember any questions about this, but I could be wrong. I'll wait for more input before rejecting. -ALL | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 122 | 122 | Immunology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | not needed | Please consider a better mnemonic for Trastuzumab. It's target HER2 could be associated with ovarian cancer if we spell it like Trust HER (or Trust HER2 ovaries). Current mnemonic doesn't reflect the organ. | Mnemonic | Verified | I think the user has an older version of the book, this information was moved to HemeOnc (p. 452), and it does include the "trust HER" part. Honestly, I would leave as it is. Also, we only mention breast (and gastric), not ovarian cancer. I think the most HY correlation is with breast cancer, but if someone feels we should cross-reference, we could. I vote reject. -ALL. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/580150 | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Alesia | Kazantceva | alesiaskaz@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 123 | 122 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT | (1) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prevention-of-meningococcal-infection/abstract/67 . ( 2) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prevention-of-meningococcal-infection/abstract/68 | regarding autoimmune disease therapy drug called eculizumab , one of the major concern and side effect is it increase the risk of meningococcal infection with 1000 - 2000 increased risk fold. so it can be mention in the note box near the drug MOA . some people says questions about this info was nearly tested in their exams. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am not sure what the user means with "was nearly tested", so maybe we should cross-reference this. I think this could be a good addition to the "Notes" column next to "Clinical use" (not MOA). I will migrate and tag the cross-reference team. -ALL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7666998/ | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ayman | Salih | aymansalih16@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 124 | 122 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-giant-cell-arteritis/abstract/27,28 . https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-rheumatoid-arthritis-in-adults-resistant-to-initial-conventional-nonbiologic-dmard-therapy/abstract/77,100-105 | Tocilizumab — The use of TCZ, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) was suggested by evidence that IL-6 is important in disease pathogenesis. its also used in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis . | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The addition of TCZ was also suggested last year and its already present in annotate. -CCR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ayman | Salih | aymansalih16@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 125 | 124 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Cell envelope | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5771553/ | It’s written that periplasm is the space between cytoplasm and outer membrane actually the picture shows that it’s the space between cytoplasm and cell wall “peptidoglycan” it’s much easier to be mentioned like this | Minor erratum | Verified | The periplasm is a concentrated gel-like matrix in the space between the inner cytoplasmic membrane and the bacterial outer membrane called the periplasmic space in gram-negative bacteria. Graphic appears correct to me also. - Christian | Looks like this is a text change and that the illustration is correct. Defer to text editors. CC Both text and illustration look correct to me. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 126 | 125 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Stains | NA | HeLiCoPter in silver stain: H: Helicobacter pylori L: Legionella C: Coccidioides P: Pneumocystis jirovecii | Mnemonic | Verified | Possibly helpful, will add to text for further debate -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 127 | 126 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Aerobes | Not needed | Obligate aerobes (Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) - Nobody Punches Better than Myke tyson | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a fan seeing as how the mnemonic has no connection to aerobes and does not cover bacillus anthracis and cereus. A commonly used mnemonic for this purpose is "Nagging Pests Must Breathe". I vote Reject. -FAR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 128 | 128 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Catalase-positive organisms | https://usmle-rx.scholarrx.com/first-aid?id=246 | Catalase-positive organisms arranged so that their initial letters follow the mnemonic ABC HELPS oN BlS (basic life support) Aspergillus, Bordetella pertussis, Candida, Helicobacter pylori, E.coli, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Staphylococci Nocardia, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this. Wonder how others feel? Will add as note on annotate for debate. -Christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Giannis | Iona | i.giannis94@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 129 | 128 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Catalase-positive organisms | Not needed | Cats Need PPLACESS to Belch their HairBalls - Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Pasteurella, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, Staph, Serratia, Burkholderia cepacia, H. pylori, Bordetella pertussis | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a huge fan, a little too complex for a mnemonic -christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 130 | 128 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Catalase-positive organisms | N/A | BLEB SCHNAP- Mnemonic for memorizing Catalase positive organisms, it is particularly useful because of the blebs (bubbles) the organisms produce. | Mnemonic | Verified | per Connie -christian | Will add for consideration by croudsourcing - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Diego | Ramonfaur | d.ramonfaur@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 131 | 130 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Bacterial genetics | not needed | Mnemonic for the Transformation can be TransformatSHiN. TransformatSHiN helps with remembering that SHiN bacteria undergo Transformation. | Mnemonic | Verified | Already included on page 130 - christian | | | | Chinelo | Agwuncha | chinelo.agwuncha@lmunet.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 132 | 135 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | β-hemolytic bacteria | First aid 2020 | Hi there! Please include listeria monocytogene as a beta hemolytic. it is not included on page 135 but it is mentioned in the index p 779. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Will include as note -christian | Reader is correct, listeria is b-hemolytic and missing on this chart and also HY enough to include. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-pathogenesis-of-listeria-monocytogenes-infection - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Suleiman | Abou Ramadan | sliman.abouramadane@hotmail.co.il | ||||||||||||||
| 133 | 138 | Microbiology | Systems | Bacillus cereus | mnemonic | "B cereus". (Be serious about eating rice) | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a huge fan of this one -christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Alex | Midani | axmidani@aol.com | ||||||||||||||
| 134 | 138 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clostridial-myonecrosis?search=clostridium%20septicum&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~12&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Clostridium septicum – can cause spontaneous gas gangrene via hematogenous seeding of muscle from a GI tract. Often associated with GI lesions (colonic malignancy) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This bacteria was tested on a UW question. I would recommend migrating to debate. Edit: Added as a reply under Panagiotis' note regarding the same. -FAR | Given that it is a clostridium species one could reason that it is an anaerobe and therefore likely GI related. I don't think this merits its own place in the text, except for if some of the students who recently took Step 1 have seen it come up (don't think UWorld including it should necessarily mean we include it) - Christian | Thank you authors. Migrate for discussion. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Yekaterina | Khamzina | ykhamzina@alumni.nu.edu.kz | |||||||||||||
| 135 | 140 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Mycobacteria | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4107858/ | Similar TB tests: Interferon-γrelease assay (IGRA), quantiferon gold, T-spot | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is already commented on, see page 140 of current text -christian | Agree with author, does not warrant additional mention here. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 136 | 140 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Mycobacteria | Prophylaxis with azithromycin when CD4+ count < 50 cells/mm3: This is NO longer recommended due to cost, low overall risk, and concern for antimicrobial resistance. Uworld Step 2 question bank Question ID: 2268 CDC guidelines | Minor erratum | Verified | True, will add to annotate -christian | | | | Caroline | Amakove | ba0988@wayne.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 137 | 140 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Tuberculosis | https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Tuberculosis/ | TB symptoms in first aid2021 symptoms include productive or nonproductive cough hemoptysis while in AMBOSS YB initially is dormant and when it’s active the symptoms include productive cough with or without hemoptysis | Minor erratum | Verified | Top right of page 140, the text lists separate syx including cough (non-prod or productive) and hemoptysis. -christian | | | | Rasha | Al-Karkhy | dr.rm1423@yahoo.ca | ||||||||||||||||
| 138 | 142 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Antimicrobial therapy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-uncomplicated-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infections?search=gonorrhea%20treatment§ionRank=2&usage_type=default&anchor=H291944443&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H278540 | Treatment for confirmed Gonorrhea is now one shot of high-dose IM Ceftriaxone only (unless Chlamydia has not been excluded) as per updated guidelines | Major erratum | Verified | Will transfer with Connie's comment attached -christian | So technically the reader suggestion here is wrong (the dose of ceftriaxone is being changed), but the CDC did change their guidelines in Jan to move from azithro to doxy to cover for chlamydia. So this suggestion is wrong, but we do need to update this entry. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-uncomplicated-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infections We can add a note to annotate to remind ourselves to update this entry, but technically this reader's suggestion is wrong and therefore does not necessitate credit. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ali | Sabbagh | alisabbagh25@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 139 | 142 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Neisseria | page 142 | N.gonocci diagnosed by NAAT not NAT | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Ali | Metwaly | dralimostafa87@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 140 | 142 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Neisseria | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441840/ | Neiss guys go first. Neisseria conjunctivitis appears earlier (2-7 days) than chlamydia (5-14 days). NEISS GUYS GO FIRST! | Mnemonic | Verified | Kind of funny but would not include -christian | | | | Jean | Medina | Jeancmedina22@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 141 | 143 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | None needed | biofilm formation should have a space between the two words | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Ahmed | Noor | anoor2019@health.fau.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 142 | 146 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Lyme disease | https://www-uptodate-com.elibrary.einsteinmed.org/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-lyme-disease-in-adults?search=lyme%20disease%20stages&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H2 | Late Lyme disease (Stage 3) is typically associated with intermittent or persistent arthritis involving one or a few large joints, especially the knee (sometimes preceded by migratory arthralgias). FA 2020 has it listed in Stage 2. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree with Connie, reject - christian | Our text is correct, we have transient arthritis in stage 2, chronic in stage 3 - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Adira | Boniuk | adiraboniuk@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 143 | 146 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Lyme disease | https://www-uptodate-com.elibrary.einsteinmed.org/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-lyme-disease-in-adults?search=lyme%20disease%20stages&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H2 | Late Lyme disease (Stage 3) is typically associated with intermittent or persistent arthritis involving one or a few large joints, especially the knee (sometimes preceded by migratory arthralgias). FA 2020 has it listed in Stage 2. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Adira | Boniuk | adiraboniuk@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 144 | 146 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Spirochetes | No need since in bell palsy section in neurology, lyme is not considered a cause of bell palsy | In Borrelia burgdorferi, remove Bell palsy because borrelia causes facial nerve palsy but not bell (bell is either idiopathic and related to HSV) | Minor erratum | Verified | Ok to keep -christian | Not a correct differentiation between the terms. Keep text as is. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bells-palsy-pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-in-adults - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 145 | 146 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Vibrio cholerae | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vibrio-vulnificus-infections?search=vibrio%20vulnificus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~37&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | DRUNK CaptaINS4 - Diarrhea - Liver disease (cirrhosis) - Cellulitis / Cephalosporins (3rd) - Infections - Necrotizing Fasciitis - (4) Severe Wound, Septicemia, Salt tolerant, Sure Debridement. | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a fan of this, it seems a little too cumbersome -christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Leeany | Maletta | lmaletta@est.unibe.edu.do | ||||||||||||||
| 146 | 146 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Vibrio cholerae | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vibrio-vulnificus-infections?search=vibrio%20vulnificus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~39&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H6 | Growth of V. vulnificus is dependent upon the availability of iron. The relationship between iron and virulence in V. vulnificus may account for the enhanced susceptibility to serious infections with this organism in patients with hemochromatosis. | Clarification to current text | Verified | The siderophillic characteristic of V. vulnificus is outlined in UW and was a frequently tested concept, specifically in relation to Hereditary Hemochromatosis. I vote to migrate. -FAR | Agree, included as note on pg 146. -christian | Agree with authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Yekaterina | Khamzina | ykhamzina@alumni.nu.edu.kz | |||||||||||||
| 147 | 150 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Mycoplasma pneumoniae | First aid for the USMLE step 1 | Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MMICCOPLASMA) :- (*Military recruit, IgM against I antigen on red blood cells causes Cold hemolytic anemia, *College student live in dormitory, *Outbreak in Prisons, Lack cell wall(no peptidoglycan), Atypical pneumonia, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Macrolides, Adolescent, Eaton agar) *=spread in | Mnemonic | Verified | Too extravagant -christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abdulrrhman | Al-Shoshan | Abdulrrhman1421@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 148 | 150 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Rickettsial diseases and vector-borne illnesses | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ehrlichiosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372142 | Symptoms - fever, chills, myalgias, confusion, altered mental status & maculopapular rash Labs - Lymphopenia, Thrombocytopenia, and elevated Aminotransferases. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Most of this info is already included on entry on page 150 of current text (with exception of -penias) -Christian | Labs here are both variable and nonspecific and therefore LY, reject - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sanjay | Eda | sanjayeda@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 149 | 153 | Microbiology | Mycology | Opportunistic fungal infections | https://academic.oup.com/mmy/article/57/2/133/5133472 | Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) is used as well in the diagnosis. Cryptococcosis to to pulmonary cryptococcosis with nonspecific symptoms. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not sure what this is referring to on page 153...-christian | Not relevant - Conie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 150 | 156 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | No need | Suramin(serum) so for peripheral infection/ melarsoprol (melatonin) so for CNS | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this - not sure how HY it is - I know it is mentioned in Sketchy pharm. Will include in note on annotate for further debate. -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 151 | 156 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Protozoa—CNS infections | Derek Nicolas, making the mnemonic better that will include the entire drug name | Suramin: “I sure am in a mellow mood when I’m sleeping” | Mnemonic | Verified | Good idea -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Derek | Nicolas | dereknicolas8.business@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 152 | 157 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Protozoa—hematologic infections | quinidine is class Ia antiarrhythmic | "If life-threatening, use intravenous quinidine or ..." it should be quinine, not "quinidine" | Major erratum | Verified | Wow, great catch, this is indeed true. "Whereas quinine is used for the treatment of malaria, quinidine is an important class Ia antiarrhythmic drug Vaughan Williams (1984) acting on voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV channels) and on delayed rectifier potassium channels." Source: https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy.library.emory.edu/topics/chemistry/quinidine | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 153 | 157 | Microbiology | Parasitology | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18403267/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5660624/ | High prevalence of Plasmodium fAlcipArum = AfricA. High prevalence of Plasmodium vIxAx= IndiA. (the two A's in fAlcipArum can be used to remember high prevalence in AfricA and the letters I and A in vIxAx can be used to remember IndiA! ) I think this is helpful to remember what species are most prevalent per region. | Mnemonic | Verified | Good idea -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mariam | Chishty | mariamchishty@live.co.uk | ||||||||||||||
| 154 | 159 | Microbiology | Parasitology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/miscellaneous-nematodes?search=dracunculiasis§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H8121930&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~8&display_rank=1#H8121930 | Dracunculus medinensis is an important tissue nematode that is transmitted via drinking water containing copepods; the worms can penetrate the surface of the skin and cause a painful skin ulcer | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree LY. I never saw this studying for or taking Step 1. I think it is mentioned because it is included in Sketchy Pharm. Do not include. -Christian | Based on the UTD article linked, there were 53 cases between 2018 and 2019, all in rural areas of Africa and Asia. LY! - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Barat | Venkataramany | barat.venkataramany@rockets.utoledo.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 155 | 160 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Trematodes (flukes) | Not needed | Schistosomes have a Spine; S heamatobium: TERMINAL destination is HOME (HAEM) | Mnemonic | Verified | Think this is a little bit of a stretch but I'll add as note just in case others feel differently. -Christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ramona | Mittal | ramona.mittal92@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 156 | 160 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Trematodes (flukes) | Not needed | Schistosoma spp. spine locations: HTML (Haematobium – Terminal, Mansoni – Lateral) | Mnemonic | Verified | A little too confusing to include, not everyone will be familiar with HTML - christian | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 157 | 160 | Microbiology | Parasitology | NEW FACT | https://www.medicinenet.com/schistosomiasis/article.htm#what_are_the_symptoms_and_signs_of_schistosomiasis | SchiStoSoma= S(nail= intermediate host) S(kin=cutaneous transmission) S(quamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) S(pine lateral and terminal) S(wimming transmission) | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a great one, too many of the same letter - christian | | | | Kashifa | Haqqani Zara | kashifahaqqani@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 158 | 160 | Microbiology | Parasitology | NEW FACT | https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/health_professionals/index.html | Similarities: Cysts in T.solium and E.granulosus transmitted through ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with feces, treated with albendazole | Mnemonic | Verified | Could consider including, not sure it fits super well but there is space at the end of page 160, will include for discussion. -christian | | | | Kashifa | Haqqani Zara | kashifahaqqani@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 159 | 163 | Microbiology | Virology | Naked viral genome infectivity | FA2021 p175: RNA needs to be synthesized into dsDNA by reverse transcriptase; dsDNA integrate into host DNA for replication | Not all positive strand ssRNA viruses have infectious purified nucleic acid; HIV should be an exception | Clarification to current text | Verified | Though this may indeed be true, I don't see where on page 163 this statement is made. -christian | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 160 | 164 | Microbiology | Virology | DNA viruses | UWorld and Nature journal: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-020-00427-y | In the Polyomavirus entry, add that JC virus also commonly reactivates to cause PML in patients treated for multiple sclerosis, not just HIV. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Added as note - christian | We can broaden this to say "immunocompromised (eg HIV)." MS itself is not HY, it's the immunocompromised state of MS treatment. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew J. | Christensen | mattchristensen607@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 161 | 165 | Microbiology | Virology | Herpesviruses | First Aid for the USMLE Step 1, 2021 | comparing VZV vs Small pox ---(Rash)-----VZV = different stages (Rash) /. small pox= same stage (Rash) can we do a column it's very important to know that fact tested A-lot | Mnemonic | Verified | Might not be a bad idea to include this, and I don't see it already there. Will add as note. -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Alex | Midani | axmidani@aol.com | ||||||||||||||
| 162 | 165 | Microbiology | Virology | Herpesviruses | FA 2021 | In EBV induced infectious mononucleosis: atypical cells are CD8 T cells. In EBV induced primary CNS lymphoma: atypical cells are B cells. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is true from my survey of the literature (even though author bizarrely quotes FA 2021 as source...) However it is more or less stated on page 165 and I don't think we need to include this. -Christian | Agree with Christian, it is already stated in the text. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 163 | 165 | Microbiology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/postherpetic-neuralgia?search=post%20herpetic%20neuralgia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~60&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H7 | Gabapentin, pregabalin, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are generally the drugs of first choice for the treatment of PHN. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree. -christian | Step 2 material - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Karun | Bhattarai | anelitekarun99@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 164 | 167 | Microbiology | Virology | DNA viruses | attached file | table on this page, can be re-organized for easy memorization | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree that this chart is fairly inefficient & LY. Memorizing what a delta virus is not how to do well on Step 1, but I suppose FA is also a reference resource for students. Think we should consider cutting some of this table and rearranging...-christian | The attached diagram includes some possibly confusing elements (underlying for enveloped viruses in the first column), but I think the idea of reorganizing this chart by structure may be worth visiting. Worth accepting to let author team brainstorm on how we can reorganize this very inefficient chart. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hassan | Ayoub | hayoub2005@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 165 | 167 | Microbiology | Virology | RNA viruses | Self made | To remember the virus families that are transmitted by arthropods i.e. arboviruses, think “Rare viruses are Transmitted By Flies” where “R” represents “Reoviruses”, “T” stands for “Togaviruses”, “B” stands for “Bunyaviruses” and “F” stands for “Flaviviruses”. | Mnemonic | Verified | Nice one - christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ayan | Agarwal | ayan.agarwal19@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 166 | 167 | Microbiology | Virology | Rubella virus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=2560066 | Rubella virus is no longer in the Togavirus family. It is in the Matonaviridae family. | Major erratum | Verified | This appears to be correct: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2812-9 -christian | True, I remember considering this on a previous edition, but we opted not to because UTD still had Rubella in the Toga family, and sometimes committee changes can take time. But it as been over two years now, and literature has definitely broadly adopted this new classification. UTD is still not up to date as per 5/23/21, but I actually submitted a topic update just now. I suppose this could be considered very minor errata. - Connie ICTV committee decision summary: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04306-w | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Phillip | Yang | phillipypr@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 167 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Influenza viruses | https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/change.htm#:~:text=When%20shift%20happens%2C%20most%20people,in%20the%20past%20100%20years. | Genetic/Antigenic drift cause minor global outbreaks (epidemics) rather than major global outbreaks (pandemic) as cited. Major outbreaks are usually caused by antigenic shift. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree - christian | Oh nooo our text is wrong here. Change "major global outbreaks..." in antigenic DRIFT entry to "localized outbreaks" https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-influenza - Connie | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | ERRATA - MAJOR | | | | Karl | Habashy | karlhabashy@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 168 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Influenza viruses | Not needed | Genetic/antigenic shift: Shift is Severe | Mnemonic | Verified | Could be helpful, will add as note -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ramona | Mittal | ramona.mittal92@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 169 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Influenza viruses | First Aid 2020 and other medical sources. | Antigenic drift and shift are both described as causing "major global outbreaks (pandemics)", and that is not the cause of antigenic drift. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Jorge p | Cortés | jorge.cortes.05@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 170 | 169 | Microbiology | Pathology | Influenza viruses | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-influenza?search=genetic%20drift&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~50&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Genetic/antigenic drift Random mutation in hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) genes, minor changes in HA or NA protein (drift) occur frequently major global outbreaks (pandemics). It causes minor epidemics not major. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | karan | kumar | karankumarlarai@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 171 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Influenza viruses | UWorld and UpToDate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-seasonal-influenza-in-adults | The M2 protein is integral to the influenza viral envelope and is the target of the drug Amantadine. Mutations in this M2 protein contribute to influenza's drug resistance. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Won't include -christian | UTD link says CDC recommends amantadine NOT be used. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Matthew J. | Christensen | mattchristensen607@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 172 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Influenza viruses | https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/change.htm | Hello, In page 169, it is written that " antigenic drift leads to a major global outbreaks (pandemic). Indeed it was written in the first aid 2020 that antigenic drift leads to a local outbreaks (epidemic). Also I revised the CDC regarding the influenza viruses vaccinations, and I found that only the antigenic shift leads to major global outbreaks (pandemic). I attached a screenshot of the CDC article. Thank you! | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Khaled | Saed | alkarrady2006@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 173 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Influenza viruses | https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/change.htm | The Image for Virus A & B is INCORRECT. Influenza virus B is associated with DRIFT NOT SHIFT as the image indicates. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Ahmed | Imamovic | ahmed.imamovic@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 174 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Influenza viruses | major global outbreaks (pandemics): should be "epidemic"- property seen by both Influenza A, B Antigenic drift- only observed by influenza; "Antigenic drift, caused by subtle changes in influenza's surface proteins, partially accounts for annual epidemic outbreaks of the illness. Antigenic shift that occurs because of major changes in the viral hemagglutinin and sometimes in the neuraminidase, the other surface protein, results in the more widespread and lethal pandemic forms of influenza." - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10977472/ | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Nishtha | Gupta | nishthagupta28@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 175 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Rubella virus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=2560066 | change "a togavirus" to "a member of the Matonaviridae family" | Minor erratum | Verified | This has been addressed -christian | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 176 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Viral genetics | Antigenic drift contributes to local outbreaks (epidemics) as referenced in First Aid 2020 (p. 169) | Genetic/antigenic drift; Random mutation in hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) genes -> minor changes in HA or NA protein (drift) occur frequently -> major global outbreaks (pandemics) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 177 | 172 | Microbiology | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-virus-infection-in-adults-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis#:~:text=Transmission%20and%20risk%20factors%20%E2%80%94%20HAV,of%20contaminated%20food%20or%20water https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-beyond-the-basics https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16457870/ | Had A water and A oyster without A hand washing and got Hepatitis A! | Mnemonic | Verified | Not useful - Christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Maleeha | Afreen | ma854@georgetown.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 178 | 172 | Microbiology | Immune Responses | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500139-overview | Prophylaxis- Patients may receive the vaccine once they have recovered from the acute illness (if symptomatic) and meet the criteria to discontinue isolation. Patients who received monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma should wait 90 days before receiving the vaccine. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is super relevant and HY for Step 2 CK - christian | | | | Akanksha | Naik | akankshavnaik29@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 179 | 172 | Microbiology | Virology | Zika virus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-zika-virus-infection-clinical-features-evaluation-and-management-of-the-neonate?search=zika%20virus%20cortical%20thinning&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | brain imaging shows ventriculomegaly, subcortical calcifications, and "cortical atrophy/thinning". May also cause closed anterior fontanelle (craniosynostosis). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure this is so HY - it is already clear from entry that there are brain changes as a consequence of perinatal Zika infection -christian | Agree this is not very HY. There are other clinical findings - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Bashar | Hassan | bah24@mail.aub.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 180 | 173 | Microbiology | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | not needed | Hepatitis A and E are fEcAl route of transmission. Word Fecal covers both vowels A and E same as Hep. A/E. | Mnemonic | Verified | defer to connie -christian | Too easy to confuse - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 181 | 173 | Microbiology | Virology | Hepatitis viruses | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007742, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104925, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3729363/ | FA states "HBV DNA polymerase has DNA- and RNA-dependent activities. Upon entry into the nucleus, the polymerase completes the partial dsDNA." However, it appears to be CELLULAR repair factors, including HOST DNA polymerase alpha, that turn the HBV partially ds DNA into cccDNA. (This is also explained as host cell machinery in UWorld question ID 15169, and this also makes sense as it explains why the HBV DNA would need to be in the host cell nucleus to be "repaired") | Minor erratum | Verified | This may be correct, looks like it is well supported by sources, but would need expert review. However, this appears to be consistent with what is currently stated in the text on page 172 -christian | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 182 | 175 | Microbiology | Virology | HIV | Dr Najeeb Video, Microbiology section; HIV Structure, Replication Cycle & Antiretroviral Drugs Part 6 | gag (p7, p24 and p17)—Nucleocapsid, capsid and matrix proteins, respectively | Minor erratum | Verified | Appears correct to me ask stated in text. Only that text does not include mention of p7 - christian | It seems like the current information in the figure is accurate; this entry is more about whether to include the p7 RNA-binding protein too (product of the gag gene like p24 and p17). I would defer to others to determine if inclusion of this protein is worthwhile. (SJ) | Agree with authors text is correct. The specific p7 protein is pretty LY. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nitesh | Shrestha | 1198692315@qq.com | |||||||||||||
| 183 | 179 | Microbiology | Systems | Bugs causing diarrhea | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=bloody%20diarrhea&sp=0&searchType=PLAIN_TEXT&source=USER_INPUT&searchControl=TOP_PULLDOWN&searchOffset=1&autoComplete=false&language=en&max=10&index=&autoCompleteTerm= | C.H.E.E.S.S.Y bugs cause bloody diarrhea | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a huge fan, plus mnemonic is not explained here -christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sophia | Herzog | sherzog3@student.touro.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 184 | 179 | Microbiology | Systems | Common causes of pneumonia | None needed | COPD under special groups is not formatted the same way as the other entries. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Ahmed | Noor | anoor2019@health.fau.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 185 | 180 | Microbiology | Systems | Common causes of meningitis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-of-bacterial-meningitis-in-adults?search=causes%20of%20meningitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1005384 UworldQID:735 | streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of meningitis in all age groups | Major erratum | Verified | Defer to Connie -christian | Not in the baby age group. Our text is correct. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-meningitis-in-children-older-than-one-month-clinical-features-and-diagnosis - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ronil | Vaghjiani | vaghjianirg2@vcu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 186 | 180 | Microbiology | Systems | Common causes of meningitis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232915-overview | Add: Symptoms of meningitis: Classic triad of fever headache, and neck stiffness(nuchal rigidity) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Defer to Connie -christian | Not relevant information for the bacterial causes chart. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 187 | 180 | Microbiology | Systems | Common causes of meningitis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532264/#:~:text=Antibiotic%20choices%20for%20neonatal%20meningitis,every%208%20to%2012%20hours. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148475/ | As we know the drug of choice for neonatal meningitidis is Cefotaxime not ceftriaxone (which is crontraindicated in neonates) for that reason I think is important to modify this part. >> Give ceftriaxone (Adults) Cefotaxime (Neonates). | Minor erratum | Verified | Not contraindicated in neonates though in my experience neonates < 1 month often receive amp/gent -christian | Not contraindicated in neonates. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-meningitis-in-children-older-than-one-month-treatment-and-prognosis - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Leidy Laura | Guerrero Hernández | leidylauragh14@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 188 | 180 | Microbiology | Systems | Common causes of meningitis | mnemonic | Main causes of meningitis in children can be remembered with the mnemonic "GEL" → Group B streptococcus, E. coli, and Listeria | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this, but fits better in step 2 ck textbook -christian | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 189 | 180 | Microbiology | Miscellaneous | NEW FACT | https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases | I do believe that next version should include a table with high yield mosquito-pathogen associations .It may seem esoteric at first glance ,but I do predict it may benefit next gen of test takers. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Sounds good - christian | Made this change last year; grouped arboviruses earlier in the chapter. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Stylianos | Elemes | lms.pao@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 190 | 182 | Microbiology | Systems | Rubella virus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-rubella-syndrome-clinical-features-and-diagnosis | The consequences of congenital rubella infection can be remembered by the letter R superimposed on the body, starting from the RV outflow track, signifying pulmonary stenosis. The arch of the R passes through the eyes and ears signifying cataracts and sensorineural hearing loss, and the leg of the R concludes at the aortic arch signifying PDA. The drawing can obviously be graphically improved by someone with more talent than me! | Mnemonic | Verified | Think this would practically be a lot of work for relatively LY, I would table this idea -christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ryan | Henrici | henricipsu@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 191 | 182 | Microbiology | Systems | TORCH infections | https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Congenital_TORCH_infections | ToRCHHHeS Light Via Pregnancy - Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, HSV, HIV, Hepatitis B, Syphilis, Listeriosis, Varicella, Parvovirus B19. | Mnemonic | Verified | Would not include - christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nidhi | Jain | nidhi.astronaut@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 192 | 182 | Microbiology | Systems | TORCH infections | not needed | Remember: Parvovirus B19 (B)efore (19) weeks can cause hydrops fetalis | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | Adam | Robins | arobins54@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 193 | 182 | Microbiology | Systems | TORCH infections | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2793222/#:~:text=For%20women%20who%20contract%20parvovirus,last%202%20months%20of%20pregnancy. | Remember: Parvovirus B19 (B)efore (19) weeks can cause hydrops fetalis [before 20 weeks exactly, as mentioned in reference below] | Mnemonic | Verified | Sort of clinical, prob more Step 2 but will include as note for debate - christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Adam | Robins | arobins54@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 194 | 184 | Microbiology | Systems | Sexually transmitted infections | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2660501/ | Neisseria gonorrhoea and chlamydia trachomatis can also cause sexually transmitted proctitis | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | More along the lines of step 2 content -christian | | | | Raed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 195 | 187 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Antimicrobial therapy | not needed | Bactericidal Antimicrobials: "Penicillins & Cephalosporins Are Very 'cidal' For Microbes" P=penicillins, C=cephalosporins, A=aminoglycosides, V=vancomycin, 'cidal'=bactericidal, F=fluoroquinolones, M=metronidazole | Mnemonic | Verified | Could be helpful -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | RICHARD | PELLEGRINI | rpellegr@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 196 | 187 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Penicillin G, V | https://next.amboss.com/us/article/mm0VTg#Z8ad3fac6c6b3528499d347d924443abb | Penicillin G (GIVe Penicillin G IV) | Mnemonic | Verified | Confusing - christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Molly | Spalding | spalding.molly@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 197 | 189 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins | https://www.cdc.gov/melioidosis/treatment/index.html | Ceftazidime is indicated for Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree with connie -christian | LY tx for uncommon finding; LY for step 1 - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 198 | 189 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins | Highlight them with red | 3Bs for 3Gen cephalosporins Blood-Brain-Barier | Mnemonic | Verified | Somewhat low LY and not the greatest mnemonic -christian | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 199 | 190 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Carbapenems | FA 187 | There is no mention of the mechanism! Please add Inhibiting cross-linking of bacterial cell wall | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is true, added as a note under entry with a review I found on carbapenems. Worth editing. -christian | True. Worthy addition, not errata, thank you Christian! - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 200 | 192 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Chloramphenicol | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/amiodarone-adverse-effects-potential-toxicities-and-approach-to-monitoring?search=gray%20man%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Chloramphenicol is associated with gray baby syndrome Amiodarone is associated with blue-gray man syndrome | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is mentioned on page 192 of current text -christian | Agree with christian, reject. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 201 | 192 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Tetracyclines | n/a | tetracycline side effects- Tummy problems, Toddler bone growth, Teeth discolouration, phoTosensitivity, Teratogenic | Mnemonic | Verified | Not sure this is the most effective mnemonic, would not include - Christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Yeu-Yao Kevin | Cheng | kevincheng100@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 202 | 192 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Tetracyclines | Not needed | Doxycycline is fecally elliminated: DOxycycline in the DOokie | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a fan - christian | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 203 | 192 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Tigecycline | N/A-simply pointing out contradictory statements about well known medical facts. | Tigecycline, as stated in your own text on p.192, is bacteriostatic. Bacteriostatic antibiotics are not preferred in deep tissue infections. Again in p.192 under the section dedicated to tigecycline, it is stated that tigecycline is used against infections requiring deep tissue penetration. This seems to be contradictory and counter-intuitive. | Minor erratum | Verified | Added as note with Connie's comment included - Christian | Complicated concept to fully dissect, but the HY fact here is that Tigecycline has coverage against MRSA and VRE. We should delete the "deep tissue infection" part because it is no where near first line for deep tissue infections. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acinetobacter-infection-treatment-and-prevention - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sinan | Ince | smertince@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 204 | 193 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Macrolides | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4692299/ | Fidamoxicin is mentioned on p. 138 as a treatment for Clostridioides difficile, but it is not covered in the antimicrobial section. Fidamoxicin is a macrolide-like antibiotic that inhibits RNA polymerase, and it is used to treat non-severe C. diff infections. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not the most HY addition but will include as note in case others feel differently! -Christian | Agree with christian. Thank you, not errata. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 205 | 195 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Daptomycin | Not needed | For adverse effects of daptomycin, rhabdomyolysis is a type of myopathy and so I propose the text should read "myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis" to clarify that point. As it's currently written, they seem like distinct effects. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree with connie - christian | They are distinct effects. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed | Noor | anoor2019@health.fau.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 206 | 195 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Fluoroquinolones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/moxifloxacin-systemic-drug-information?source=history_widget#F9347992 | Those with CNS penetration, can cause psychiatric disturbances; such as hallucinations, psychosis & paranoia. Also contraindicated for those with history of Myastinia Grava. (See Under Warning/Precautions in Uptodate link | Minor erratum | Verified | Very LY - christian | It's a relative contraindication that is very LY for step 1. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sophia | Herzog | sherzog3@student.touro.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 207 | 195 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Fluoroquinolones | myself | a mnemonic for non-respiratory fluoroquinolones. the mnemonic is "ONCE". O-Ofloxacin, N-Norfloxacin, C-Ciprofloxacin, E-Enoxacin. | Mnemonic | Verified | Perhaps more suited for step 2, though I really like this mnemonic -christian | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 208 | 195 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Metronidazole | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-infection-in-adults-treatment-and-prevention?search=Metronidazole&topicRef=464&source=see_link | There is no metronidazole in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile: "Treatment: oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin" (page 138). However on page 195: "Metronidazole: ...Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C difficile)." | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree, we should keep flagyl in there - christian | Metronidazole is an option if vanc and fidaxomicin are not available. In the chart on 195, c diff is listed as an example anaerobe the drug has action against. I think the way this is organized in the book is appropriate. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | OLEH | KIM | oleg_skado@mail.ru | ||||||||||||||
| 209 | 197 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Ethambutol | myself | in the mechanism of action for Ethambutol, it inhibits arabinosyl transferase rather than "arabinosyltransferase". | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Appears that it is used as "arabinosyltransferase" in the literature, as stated in the text, do note change - christian | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 210 | 197 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Isoniazid | no reference needed just a kind mnemonic suggestion | IsoniAZID= decreases synthesis of mycolic AZID. This helps me memorize the mechanism of action of Isoniazid. | Mnemonic | Verified | LY - christian | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 211 | 197 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Isoniazid | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1217661-clinical | Optic neuritis is also a well-documented adverse effect of Isoniazid (possibly a manifestation of its neuropathy itself) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is HY for USMLE step 2, wouldn't include given new de-emphasis of pharm on Step 1 - christian | | | | Bidushi | Pokhrel | pbidushi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 212 | 197 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis | no reference needed just a kind mnemonic suggestion | IsoniAZID= decreases synthesis of mycolic AZID. This helps me memorize the mechanism of action of Isoniazid. | Mnemonic | Verified | LY - christian (repeat) | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 213 | 197 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Streptomycin | myself | adverse effects of streptomycin in Tall VAN. t-tinnitus, v-vertigo, a-ataxia, n-nephrotoxicity. | Mnemonic | Verified | LY - christian | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 214 | 198 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Prophylaxis in HIV infections/AIDS | 1- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19730409/ 2- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19632953/ | Primary prophylaxis (eg, itraconazole) against histoplasmosis is sometimes given for those with CD4 counts ≤150/mm3 in histoplasma-endemic areas (eg, Ohio/Mississippi river valley) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Also way too specific/niche/clinical and would never be tested on Step 1 - christian | Key word is "sometimes." If it's not standard of care, it's not on step 1. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Laith | Rahabneh | laith.rahabneh1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 215 | 199 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Antifungal therapy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coccidioidal-meningitis https://www.medscape.com/answers/215978-77267/what-is-the-treatment-for-coccidioidal-meningitis | Fluconazole is the initial drug of choice for Coccidioidal meningitis, while intrathecal Amphotericin B is used ONLY if fluconazloe failed or during pregnancy(as azoles are teratogenic). I think this clarification is needed since First aid does not mention it clearly. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Oral fluconazole is the initial drug of choice for treatment of coccidioidal meningitis, this is correct. However, on page 151 of the text this is pretty clearly stated (local vs systemic infections) - christian | Agree with Christian, our text is clear and correct. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 216 | 199 | Microbiology | Pharmacology | Antifungal therapy | not needed | in the page 199 all those meds are gonna affect the formation of cell membrane, when I was in step 1 there were a lot of question about "is it affect cell membrane or cell wall?". and a lot of people get confuse with that question, so as I found in the oncology meds (eg. all these meds interfere with S phase), you can add at the final of the page the same comment for antifungals page 199 affecting the cell membrane, because in page 200 echinocandins affect cell wall and griseofulvin affect microtubule formation | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think this concept is fairly well covered on the bottom of page 198 -christian | Agree with christian. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Carlos andres | Munoz tello | carlore53@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 217 | 199 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Antifungal therapy | Came up with it | TerbinaFEET for Terbinafine | Mnemonic | Verified | Could be a nice little memory aid, added to annotate -christian | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 218 | 199 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Azoles | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacology-of-azoles, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20210724/ (also listed in FA p. 251 under "Drug reactions-cardiovascular") | Minor suggestion: add "QT prolongation" to the list of adverse effects of azoles. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Good source, medium yield given lesser emphasis on pharm these days, will add to annotate for review -christian | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 219 | 200 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Chloroquine | American Academy of Ophthalmology Statement | The retinopathy associated with chloroquine use is both dose and duration dependent. This is important because the short use in malaria rarely results in retinopathy, whereas the chronic, long term use for RA would be more of concern. Most cases of chloroquine retinopathy develop when a higher than recommended dose is used for malarial treatment and prophylaxis. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Added as note on Annotate -Christian | This is correct and HY to include (time-frame of use will be used in the question stem, so the SLE patient is more likely to develop retinopathy vs the malaria patient). Can just add "dose dependent" or something similar in parentheses. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antimalarial-drugs-in-the-treatment-of-rheumatic-disease - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | William | Bloom | william.bloom3993@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 220 | 203 | Microbiology | Pharmacology | Antiviral therapy | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1533218-overview | in the section of NNRTIs there is no mnemonic for them... and sometimes you get confuse because of the long list... So when I was studying I was thinking you can add a mnemonic "VIR" in the middle for them is delaVIRdine, efaVIRenz, NeVIRapine. with the exception of enFU-vir-tide that already is below with its mnemonic, a person who studies is not gonna get confuse and will get a correct question with differentiating them | Mnemonic | Verified | Might be a helpful thing to highlight in the text -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Carlos Andres | Munoz Tello | carlore53@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 221 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Antiviral therapy | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/crixivan-idv-indinavir-342620#4 | Protease inhibitor Indinavir may cause nephrolithiasis. Adequate hydration helps to prevent nephrolithiasis | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Already mentioned in comment on page 200 - christian | | | | Tanya | Bridges | Drbridges@mail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 222 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | not needed | NNRTIs bind to reverse transcriptase at site "diVERent" from NRTIs. NNRTIs: DelaVIRdine, EfaVIRenz, NeVIRapine all contain "VIR" in their names | Mnemonic | Verified | Similar concept included above -christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Richard | Pellegrini | rpellegr@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 223 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761192/ | The statement that "Maraviroc inhibits docking" is not necessarily true. HIV still binds to T cells via the CD4 receptor; however, Maraviroc blocks the chemokine coreceptor necessary for viral entry. | Clarification to current text | Verified | This appears to be true but would require expert review - christian | Let's add to text for discussion to see whether we should clarify our text. This may just be a semantics issue on what degree of binding/entry is considered "docking." Not errata. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 224 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | Not needed | all of the NNRTI drugs have "vir" in the middle of the word instead of at the end (it's a bit of a tough mnemonic but it worked wonders for me) | Mnemonic | Verified | Rejecting given USMLE Step 1 now focusing less on pharm -christian | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 225 | 204 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Hepatitis C therapy | Personal mneumonic | I LOVe NS5A (LedipAsvir, OmbitAsvir, VelpatAsvir) inhibitors which makes NS5B inhibitors SaD (SofosBuvir, DasaBuvir). | Mnemonic | Verified | Too complex for a mnemonic -christian | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Shubhankar | Anand | sanand4@student.touro.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 226 | 204 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Hepatitis C therapy | Not needed | (Make these "mnemonics" more obvious on the page): NS5A inhibitors end in -Asvir (A-A), NS5B inhibitors end in -Buvir (B-B), NS3/4A (PRotease) inhibitors end in -PRevir | Mnemonic | Verified | As it stands, there are no mnemonics per se. HCV and HIV drugs are incredibly quickly changing and not often tested in my experience. Think if we make a change it needs to be a more involved overhaul of the HCV drugs as I think is happening with the ARVs -christian | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 227 | 206 | Pathology | Pathology | Cellular adaptations | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/barretts-esophagus-surveillance-and-management#:~:text=In%20Barrett's%20esophagus%2C%20metaplastic%20columnar,and%20predisposes%20to%20cancer%20development. | Barret esophagus is the replacement of normal esophageal stratified squamous cells by gastric columnar epithelium. the text states the opposite. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. I don't think we are saying it oppositely. We are saying Barrett esophagus, being an example of metaplasia, can become dysplastic and may transform into esophageal adenocarcinoma with persistent insult. Our text was quite clear in conveying this message. - Vivek | Agree with Vivek. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | MayChing | Ngo | maychingn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 228 | 206 | Pathology | Pathology | Cellular adaptations | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/barretts-esophagus-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | Under "Metaplasia", referencing Barrett esophagus, the order of the tissue change is reversed. FA 2021 reads: " respiratory ciliated columnar epithelium replaced by stratified squamous epithelium).". This should instead read: "respiratory stratified squamous epithelium replaced by non-cilliated columnar epithelium" | Major erratum | Verified | That specific part of the text refers to tobacco smoking, not Barrett esophagus. The text is correct as is. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Viktoriya | Kozlova | vkozlova2013@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 229 | 208 | Pathology | Pathology | Apoptosis | No need | Spelling error in the word survival | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Javier | Santiago | javierosantiago@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 230 | 208 | Pathology | Cellular | Apoptosis | apoptotic bodies: are removed by macrophages | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject. We already showed macrophage eating up apoptotic bodies in the diagram. - Vivek | Agree with Vivek. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Penelope | Rosario | peneloperosario2@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 231 | 213 | Pathology | Inflammation | Acute inflammation | not needed | Calor and rubor mediators = Hot peppery bREaD (Histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinin)Tumor mediators = Lump -> leukotrienes Swelling -> serotonin | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I really find this mnemonic uncomfortable to remember, difficult to implement. - Vivek | Agree with Vivek. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Yara | Shhab | yarashhab@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 232 | 213 | Pathology | Cellular | Amyloidosis | Mnemonic | To remember which amyloid (AL or AA) is associated with autoimmune diseases like IBD, RA, and other chronic inflammatory conditions, highlight the letter "A"s to recall that AA is the Autoimmune Amyloid. Clarifying image attached. | Mnemonic | Verified | Secondary amyloidosis with amyloid-A is no necessarily due to autoimmune diseases. This mnemonic is not effective enough in this particular case. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Matthew J. | Christensen | mattchristensen607@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 233 | 214 | Pathology | Pathology | Acute inflammation | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014299903017321 | Brady has been in pain for E2rnity - Bradykinin and prostaglandin E2 are the key mediators of pain | Mnemonic | Verified | We may try to work around this mnemonic. Migrated over to Annotate. - Vivek | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 234 | 214 | Pathology | Pathology | Acute inflammation | Not required | For the mediators of Tumor (swelling): Harvard (Histamine) Law (Leukotrienes) School (Serotonin) makes Pompous (Swell) lawyers For the mediators of Dolor (pain): BPH which originally stands for Benign (Bradykinin), Prostatic (PGE2) Hyperplasia (Histamine) causes painful urination I commend your team for an excellent job in providing updated yearly versions of the first aid for USMLE step 1. | Mnemonic | Duplicate | Duplicate suggestion, see below. Reject. -ALL | | | | Anuoluwa | Fasanmi | anufasanmi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 235 | 214 | Pathology | Pathology | Acute inflammation | Not required | For the mediators acute inflammation; Tumor (swelling): Harvard (Histamine) Law (Leukotrienes) School (Serotonin) makes Pompous (Swell) lawyers. Dolor (pain): BPH which originally stands for Benign (Bradykinin), Prostatic (PGE2) Hyperplasia (Histamine) causes painful urination. I commend your team for an excellent job in providing updated yearly versions of the first aid for USMLE step 1. | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think these mnemonics are very helpful. I vote reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, will also lead to DEI issues down the line. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Anuoluwa | Fasanmi | anufasanmi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 236 | 214 | Pathology | Pathology | Acute phase reactants | Nichols DC, Flannery AH, Magnuson BL, Cook AM. Prealbumin Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020;35(3):572-577. doi:10.1002/ncp.10414, 10.1002/ncp.10414 | Prealbumin (Transthyretin) as a negative acute phase reactant. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. There was not enough justification to its yieldedness for step 1. The reference that was cited suggests prealbumin can be associated with in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients. I feel that is not high yield at the step 1 level. - Vivek | Probably not very high-yield, but it is mentioned in one of the newer UWorld questions QID 14921. I have migrated to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Tarek | Harb | tarek.harb.7@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 237 | 214 | Pathology | Inflammation | Acute phase reactants | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539794 | One acute phase reactant: Procalcitonin (increased in bacterial infections, but NOT in viral infections) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. I think we already specified that procalcitonin rises in bacterial infections. I don't think we have to specify that it is not increased in viral infections. - Vivek | I just looked this up. This is specifically tested in UWorld. Additionally, UpToDate has an entire article about this concept. Let's discuss it on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 238 | 214 | Pathology | Inflammation | Inflammation | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21804201/ | To help students to remember that PGE2 functions as a mediator of pain and fever. P will be for Pain and the E in the PGE2 would be for fEver. You can bold the letter or just specified the mnemonic. | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a bad mnemonic. Migrated over to annotate for further discussion. - Vivek | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Andrea | Barrera | andreabarrerag29@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 239 | 218 | Pathology | Inflammation | Granulomatous inflammation | https://www.cgdconnections.com/about-chronic-granulomatous-disease | Chronic Granulomatous Disease is an INFECTIOUS etiology of granulomas. It is listed under NONINFECTIOUS. The granulomas form to "wall off" catalase + organisms. | Major erratum | Verified | I think the user has a good point. Will migrate. -ALL | Agreed, we'll discuss it on Annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | John | Solomon | johnsolomon@mail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 240 | 219 | Pathology | Inflammation | Scar formation | https://journals.lww.com/aswcjournal/fulltext/2018/01000/insights_into_the_pathophysiology_of_hypertrophic.2.aspx | The text says "Associated with excess TGF-b". The text isn't clear about if this 'excess" is associated with normal skin scarring or with hypertrophic scar/keloid. Normal skin scarring is associated with TGF-b expression, However, it is the Over-expression of TGF-b that is associated with Hypertrophic scar and Keloid. I suggest editing the text from "Associated with excess TGF-b" to "TGF-b over-expression is associated with aberrant scarring; hypertrophic scar and keloid. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree witht this and migrated to annotate for further discussion. - Vivek | Agreed, we'll discuss it on Annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 241 | 222 | Microbiology | Cellular | β-lactamase inhibitors | First Aid | This is a test | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | | | | Jeff | Downing | jeff.downing@scholarrx.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 242 | 223 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Immune checkpoint interactions | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16081596/ | CTLA4 also known as CD 152 | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. I don't think this is a clarification and not a high yield addition. There was no enough justification as to why should we consider this? - Vivek | Agree with Vivek, this seems like a LY clarification. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gulbakyt | Sarbassova | Sarbassovagulbakhyt@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 243 | 224 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Common metastases | This fact is already listed in FA2021, I just came up with a way to remember it https://www.verywellhealth.com/sarcoma-vs-carcinoma-4694486 | CLaSH: Carcinomas spread via lymphatics while sarcomas spread hematogenously | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is a very nice and easy mnemonic to remember. Migrated over to annotate for further consideration. - Vivek | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Megan | Moore | meganmoore2@oakland.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 244 | 224 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Common metastases | does not apply | Common metastases: Most sarcomas spread hematogenously; most carcinomas spread via lymphatics. However, Four Carcinomas Route Hematogenously: Follicular thyroid carcinoma, Choriocarcinoma, Renal cell carcinoma, and Hepatocellular carcinoma. I understand that an easier mnemonic would be: Ryan Helps Foster Children R= Renal cell carcinoma H= Hepatocellular carcinoma. F= Follicular thyroid carcinoma, C= Choriocarcinoma | Mnemonic | Verified | I agree our mnemonic is not a great one. Let me migrate this mnemonic suggestion over to annotate to explore possibilities. - Vivek | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Gabriela Del Cramen | Suero Taveras | gabi07suero@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 245 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Oncogenes | Not needed | Please highlight "RB" to match current mnemonic(Retinoblastoma , bone cancer). | Clarification to current text | Verified | It was not migrated, so did that over to Annotate. - Vivek | Agree. Formatting glitch. Not an erratum. Please add mnemonic treatment to "RB" in column 1 of the Tumor suppressor genes table. - HB | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 246 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Oncogenes | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00468/full | In the oncogenes table, row for c-KIT, the gene product is currently written: "CytoKIne receptor". I propose to add its other name: "(CD117)" next to "cytokine receptor". The Step exam refers to the this receptor as CD117. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree with this user, I think we could add this. I'll migrate it to annoate. -ALL | | | | Michelle | Zhu | zhu.michelle@ymail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 247 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Oncogenes | n/a, this is a mnemonic | ALK: ALK is A Lung Killer (mutations cause lung adenocarcinomas). KRAS causes Kolorectal, Respiratory (lung) and Sugar (pancreas) mets. | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not sure why the mnemonic from the 2020 version was deleted ("Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Kinase"), but I liked more than this one because it included the "kinase" element. Considering the second one, I am not sure about the "sugar" part, as it might be misleading. I will wait for more input before migrating. -ALL | We removed it last year because the ALK acronym means something else (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase). The answer choices in questions usually have the abbreviations spelled out, so this mnemonic could be misleading. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Narciso Rafael | Torres | raffy1203@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 248 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | FA 2021 | Oncogenes induced pancreatic cancer: KRAS Tumor suppressor genes induced pancreatic cancer: BRCA1/2, SMAD4 (DPC4), CDKN2A | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The user is correct, I think we should add this. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108878/. -ALL | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 249 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | None needed | For DCC, there is a typo, colorectal cancer is missing the L. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Already agreed by editors. - Vivek | Accept as clarification (not an erratum). Typo. It should "Colorectal Cancer". Maintain the mnemonic treatment for both C's. - HB | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Ahmed | Noor | anoor2019@health.fau.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 250 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | Not needed | In the table beside DCC it says "Deleted in Colorecta Cancer" - should be colorectal | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Gregory | Lombana | lombanagregory@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 251 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pten-hamartoma-tumor-syndrome/ | PTEN: Add Thyroid disease for T | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is particularly HY. I vote reject. -ALL | Agreed, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 252 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | not needed | (associated with POLYP= five letters for APC gene on chromosome 5) | Mnemonic | Verified | IMO, this is not that useful and would definitely add a row to the table. I vote reject. -ALL | Agree. Not very useful. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 253 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1093383-overview | PTEN gene: suggest adding HAMARTOMAS in Cowden syndrome, ten letters for chromosome 10 | Mnemonic | Verified | We're not mentioning chromosomes in these tables, I wouldn't add. Also, I'm not sure how HY this is, I vote reject. -ALL | Agree with ALL - Vivek | Agreed, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 254 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | not needed | brca1/brca2/chromosome 13: highlight the order of numbers 1 2 3, chromosome 17q think the age of turning ADULT (17q) and starting SEXUAL activity (breast, ovary) | Mnemonic | Verified | IMO these mnemonic don't work that well... Besides, we don't mention any chromosomes in these tables. I vote reject. -ALL | Agreed, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 255 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/li-fraumeni-syndrome/ | Li-Fraumeni syndrome is also highly associated with brain cancers (GBM), which is not included in the SBLA list. I had a question on this. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reviewing the supplied reference and UTD does agree that brain cancer is commonly seen in this syndrome. " Li-Fraumeni syndrome is manifested by a tendency to develop various malignancies at an unusual age, including breast cancer, sarcomas, brain tumors, and adrenocortical carcinomas." https://www.uptodate.com/contents/li-fraumeni-syndrome?source=history_widget#H639665000 "The cancers most often associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome include breast cancer, a form of bone cancer called osteosarcoma, and cancers of soft tissues (such as muscle) called soft tissue sarcomas. Other cancers commonly seen in this syndrome include brain tumors, cancers of blood-forming tissues (leukemias), and a cancer called adrenocortical carcinoma that affects the outer layer of the adrenal glands (small hormone-producing glands on top of each kidney)." https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/li-fraumeni-syndrome/ Migrated to annotate for further discussion - Vivek | Agreed, we'll discuss it on Annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Katy | Franks | kfranks50683@med.lecom.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 256 | 225 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor suppressor genes | "Colorecta" --> Colorectal | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Marichelle | Pita | mpita@nyit.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 257 | 227 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Serum tumor markers | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/serum-biomarkers-for-evaluation-of-an-adnexal-mass-for-epithelial-carcinoma-of-the-ovary-fallopian-tube-or-peritoneum#H616782344 | Next to CA 125, it should be written as "Ovarian epithelial cancer", since this biomarker is only used for epithelial ovarian cancers and not germ cell or sex cord stromal ovarian cancers. It may be confusing and misleading as currently written. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree with this user, will migrate to annotate. -ALL | | | | Ahmed | Noor | anoor2019@health.fau.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 258 | 233 | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Dosage calculations | none needed | "Cp" in Loading dose and Maintenance dose equations is not defined. Instead of defining "Cp", "Css" is defined. | Minor erratum | Verified | Addressed in annotate on 12/13/2020. Not errata but will fix. -SI | They're right. I guess we all took for granted that we knew what "Cp" meant. It's never defined, but several times on the same page, "plasma drug concentration" is written out in full. So we should probably define it earlier and then use the abbreviation. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 259 | 233 | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Dosage calculations | FA book | maintenance dose calculation incorrect (change cp -> css) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 260 | 233 | Pharmacology | Abbreviations and Symbols | Dosage calculations | n/a | Css is specified in the legend but Cp is used in the formula. | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Zachary | Brannan | zachary.brannan@osumc.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 261 | 234 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Dosage calculations | Wikipedia | Cp = target [plasma] AT STEADY STATE is referring to dosage, but Cp is also used to talk about simple [plasma] of a drug. I think it should be clear that Cp technically just refers to drug concentration, whether talking about elimination or loading dosage. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | John | Solomon | johnsolomon@mail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 262 | 234 | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics | Elimination of drugs | Its paragraph on the same page | In the zero-order elimination graph, the Elimination rate (=linear) not slope "written same as 1st-oder" | Minor erratum | Verified | Don't think there is an error here but will migrate to annotate for discussion-SI | You are correct that there is no error here, so please do not migrate only to reject the note! - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 263 | 239 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Autonomic receptors | n/a | parasympathetic has a longer prefix 'para' compared to sympathetic - so it has a longer preganglionic nerve | Mnemonic | Verified | Prelim accept. But not publishable errata. -SI | I don't love this but can add for consideration per authors. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 264 | 240 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Atropine | Not needed | Pralidoxime Prevents Paralysis (in organophosphate poisoning) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Don't see where this would go on the page. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Matthew | Walsh | mattvwalsh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 265 | 240 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Micturition control | N/A | To remember that it is contraction of the detrusor muscle (ie, not trigone) that leads to urine voiding: contract the detrusor, release the intruder | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Fact already implied on page. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Chloe | Jensen | chloe.aevm@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 266 | 240 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Micturition control | UW 10962 | The parasympathetic control for the internal sphincter of the bladder is not illustrated. The parasympathetic control (relaxation) is provided by the Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve at the S2-S4 level | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Prelim accept. But not publishable errata. Consider expanding illustration to include branch of pelvic nerve going to internal sphincter. -SI | We can see if illustration team thinks this is a good add. Not errata. - Connie https://doctorlib.info/physiology/medical/177.html https://doctorlib.info/anatomy/textbook-clinical-neuroanatomy/20.html (Fig 20.11) It seems like what's currently labeled as the "pelvic nerve" in the illustration could be elaborated on as the "pelvic splanchnic nerve". For accuracy's sake additional areas of innervation by this nerve could be included. Up for consideration would also be to include the sacral and lumbar splanchnic nerves (sympathetic)? I guess it depends on how much detail is warranted? (SJ) | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Rakesh | Kumar | rksaran2010@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 267 | 241 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | UW question ID1367 | Alpha-2, please add ↓ intestinal motility | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept - SI | Makes sense and there is plenty of room on that line. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 268 | 241 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18586037/ {MLCK and its phosphorylation of RLC are required physiologically for smooth muscle contraction and are essential for normal gastrointestinal motility.} https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/myosin-light-chain-kinase {MLCK plays a central role in the initiation of smooth muscle contraction and many nonmuscle motile processes owing to its Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of myosin RLC.} | Please add the word “contraction” after “smooth muscle” in the parenthesis at the bottom of page 241 to make it complete. This would make it: Myosin light-chain kinase (smooth muscle contraction) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept - SI | I guess that makes sense seeing as we have it fully written out right above it. It's not confusing as is, but for consistency we can add it if there's room. -KD Seems like a simple enough change and keeps consistency/clarification (SJ) | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Amir | Bagheri | contactamirbagheri@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 269 | 241 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | Goodman and Gilman's The pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics - 13edition - P 714 | One of the Major functions of H1 receptors is Endothelium mediated vasodilation (through NO production from endothelial cells). I think this is important to mention, since it explains why hypotension occurs with histamine release(it is because of the increased vascular permeability and vasodilation), also it explains the cutaneous flushing of histamine which is mentioned in page 251. Furthermore, it explains the Rubor and Calor in page 214(pathology chapter) in which histamine is one of it's mediators(and this occurs through vasodilation). I would suggest adding this fact to H1 receptor major functions. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reasonable, migrating over to annotate. - Vivek | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 270 | 243 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Cholinomimetic agents | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Echothiophate | One of indirect anticholinesterases: Echothiophate (used in glaucoma) | Clarification to current text | Verified | LY - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||
| 271 | 244 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Muscarinic antagonists | Not needed | Tiotropium lasts for a long Time, but the actions of Ipratropium are gone in an Instant | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. LY - SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 272 | 245 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | β-blockers | Bundkirchen A, Brixius K, Bölck B, Nguyen Q, Schwinger RH (January 2003). "Beta 1-adrenoceptor selectivity of nebivolol and bisoprolol. A comparison of [3H]CGP 12.177 and [125I]iodocyanopindolol binding studies". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 460 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02875-3. PMID 12535855 | Nebivolol is the most selective B1 antagonist, yet it is not mentioned in the B1 selective antagonists. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I really don't think we specifically need nebivolol in the list of sympathomimetic drugs on 245. -KD | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Boran | Katunaric | bh3.kat@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 273 | 245 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Sympathomimetics | not needed | Epinephrine: Entirely from adrenals, Norepinephrine: sympathetic Nerve terminals | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Does not aid in memory or understanding. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 274 | 245 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Sympathomimetics | not needed | Epinephrine: Entirely from adrenals, Norepinephrine: from sympathetic Nerve terminals | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Does not aid in memory or understanding. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 275 | 246 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Sympathomimetics | FA2021 page 245 | The labels seem not correct. Epinephrine (alpha = beta) should be beta > alpha, also it's properly indicated in peripheral resistance as (b2>a1); Isoproternol should be labeled as b1=b2, also it's properly indicated as "unopposed b2" in peripheral resistance | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrated over to annotate. - Vivek | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 276 | 247 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | α-blockers | Not needed | Prazosin has the additional indication for use in PTSD: Prazosin - PTSD (P-P) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not a useful mnemonic. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 277 | 249 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | FA 2021 P249 | Suggest edit mnemonic in "PDE-5 inhibitors" to become like this [*S*ildenafil only : *S*yanopia(cyanopia) , PDE-6 (*S*ix)]. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Prelim accept. Not errata. -SI | We could consider that, though we'd need new lines to explain the mnemonic. There is room on the page, however. Would prefer author feedback first about whether it's worth it. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 278 | 250 | Pharmacology | Abbreviations and Symbols | Drug reactions—musculoskeletal/skin/connective tissue | https://www.nyscha.org/wp-content/uploads/WE-1.02.ppt | SATAN (S - Sulfa drugs, A - Allopurinol, T - Tetracyclines, A - Anticonvulsants, N - NSAIDS) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not publishable errata. Mnemonic does not aid in memory or understanding. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Rebecca | Treffalls | rlopas@student.uiwtx.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 279 | 252 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | Self made mnemonic | Cimetidine - see my tiddies causes gynecomastia | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not publishable errata. Mnemonic does not aid in memory or understanding. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammed Sakil | Shah | winnshak@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 280 | 252 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mycophenolate-mofetil-cellcept-and-mycophenolate-sodium-myfortic-drug-information?search=mycophenolate&topicRef=7990&source=see_link | Mycophenolate causes hyperglycemia (it's even in First Aid, under the section of Mycophenolate lol) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Accept - SI | We could add it for consistency if we don't have any better examples to fill the space. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nicolas | Curi Gawlinski | nicolascurii@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 281 | 252 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | Not needed | Drugs that cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: get BuCkLeD IN (amphotericin B, Calcium carbonate, Lithium, Demeclocycline – nephrogenic diabetes INsipidus) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 282 | 252 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—gastrointestinal | page 252 & Ex video | AAActivate Motility Quickly and Cause Large volume Secretion | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Does not aid in memory or understanding. Not publishable errata. -SI | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 283 | 252 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—gastrointestinal | N/A | Pill Induced Esophagitis: 'Pills Not Beneficial for Food Tube." Potassium, NSAIDs, Bisphosphonates, Ferrous Sulfate, Tetracyclines | Mnemonic | Verified | Prelim accept. Not publishable errata. -SI | Add for consideration per authors. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Malav | Patel | dr.malavpatel@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 284 | 252 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | NEW FACT | FA book | GI drug reaction (add to table) constipation ; causal agents - opioids, anticholinergic agents, cation-containing agents, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, 5HT3 receptor antagonist | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Thanks for the advice. I have migrated this over to annotate for further weighing. - Vivek | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 285 | 253 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—hematologic | FA 2021 P253 | Please highlight "ABCs" in 6 line to match this mnemonic "Allopurinol, antiBiotics, antiConvulsants, sulfa drugs". | Minor erratum | Verified | Agreed. Migrated over to Annotate. - Vivek | Accept - SI | Agreed. Minor formatting error. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 286 | 253 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—musculoskeletal/skin/connective tissue | FA 2021 P253 | Please remove red color from letter "i" in "inhibitors" because it's not exist in the mnemonic "Fat protects glutes". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agreed . Migrated over to Annotate per submitter and KD. - Vivek | Accept -SI | This is a vestige from when the mnemonic was "Fat PIG." The formatting needs to be changed to suit the new mnemonic, including getting rid of the "i" highlighting (like the suggestion says) and adding it to both "prote"ase and "prote"cts glutes. Both "glu"s should be highlighted too. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 287 | 254 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—multiorgan | FA 2021 254 | Suggest making "cis" in "cisplatin" with red color to match current mnemonic. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept -SI | Agreed, minor formatting error. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 288 | 254 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—neurologic | it is spelled paclitaxtel under peripheral neuropathy | paclitaxel is spelled wrong | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Kaitlyn | Cervi | kaitymiller@me.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 289 | 255 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cyp3a | Add Cyclosporine in the substrates column. Mnemonic: THE OCPs are ANTI-WAR CYCLOnes. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Unsure if HY. Will migrate to Annotate for discussion. -SI | Can consider, not errata - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 290 | 255 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image/print?imageKey=CARD%2F76992&topicKey=CARD%2F1031&source=outline_link | Addition of Cobicistat (very important "booster" ingredient in HIV drugs) to the P450 inhibitor section - you could simply add Cobicistat (Cups) after Ritonavir (Really) in the current mnemonic to become ..."when I Am Really drinking Cups of Grapefruit juice" | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 291 | 255 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | A UWorld question states (question ID 351): "Both metronidazole and oral contraceptives are metabolized by hepatic P450 oxidase, but these two drugs neither induce nor inhibit the activity of P450 oxidase." However, in First Aid metronidazole is listed as a P450 inhibitor. I think First Aid may need to be updated. UpToDate does not list metronidazole as a P450 inhibitor or inducer - see Table 3 of the article by Berul, "Acquired long QT syndrome: Definitions, causes and pathophysiology", last updated November 2020. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-long-qt-syndrome-definitions-causes-and-pathophysiology?sectionName=Medications Another article from 2015 states that metronidazole reduces expression of P450 but not necessarily its activity (Kudo et al. 2015 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25470432/) | Minor erratum | Verified | Good pointer, Migrated to annotate for further discussion. - Vivek | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 292 | 255 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | Cytochrome P-450 interactions: I believe Simeprevir could be added to this list as it is metabolized by P450 (reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756048/) | Minor erratum | Verified | Migared over to annotate to weigh in further. - Vivek | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 293 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Clinical trial | First aid 2021 | Phase 0-its pharmacokinetics (written pharmocokinetics) | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Suleiman | Abou Ramadan | sliman.abouramadane@hotmail.co.il | |||||||||||||||||
| 294 | 261 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059453/#:~:text=may%20become%20small.-,The%20Kaplan%2DMeier%20estimate%20is%20the%20simplest%20way%20of%20computing,associated%20with%20subjects%20or%20situations.&text=For%20each%20time%20interval%2C%20survival,number%20of%20patients%20at%20risk. | kindly add "Kaplan Meier plot/graph" in this section because it is being highly tested in USMLE step 1. Many students have gotten questions on Survival analysis and Kaplan Meier plot in the actual exam. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree with the addition to page 263 because we have space and I think it is very testable. CW | I did the exam in October last year, had 2 questions that showed a kaplan-meier curve, but since now there is a new pool of question, maybe ask input on people that have recently sat for the exam or have done the latest NBMEs - JM | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Dr.M.U.M.S | Anoikis | dr.m.umairmajeed@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 295 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | logic- common sense-==>no reference needed ! But here you go ==> https://myweb.uiowa.edu/pbreheny/4120/s14/notes/4-8.pdf | A= 20; B= 10 C=5 D=20 A/B:C/D=2x4=8. per definition, b and c should be replaced so the above formula could be implemented! Results will not be affected! above formula states (+) disease outcome should be in first column and (-) disease outcome should be in second column. in the first row the formula says that the first row belongs to the first group (first intervention/risk/exposure tested) and for the second row is meant to be for the second intervention/group of exposed/ ..... however It is not the case in the book this fact should be corrected and checked. it has been causing a lot of problems during examinations and misunderstanding during question solving.. | Minor erratum | Verified | no error. CW | I compared the position of the graph on the book vs. the one proposed in the comment, saw no errata. the location for 5 and 10, for B and C, respectively is correct. - JM | Okay with adding examples this year. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | hasan | el jesr | Hassaneljesr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 296 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/ | FIRST aid is supposed to make things easier= simplify for students to be able to memorize and apply the knowledge!. by doing those changes students won't get confused in the exam ! ..........The odds ratio can be confused with relative risk. As stated above, the odds ratio is a ratio of 2 odds. As odds of an event are always positive, the odds ratio is always positive and ranges from zero to very large. The relative risk is a ratio of probabilities of the event occurring in all exposed individuals versus the event occurring in all non-exposed individuals. In a 2-by-2 table with cells a, b, c, and d (see figure), the odds ratio is odds of the event in the exposure group (a/b) divided by the odds of the event in the control or non-exposure group (c/d). Thus the odds ratio is (a/b) / (c/d) which simplifies to ad/bc. This is compared to the relative risk which is (a / (a+b)) / (c / (c+d)). If the disease condition (event) is rare, then the odds ratio and relative risk may be comparable, but the odds ratio will overestimate the risk if the disease is more common. In such cases, the odds ratio should be avoided, and the relative risk will be a more accurate estimation of risk. [3] Commonly, odds ratios will be reported in case-control studies, in which relative risks cannot be calculated. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree we should add a modifier about rare events, relation to case controls already are described in this section, so we could add the modifier in both the Odds Ratio section and the Case-Control section individually, or just keep it in the Case-Control. Ass far as when OR=RR, this should only be the case when there is no difference between exposed and unexposed people, so OR and RR = 1.0. I'm not sure about the rule of prevalence being less than 10%. CW | add the exception of rare disease event under the Case-Control segment, saying something like this: when prevalence is <10%, the OR = RR, so here RR can be calculated as it's more precise. - JM | Can be considered for discussion. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | hassan | el jesr | hassaneljesr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 297 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | First aid for the USMLE step 1 | my issue is that in the example you mentioned that 20/30 lung cancer patients, and 5/25 healthy individuals and the Odds Ratio is 8, however, if we do the Odds Ratio Formula (ad/bc = (20*25)/(30*5) = 3.33 If I made any mistake please tell me. Thank you for the opportunity | Minor erratum | Verified | This suggestion is a miscalculation, text is correct. CW | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abdulrrhman | Al-Shoshan | Abdulrrhman1421@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 298 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | not needed | Odds Ratio (OR), OR has one "R" compared to Relative Risk (RR) which has two "R"s; so if you would look at the denominator for OR, there is one number (either c or d) to divide it by compared if you would look at the denominator of RR, there are 2 numbers (a+b or c+d) to divide by; which can be connected with amount of letter "R" in OR or RR. | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not sure how this would be implemented, also the final OR formula is ad/bc, so this may not be a clear mnemonic anyway. Would not include. CW | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 299 | 264 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Evaluation of diagnostic tests | Not needed | Lowering the cutoff value increases the sensitivity and negative predictive value (This is true for a high value test like DM, HTN). However, for a low value test when the low value defines the disease like a low hemoglobin value in anemia, lowering the cutoff value does the opposite i.e. DECREASES the sensitivity and negative predictive value. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | agree with proposition, although I don't know if it could be add as a "note" just below the NPV graph or making another graph with this example. - JM | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 300 | 269 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Common statistical tests | not needed | Fisher’s exact "test" is written as "text" in the chart in the end of the page | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Raed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 301 | 269 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | FA book pg 269 contradicts the statement just above it | H0 is accepted (and results are NOT significant) - in other words neither test/procedure is superior | Major erratum | Verified | Oh crap, they're right. The second time it should say NOT significant, i.e. when H0 is accepted. -KD | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 302 | 269 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat500/lesson/6a/6a.1#:~:text=When%20we%20fail%20to%20reject,the%20likelihood%20of%20these%20events. | It says, "H0 is accepted". It is not possible to ACCEPT a null hypothesis. You can only "fail to reject the null hypothesis". "Note! Why can’t we say we 'accept the null'? The reason is that we are assuming the null hypothesis is true and trying to see if there is evidence against it. Therefore, the conclusion should be in terms of rejecting the null." (Penn State STAT 500) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 303 | 269 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | Not necessary | "H0 is accepted (and results are significant)" has two issues: (1) H0 cannot be accepted. It can only be rejected or not rejected (which is supported by the information on pg. 268); (2) "significant" should be changed to "insignificant." Thus it should read: "H0 is not rejected (and results are insignificant)". | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Lexi | Lerner | lexi_lerner@brown.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 304 | 269 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | Not needed. I am sure it's a typo error and needs to me amended | H0 is accepted (and results are significant) when: 95% CI for mean difference includes 0 ...etc. Between brackets significant should be replaced with insignificant to make sense as when null hypothesis is accepted that means results are insignificant. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sura | Mubarak | Mubarak.sura@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 305 | 271 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03210562 | It is currently written: "H0 is accepted (and results are significant)" Since H0 is the null hypothesis, if H0 is accepted, the results are not significant. So I propose the following change: "H0 is accepted (and results are [insert "not"] significant)" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Submitted page number is incorrect; this is a duplicate of the major erratum on 269. | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michelle | Zhu | zhu.michelle@ymail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 306 | 289 | Cardiovascular | Embryology | Aortic arch derivatives | First Aid 2021, P.289 | In the paragraph, it says the 3rd aortic arch develops into common carotid artery and proximal part of INTERNAL carotid artery but in the diagram, the proximal part of EXTERNAL carotid artery is shaded not the internal. | Major erratum | Verified | This is correct. Third aortic arch contributes to the formation of the common carotid arteries bilaterally and the proximal internal carotid arteries bilaterally. Note added to Annotate for correction. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553173/ -Christian | Accept for discussion - SI | Per Christian. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Muhamad | Dleer | hammadlair@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 307 | 290 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Auscultation of the heart | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6652362/ | Most right-sided murmurs of the heart increases with deep inspiration, especially that of tricuspid regurgitation. This sign is widely recognized and called the Carvallo' s Sign. * This can be added in the row of "Inspiration" in the table on maneuvers for auscultation of the heart * | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Upon review, this fact is included in table on bottom of page 299. -christian | Reject. Concept implied on page 299. SI | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Kamil | Nazer | kamilnv@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 308 | 291 | Cardiovascular | Embryology | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | https://www.cochrane.org/CD010061/NEONATAL_paracetamol-acetaminophen-patent-ductus-arteriosus-blood-vessel-necessary-fetal-survival-preterm-and | There are better alternatives to help with closure of PDA than indomethacin. NSAIDs such as paracetamol (5-7 d) or ibuprofen (3-d) are used due to risk of indomethacin related NEC and renal impairment. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Cochrane review is convincing. Included it as note on Annotate with expert review tag -christian | Accept for discussion. - SI | Agreed, a helpful clarification but not publishable errata. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Aqsa | Kibria | aqsa_kibria@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 309 | 292 | Cardiovascular | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/conduction-abnormalities-after-myocardial-infarction?search=AV%20node%20blood%20supply&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H4041608353 | AV node supplied by the PDA, not RCA. Can be RCA, LCX, or both, depending on heart dominance | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree with KD -christian | It feels like we've examined this point to death every year. RCA is correct in something like 80%+ of cases, and we decided to simplify it last year, probably for the better. -KD | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nayeon | Kim | kimn1@uthscsa.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 310 | 294 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Cardiac output equations | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27803621/ | On Mean arterial pressure Notes: MAP (at resting) = DBP + 1/3 (SBP - DBP) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I believe both as written in text and as suggested here are equivalent and correct ways of calculating MAP -christian | Agreed with Christian. Book isn't wrong. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Luis | Soto | danielsotoa274@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 311 | 294 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Torsades de pointes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-long-qt-syndrome-definitions-causes-and-pathophysiology?csi=9a850da0-c28c-4907-a2de-9c14f0f9d8a9&source=contentShare | Methadone can prolong the QT through inhibition of the delayed rectifier potassium current, which can lead to torsades de pointes | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is correct per UpToDate "Methadone often increases the QTc interval and is a cause of TdP. Concern regarding the proarrhythmic potential of methadone prompted a clinician safety alert from the FDA in 2006, as well as a manufacturer's black-box warning" - worth including, will add to note in Annotate - christian | Prelim accept -SI | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Agreed. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Barat | Venkataramany | barat.venkataramany@rockets.utoledo.edu | |||||||||||||
| 312 | 296 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure%E2%80%93volume_loop_analysis_in_cardiology | An increase in in Contractility increases LVP. | Mnemonic | Verified | Don't see how this is a mnemonic -christian | Per Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammed | Alezzi | moh.izzi93@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 313 | 296 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | mnemonic | order of valves on loop and cardiac cycle graphs: "MAAM likes coco" → Mitral (c), Aortic (o), Aortic (c), Mitral (o) | Mnemonic | Verified | There is a preexisting discussion about the same mnemonic on annotate and the consensus was to reject it. -FAR | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 314 | 297 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and valvular disease | web. page 296 FA. | dichrotic should be dicrotic I think. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | This is indeed correct (https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.39.5.655) - christian | Accept - SI | Correct. It's spelled correctly on 296 but misspelled on 297. -KD | Agreed. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Zachary | Brannan | zachary.brannan@osumc.edu | |||||||||||||
| 315 | 298 | Cardiovascular | Abbreviations and Symbols | Congenital heart diseases | mnemonic | TLDR- "T" diseases are right to "L"eft shunts, "D" diseases are left to "R"ight | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a bad idea, not sure if it is 100% accurate... what do others think? -christian | Added to annotate on page 306 for discussion as per editor. -FAR | Can discuss on annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jinsung | Kim | jinsung.kim@einsteinmed.org | |||||||||||||
| 316 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | just a mnemonic | For systolic murmurs: a Very Sexy Dude is the real MVP when ssssssaying ASMR. (ventricular septal defect, mitral valve prolapse, Aortic Stenosis, Mitral Regurgitation). I would DIE to have his ARMS. Diastolic - Aortic Regurgitation, Mitral Stenosis | Mnemonic | Verified | Prob too inappropriate for FA -christian | Per Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kristin | Drew | kld1990@ufl.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 317 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(15)36937-3/pdf | Tricuspid regurgitation - Carvallo's sign - Carvallo's sign is a clinical sign found in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. The pansystolic murmur found in this condition becomes louder during inspiration; this sign enables it to be distinguished from mitral regurgitation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I like the clinical application of this....What do others think? It is mentioned in the txt that R sided murmurs increase with inspiration, but not specifically that this property can be used to differentiate from L sided MR - chrisitian | I think that having it on 299 is sufficient. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nayanika | Cherian | nayanika.ann@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 318 | 301 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pacemaker action potential | UW 1973 | Phase 4 (spontaneous depolarization) begins after hyperpolarization triggers the opening of HCN channels that allow slow influx of Na+ ("funny current"). T-type (transient) Ca2+ channels then open once the membrane potential becomes more positive, allowing Ca2+ influx to contribute to depolarization. As the pacemaker cell approaches threshold, L-type (long-lasting) Ca2+ channels begin to open, which further increases Ca2+ influx and significantly decreases the time until threshold is reached. (FA 2021 Does not mention anything about Calcium contributing to Phase 4) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reviewer is correct, migrated to annotate. -FAR | | | | Amalia Doris | Ardeljan | ardeljanamalia@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 319 | 303 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors | UW 1609 | Carotid sinus pressure or massage stimulates the baroreceptors and increases the firing rate from the carotid sinus, leading to an increase in parasympathetic output and withdrawal of sympathetic output to the heart and peripheral vasculature. The result is decreased blood pressure (via peripheral vasodilation) and decreased cardiac output (decreased contractility/stroke volume and heart rate). | Clarification to current text | Verified | We have just implemented something similar in the first pass, however I am migrating to see if any changes/refining need to be made to the implementation. -FAR | | | | Amalia Doris | Ardeljan | ardeljanamalia@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 320 | 303 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | NEW FACT | First aid 2020 had that page (294-295) | Whole page from 2020 First aid is missing. It includes Torsades de Pointes, Brugada syndrom,WPW Syndrom, ECG tracing, AV block. In brugada syndrom, please add ecg tracing showing shark fin pattern in V1-V3 | Major erratum | Verified | This content is on page 315. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hitesh | Vaishnav | hiteshmedico@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 321 | 304 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Normal cardiac pressures | Usmle World, and https://teachmephysiology.com/cardiovascular-system/cardiac-cycle-2/cardiac-cycle/ | Left ventricle and Aorta pressures are 130/10 and 130/90 respectively. It should be 120/10 and 120/80 respectively. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agreed. Migrating as per editor. -FAR | Accept -SI | I think that the difference between 120/80 and 130/90 is trivial since they both represent normal physiologic pressures, but we can migrate to Annotate to debate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Amandeep | Kloti | amankloti@outlook.com | |||||||||||||
| 322 | 306 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | n/a | TETralogy of Fallot = TET spells (highlight tet) | Mnemonic | Verified | not necessary to explicitly state... - christian | Per Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 323 | 306 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection | ‘Snowman’ or ‘cottage loaf’ heart shape on chest X-ray due to total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure how HY this is. Tempted to say it's not worth including - christian | I agree with Christian, this appears to be fairly LY. I vote against. -FAR | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 324 | 307 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863812/ | Patent ductus arteriosus - Associated with congenital rubella | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | covered in micro chapter. would be redundant. CW | This is included on the rubella entry on 182 in micro. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nayanika | Cherian | nayanika.ann@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 325 | 307 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Congenital heart diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-atrial-septal-defects-in-adults?sectionName=EMBRYOLOGY%20AND%20CLASSIFICATION&topicRef=1092&anchor=H256131897&source=see_link#H256131897 | High yield difference in pathophysiology of ASD vs PFO development. "A" in ASD = Aplasia/Absent tissue. "F" in PFO = Failed Fusion/unFused. This concept has been tested in mutiple qbanks and this easy pneumonic helps differentiate the difference. | Mnemonic | Verified | Worth discussing, migrated. -FAR | | | | Matthew | Walsh | mattvwalsh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 326 | 308 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | NEW FACT | First aid 2019 | Other causes of dilated cardiomyopathy include chronic A for Alcohol abuse, B for wet Beriberi, C for Coxsackie B viral myocarditis, C for chronic Cocaine use, C for Chagas disease, D for Doxorubicin toxicity,Fe for hemochromatosis, Toxic for thyrotoxicosis, partum for peripartum cardiomyopathy, sac for sarcoidosis, ABC3 DFe3 toxic partum sac | Mnemonic | Verified | Possibly would work? Will include as note for further review -christian | Reject. Mnemonic does not aid in memory or understanding. -SI | Per Christian. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | lordsfavour | anukam | lordsfavoura@iuhs.edu | |||||||||||||
| 327 | 310 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Aneurysms | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583902/ | Abdominal aortic aneurysm is most often infrarenal as the distribution of the Vasa vasorum in the abdominal aorta is known to be reduced in the infrarenal abdominal aorta as compared with that in the thoracic aorta. | Clarification to current text | Verified | While the reason behind the infrarenal location of AAAs was not tested across 3 Q Banks, it might help students understand and retain this fact. Added to annotate with expert review tag as per editor. -FAR | Good clarification but should discuss/determine if HY in annotate. - SI | Interesting. Not errata, but could be an interesting addition. Can discuss on annotate with experts. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Divya | Patel | impateldivya@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 328 | 314 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | ECG localization of STEMI | https://litfl.com/posterior-myocardial-infarction-ecg-library/ | This is much improved but I think you still need to add an image showing where the posterior leads are. It helps a lot for visualizing the pathology | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree that this is good idea also - christian | Added to annotate. -FAR | Not an errata but a good idea for next year! CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 329 | 314 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | ECG localization of STEMI | https://litfl.com/right-ventricular-infarction-ecg-library/ | You really need a factbox on RV MI. It's used as a gotcha question all the time because of the severe hypotension that can accompany use of nitrates. The only way you get this question right is if you can identify the RV MI on ECG | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Agree, i will transfer this as a reminder - christian | Accept - SI | Not an errata but a good idea for next year! CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 330 | 315 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Hereditary channelopathies | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.668392 | mentions loss of function mutations of Na+ channels (can also be loss of function of L-type calcium channels). ST-segment elevations in V1-V2 is also known as 'saddle sign' (easier to remember) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Good point, should include -christian | Good clarification but should discuss/determine if HY in annotate. - SI | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 331 | 315 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Hereditary channelopathies | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11022966/ | Long QT Syndrome is a loss of function mutation on the KCNQ1 gene; located on chromosome 11p → defective slow delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Perhaps could include gene name - thoughts? Will include as note for debate... -christian | Good clarification but should discuss/determine if HY in annotate. - SI | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 332 | 315 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Hereditary channelopathies | UWorld QI: 91 | In Brugada, the ST segment elevations is in leads V1-V3. | Minor erratum | Verified | "The utility of lead V3 and the necessity of having more than one lead positive in the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome have been called into question by a study of 186 patients with spontaneous or drug-induced type 1 Brugada ECGs [52]. Among 376 ECGs, lead V3 provided no additional diagnostic information in any patient, and patients with ECGs with only one lead with a diagnostic pattern had similar outcomes to patients with 2 or 3 diagnostic leads. Therefore, current criteria have been revised to include only leads V1 and V2 in diagnosis." This is per uptodate. So I am not migrating. -FAR | | | | Hsinyu | Yin | hsinyu94@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 333 | 315 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-anatomy-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=wolff%20parkinson&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | The abnormal fast accesory conduction pathway is fast as Clark Kent | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a fan of this. Vote to reject. -FAR | | | | Oscar | Gomez | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 334 | 316 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | ECG tracings | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-catheter-ablation-of-cardiac-arrhythmias?topicRef=1012&source=related_link | Atrial fibrillation treatment = catheter ablation in the region of pulmonary vein ostia (vs. atrial flutter) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure how valuable this knowledge is for step 1 - christian | True, but not in the scope for step 1. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 335 | 316 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | ECG tracings | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540985/#:~:text=Typical%20or%20cavotricuspid%20isthmus%20(CTI,of%20the%20tricuspid%20valve%20annulus. | The most common location of atrial flutter: right atrium at the level of the tricuspid valve annulus | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Upon review, the specific site for catheter ablation in Aflut is mentioned in FA which should cover this concept. Perhaps we should consider adding the concept mentioned above regarding Afib for consistency. I consider this to be covered with entry 26. -FAR | Accept - SI | Not errata, but I think that putting a line in about Afib coming from pulmonary veins and Aflut from RA/IVC/tricuspid is an interesting addition and commonly tested. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 336 | 316 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | ECG tracings | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24015911/ | Common sites of ventricular arrhythmia: outflow tract (OT) regions of the right and left ventricles | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | True, but not in the scope for step 1. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||
| 337 | 316 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | ECG tracings | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC101077/#:~:text=Focal%20Ablation%20for%20Atrial%20Fibrillation&text=These%20sites%20were%20most%20commonly,and%20right%20upper%20pulmonary%20veins. | The most common location of atrial fibrillation: pulmonary veins, especially the left upper and right upper pulmonary veins | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I Agree with the Editor. Added to annotate. -FAR | Accept - SI | Not errata, but I think that putting a line in about Afib coming from pulmonary veins and Aflut from RA/IVC/tricuspid is an interesting addition and commonly tested. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 338 | 319 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Heart failure | Diastolic dysfunction—preserved EF, normal EDV: if ventricles are stiff and the problem is that the heart can't fill, shouldn't EDV be decreased | Minor erratum | Verified | Migrated for discussion. -FAR | | | | Anderson | Krueger | akrueger@augusta.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 339 | 320 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/syncope-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-etiologies?search=syncope&source=search_result&selectedTitle=5~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=5 | I noticed First Aid didn't have any information on syncope, although I have gotten a few UWorld/NBME questions on it. I think it could be helpful to have a table of the causes of syncope (vasovagal, situational, orthostatic, cardiac) and possibly distinguish syncope from shock and seizure. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This sounds promising, migrated. -FAR | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 340 | 321 | Cardiovascular | Systems | Bacterial endocarditis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/invasive-pneumococcal-streptococcus-pneumoniae-infections-and-bacteremia?search=osler%20triad&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Osler's clinical triad of pneumococcal endocarditis | Mnemonic | Verified | Per the source supplied: "In 1881, Osler described the clinical triad of pneumococcal endocarditis, meningitis, and pneumonia. This triad, also called Austrian's syndrome, was thought to be more prevalent in alcoholic patients [56]. In the antibiotic era, 1 to 25 percent of patients with pneumococcal endocarditis have been reported to have the triad [57,58]. However, S. pneumoniae has been responsible for less than 3 percent of all cases of native valve endocarditis since the discovery of penicillin in the early 1940s." Not migrating as I don't think this is relevant to step 1. -FAR | | | | Drashtant | Prajapati | drashtant21@icloud.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 341 | 323 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Acute pericarditis | Firstaid usmle step 1, 2021 and Firstaid usmle step 2 10th edition | SCAR IN Pericardium (check the attached picture) | Mnemonic | Verified | I quite like this, migrated. -FAR | | | | Abdelrahman | Adel Hamdy | abdofalconx@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 342 | 323 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—potassium channel blockers (class III) | https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_amiodarone_nexterone/drugs-condition.htm | Amiodarone side-effects | Mnemonic | Verified | Per Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | FADIL | MOHAMMAD | FADIL-11@HOTMAIL.COM | |||||||||||||||
| 343 | 323 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157096-overview#a3 | Constrictive pericarditis - A rigid pericardium prevents ventricular expansion and restricts diastolic filling, causing low cardiac output and progressive right heart failure; causes idiopathic, viral pericarditis, cardiac surgery or radiation therapy, Tb. Signs - increased JVP, pericardial knock, pulsus paradoxus, kussmaul sign. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We have an acute pericarditis entry - though there is no constructive pericarditis entry as far as I can see... may be worth including... -christian | Accept - SI | Do we not have one already? Or did we before and it got removed or consolidated? Anyway, this can be looked at for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 344 | 325 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Autonomic receptors | The correct information can be found at the bottom of page 241 in the pharmacology section. Additionally here is a link to uptodate explaining signal transduction where it also shows ATP ->cAMP. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peptide-hormone-signal-transduction-and-regulation | The picture of the vascular smooth muscle cell, on the relaxation side shows adenylate cyclase and PDE-3 converting AMP to cAMP and back to AMP. This should be ATP to cAMP and back to ATP. | Minor erratum | Verified | Appears to the a correct statement to me, will include for expert review and possible revision by illustration team - christian | Accept - SI | Agreed. This was brought up on annotate last year actually and is on our list of illustrations to address in 2022. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tim | Rosencrans | timothy-rosencrans@ouhsc.edu | |||||||||||||
| 345 | 326 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-and-safety-of-calcium-channel-blockers?search=Calcium%20channel%20blockers§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H2&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=2~144&display_rank=1#H2 | (bold A)Amlodipine acts on (bold A)Arteries. (bold V)Verapamil acts on (bold V)Ventricles. | Mnemonic | Verified | Added to annotate for further discussion. -FAR | Accept - SI | Interesting, can be considered on Annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nicholas | Clausen | nicholasclausen@rcsi.com | |||||||||||||
| 346 | 326 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Hydralazine | Not needed | Side effects of hydralazine: HALT on Fluids - Headache, Angina, Lupus, Tachycardia, Fluid retention. | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this one - christian | Accept -SI | Per Christian. Can discuss more on Annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hsinyu | Yin | hsinyu94@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 347 | 328 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Lipid-lowering agents | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bile-acid-sequestrant | In the mechanism of action part of the bile acid resins, it is written "Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must use cholesterol to make more". So this sentence is missing after the word "more" and the correction to this statement can be "Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids; liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids --> less LDL cholesterol in plasma | Clarification to current text | Verified | A reasonable clarification though I do think this is implied in the current text - christian | Accept - SI | Not errata, but can be migrated to Annotate for further discussion. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sura | Mubarak | Mubarak.sura@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 348 | 329 | Cardiovascular | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—cardiovascular | Not needed | You better visit a hospital directly: Yellow Blurry Vision and Halos are the signs of digoxin poisoning. | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not a fan of this because xanthopsia is fairly pathognomonic for digoxin toxicity and this overly complicates it. -FAR | Reject. Mnemonic does not aid in memory or understanding. Not errata. - SI | | | | Bijay | Jeswani | JeswaniBijay@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 349 | 329 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Lipid-lowering agents | Not needed, see page 328 | Graphic shows PCSK9 potentiating LDL-R. PCSK9 degrades LDL receptors, so it should be a (-) sign. | Minor erratum | Verified | This is correct. PCSK9 degrades LDL-R. PCSK9-inhibitors prevent the degradation of LDL-R, thus promoting LDL uptake. Already added as note on Annotate. -christian | Accept - SI | Per Christian. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | David | Wilson | dawilson05@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 350 | 330 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—sodium channel blockers (class I) | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172024-overview | C(Q)uPiD has I Arrow (Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide are IA class) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is a good mnemonic especially as the main memory hook is being altered. -FAR | | | | Elena | Piatenko | elenpyat@ya.ru | ||||||||||||||||
| 351 | 331 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—potassium channel blockers (class III) | UW 899 | Amiodarone is associated with less incidence of torsades de pointes compared to the other drugs known to have the same effect (QT prolongation). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure how HY this is -christian | Agreed, not HY. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Andrew | Ardeljan | aarde005@fiu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 352 | 332 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Calcium channel blockers | https://next.amboss.com/us/article/cm0aeg?q=Calcium%20channel%20blockers#Z7fa413de7e8daaa8f53d0a0a8c202994 | Darth Vader a mnemonic for Diltiazem, Verapamil (nondihydropyridines) | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a huge fan of this one - christian | Per Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | ofir | yehudai | ofir41@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 353 | 334 | Endocrine | Physiology | Insulin | Sugegstion | You may bold RBC for Glut 1 for the first capitals of rbc brain and cornea | Mnemonic | Verified | I think we can work on this and explore further. Migrating over to annotate for further discussion. - Vivek | very weak mnemonic. VP | Per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Zafer | Akman | akmanzafer@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 354 | 334 | Endocrine | Embryology | Thyroid development | (Question #53) https://usmle.org/pdfs/step-1/samples_step1_2020.pdf, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Arterial-supply-of-the-thyroid-gland-and-venous-drainage-of-the-thyroid-gland_fig3_326375395 | The issue is the illustration of the inferior thyroid artery coming off of the left subclavian. The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the THYROCERVICAL TRUNK (off the left subclavian), which is important to know. USMLE gave a sample question about this concept, so it is important to understand. | Minor erratum | Verified | Confirmed, this can be an easy fix on the illustration (we can just add a label to delinated between thyrocervical trunk and inferior thyroid artery- AX | totally correct suggestion.VP | Per Angel. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Lucy | Wu | lucywu@knights.ucf.edu | |||||||||||||
| 355 | 334 | Endocrine | Embryology | NEW FACT | See uploaded image (source: Uworld QBank) | Pituitary Embryology- Anterior pituitary is derived from Rathke pouch which is an evagination at the roof of the developing mouth (primitive gut tube) and is in turn derived from surface ectoderm. The posterior pituitary is derived from the infundibulum of diencephalon (neuroectoderm origin). Remnants of the Rathke pouch give rise to craniopharyngioma. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Vardan | Hambardzumyan | hambvart@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 356 | 335 | Endocrine | Anatomy | Adrenal cortex and medulla | https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortex_hormones | Go (Glomerulosa) Find (Fasciculata) Rex (Reticularis) Make (Mineralocorticoids) Good (Glucocorticoids) Sex (Sex cortical hormones) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Mustafa | Farooq | mufarooq@augusta.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 357 | 335 | Endocrine | Anatomy | Endocrine pancreas cell types | mnemonic | Drawing to remember that α cells are on periphery and β cells are central (picture attached) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 358 | 336 | Endocrine | Physiology | Appetite regulation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ghrelin#:~:text=Ghrelin%20is%20a%2028%2Damino,)%20%5B1%2C2%5D.&text=Ghrelin%2C%20which%20is%20produced%20by,such%20as%20starvation%20or%20anorexia. | Ghrelin makes my stomach ghrowl | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Our current mnemonic sounds reasonably easier than this. - Vivek | Current mnemonic is better.VP | Per Vivek. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Christopher | Fiechter | FiechterC@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 359 | 336 | Endocrine | Physiology | Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones | N/A | To remember whether pulsatile or constant GnRH leads to puberty/fertility: "Pelvic pulsations make babies" (IE, pulsatile GnRH --> fertility) | Mnemonic | Verified | No need for this mnemonic VP | Not strong. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Chloe | Jensen | chloe.aevm@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 360 | 337 | Cardiovascular | Anatomy and Physiology | Acromegaly | I made this mnemonic by my self | Acromegaly seen in Adult so Mnemonic is AA so ACROMEGALY ADULT | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a huge fan of this one - christian | Per Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | TANUJ | DIYORA | tanujmedico@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 361 | 337 | Endocrine | Physiology | Antidiuretic hormone | not needed | V2 associated with H2O (both have 2 in them) | Mnemonic | Verified | no need for this mnemonic | Not strong. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 362 | 340 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | First Aid 2020 pg 340 | Hypothyroidism symptoms: SLOW DOWN C♥RE Skin dry/cool Lethargy, HyperLipidemia (low LDLR) O HypOthyroidism Weakness (Increase CK) Depressed mood Oligomenorrhea Weight gain Nail/hair brittle, low Na+ Constipation/old intolerance ♥ Bradycardia R hypoReflexia Exertional Dyspnea | Mnemonic | Verified | No need for this mnemonic..when it comes to hypothyroidism one should know the general concept of EVERYTHING slowing down not a mnemonic for all symptoms it can cause.VP | Can migrate to Annotate for further discussion. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Iqra | Bakhsh | Iqrabakhsh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 363 | 340 | Endocrine | Physiology | Parathyroid hormone | https://www.hyperparathyroidmd.com/calcitonin-and-the-parathyroid-hormone/ | paraTHIGH (roid) keeps it HIGH. calciTO(nin) keeps it LOW. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Mustafa | Farooq | mufarooq@augusta.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 364 | 341 | Endocrine | Physiology | Calcitonin | not required | To remember that calcitonin keeps the calcium in the bones = Calci-bone-in | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Nayanika | Cherian | nayanika.ann@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 365 | 342 | Endocrine | Physiology | Insulin | UW 18959 | SGLT1- transporter found ONLY in the small intenstine/GI tract. SGLT2- transporter found ONLY in the kidney. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Amalia | Ardeljan | ardeljanamalia@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 366 | 342 | Endocrine | Physiology | Insulin | Page 381 of first aid 2021 | insulin response with oral vs IV glucose due to incretins (eg, glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1], glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]), which are released after meals and β cell sensitivity to glucose. Release by α2, by β2 stimulation (2 = regulates insulin).GLP1 and GIP are mentioned as separate hormones.Don’t they represent the same thing? | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. GIP and GLP-1- both are the known incretin hormones. But they are separate hormones. I think we are right in our text. - Vivek | GLP is not the same as GIP.VP | Per Vivek. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sravan | Reddy | esravankumarreddy@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 367 | 344 | Endocrine | Physiology | Appetite regulation | https://firstaidteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2021_FAS1_Foreword-2.pdf | Lack of person-first language: "obese people" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 368 | 345 | Endocrine | Physiology | Signaling pathways of endocrine hormones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-chorionic-gonadotropin-biochemistry-and-measurement-in-pregnancy-and-disease?search=glycoprotein%20hormone&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H3847428544 | It would make sense to list these 4 glycoprotein hormones (LH, FSH, hCG, TSH) in sequence, as they are all members of the same glycoprotein hormone family, in which all 4 hormones are heterodimers composed of a common α-subunit and non-identical β-subunit, which confers hormone specificity. Due to the high degree of structural similarities, both LH and hCG (in their heterodimeric forms) can bind to and activate the LH receptor (hence the term hCG/LH receptor). Notably, exogenous hCG can be administered as a surrogate for LH to trigger ovulation in assisted reproductive technology. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Rejected. LH FSH and hcg should be at the REPRO physiology section..the fact that they share common shubunit is mentioned in first page. VP | Can migrate to Annotate for further discussion. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Noah | Saunders | noahsaunders13@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 369 | 346 | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | B-type (brain) natriuretic peptide | p.346 - P. 783 of FA2021 | BNP = Brain Natriuretic Peptide its abbreviated in p.346, same as ANP but BNP is not in the abbreviations section (should be in page 755), its only in index section p.783 | Clarification to current text | Staff accepts | | | | Brisseida | Furiate | briss_furiate@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 370 | 347 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypopituitarism | https://firstaidteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2021_FAS1_Foreword-2.pdf | Lack of person-first language: "obese females" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 371 | 347 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypopituitarism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-hypopituitarism?search=sheehan&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~15&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Sheehan: she can´t breastfeed | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Oscar | Gomez | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 372 | 348 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3219173/ | decreased sweating due to "atrophy" of sweat glands | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | As per the link, "The mechanism for decreased sweating is not clear although the hypothyroid glands are atrophic on histologic examination." As per UTD, "sweating is decreased because of decreases in calorigenesis and acinar gland secretion." I don't think step 1 may test such mechanisms which is not yet clear. I would still migrate over to annotate to see if we can bring the best out of it. - Vivek | rejected. mechanism isnot atrophy of sweat glands. VP | per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Bashar | Hassan | bah24@mail.aub.edu | |||||||||||||
| 373 | 348 | Endocrine | Photo Acknowledgments | Photo Acknowledgments | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31143336/ | Photo updated for better acknowledgments | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Can migrate to Annotate for Kim to take a look at. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Andrea | Barrera | andreabarrerag29@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 374 | 349 | Endocrine | Systems | Hyperthyroidism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/subacute-thyroiditis?search=de%20quervain%20thyroiditis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~17&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H6 | In subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, natural history follows self limited transient hyperthyroidism followed by asymptomatic hypothyroidism that leads to full recovery. | Minor erratum | Verified | Correct. added to annotate. VP | Can discuss on annotate. I think what is in question here is the inclusion of the euthyroid state that we currently have in the text. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohit | Gupta | mohit.gupta161998@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 375 | 349 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29405999/ | With jaundice and lethargy being presenting symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism, it could be VERY easy to mistake with many other disorders affecting newborns. While the 6P's mnemonic is useful, it would be more useful to rationalize SOME of these symptoms. Being as T4 promotes synthesis of protein, and catabolism of fats and sugars, these findings can be explained and rationalized better. Low protein MAKING - lethargy, puffiness, jaundice (less enzymes to break up unc. bilirubin). Low fat/sugar DEGRADATION - Poor feeding, protruding tongue, pot belly. While many many students would be memorizing the 6p's, it would lead to easier points if they are told directly on FA 2022 some of these effects. Furthermore, it being on the congenital hypothyroidism part would have them think back and tie it in to GENERALIZED MYXEDEMA in HYPOTHYROID adults. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | totally a fan of CONCEPTS>>>MNEMONICS..yet as far as congenital hypothyroidism is concerned, none will never ask for the mechanism (High yield facts are thyroid hormones mechanism of action and congenital hypothyroidism symptoms. i think it is outside of purposes of this book to get in so much detail which is of no use) -VP | Can discuss on annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jean Carlo | Medina | jeancmedina22@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 376 | 349 | Endocrine | Systems | Hypothyroidism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations-of-igg4-related-disease?search=igg4%20related%20disease&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H43795036 | IgG4 related systemic disease mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Drashtant | Prajapati | drashtant21@icloud.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 377 | 350 | Endocrine | Pathology | NEW FACT | No Need | Add "Euthyroid Sick Syndrome, TSH resistance, Thyroid hormone Resistance, Congenital TBG deficiency" to next addition as these diseases are being tested in the exam . | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Migrating to annotate to get more input during crowdsourcing event. - Vivek | totally on board-added to annotate-VP | Per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Dr.M.U.M.S | Anoikis | dr.m.umairmajeed@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 378 | 351 | Endocrine | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282954/ | Anaplastic carcinoma is not associated with a very good prognosis. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. We have said the same thing. Anaplastic carcinoma has a very poor prognosis. - Vivek | reject-VP | Per Vivek. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jean | Medina | jeancmedina22@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 379 | 354 | Endocrine | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4781902/#:~:text=Patients%20with%20diabetes%20mellitus%20 | Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiology assumptions, clinical aspects and implications for management | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure what is the high-yield addition here! - Vivek | Reject.nothing HY there-VP | Per Vivek. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 380 | 354 | Endocrine | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | Formatting correction. | Hello! Under Chronic Complications, Nonenzymatic Glycation, Small Vessel Disease, the following sentence is as written. Nodular glomerulosclerosisprogressive proteinuria (initially microalbuminuria; ACE inhibitors and ARBs are renoprotective. There isn't a closing parentheses after "renoprotective," which is where I assume it should be. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agreed. Migrated to annotate. - Vivek | Typo. Can migrate to Annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Andrew | Cuevas | andrewcuevasjr@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 381 | 354 | Endocrine | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | No need | "Weight loss" was mentioned as an acute manifestation for diabetes mellitus without mentioning that it occur in type 1 diabetes, because this doesn't happen in case of type 2 diabetes where a small amount of insulin is able to inhibit the hormone sensitive lipase | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Zaid | Al-Kaabneh | zaidkaabneh@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 382 | 354 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Pancreas and spleen embryology | self | "AV2" - Annular Pancreas - Annular, Ventral, 2nd part of duodenum | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary -SE | Agreed unnecessary (pg 370). Reject. -PY | Okay for rejection. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Francis Ikechukwu | Nwaneri | franconeri82@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 383 | 356 | Endocrine | Pathology | Cushing syndrome | No Need | COSHING , C= Cortisol inc, Cholesterol inc, O= Osteoporosis, Obesity(truncal,buffalo hump,moon face), S= Skin changes(Striae, easy brusing), H= Hypertension,Hyperglycemia,Hirsutism, I=Immunosuppression , N=No menses (amenorrhea), G= Growth Retardation, GnRH secretion altered (Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism) | Mnemonic | Verified | Our current mnemonic is quite better. But this mnemonic also tends to include other features. So, I am migrating over to annotate to see if any tweak can optimize the current mnemonic. - Vivek | I think this proposed mnemonic is so much better and useful than the current one-VP | Per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Dr.M.U.M.S | Anoikis | dr.m.umairmajeed@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 384 | 359 | Gastrointestinal | Embryology | NEW FACT | https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/charge-syndrome/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169446/ | It has come to my attention that VACTERL association and CHARGE syndrome are starting to become fair game. | Mnemonic | Verified | Would need to defer, seem more relevant for Step 2 but not positive -SE | I recall studying VACTERL and CHARGE for step 1. Accept. -PY Yes, I also think that this is a worthwhile addition, as it could help students to be aware of certain associations, i.e. to be on the lookout for others if one aspect of VACTERL or CHARGE is noted on examination. - JR | I do agree. This is a fairly commonly tested topic. Agree with migration. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Stylianos | Elemes | lms.pao@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 385 | 360 | Endocrine | Pathology | Multiple endocrine neoplasias | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/classification-and-genetics-of-multiple-endocrine-neoplasia-type-2 | Associated with mutation in the RET proto-oncogene (codes for receptor tyrosine kinase, chromosome 10) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrated to annotate for possible addition in detail.-PS | | | | Andrea | Lorenzi | lorenziand@live.it | ||||||||||||||||
| 386 | 360 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Retroperitoneal structures | First Aid | Retroperitoneal structures are usually VERTICAL (aorta, IVC, 2nd part of duodenum, ureters, ascending and descending colon, esophagus) or PAIRED (adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters). If it is a SINGULAR structure (stomach, liver, spleen) or "TAIL" (tail of pancreas, appendix) it is retroperitoneal | Mnemonic | Verified | Current mnemonic feels appropriate -SE | Current memory aid makes more sense to me. Reject. -PY | Okay for rejection. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Shanee | Navon | s.navon@ymail.com | |||||||||||||
| 387 | 361 | Endocrine | Pathology | Carcinoid tumors | FA 2021 p. 717 | Elevated urinary 5-HIAA is found in carcinoid syndrome. This is listed in the Rapid Review on p. 717 and should be add to the description of carcinoid tumors. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The student is right. We did it mention it in the rapid review but not anywhere in the book. Migrating over to annotate. - Vivek | Totally correct-VP | Per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 388 | 362 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus therapy | n/a drew it | New Diagram | Clarification to current text | Verified | The student has attached an interesting flow diagram that shows the mechanistic view/sites of the antidiabetic drugs. I think we can discuss about possibility and thus migrating to annotate. | Not sure what this means CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 389 | 363 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Abdominal aorta and branches | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vulvovaginal-varicosities-and-pelvic-congestion-syndrome#H258333007 | L gonadal vein should be shown going into the L renal vein, not directly into the aorta. This is clinically relevant due to varicoceles and increased likelihood of L gonadal vein obstruction compared to right. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject -SE | No error with current illustration (pg 373) as it shows ARTERIES not veins. Reject. -PY | There's no illustration of this vein on this page or anywhere in the GI chapter, only in the repro chapter | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Lydia | Hanson | lvvhanson@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 390 | 363 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus therapy | not needed | Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors end in -flozin, and their MOA --> glucose FLOWS IN to the urine, which is a good way to remember they cause glucosuria | Mnemonic | Verified | Migrating over to annotate. - Vivek | Very useful-VP | Per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Michal | Norry | michal.norry@students.jefferson.edu | |||||||||||||
| 391 | 363 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus therapy | Not needed | SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)- Glucose "Floz-in"(flows in) urine. | Mnemonic | Verified | Same mnemonic suggestion but posted later. So considered the earlier suggestion. - Vivek | Per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Deepinder | Singh | aiims.deepinder@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 392 | 363 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus therapy | n/a | Instead of repeating the actions at "Increase glucose-induced insulin secretion", it might be better to edit DPP-4 inhibitors "at the first column" saying they inhibit the DPP-4 that deactivates the GLP-1 and then common actions at the second column "the GLP-1 actions" plus decreases appetite! | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrating over to Annotate for further discussion - Vivek | nice suggestion-VP | Per Vivek. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | |||||||||||||
| 393 | 368 | Gastrointestinal | Embryology | Ventral wall defects | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/975583-overview#a5 | In the etiologies, the etiology of omphalocele is failure of midgut to return after herniation, and gastroschisis is due to weakness in the abdominal wall causing herniation | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. Current explanation in 2021 edition explains this adequately -SE | Current explanation (pg 368) is good. Reject. -PY Per UTD (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/prenatal-diagnosis-of-omphalocele?search=omphalocele&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~43&usage_type=default&display_rank=1), regarding omphalocele: "The pathogenesis of omphalocele has not been definitively established, but two mechanisms have been proposed. In one, the extraembryonic gut fails to undergo the obligatory 270 degree counterclockwise rotation back into the abdomen, resulting in a simple, small, midline omphalocele. In the other, failure of the left and right lateral folds to close normally creates a large abdominal wall defect through which contents of abdominal cavity (including the liver) can herniate. In addition, the rectus abdominis muscles insert laterally into the costal margins instead of meeting in the midline at the xiphoid." Per UTD (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/gastroschisis?search=gastrochisis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~75&usage_type=default&display_rank=1), regarding gastroschisis: "Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of gastroschisis; all involve defective formation or disruption of the body wall in the embryonic period, with subsequent herniation of bowel: ●Failure of mesoderm to form in the body wall ●Rupture of the amnion around the umbilical ring ●Abnormal involution of the right umbilical vein leading to weakening of the body wall ●Disruption of the right vitelline artery with subsequent body wall damage". Given this, I feel that what we currently have written is not inaccurate, but we could at least mention that omphalocele can involve either failure of proper rotation or failure of normal lateral fold closing, and that gastroschisis typically arises from weakened abdominal wall for one reason or another. - JR | Defer to 2022. -HB Okay for discussion. -AC Migrated. -PY | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Asim | Khanfar | asimkhanfar@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 394 | 369 | Gastrointestinal | Embryology | Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/infantile-hypertrophic-pyloric-stenosis?search=hypertrophic%20pyloric%20stenosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: first born Males, Macrolides, Metabolic alkalosis, olive Mass | Mnemonic | Verified | I am in support of this, as I do not think it would add a whole lot of clutter and could be a good memory trick for some. - JR | I am in support as well. LC | Can migrate for discussion.-AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oscar | Gomez | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 395 | 369 | Gastrointestinal | Embryology | Tracheoesophageal anomalies | https://www.childrensmn.org/services/care-specialties-departments/fetal-medicine/conditions-and-services/esophageal-atresia/ | The orientation of the depicted tracheoesophageal fistulas relative to the body should be made clear (i.e. Are all of these drawings from a posterior perspective?) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Don't think this is relevant, anatomy is depicted correctly and should not cause confusion. -SE | Current illustrations are accurate (pg 369). Reject. -PY | Per authors. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Lexi | Lerner | lexi_lerner@brown.edu | |||||||||||||
| 396 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | Physiology | NEW FACT | I am the author of the nmemonic | Fact name: Somatostatin "SomaDostatin Decelerates cell" change the "t" of somatostatin to the letter D, which represent the D cell; Source: D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa) | Mnemonic | Verified | Confusing -SE | Current "somato-stasis" memory aid (pg 381) is sufficient. Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Joaquín Ernesto | Carrillo Martínez | jcarrillo@umhs-sk.net | |||||||||||||
| 397 | 372 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Digestive tract histology | Upper 1/3, striated muscle; middle and lower 2/3: Linguistic suggestion, it would make more sense if it's phrased: Upper 1/3 and lower 2/3 or Upper third and middle and lower thirds. | Minor erratum | Verified | Sure, I'm in favor of this; I think I prefer upper 1/3 and lower 2/3, unless we want to specifically highlight that the middle third is the "transition" point, which we say has some "overlap". - JR | I also prefer upper 1/3 and lower 2/3. LC. | | | | Muhammad | Okasha | dr.bonny@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 398 | 374 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Gastrointestinal blood supply and innervation | https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/embryology/embryo/10digestivesystem.htm | Structures of the midgut that supplied by SMA are the structures mentioned in the book (Distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon) plus appendix. Appendix originates from midgut and supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject -SE | Current table is fine (pg 374). Reject. -PY | Reject. The route from the duodenum to the distal transverse colon includes the appendix. No need to specify all the structures in between the two points. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 399 | 374 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/traumatic-gastrointestinal-injury-in-the-adult-patient?search=blood%20supply%20to%20colon&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | During my anatomy review for step 1, I found it important to know the blood supply of the colon which is not actually outlined in first aid step 1 yet. When drawing out the blood supply of the colon, I found the following mnemonic quite helpful: MRI Left Side Second... So the blood supply to the colon is as follows in order of the way it presents when drawing the anatomy: Middle Right Ileocecal ... Watershed (indicating the following arteries come from the IMA now instead of the SMA) ... Left colic, Sigmiod, Superior rectal.... So I came up with the mnemonic, MRI With Left Side Second. Middle colic, Right colic, Ileocecal, Watershed, Left colic, Sigmoid, Superior rectal. Hope this helps others out there struggling with this anatomy! | Mnemonic | Verified | Already an image which lays this out well in the errata. I would agree with inclusion, this information is HY and great for understanding. I think an illustration would be more effective than an mnemonic -SE | Illustration would be easier to visualize and remember. Accept as illustration. -PY I agree that seeing this in illustration form can help in drilling down the blood supply. - JR | We are tight on space but can work up an illustration. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Marissa | Contento | mcontent2@student.nymc.edu | |||||||||||||
| 400 | 379 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Gastric cancer | Came up with it | Symptoms: Gastric CA generally has non-specific signs & symptoms, so most of the patients present at late stage, remember the acronym “WEAPON”: ➢ Wight loss (the most common presentation). ➢ Early satiety/ Emesis. ➢ Anorexia. ➢ Pain (epigastric discomfort) → Most common early symptom. ➢ Obstruction→ seen in distal lesions, while in proximal ones, dysphagia could be seen. ➢ Nausea. | Mnemonic | Verified | Don't think this is too helpful, gastric pathology = gastric symptoms. -SE | I actually recall this WEAPONS from elsewhere. Could change to "Often presents late with WEAPONS (Weight loss, Early satiety, Anorexia, Pain, Obstruction, Nausea), and in some cases acanthuses nigricans or Leser-Trelat sign." (pg 389). Accept. Migrated to Annotate. -PY I agree that this is a reasonable addition, the way that PY phrased it above, as it does not add too much bulk to the text. - JR | Okay with migration as discussed here. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Saif Mohammad | Yahia Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 401 | 384 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | N/A | HemoCHROMAtoSIX for being on chromosome 6 | Mnemonic | Verified | Would reject -SE | I've never been asked HFE gene on chromosome 6. Seems low yield. Reject. -PY | Seems an okay mnemonic, but not a fan. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Akiva | Rosenzveig | arosenzv@student.nymc.edu | |||||||||||||
| 402 | 386 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Volvulus | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/sigmoid-volvulus-versus-caecal-volvulus?lang=us | The upright xray shown on Page 386 is a Cecal Volvulus not a Sigmoid Volvulus, as mentioned in the text. Sigmoid volvulus always points to the patient R, and cecal volvulus always points to the patient L. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject per editor | Current image is accurate (pg 396). Reject. -PY | Reject. As per the image's source (link below), the PFA is showing a sigmoid volvulus. - HB https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4317068/figure/F0001/ | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ryan | Henrici | henricispu@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 403 | 387 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Esophageal pathologies | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16361045/ | One important, TESTABLE, cause of esophagitis is EOSINOPHILIC esophagitis, related to food allergies. Patients, mainly kids, will present with food impaction and Eosinophilic deposition and invasion of mucosa. This would cause white papules due to micro-abscesses because of eosinophilic infiltration. in a patient with a history of atopy, and food impaction, it is important to differentiate this from CMV esophagitis, which also causes linear furrowing of the esophagus. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is present in the 2021 version, agree with inclusion -SE | Currently present in 2021 (pg 387). -PY Yes, these conditions are already in the current version. I think the distinction is important - I am also working on the "Rapid Review" chapter and we are considering incorporating a new section on "commonly confused presentations", so I did add this to our list, stating that one of the major distinguishing factors is that eosinophilic esophagitis is commonly seen in atopic patients/those with food allergies, while CMV esophagitis is seen more commonly in the immunosuppressed, even though both may present with linear furrows/ulcers. - JR | Agreed. Migrate for discussion. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jean | Medina | jeancmedina22@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 404 | 389 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Cirrhosis and portal hypertension | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/778720 | Hepatopulmonary not added as a complication of portal HTN | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Fair, although this is a fairly complex topic for Step 1 learners. Don't personally feel strongly about adding it to the list of complications on the illustration -SE | Could easily add to illustration (pg 399). Accept. -PY List of complications in UTD (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/portal-hypertension-in-adults?search=portal%20hypertension&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H72827922) includes "●Variceal hemorrhage ●Portal hypertensive gastropathy ●Ascites ●Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ●Hepatorenal syndrome ●Hepatic hydrothorax ●Hepatopulmonary syndrome ●Portopulmonary hypertension ●Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy ●Portal cholangiopathy." Given this, we currently do not have Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), Hepatic hydrothorax, Hepatopulmonary syndrome, or Portopulmonary hypertension listed in the illustration. Of these, Hepatopulmonary syndrome seems most notable, and maybe also SBP. - JR | Add as list of complications. Migrate to annotate. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | FADIL | MOHAMMAD | FADIL-11@HOTMAIL.COM | |||||||||||||
| 405 | 389 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Gastritis | not needed | Risk factors for gastritis can be remembered with "SNACCS" (S)evere burn (Curling ulcer) (N)SAIDS}} (A)lcohol consumption}} (C)hemotherapy}} (C)ushing ulcer (S)hock | Mnemonic | Verified | Would reject. Current mnemonics are effective for the HY information -SE | I like current memory aid better (pg 389). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Adam | Robins | arobins54@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 406 | 389 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Gastritis | Pathoma (edition 2019) p. 104 and https://meridian.allenpress.com/aplm/article/143/11/1327/433634/Autoimmune-Gastritis | While autoantibodies against the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) on parietal cells can be found in autoimmune chronic gastritis and can help in making the diagnosis, the pathogenesis of this condition is mainly mediated by T cells (type IV hypersensitivity reaction). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Don't think this is HY -SE | Not high yield (pg 389). Reject. -PY There is some merit to this, but it does seem as though the autoantibodies serve as a good marker of the condition. Per UTD (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/metaplastic-chronic-atrophic-gastritis?search=autoimmune%20chronic%20gastritis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1), "autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis is associated with a T-cell mediated destruction of the oxyntic mucosa and production of autoantibodies directed against parietal cell antigens and intrinsic factor. In a mouse model of autoimmune gastritis, antibodies were directed against the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme in parietal cells. The chronic inflammation, glandular atrophy, and epithelial metaplasia of AMAG are closely paralleled by elevated serum antibodies to parietal cell antigens and to intrinsic factor, reflecting its autoimmune origin." We could possibly re-word it as "T-cell mediated mucosal destruction and production of autoantibodies to the H+/K+ ATPase on parietal cells and to intrinsic factor." - JR | I beg to differ, as this looks HY for me. -AC. Migrated to Annotate. -PY | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nardin | Farag | nardin.farag@mail.mcgill.ca | |||||||||||||
| 407 | 389 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Peptic ulcer disease | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-complications-of-peptic-ulcer-disease | Peptic Ulcer Complications | Mnemonic | Verified | No actual mnemonic proposed -SE | Not helpful. Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | FADIL | MOHAMMAD | FADIL-11@HOTMAIL.COM | |||||||||||||
| 408 | 390 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Ulcer complications | mnemonic | Both starts with "L" (I put it in quotes): Ruptured gastric ulcer on the "l"esser curvature of stomach leads to bleeding from "l"eft gastric artery. | Mnemonic | Verified | Why not if it can help some students. It only requires to put in red and bold both 'l' letters. LC | I'm in support as well. - JR | Can migrate for discussion.-AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 409 | 391 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Alcoholic liver diseases | Not needed | For alcoholic hepatitis, AST > ALT = wASTed | Mnemonic | Verified | Current mnemonic is effective -SE | Current memory aid is good (pg 400). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ramona | Mittal | ramona.mittal92@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 410 | 392 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | First aid for the USMLE step 1 + Pathoma | Crohn disease causes (CCCRONNN DISEASE) > Cobblestone, Creeping fat, Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, Right lower quadrant pain, Oriented ulcer(linear), Non-caseating granuloma, Non-bloody diarrhea, kNife like fissure (1st by pronunciation), Deficiency of nutrients, Ilium (most common site), Skip lesions, Extends throughout GIT, +ASCA, String sign, Erythema nodosum | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. Not useful for understanding or memorization. -SI | Not helpful as the letters could easily stand for UC things (like C for continuous) (pg 392). Reject. -PY | Okay to reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abdulrrhman | Al-Shoshan | Abdulrrhman1421@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 411 | 395 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | Original mnemonic | For remembering primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) vs. primary biliary cholangitis (PBC): S for scrotum in men, B for breasts in women. Also for remembering antibodies: p-ANCA → P for paternal, AMA → M for maternal | Mnemonic | Verified | I'd be in favor of accepting this, this is a heavily tested topic and there is currently no memory aid for distinguishing these conditions. | OnlineMedEd says PBC with the B for bitches, but this helps for both PBC and PSC and for antibodies. Accept. -PY This is helpful, but I do worry about the NBME using more "atypical presentations" and this possibly deterring a student from selecting either of these answers if a vignette features a patient of the less commonly-associated gender. - JR | Okay. Migrate to annotate. -AC It is now migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jay | Yang | jyangjayy@live.com | |||||||||||||
| 412 | 395 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | This is straight from FA, just a mnemonic to help associate these findings with hemochromatosis. | Common associations with hemochromatosis: "ABCD" A3 (HLA-A3), Bronze skin, Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus. It really helps me remember them! | Mnemonic | Verified | Not necessary -SE | Unnecessary (pg 405). -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Landen "Shane" | Burstiner | landenburstiner@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 413 | 395 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Intussusception | Not needed | Causes of intussusception: CRAAMP – Cancer, Rotavirus vaccine, IgA vasculitis, Adenovirus, Meckel diverticulum, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this could fit right where we currently have comments in the second (right-hand) column for this entry (it starts "May be associated..."). We could also add another P at the end and put "Peyer patch hypertrophy" to better incorporate with the pre-existing statement. - JR | I also agree with adding this mnemonic. Intussusception fact is being revised in annotate. Looking at the google doc, I suggest to add it under the graphic in column 3 (putting the CRAAMPP letters already in red in the text of column 2). LC | Can migrate for discussion.-AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 414 | 396 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Cholelithiasis and related pathologies | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3295849/ | The text describes figure A as pigment stones, however the larger stone at the neck of the gallbladder has irregular consistency and is yellowish white, indicating high levels of cholesterol. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject per editor -SE | Pigment stones are black (pg 406). Reject. -PY | Reject. The image clearly shows multiple pigmented/black stones in the body of the gallbladder. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michelle | Zhu | zhu.michelle@ymail.com | |||||||||||||
| 415 | 396 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Cholelithiasis and related pathologies | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11276386/ | gallbladder hypomotility causes the bile to become concentrated and accumulation of materials such as cholesterol monohydrate crystal, calcium bilirubinate build up and become viscous and thick. This is called biliary sludge which can cause obstruction in the bile duct and can form cholesterol gallstones. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Gallbladder stasis implies hypomotility -SI | Can change to "and gallbladder stasis all cause biliary sludge, which cause stones" (pg 406). Biliary sludge showed up on my step 1. Accept. -PY I am also a fan of the addition of the term "sludge" in some form or another. I have seen it described in imaging findings in vignettes before. - JR | Agree with discussion. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Saima | Mirza | saima1991@live.co.uk | |||||||||||||
| 416 | 396 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Other intestinal disorders | https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Bowel_obstruction | HOSA- Hyperkalemia, Opiates, Sepsis, Abdominal surgeries | Mnemonic | Verified | In FA book, ileus is associated with Abdominal surgeries, Opiates, Sepsis and Hypokalemia due to vomiting. I check on Amboss, it is also added there that compression of blood supply will lead to sepsis, peritonitis and hyperkalemia due to anaerobic metabolism and ischemic cells lysis. It could be something to add in the description. With this in mind, I find this mnemonic misleading, unless we put Hypo/Hyperkalemia. It needs more points of view and to be discussed. LC | Can migrate for discussion.-AC Migrated to Annotate for discussion. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mustafa | Farooq | mufarooq@augusta.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 417 | 396 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Volvulus | FA 2021 | Coffee bean sign: in Volvulus, Coffee bean nuclei: in Brenner tumor | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject, not helpful for examination purposes per Editor and agree -SE | Unnecessary (pg 396). Reject. -PY | Likely HY, but the Steps rarely test such direct questions. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 418 | 397 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | First aid 2020 pg 397 | Acute Pancreatitis Complications SPAM CANDy Shock Pseudocyst Abscess Multi-organ Failure Calcium low ARDS Necrosis (Fat) DIC | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject, cumbersome to remember -SE | Unnecessary (pg 407). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Iqra | Bakhsh | Iqrabakhsh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 419 | 397 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | not needed. | *P*eutz-Jeghers syndrome -->hyper*p*igmented . Highlight the letter "p" . | Mnemonic | Verified | Too specific and not overall helpful -SE | Unnecessary (pg 397). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jana | Ibrahim | janaibrahim088@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 420 | 397 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Polyposis syndromes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/familial-adenomatous-polyposis-screening-and-management-of-patients-and-families?search=familial%20adenomatous%20polyps&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | APC: (A) Autosomic Dominant, (P) Polypyps , (C) Colon Cancer | Mnemonic | Verified | This may help. It could also potentially go on page 225, where the tumor suppressor genes are listed. - JR | It is a great suggestion but the words corresponding to these 3 letters are already present in the GI pathology section, I think it would be easier to add the mnemonic here than in the tumor suppressor genes list. LC | Not in favor. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oscar | Gomez | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 421 | 399 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Cirrhosis and portal hypertension | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-splenomegaly-and-other-splenic-disorders-in-adults?search=splenomegaly&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | It says "(arrows show splenomegaly)" but there is no picture of splenomegaly - only a picture with hepatocellular carcinoma. Picture from 2019 edition was removed that depicted this. This is my 3rd erratum submissive in 3 months, very concerning.This form is forcing me to add a supporting reference even though it isn't content based, so I will add an article on splenomegaly. | Minor erratum | Verified | "Arrow to splenomegaly" is crossed out on annotate, submission is correct but I think this was addressed already -SE | Agree (pg 399). -PY | Migrated to annotate for discussion. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Harrison Davis | Davis | tuh27804@temple.edu | |||||||||||||
| 422 | 399 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Misoprostol | N/A | Side effect of Misoprostol: Mis = Miscarriage, Pro-Sto(o)l = Diarrhea | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject -SE | Not helpful (pg409). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Malav | Patel | dr.malavpatel@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 423 | 400 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Reye syndrome | FA 2021 | Reye syndrome: mIcrovesicular fatty changes (kIds are mIcro), Hepatic steatosis: mAcarovesicular fatty changes (Adults are mAcro) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure this is HY, would reject -SE | Not super helpful (pg 400). Reject. -PY | Seems like a mnemonic suggestion to me. Not in favor of adding cumbersome mnemonics. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 424 | 400 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Serum markers of liver pathology | Self made | "ALT" increase in vir"AL" and au"T"oimmune hepatitis | Mnemonic | Verified | Not necessary -SE | Not necessary (pg 400). Really only need to know AST>ALT for alcohol to know everything else. Reject. -PY | Reject. Does not aid in memory or understanding. -SI | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tabaré | Rodríguez | tabarervivoni@outlook.com | |||||||||||||
| 425 | 402 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Budd-Chiari syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-portal-vein-thrombosis-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-management?search=portal%20vein%20thrombosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~147&usage_type=default&display_rank=3 | My submission is regarding the picture to the right of the section titled “Budd-Chiari Syndrome” and concerns portal vein thrombosis in specific. While acute portal vein thrombosis does not present with splenomegaly on physical exam, chronic portal vein thrombosis could. This is because the splenic vein drains into the portal vein and if given enough time, accumulation of blood from the splenic vein could lead to splenomegaly. It is true that portal vein thrombosis does not present with hepatomegaly, however, "no hepatosplenomegaly" is not entirely accurate and rather depends on the time of presentation. Thus a more accurate way of laying it out would be either to point out the importance of chronicity of the disease or by changing it to “portal vein thrombosis: no hepatomegaly”. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agreed, addressed by editor -SE | See changes on Annotate (pg 402). Accept. -PY | Great point. We will edit label to say “portal vein thrombosis: no hepatomegaly”. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Hanan | Aghar | hha34@mail.aub.edu | |||||||||||||
| 426 | 402 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Budd-Chiari syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-portal-vein-thrombosis-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-management?search=portal%20vein%20thrombosis%20differential%20diagnosis§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H417348800&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=2~150&display_rank=2#H417348800 | The figure states ''No hepatosplenomegaly'' under Portal vein thrombosis. I think it should only specify as ''No hepatomegaly'' because splenomegaly is a finding in portal vein thrombosis. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agreed -SE | See changes on Annotate (pg 402). Accept. -PY | Yes. This is an errata. -AC Ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2806552/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534157/ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | No hepatomegaly | | | | Sulav | Pyakurel | carbonphosphodiester@gmail.com | ||||||||||||
| 427 | 405 | Gastrointestinal | Abbreviations and Symbols | Hemochromatosis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430862/ | Please add the mnemonic "HemochromatoSix" or "Hemochromato6" to better remember the association of hemochromatosis with HFE gene on chromosome 6. | Mnemonic | Verified | This has come up before but I don't think its a particularly HY association -SE | I've never been asked HFE gene on chromosome 6. Seems low yield. Reject. -PY I agree that I've never seen this come up before, but I suppose that it theoretically could, and this mnemonic does not take up a lot of extra space. - JR | This has come up. I suggest adding. -AC. Migrated to Annotate. -PY | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kamil | Nazer | kamilnv@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 428 | 405 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Wilson disease | N/A | WilSons disease on chromosome 13 (lS of wilsons looks like 13) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject -SE | Unnecessary (pg 405). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Akiva | Rosenzveig | arosenzv@student.nymc.edu | |||||||||||||
| 429 | 405 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Wilson disease | Not needed | ATP7B gene is on chromosome 13 - there are 13 letters in "Wilson disease" | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject -SE | Unnecessary (pg 405). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 430 | 406 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Cholelithiasis and related pathologies | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11077333/ | Pigment stones due to biliary tract infection are due to increased slime production and beta-glucuronidase released by bacteria. This should be added to the figure to help differentiate from cholesterol gallstones resulting from decreased 7-alpha hydroxylase activity. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I like this information, this topic is heavily tested and is a common point of confusion. Agree to implement -SE | This came up on UWorld (pg 406). Accept. -PY I think this provides helpful clarification; I added a "reply" in Annotate. - JR | Okay for discussion. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 431 | 407 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | mnemonic by me | mnemonic for the complications of acute pancreatitis. the mnemonic is "H2O In PANcreas". H- Hemorrhage, H- Hypocalcemia, O- Organ failure, P- Pseudocyst, A- Abscess, N- Necrosis. | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 432 | 407 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | mnemonic by me | mnemonic for the complications of acute pancreatitis. the mnemonic is "H2O In PANcreas". H- Hemorrhage, H- Hypocalcemia, O- Organ failure, I- Infection, P- Pseudocyst, A- Abscess, N- Necrosis. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject -SE | Unnecessary (pg 407). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 433 | 407 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Acute pancreatitis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-acute-pancreatitis | In your mnemonic, I GET SMASHED, the 'A' stands for AutoImmune diseases. Viewing multiple resources (Check etiologies section from the link of uptodate below), AI diseases have nothing to do with acute pancreatitis, they only cause chronic pancreatitis. | Major erratum | Verified | Unfortunately, I don't have access to uptodate to check the supporting reference, but when I was checking on multiple articles, autoimmune diseases are sometimes still present as a possible cause for acute pancreatitis. (https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/How-we-predict-the-etiology-of-acute-pancreatitis.-Pérez-Mateo/dfa931708f9557d4cfaea2cb6741d797e3b50a8b, http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0120-99572015000400013&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en). Sometimes, autoimmune diseases are not listed as etiologies and the articles are saying something like: ''Other causes are uncommon, situational, or controversial.'' (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665136/). So, I think we need the opinion of an expert on this topic to be able to make the decision. LC | This is not true. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Hammouri | mohammad1051@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 434 | 409 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Antacids | https://www.rxlist.com/antacids/drug-class.htm | Contraindication mnemonic: Not "FIIT"for Antacid: Fluoroquinolones, Isoniazid, Iron, Tetracycline | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject -SE | Unnecessary (pg 409). Reject. -PY | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Babak | Moradi | neems.moradi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 435 | 409 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Proton pump inhibitors | Uworld | Proton Pump Inhibitors Facilitate fat absorption in patients given Pancreatic Enzyme replacement therapy, 35% of people only answered this correctly | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I like the idea of including this. I think that it would be important to emphasize the "why", which is that some pancreatic enzyme products require a higher pH for the full product to be released and thus for the maximal effect to be reached. Per UpToDate article "Cystic fibrosis: Assessment and management of pancreatic insufficiency": "Patients who fail to respond to maximal doses of supplemental pancreatic enzymes may benefit from reduction of gastric acidity by addition of histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole. The reason for this improvement is that some enzyme products require a higher pH for the entire product to be released, but the practice is based on limited evidence. The use of H2RAs is limited by the development of tachyphylaxis, and the use of PPIs is limited by potential adverse effects, including possibly increased risks for vitamin B12 deficiency and detrimental effects on bone health." - JR | I agree with JR. Here a suggestion for text: ''In the mechanism line of PPI: irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells --> decrease gastric acid production --> higher pH --> increase lipase activity --> enhanced fat absorption in patents on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.'' LC | Can migrate for discussion.-AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Saad | Ali | s3doshz@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 436 | 411 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Laxatives | 1. https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/3/6/1861#:~:text=The%20major%20clinical%20feature%20of,any%20severe%20diarrhea%20(45). 2. https://www.renalfellow.org/2009/10/13/acid-base-issues-related-to-eating/ | book says "Diarrhea, dehydration; may be misused by patients with bulimia nervosa; overuse may cause metabolic alkalosis", BUT laxative abuse can result in either a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (similar to patients with chronic diarrhea) OR a hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis which results from hypokalemia, increased renal bicarbonate reabsorption, and volume contraction due to profound loss of sodium and water in the stool. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree to add the additional information or at least have discussion in annotate, may help clarify for learners. -SE | I think it's worthwhile to mention both metabolic outcomes (pg 411). -PY I agree, and stimulant laxatives such as bisacodyl may also produce the same adverse effects - I added a comment to Annotate. - JR | Defer to 2022. The current statement is fine is as. We ran it by faculty last year. If you want to add acidosis to the blurb in 2022, I suggest asking experts to weigh in as well. -HB Agree with Humood on this one. Migrate to annotate for discussion. -AC | Disagreement/need expert | | | | carlos | cardenas | karmed@live.com | |||||||||||||
| 437 | 411 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Laxatives | . | adverse effects of (Osmotic laxatives , Stimulants & Emollient) should be metabolic acidosis rather than metabolic alkalosis | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject - SI | Duplicate. Reject. -PY | Repeated suggestion as above. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohamed | Gamal | mohamed_gamal9788@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 438 | 411 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Laxatives | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172208-laxatives,%20stool%20softeners,%20and%20prokinetic%20agents?src=android&ref=share | MY CONTRIBUTIONS: MNEMONICS AND CORRECTIONS,; FIRST AID 2021 AS REFERENCE | Mnemonic | Staff rejects | | | | PETER | ONWUGBUFOR | dronwugbuforpeterchibuike@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 439 | 413 | Hematology and Oncology | Molecular | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2086278-overview | I think that thrombin time should be defined,like for example what it means as a term i.e. the time it takes for thrombin(IIa) to create fibrin PLUS the situations in which thrombin time goes up(heparin-affects ACTIVATED factor II, dabigatran/bivalirudin/any direct thrombin inhibitor-affect ACTIVATED factor II, afibrinogenemia-less/no factor I to be used by thrombin as a substrate). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure where this is suggested for? 413 is chapter title page. -SE | I do not believe I've ever come across any questions related to this concept, but it is helpful for completeness (and there is always the possibility that it could be tested moving forward - for example, "adverse effects of antithrombin drugs" appears on the USMLE content outline). - JR | Good suggestion to be considered non-urgently for FA2022 inclusion. The thrombin time is not used as often in practice, but is still worthwhile to know, especially for thrombin-based treatments as noted by the submission. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Stylianos | Elemes | lms.pao@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 440 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | Embryology | Blood groups | https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM195807312590508 | Hello, Thank you for the emazing First Aid! It is understandable when I read the part of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn that Rh --ve persons (mothers) does not has a naturally preexisting Anti-D IgG in their blood and that is true, except for a very rare exceptions. But when I read the blood groups table before that, it is written that Anti-D IgG is present in the plasma of Rh --ve persons similar like the presence of Anti-B in A blood group persons and the presence of Anti-A in B blood group persons in whom those antibodies are naturally preexist. I think it will be better if you can write a not that (Anti-D IgG does not naturally found in Rh --ve persons and it is almost always result from immunization in the form of blood transfusion or incompatible fetus. Thank you! | Clarification to current text | Verified | This could be a good concept to clarify but not convinced it is High Yield. --PS | I also agree that this may not be directly testable but I think for the sake of accuracy and to aid overall understanding it would make sense to clarify. One way to address this would be to label the antibodies present in blood as something along the lines of "antibodies that could possibly be in the blood". Alternatively, we could just use an asterisk and a phrase similar to what the reader has proposed here. - JR | A reasonable point. Basically, not all Rh-negative patients have Anti-D IgG floating around, until an immune stimulus (eg, transfusion or incompatible fetus) is presented. However, if we change the title of the row, we may get errata submissions, as most people do have anti-A and anti-B antibodies floating around, typically arising from ingested food very early in life. I would probably just leave this alone, as this is a very minor point, and attempts to clarify it may inadvertently introduce other points of confusion or even errata. The text already does a good job of explaining that anti-D is "acquired" from pregnancy or transfusions. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Khaled | Saed | alkarrady2006@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 441 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | Embryology | Blood groups | hbf has serine instaed of histidine amino acid ,due to which hbf has decreased binding to 2,3 bpg and increased affinity. | Minor erratum | Verified | I wouldn't necessarily consider this a "minor erratum", but more so as an additional piece of information to include. I am not sure that it would be tested to this level of detail, but it is a good biochemistry tie-in. Per UTD article "Fetal hemoglobin (hemoglobin F) in health and disease": "The differences in oxygen affinity between adult and fetal blood is primarily a result of the failure of HbF to interact with 2,3-DPG due to gamma 143 serine and the acetylation of NA1 valine. The Bohr effect of HbF, through which an increase in blood acidity results in increased release of oxygen from hemoglobin, is 20 percent higher than that of HbA because of gamma 143 serine rather than beta 143 histidine. This helps maximize oxygen transport to the fetus, and contributes approximately half of the oxygen transport between mother and fetus." - JR | I think this level of detail is beyond scope, and agree with Jaimie that this is a clarification/update to detail, not an erratum. Just knowing that HbF has increased affinity for O2 relative to adult hemoglobin (to facilitate the transfer of oxygen from maternal hemoglobin to fetal hemoglobin) is sufficient in my opinion. I do not think this additional amino acid detail is required. I favor rejecting this proposal. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ali | Billa | dr.bilalfarhatali@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 442 | 415 | Hematology and Oncology | Embryology | Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2270/ | Anti-Kell can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn which results in severe fetal anemia. This occurs when the mother's anti-Kell targets fetal RBC precursors and therefore suppresses fetal RBC production. Antibodies against Kell are IgM (uncommon) or IgG. Anti-Kell can also cause a hemolytic transfusion reaction. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY. Reject --CK | Anti-Kell has recently gained much attention amongst students. I think we can migrate this to annotate and discuss further. _PS I think this is a reasonable approach. - JR | I am open to migrating this over if deemed high yield at the Step 1 level. However, we will need some proposals on how to implement it into the book. There is not a dedicated section for antibodies such as this to my knowledge, so it would likely need to be integrated into the material on page 415 somehow, or perhaps a new fact generated from scratch. Proceed with migration, but will need to follow it up with specific proposals for how to add this content. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 443 | 416 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Hematopoiesis | mnemonic | Granulocytes/PMNs ⇔ *NBME* (Neutrophils, Basophils, Mast cells, Eosinophils); Agranulocytes/mononuclear cells ⇒ Monocytes & Lymphocytes | Mnemonic | Verified | Inclined to reject, doesn't seem necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nicolas | Curi Gawlinski | nicolascurii@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 444 | 416 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Hematopoiesis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2085133-overview | A mnemonic to remember the white blood cell count differential in order of greatest to fewest white blood cells: Never Let Me Eat Bananas (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils). It can also be helpful to remember the approximate percentage of each one, and some students may find it easier to remember a number instead of a range. As such, students may benefit from remembering 60% (Neutrophils), 30% (Lymphocytes), 6% (Monocytes), 3% (Eosinophils), and 1% (Basophils). The 60-30-6-3-1 guideline is easy to remember and applicable for many USMLE Step 1 topics. | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is a catchy mnemonic that some might find useful. --CK | I Agree. -PS | This is basically a spinoff of a much older mnemonic we used to have, Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas. I believe we took that entire section out because it was lower yield. For that reason, I would not add this mnemonic in. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jack | Healy | jack.healy@tcu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 445 | 416 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Neutrophils | Not needed | Neutrophil chemotactic agents (see attached document for clarity): Come, Let’s Invent New Knowledge to HElp People – C5a, LTB4, IL-8, N-fMET, Kallikrein, 5-HETE, Platelet-activating factor | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this mnemonic is that strong and not all these agents are that HY. Reject. --CK | Agreeing with CK, reject. PS | I am not a fan either. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 446 | 417 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Erythrocytes | N/A | To remember that anisocytosis is varying sizes: anisocytosis = any size-tosis | Mnemonic | Verified | Inclined to reject, doesn't seem necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Chloe | Jensen | chloe.aevm@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 447 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | Physicians’ Desk Reference; 2021, 75th Edition {Fondaparinux exerts antithrombotic activity as a result of antithrombin III (ATIII)-mediated selective inhibition of factor Xa.} https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fondaparinux-dosing-and-adverse-effects#subscribeMessage {Fondaparinux (Arixtra) is a synthetic anticoagulant based on the pentasaccharide sequence that makes up the minimal antithrombin (AT) binding region of heparin. Similar to low molecular weight heparins, it is an indirect inhibitor of factor Xa, but it does not inhibit thrombin at all.} https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/021345s010lbl.pdf {ARIXTRA® (fondaparinux sodium) Injection is a sterile solution containing fondaparinux sodium. It is a synthetic and specific inhibitor of activated Factor X (Xa).} | Fondaparinux is a LMWH; it shouldn’t be placed as separate from LMWH in the list of anticoagulants aimed at Xa in the illustration of the coagulation and kinin pathways on page 422. It should read like this: LMWH (eg, dalteparin, enoxaparin; fondaparinux selectively inhibits Xa). | Major erratum | Verified | Disagree. They work similarly but are not the same, and I think separating them is helpful to imply there is a difference. -SE | I concur with what Sean and Matt have said; based on what I have read, it does not seem as though fondaparinux truly fits within the category of "LMWH". Furthermore, it is noted on UptoDate that "Fondaparinux binds to AT with a higher affinity than the native pentasaccharide of unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin, and it causes a conformational change in AT that significantly increases the ability of AT to inactivate factor Xa" and "Fondaparinux cannot bind to or inactivate thrombin (factor IIa) because it cannot form a ternary complex with AT and thrombin. Ternary complex formation requires pentasaccharide-containing chains at least 18 saccharide units long, such as those present in unfractionated heparin and, to a lesser extent, low molecular weight heparin preparations." Thus, I do not think it would be factual to call it a "LMWH", although of course I would defer to a pharmacist, as Matt said. It is possible that we could note that its selective inactivation of Factor Xa is indeed ATIII-mediated, but I am not sure if that level of detail is necessary. (Perhaps it could be tested in the context of a patient with ATIII deficiency, and whether or not fondaparinux would be effective.) - JR | May be worthwhile confirming this with a pharmacologist, but I disagree. Fondaparinux works similarly to LMWH from a mechanistic standpoint, but they are structurally different. LMWH's (the most well known of which is enoxaparin) are distinguished from UFH by their side chain structures that have a lower molecular weight compared to UFH. Fondaparinux is unique because it lacks a side chain and the core molecule is synthetically different from classical heparin, and some may not even consider it to be a heparin product at all. This is an interesting trait of it that confers slightly different inhibition pattern (exclusively targets Xa, no anti-thrombin activity) and a few other characteristics, for example, it is unlikely to trigger HIT and can even be used in patients with a prior history of HIT. LMWH agents, such as enoxaparin, are contraindicated in those who have had HIT previously. This is somewhat confirmed in the student's own references, which infer that fondaparinux is somewhat differently structured, even if it is technically a lower molecular weight than regular heparin. I would favor running this by a pharmacist before we sign off on it, but from my view, I would not consider fondaparinux to be a LMWH and would not accept this erratum. -Matt | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Amir | Bagheri | contactamirbagheri@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 448 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | I like the stock | *Thrombin(IIa) is used for amplification as it is able to activate more thrombin via +ve feedback on factors V XI and VIII....[Thrombin is factor II & it activates 3 other factors just add 3 to 2 three times to remember them 2+3=5 (V) 5+3=8 (VIII) 8+3=11 (XI) | Mnemonic | Verified | Disagree, confusing -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Attallah Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 449 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | Physiology | Coagulation and kinin pathways | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/high-molecular-weight-kininogen | Instead of simply "HMWK" in the cascade it should state: "kininogen (HMWK)" & have a reference below describing the abbreviation of HMWK - high-molecular-weight kininogen | Clarification to current text | Verified | For completeness's sake, this could be added. I would just a note at the bottom of the page (where HMWH is defined) that "HMWK = high-molecular-weight-kininogen". --CK | Seems fair to me. Agreed. PS | We will addd the note at bottom of page as Clara proposes. I think that is reasonable for us to define here. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Daniel | Shostak | danshost@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 450 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemias | First Aid 2020 pg 422 | Sickle Cell Anemia Complications PRADA Pain Crisis, Priapism, Renal Papillary Necrosis, Autosplenectomy, Dactylitis, Acute Chest Syndrome | Mnemonic | Verified | Disagree, not necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Iqra | Bakhsh | iqrabakhsh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 451 | 422 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | NA | See Mike? He ate 14 Jaw Breakers. C-myc, He 8:14 Jaw (For endemic Burkitt Lymphoma) Breakers. | Mnemonic | Verified | Disagree, not necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Alexander | Schafer | arschafe@buffalo.edu | |||||||||||||
| 452 | 423 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemias | N/A- came up with the mnemonic on my own | Cold AI hemolytic anemia is due to IgM Ab's, 'M' for 'M'innesota which is a 'COLD' state; Warm AI hemolytic anemia is due to IgG Ab's, 'G' for 'G'eorgia which is a 'WARM' state | Mnemonic | Verified | Disagree, not necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Crystal | Marshall | cmarsha1@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 453 | 423 | Hematology and Oncology | Physiology | Vitamin K–dependent coagulation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vitamin-k-and-the-synthesis-and-function-of-gamma-carboxyglutamic-acid?search=vitamin%20k&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | Vitamin K its produced by baKteria | Mnemonic | Verified | Pretty simple change and might be helpful for some. Accept. --CK | Agree to accept. PS | Not bad I suppose, we can add this in if popular. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oscar | Gomez | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 454 | 424 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | RBC morphology | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/954356-overview#:~:text=Acanthocytosis%20is%20a%20red%20cell,(see%20the%20images%20below). | Acanthocytes are Spur cells. "San Antonio SPURS" with emphasis on the A in Antonio. | Mnemonic | Verified | Disagree, not necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jean | Medina | jmedina1@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 455 | 425 | Hematology and Oncology | Metabolism | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | n/a | Mnemonic for heme synthesis: Go Save All Possible Humans U C Pleading For Help | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think knowing the exact intermediates is that helpful since the enzymes are more tested. --CK | Here, enzymes are more high yield. Intermediates- not much. Inclined to reject. PS | Agree, intermediates are beyond scope. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Panayiotis | Koumas | pkoumas@nyit.edu | |||||||||||||
| 456 | 426 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | RBC inclusions | n/a | words that contain I and N from IroN contain iron such as heINz bodies and pappeNheImer | Mnemonic | Verified | Disagree, not necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Agreed with Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 457 | 426 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | RBC morphology | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=HEME%2F71989 | It is written that basophilic stippling is seen on sideroblastic anemias thalassemias and we should add LEAD POISONING to it as it is seen in lead poisoning | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.co | |||||||||||||||||
| 458 | 426 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | RBC morphology | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=HEME%2F71989 | in basophilic stippling we should add LEAD POISONING to the box as it causes inhibition of pyrimidine 5’nuclutidase which leads to undigested pyrimidines in ribosomes/RNA so accumulation of pyrimidines/RNA not lead accumulation | Clarification to current text | Verified | My understanding is that Lead poisoning causes a sideroblastic anemia, technically the information there is correct it just isn't fully spelled out. Thus chart's purpose isn't to explain pathology -SE | We could consider writing "Sideroblastic anemias (eg, lead poisoning, myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic alcohol overuse)" under "Associated Pathology", as is done for the "Iron granules" category just above...however, this may be redundant. Could consider pointing out the relationship between sideroblasts (which contain iron granules in nucleated RBCs in bone marrow), basophilic stippling (ribosomal remnants in non-nucleated peripheral RBCs), and Pappenheimer bodies (iron-containing bodies in non-nucleated peripheral RBCs). Per UpToDate: "Basophilic stippling refers to the presence of blue granules of various sizes dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of the red cell, which represent ribosomal precipitates. They are most often seen in the thalassemias, alcohol abuse, lead and heavy metal poisoning..." and "Pappenheimer bodies are iron-containing dark blue granules found in red cells in patients with sideroblastic anemia. The red cells are usually hypochromic, with basophilic stippling that stains positive for iron. Red cells containing Pappenheimer bodies are called siderocytes in contrast to iron-containing nucleated red cells, which are called sideroblasts." - JR | Yes, I agree, this is not an erratum, but two steps are needed here, one being to look up that lead poisoning causes sideroblastic anemia, and the second to know that basophilic stippling (mRNA) is seen in the peripheral blood secondary to a sideroblastic (iron incorporation) process within the bone marrow. We can consider clarifying this to eliminate these steps, but certainly a low priority change by my metrics. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 459 | 427 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Anemias | mnemonic | Normocytic Extrinsic anemias can be remembered with "AIMM" → Autoimmune, Infections, Microangiopathic, Macroangiopathic | Mnemonic | Verified | Not very helpful. Reject. --CK | Agreed with CK. -PS | Reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 460 | 427 | Hematology and Oncology | Systems | Reticulocyte production index | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/calculator-reticulocyte-production-index-rpi-in-adults?search=reticulocyte%20production%20index&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~4&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | RPI = ([reticulocyte % * actual Hct] / normal Hct ) / maturation time | Major erratum | Verified | Accept per editor | This is an interesting submission, and I believe the student may be correct. What we are showing equation-wise is called the reticulocyte index (RI), or corrected reticulocyte count, which is an adjustment of the reticulocyte count based off of the hematocrit parameters. The reticulocyte production index (RPI) factors in the maturation time (what we are missing from our equation), wherein accelerated bone marrow turnover of red blood cells (that is, they are released earlier into the blood and thus take longer to "mature") is factored in. This maturation factor is assessed based on the hematocrit, wherein the lower the hematocrit, the higher the maturation factor (that is, the more time is needed for prematurely released red blood cells to mature fully). For example, with a normal hematocrit, the premature cells take one day or so to mature. With anemia, however, it can increase to as many as 2-3 days! Wikipedia actually has a nice entry on this, which is easy to read for those without UpToDate access, and explains the maturation factor somewhat: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulocyte_production_index In summary, I agree that we need to update the equation to include the maturation factor, such that we are accurately representing the RPI. We can include this as an erratum on the official errata document. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jong Hyun | Choi | jonghyun.choi@einsteinmed.org | ||||||||||||||
| 461 | 429 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/childhood-lead-poisoning-exposure-and-prevention/abstract/45 | exposure risk to lead is high in old houses (built before 1978) essentially when lead based paint was banned | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree to include, this is the most frequent context provided for questions aimed at lead poisoning. -SE | I think it makes sense to include the date, since it won't add much bulk. - JR | Reasonable optional consideration for 2022. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 462 | 430 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | None required | Diffuse large B-CeLL lymphoma has mutations in BCL genes. | Mnemonic | Verified | Incorrect page? -SE | This is already present on pg 439. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Boran | Katunaric | bh3.kat@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 463 | 431 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Anemias | Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 20th edition, page 727- Aplastic anemia laboratory studies- in left column, paragraph 4, lines 2 and 3. | Dear authors/ Editorial board members Thanks for your great work. I have found something not true about aplastic anemia at "Firstaid 30th edition, page 431, right column, line 7" that says dry bone marrow tap. Because the bone marrow aspiration is hypocellular not dry tap, a “dry tap” instead suggests fibrosis or myelophthisis. Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 20th edition, page 727- Aplastic anemia laboratory studies- in left column, paragraph 4, lines 2 and 3. Yours sincerely, Mohammad M Fanaeian, M.D. | Major erratum | Verified | This is a good point. Apparently aplastic anemia will have hypocellularity, but if it's a "dry tap" (where no marrow is successfully collected), this points against aplasatic anemia. https://www.nature.com/articles/bmt2012230 . Accept. --CK | I Agree. Accept. PS | You know, this went right over my head, great catch. Dry taps are much more due to packed/fibrotic bone marrow (eg, myelofibrosis) as opposed to aplastic anemia, which will typically have aspirate, but said aspirate is devoid of cellularity. Accepting submission, and will propose we delete the text on Annotate. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad Mahdi | Fanaeian | Mohammadfanaeian@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 464 | 431 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Normocytic, normochromic anemias | n/a | intravascular hemolysis mechanism: breakdown within vessels | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject - implied by intravascular. Agree with editor to reject -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Is this not implied by the term "intravascular" here? Not sure what to change based on this suggestion. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 465 | 431 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Normocytic, normochromic anemias | PROOF 1:According to https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bilirubin-glucuronide "Only conjugated bilirubin is passed into the urine" // Proof 2: On page 385 GI-pathology it was stated "Indirect bilirubin: unconjugated; water insoluble" hence unconjugated bilirubin cannot be excreted in urine// PROOF 3: "Unconjugated bilirubin is not water-soluble and so is not excreted in the urine" according to: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin | The mistake was on page 431 where uncongjugated bilirubin was mentioned as one of the findings in urine. FULL SENTENCE: "Hemolysis can lead to increases in LDH, reticulocytes, *unconjugated bilirubin*, pigmented gallstones, and urobilinogen in urine" | Minor erratum | Verified | This is a misinterpretation of the text. The sentence is implying that there is elevated unconjugated bilirubin in the blood (not in the urine). Text is correct as is and seems clear to me. Reject. --CK | Agree with CK, text is fine as is, I would not make any changes here based off this submission. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Wahid | Aloweiwi | waheed-2002@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 466 | 431 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Plasma cell dyscrasias | Pathoma 2018 (WBC disorders P63) | Multiple Myeloma MR BAILOMA, M spike in SPEP, Roulex formation, Bence Jones Proteins (Myeloma Kidney), AL Amyloidosis, Infection, Osteoclastic activating factor, Monoclonal IgG or IgA, Anemia | Mnemonic | Verified | Again wrong page I think. -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | CRAB is the actual criteria, we will stick with this instead of the proposed mnemonic. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Iqra | Bakhsh | Iqrabakhsh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 467 | 432 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemias | http://www.labex-grex.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/LdCosta-Boold-review-2013.pdf ; https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/anemias-caused-by-hemolysis/hereditary-spherocytosis-and-hereditary-elliptocytosis#:~:text=About%2025%25%20of%20cases%20are,RBCs%20are%20oval%20or%20elliptical.;www.uptodate.com/contents/hereditary-elliptocytosis-and-related-disorders#H4087002577 | Difference between hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis - elliptocytosis milder hemolysis absent or slight +/-splenomegaly . genetic mutations result in weakness of the cytoskeleton of the cell, leading to deformation of the cell. The abnormally shaped RBCs are taken up and destroyed by the spleen. Confirm diagnosis spherocytosis ektacytometry shows narrower curve that moves to the right, elliptocytosis shows a change of shape and lower height of curve | Clarification to current text | Verified | This would take quite a bit of space to clarify, and I don't think this is HY enough to warrant inclusion. -SE | I could see including the difference in etiology (i.e. membrane defect vs. cytoskeleton defect), but I'm not sure that the distinction in ektacytometry results would be likely to show up on the exam. - JR | Reasonable clarification to consider for 2022. Do not believe any of this is official errata-worthy. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 468 | 432 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemias | https://www.drugs.com/history/empaveli.html | A first in-class medication was approved for the use of Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Pegcetacoplan binds to complement protein C3 and its activation fragment C3b, thereby regulating the cleavage of C3 and the generation of downstream effectors of complement activation. This is a novel target of the complement pathway. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | UpToDate (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/treatment-and-prognosis-of-paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria?search=paroxysmal%20nocturnal%20hemoglobinuria&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~88&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H1818603420) discusses C5 complement inhibitors (eg, ravulizumab, eculizumab) as being the primary agents used currently, with a preference for ravulizumab over eculizumab due to longer half-life and thus longer intervals between doses and subsequent cost savings. The article also mentions "newer complement inhibitors", including pegcetacoplan (which targets C3), danicopan (targets factor D, a component of the alternate complement pathway), iptacopan (targets factor B); however, it notes that all three of these have not yet received US FDA approval. - JR | Defer to Matt- is this HY in hematology? CC It's a very new treatment that also inhibits complement (C3), and is likely superior efficacy-wise to eculizumab based on its study. I strongly doubt it is high yield at the Step 1 level because of its novelty, and it looks like it was approved by the FDA just this month (May of 2021). Also good to mention that there is a slightly older medication approved for this condition, ravulizumab, that also inhibits complement and has been available for some time, yet we do not mention it. Rather than adding these examples, it is probably easiest to just change the "treatment" line to simply say something such as "Complement inhibitors (eg, eculizumab)" such that we do not have to dive into the weeds of these medications. They all have subtle differences, which I strongly doubt are worth mentioning at the Step 1 level. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | William | Bloom | william.bloom3993@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 469 | 432 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency | Reddit approves | Pyruvate Kinase def. go *Burrrrrrrrrrrrr* | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | hamzeh | alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 470 | 433 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemias | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cold-agglutinin-disease#:~:text=INTRODUCTION%20Cold%20agglutinin%20disease%20(CAD,the%20body%20and%20hemolytic%20anemia. | In Cold AIHA, it is written that it is an extravascular hemolysis upon exposure to cold. However, it is important to specify that there is a component of intravascular hemolysis happening, such as in the case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections (which causes the elevated LDH levels and elevate reticulocytes count). | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject - don't think this distinction is HY - SE | I agree with SE and Matt. I think that, if anything, we could decide to simply re-word to say "predominantly extravascular", so that it is still factually accurate. - JR | The student is correct. However, the major question is if this is considered high-yield. The predominant mechanism for cold AIHA is extravascular, although in some cases (eg, particularly brisk hemolysis), intravascular hemolysis can also occur as the student correctly points out. It may depend on the mechanism of course, although the yield of this is unclear to me. Overall, I do not know if any of this is worth mentioning to be honest, but we can certainly discuss it non-urgently as part of the FA 2022 revision. Will accept, but not official errata worthy. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nardin | Farag | nardin.farag@mail.mcgill.ca | |||||||||||||
| 471 | 433 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Extrinsic hemolytic anemias | https://next.amboss.com/us/article/rT0fH2?q=autoimmune%20hemolytic%20anemia#Z6ea395e8a2f1814c9b2cfca2c06c5b2a | In warm AIHA - we have IgG which, better fits for splenic macrophage FC receptor - so it causes more extravascular hemolysis. In cold AIHA IgM, much better activates complement - intravascular hemolysis, instead of extravascular, as per 2021 FA. | Major erratum | Verified | I would the classical associations are more helpful to focus on for these topics in the context of Step 1- Defer to editor opinion though. -SE | I echo Matt's comments. Even with the way it's currently worded, we have warm AIHA down as "primarily IgG" and "extravascular" and cold AIHA down as "primarily IgM" and "extravascular", so it's hinting at what the majority of cases are, not necessarily all. UpToDate (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/cold-agglutinin-disease?search=aiha&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=4#H377443360) states, in both warm and cold AIHA, that intravascular hemolysis can occur in more severe cases or when hemolysis is particularly fast. - JR | See above. I would say cold AIHA is usually extravascular, but we can consider the elements of intravascular hemolysis non-urgently for FA2022. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Guilherme | Goncalves | guileiteb@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 472 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | mnemonic | "A"cute Intemittent Porphyria - porphobilinogen de"A"minase; porphyria "C"utanea tarda - uroporphyrinogen de"C"arboxylase | Mnemonic | Verified | Don't think this is very helpful. -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Dr. Dharmik | Patel | dr.dharmik5995@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 473 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | http://www2.csudh.edu/nsturm/CHE452/13_Heme%20Metabolism.htm | Diagram depicting heme synthesis depicts conversion from ALA to porphobilinogen mediated by ALA DEHYDROGENASE. The correct enzyme is ALA DEHYDRATASE. | Major erratum | Verified | Agree to accept | Agreed, good catch. -Matt | Good catch, this is correct, also verified on UTD. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Madison | Sands | mksa224@g.uky.edu | |||||||||||||
| 474 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | First Aid 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560836/ | "Aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase" should say "Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Good catch, this is correct, also verified on UTD. CC | | | | Blake | Howard | howardbl@musc.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 475 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1174752-overview?src=mbl_msp_iphone {Lead blocks the activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and leads to hemoglobin oxidation, which along with the lipid peroxidation can result in red cell hemolysis.} https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537329/ {Lead Poisoning: Lead interacts with zinc cofactors for ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase leading to inhibition of these two enzymes in the biochemical biosynthetic pathway of heme. This inhibition leads to mostly ALA and some protoporphyrin IX accumulating in urine. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, fatigue irritability and developmental disability in children.} | The illustration of heme synthesis at the bottom of page 434 should contain the enzyme ALA dehydratase in the step from aminolevulinic acid to porphobilinogen; ALA dehydrogenase is incorrect. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Good catch, this is correct, also verified on UTD. CC | | | | Amir | Bagheri | contactamirbagheri@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 476 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | Liu, G., Sil, D., Maio, N. et al. Heme biosynthesis depends on previously unrecognized acquisition of iron-sulfur cofactors in human amino-levulinic acid dehydratase. Nat Commun 11, 6310 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20145-9 | One of the enzymes of the synthesis of the heme group (FA 2021) is: "ALA dehydrogenase" (eliminates a hydrogen ion); instead, in all the literatures this enzyme is refer to as "ALA dehydratase" (removes a molecule of water). I suggest to change the name of this enzyme as the prior version of FA 2020. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Lisnaldy | Ramirez | lisnaldIramirez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 477 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | N/A | heme synthesis mnemonic: ''Some Good Angels, Palpate Hearts Under Chest Procedures"' & porphyrias: AIT= deAminase PCT=deCarboxylase | Mnemonic | Verified | Very wordy for the information it is trying to convey -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Paola | Cuadrado | paola.cuadrado@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 478 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221906938_ALAD_d-aminolevulinic_Acid_Dehydratase_as_Biosensor_for_Pb_Contamination | The enzyme ALA dehydrogenase in the drawing below should be Ala dehydratase AND IT SHOULD NOT BE DRAWN IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE IN FACT IT IS A CYTOPLASMIC ENZYME so it should be written in the cytoplasmic part of the drawing | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Saif M. | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 479 | 436 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Heparin | None required | Unfractionated HEPARin undergoes HEPAR (hepatic) clearence (hepar is latin for liver). | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject - SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Boran | Katunaric | bh3.kat@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 480 | 436 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Platelet disorders | not needed | Bernard-Soulier : Big platelets (both starting with B), instead of large platelets | Mnemonic | Verified | Simple change that may be helpful. I'm in favor. --CK | I think this could be helpful as well. I know there is another resource (I believe it may be Pathoma) that mentions "big suckers" for the "big platelets" seen in Bernard-Soulier. - JR | This was already implemented in Annotate, duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 481 | 436 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Thrombotic microangiopathies | https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura | FART'N "Fever, Anemia (hemolytic), Renal dysfunction, Thrombocytopenia, Neurological dysfunction" | Mnemonic | Verified | May detract from the important triad of symptoms, key to recognize. -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abdulla | Jabr | 17221081@rcsi.com | |||||||||||||
| 482 | 436 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | NEW FACT | first aid 2020 427 | Bernard - Soulier syndrome and Glanzman thrombasthenia occur in alphabetical order ( B comes first so does gp1b adhesion),then G comes ( gp2b3a) | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject, rather weak mnemonic --CK | I think this might take up a bit of space for an addition that's not all that helpful. - JR | Agree, not a fan of this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | avijot singh | sohi | avijot.sohi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 483 | 436 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | NEW FACT | no reference | (B)ernard-Soulier- GpI(b)= the dirst letter is (b) / Gl(a)nzman-GpIIb/III(a)= third letter is (a) | Mnemonic | Verified | While this could be helpful for some, I don't think it's strong enough to merit emphasis in First Aid. --CK | the concept is very high yield and has been placed in FA with good attention to detail. However the mnemonic suggested didn't come out well. So agreeing to reject. PS | Way too convoluted IMHO. Agree with rejection. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Fahri | Gokcal | fahridr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 484 | 437 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Amino acids | not needed | Facto V Leiden deficiency --> in the book it says it is a guanine --> adenine substitution however that is incorrect it is guanine--> arginine. | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject per editors. -SE | Not an erratum. We correctly list the specific *DNA* point mutation, which in term leads to an *AMINO ACID* change resulting in the mutation (involving arginine). Student appears to be confusing DNA bases with amino acids. No change is needed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Zuzana | Magdolen | zmagdolen@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 485 | 437 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Hereditary thrombophilias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534802/ | Add "replacement of arginine with glutamine at amino acid 506" in brackets beside Arg506Gln mutation in order to aid in a better understanding of such fact. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree, this is a very standardized way to imply this information. -SE | I think that the way it is currently notated makes sense. If anything, to take up less space, could consider something along the lines of "Arg506 --> Gln". I could be wrong, but I thought that this notation ("Arg506Gln") was used elsewhere in the book as well, so we should keep it uniform. - JR | OK to consider for FA2022 inclusion. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Felicia | Bonner-Reid | felicia.t.bonner@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 486 | 437 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2202749-overview | Mentioning that "Neonatal purpura fulminans is associated with a hereditary deficiency of the anticoagulants protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III" for Protein C or S deficiency | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This may be more relevant currently? I've never encountered this pathology on an exam, not sure how HY it is -SE | I had not been aware of this condition, but it may be worth including, since it shouldn't take up a whole lot of space. Per UpToDate (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/evaluation-of-purpura-in-children?search=neonatal%20purpura%20fulminans&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~10&usage_type=default&display_rank=1): "Neonatal purpura fulminans usually occurs on the first day of life and is caused by congenital severe deficiency of protein C or protein S. Affected infants present with ecchymoses, extensive venous and arterial thromboses, laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and extremely low levels of protein C antigen (less than 1 percent of normal). Administration of exogenous protein replacement (Protein C concentrate or fresh frozen plasma) appears to be critical for the treatment of neonatal purpura fulminans, while heparin and antiplatelet agents are ineffective." - JR | OK to consider for FA2022 inclusion. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Christina | Pil | buyoung.pil@einsteinmed.org | |||||||||||||
| 487 | 439 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/203085-overview#a6 (Fact is also supported by Robbins Basic Pathology, tenth edition, 2018, p. 469 as it mentions that mantle cell lymphoma "occurs mainly in men older than 50 years of age" | It's mentioned that mantle cell lymphoma primarily affects male adults. This can be misleading as it can reflect the fact that mantle cell lymphoma occurs in adults through out all ages equally. This is not true such that while mantle cell lymphoma can occur at any age, its median age of presentation is 68 years. Suggestion is to change "adults" into "older adults." | Clarification to current text | Verified | I do agree that this may cause learners to more closely relate this to middle-aged adults, however the intention of this column in the context of the page is to distinguish children vs. adults. No revision needed in my opinion. -SE | I think the way it currently reads is not misleading; it simply states, as Matt said, that it's more common in males than females. It may not hurt to just put in parenthesis "median age of presentation 68", just so that students may be less inclined to include it in the differential in the case of a vignette involving a younger male, but I do not know how absolutely necessary it is. - JR | All we state is that is arises more commonly in adult males than adult females. Which is true. Incident is about 75% male and 25% female (see UTD: "Clinical manifestations, pathologic features, and diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma"). I don't think knowing anything more specific than that would necessarily be helpful, although we can non-urgently consider updating the epidemiology for FA 2022. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ibrahim | Omer | ibraheem.a.omer@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 488 | 439 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | None | Diffuse Large *B*-*c*e*l*l lymphoma has mutations in *Bcl*-2 and *Bcl*-6 | Mnemonic | Verified | Confusing -SE | Unnecessary. Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abdulrhman | Alghamdi | abdulalghamdi94@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 489 | 439 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | Not needed | Burkitt lymphoma is associated with a hallmark starry sky appearance: StarBurst (Starry sky – Burkitt lymphoma) | Mnemonic | Verified | I can see some people finding this helpful. --CK | Makes sense. Agreed. PS | If you both like it, I would be on board. One of the better mnemonics I have seen thus far. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 490 | 440 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Plasma cell dyscrasias | . | Multiple Myeloma Clinical Features Mnemonic: PYRAMIDS. P (Punched-out lytic bone lesions on x-ray),Y, R (Rouleaux formation),A [AL (1° Amyloidosis)],M (M spike on serum protein electrophoresis),I [Ig light chains in urine (Bence Jones protein)],D [Date ( “clock‑face” chromatin )],S (Susceptibility to infection) | Mnemonic | Verified | Associations aren't strong enough -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Doğan Şevki | Kalamanoğlu | dogankalaman@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 491 | 440 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia?search=waldenstrom&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~91&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | WaldenströM MacroglobulineMia -> M spike -> IgM | Mnemonic | Verified | This isn't that helpful. Reject. --CK | Agreeing to reject. PS | Not a fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oscar | Gomez | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 492 | 442 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Leukemias | https://web.archive.org/web/20190616072445/http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/cdphobia/cdphobia.html | These two flow charts illustrate very well the CD marker expression used for diagnosis of leukemias and lymphomas. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We do already have the markers listed for CLL/SLL. It might be worth adding in for hairy cell leukemia, but I am not sure that we need to go into this much detail. - JR | I would say that is all very much beyond scope. Flow cytometry for hematological malignancy diagnosis is a Heme/Onc (or HemePath) level of material! Very unlikely to be tested signiifcantly at the Step 1 level. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Andrea | Lorenzi | lorenziand@live.it | ||||||||||||||
| 493 | 444 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Chromosomal translocations | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview#a6 | t(8;21) : AML (good prognosis) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I'm dubious that this is actually HY given that t(15;17) is so commonly tested. --CK | I have never seen this level of detail tested before on any USMLE exam, but I suppose it's always possible that it could pop up. There is a chart on UpToDate (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/overview-of-acute-myeloid-leukemia-in-adults?search=aml&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H1181778084) which lists characteristics of favorable, intermediate, and adverse prognoses; I will attach the file to this row. - JR | This is true, 8;21 mutated AML does carry a better prognosis and these patients can sometimes defer bone marrow transplants after their chemotherapy. But that is very highly unlikely to be tested at the Step 1 level. Moreover, there are many other mutations we do not even cover (eg, FLT3) that also have significant clinical and prognostic relevance. The only one we cover that is high yield is PML/RARA. Unless AML mutations become more testable, I favor not including this. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 494 | 444 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | FA 2021 | Langerhans cell histiocytosis: he plays “100” times with “tennis rackets” to get a “CD-1” from “mesoderm”. | Mnemonic | Verified | Don't think this is overly helpful -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehrbod | Vakhshoori | mehrbod10@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 495 | 444 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-pathologic-features-and-diagnosis-of-langerhans-cell-histiocytosis | It’s written that it’s proliferative disorders of langerhans cells but in fact LCH is so named because the morphology and immunophenotype of the pathologic cells resemble Langerhans cells, which are specialized dendritic cells found in the skin and mucosa. However, LCH is derived from myeloid progenitor cells from the bone marrow, and is not derived from the Langerhans cell of the skin. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not positive on this, have found a few varying sources, mainly saying it is a proliferation of CD1+ Langerhans cells. Would defer to expert opinion. | Based on UpToDate (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/clinical-manifestations-pathologic-features-and-diagnosis-of-langerhans-cell-histiocytosis?search=lch&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1), it seems as though the pathologic LCH cells are described as myeloid dendritic cells, distinct from usual Langerhans cells in the skin (there does seem to be confusion as to whether the normal physiologic Langerhans cells in the skin more closely resemble macrophages or dendritic cells - I am posting an image to this row describing this). I am unsure how likely this would be to appear in a question, but of course I know we want to be factually accurate. I do not find the current text to be misleading in any way. One possibility is to re-word it so that it says "proliferative disorder of cells that resemble Langerhans cells". - JR | Defer to Matt. CC I don't think this is an erratum, but rather, may simply be in need minor of clarification. The student is correct that the cancer does not arise from normal, healthy skin-dwelling Langerhans cells, but rather bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells (as all dendritic cells do). However, the proliferating cells are virtually identical to healthy Langerhans cells, with the major differentiating factor being that they do not perform their typical immune system function and, as they accumulate, they can lead to organ damage. There is a healthy debate about how to classify this disorder. Some consider it a cancer (eg, many harbor clonal BRAF driver mutations), whereas others classify it as a bizarre reactive process (eg, smokers can develop a lung-predominant form that can resolve with smoking cessation alone). In any case, I am not convinced that the text here needs updating, as when I read the fact text, I do not see specific mention of pathogenic Langerhans cells originating from the skin, which the student claims we erroneously state. Perhaps we could add some content about the cells proliferating in locations that are atypical for Langerhans cells? Worth considering, but even if the fact remained as it is, I do not think there is anything that leads to a strong fundamental misunderstanding here. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 496 | 444 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | FA p. 228 and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6524701/ | Mentions "cells express S-100 (mesodermal origin)" but I believe the site of origin for cells expressing S-100 is neural crest cells, which would be ECTODERM, as mentioned in FA p. 228 (Important immunohistochemical stains). Note, I saw someone tried submitting this already and it was marked gray but please consider again - perhaps they didn't specify the right section. These two pages in FA contradict so one is either wrong or needs clarification | Minor erratum | Verified | Perhaps it's worth clarifying on pg 228 that S-100 is not exclusively associated with neural crest cells? Students keep getting confused about this. --CK | Agree with CK. -PS | Yes, this is the neverending erratum! I will propose that we simply delete the text in parentheses under this fact. Students can refer to the pathology chapter to find out what S-100 is. I will add an annotation there. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | |||||||||||||
| 497 | 444 | Hematology and Oncology | Lymphocytes | Serum tumor markers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354916/ | S100 mesodermal origin tumor marker which is wrong. It’s neural crest | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree with Matt--S100 is often associated w/ neural crest but can be found in other cell lineages too. Reject. --CK | Not an erratum. S100 is neural crest associated, yes, but it can also be identified in cells not of neural crest origin, such as Langerhans cells (which are derived from mesoderm). -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | sakshi | prasad | sakshiprasad8@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 498 | 445 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Heparin | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600013/ | Treatment for HIT type 2 is direct thrombin inhibitors (argatroban, dabigatran, bivalirudin). My suggested mnemonic is DIRECT HIT for quick recall of an alternate non-heparin anticoagulant. | Mnemonic | Verified | While this is an easy mnemonic, I don't think it's necessarily that helpful since you have to be able to know which meds are DOACs. --CK | Not a fan of this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Christopher | Abdo | abdoc@email.arizona.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 499 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Rotator cuff muscles | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rotator-cuff-tendinopathy?search=rotator%20cuff%20anatomy§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H5&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~91&display_rank=1#H5 | Teres minor and Infraspinautus rotate Externally "TIE" | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Some students would need this mnemonic to remember muscles' action. Accepted. LC | If we have a suggestion on annotate we can consider, else not exactly helpful imo. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oleksandr | Sydoruk | sydoruk1405@icloud.com | |||||||||||||
| 500 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Rotator cuff muscles | My brain :D | Mnemonic to remember that subscapularis is related to internal rotation and adduction: "Please ADD more INto my SUBway sandwich" | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Some students would need this mnemonic to remember muscles' action. Accepted. LC | If we have a suggestion on annotate we can consider, else not exactly helpful imo. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sarah | Zubair | s.zubair@mua.edu | |||||||||||||
| 501 | 446 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Rotator cuff muscles | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physical-examination-of-the-shoulder?search=empty%20can%20test&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H11044410 | Supraspinatous tested by empty can test. "Empty can of sup (soup)". | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Some students would need a mnemonic to remember this. Accepted. LC | If we have a suggestion on annotate we can consider, else not exactly helpful imo. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ravi | Pandya | ravi.d.pandya@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 502 | 446 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Thrombolytics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rivaroxaban-drug-information?topicRef=8265&source=see_link | Direct Factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) drugs ending in -xaban, ban Xa | Mnemonic | Verified | Not necessary -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Wendy | Collins | wendy.adele.collins@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 503 | 446 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Warfarin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=EM%2F89478 | First line for rapid reversal of warfarin anticoagulation is Prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K. Because of its large volume requirement and the delay for blood compatibility tests, FFP is second line and is used only when PCC is not available. I think this should be clarified in the text. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think this suggestion is correct. --CK | I agree with CK the suggestion seems valid and can be considered migrating and discussing further. PS | My guess is that this distinction is low yield. It is true that PCC is preferred for its lower volume, but FFP is cheaper/more readily available. Thus, I suspect this distinction is beyond scope and would probably not worry about it. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | AISHA | ADIGUN | AISHA.ADIGUN91@YAHOO.COM | |||||||||||||
| 504 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Anticoagulation reversal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andexanet_alfa | Andexanet alfa is a reversal agent for direct factor Xa inhibitors. (an) indirect (de)coy of (Xa), thus direct inhibitors are (net)ted. | Mnemonic | Verified | This is too wordy, but perhaps simply putting AnDeXanet and "Decoy Xa" would work well...? --CK | Not very helpful. Reject. PS | Not a big fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Fahri | Gokcal | fahridr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 505 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Anticoagulation reversal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idarucizumab | Idarucizumab: (i)ntravenously given (da)bigatran (r)eversal agent to (u)n(c)over (i)nhibited factor (2)a (u)sing (m)onoclonal (a)nti(b)ody | Mnemonic | Verified | Too wordy, reject. --CK | Agree to reject. PS | Not a big fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Fahri | Gokcal | fahridr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 506 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cilostazol-drug-information?search=cilostazol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~33&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | Cilostazol mechanism of action: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase increases cAMP leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation. | Major erratum | Verified | Agreed -SE | Student is correct. On page 447 of FA 2021 (hematology/oncology), we incorrectly note that cAMP is decreased. It should in fact be increased secondary to PDE3 inhibition. This should be fixed, and included in the official errata. Reclassified as a major erratum. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Zaid | Alwarawrah | zaid_warawra@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 507 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Mechanism of action is mentioned to be inhibition of phosphodiesterase and thus decreasing cAMP. However, phosphodiesterase inhibitor function increases cAMP to decrease platelet aggregation. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Reject -SE | Duplicate. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Brea | Echard | brea.echard@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 508 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195739/ | Under phosphodiesterase blocker's mechanism of action. The correct mechanism should be Increased in cAMP which leads to cAMP dependent platelet inactivation. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sanket | Chaudhari | schaudhari@mail.sjsm.org | |||||||||||||||||
| 509 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8957237/ | Cilostazol increases cAMP since it blocks phosphodiesterase | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Shoaib | Khan | skhan05@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 510 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/cilostazol | Cilastazol, dipyridamole increase cAMP in cell. in 2021 book it says cAMP is decreased. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Anika | Barua | 29dewdrops@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 511 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.dynamed.com/drug-monograph/cilostazol#GUID-D80301DD-22E6-42C2-92DF-30733148C335 | Cilostazol and dipyridamole are phosphodiesterase inhibitors that INCREASE levels of cAMP in platelets. FA 2021 incorrectly states that these drugs decrease cAMP levels in platelets.. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Christina | Kallik | christina.kallik@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 512 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | First Aid for Step 1 (2021 edition) Page 249 | Dipyridamole increases cAMP in platelets | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Ayushi | Mistry | ayushimistry96@outlook.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 513 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www-uptodate-com.huaryu.kl.oakland.edu/contents/cilostazol-drug-information?search=cilostazol&topicRef=1086&source=see_link#F151413 | You state that cilostazol and dipyrimadole decrease cAMP in platelets. They actually increase cAMP. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Megan | Moore | meganmoore2@oakland.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 514 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8957237/ | on the book it say increase but it should be (decrease cAMP on the platelet inhibitor) | Mnemonic | Duplicate | | | | Alex | Midani | axmidani@aol.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 515 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136 | Cilostazol, dipyridamole Block phosphodiesterase and increase cAMP in platelets, not decrease | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Basak | Basbayraktar | basakbasbayraktar@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 516 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | Sudo, Toshiki, Hideki Ito, and Yukio Kimura. "Phosphorylation of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) by the anti-platelet drug, cilostazol, in platelets." Platelets 14.6 (2003): 381-390. | Cilostazol, dipyridamole: Block phosphodiesterase leading to increased [NOT decreases] cAMP in platelets | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Abdol Aziz | Ould Ismail | aoo12@my.fsu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 517 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antiplatelet-therapy-for-the-secondary-prevention-of-ischemic-stroke?search=cilostazol&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~28&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | Under Antiplatelets for Cilostazol, dipyridamole it describes the mechanism as decreasing (downward arrow) cAMP in platelets, however they actually increase cAMP leading to decrease platelet aggregation. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Harrison | Davis | tuh27804@temple.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 518 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6356465/ | It states that dipyridamole decreases cAMP in platlets, but that is incorrect. cAMP would be increased. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Taylore | Brooks | taylore.rose.brooks@live.mercer.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 519 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Cilostazol inhibits phosphodiesterase III, causing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to increase, which in turn inhibits platelet aggregation | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Daniel | Shostak | danshost@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 520 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559276/ | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors row reads: (forgive me that the arrows will not paste into this space): “Block phosphodiesterase (horizontal arrow) (down arrow) cAMP in platelets.” I believe it should say “increases (up arrow)” cAMP levels. Honestly, this is a “honest” mistake (assuming I am correct)—because phosphodiesterase enzymes do decrease cAMP in platelets—but inhibiting or blocking those enzymes, increases cAMP in platelets. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | John | Barba II | johncarlbarba2@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 521 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | not needed | Under PDE inhibitors (cilostazol and dipyridamole) it says that blockage of PDE leads to a decrease in cAMP but it should be Increase in cAMP, which then in tern leads to decrease in platelet aggregation | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | zuzana | magdolen | zmagdolen@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 522 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/#:~:text=Mechanism%20of%20Action&text=Cilostazol%20exerts%20its%20action%20by,in%20platelets%20and%20blood%20vessels. | The two antiplatelets, cilostazol and dipyridamole, are said to “block phosphodiesterase” which “decreases cAMP in platelets”. While it is true that they block phosphodiesterase, I believe that the result should be an increase in cAMP in platelets because phosphodiesterase breakdown cAMP. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Akil | Augustus | akil.augustus@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 523 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136 | Hello, for page 447 of First aid, you said Cilostazol and dipyradimole decreases Camp but it increase the camp bacuseuse the phosphodiesterase is inhibitied. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Mofe | Adeosun | mofeadeosun@live.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 524 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Phosphodiesterase is responsible for degrading cAMP. For this reason, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as Cilostazol and Dipyridamole cause an increase in cAMP in platelets, instead of a decrease, as per FIRST AID 2021. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Guilherme | Goncalves | guileiteb@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 525 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Cilostazol and dipyridamole block phosphodiesterase → increasing cAMP (↑ cAMP) instead of decreasing cAMP in platelets. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Jeremi Moises | Piantini Rijo | jeremipr001@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 526 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406951_4 | Cilostazol, dipyridamole: Block phosphodiesterase --> INCREASE (not decrease) cAMP in platelets. Increase in cAMP leads to activation protein kinase A which subsequently prevents platelets aggregation. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Zahraa | Rahal | zahraarahal@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 527 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | . | Regarding Cilostazol and Dipyridamole .. the arrow before cAMP should be going up not down | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Mohamed | Gamal | mohamed_gamal9788@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 528 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Section states that Cilostazol and Dipyridamole block phosphodiesterase causing a decrease in cAMP in platelets. It should state that there is an increase in cAMP | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Elle | Nuttall | ellenuttall@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 529 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8957237/ | Cilostazol and Dipyridamole increase cAMP | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Rashid | Abdel-Razeq | rashidrazeq@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 530 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/platelet-biology?search=Cilostazol%20camp&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~130&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Block phosphodiesterase "increases" cAMP in platelets, instead of "decrease" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Siyu | Niu | siyuniu1990@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 531 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://next.amboss.com/us/article/em0xeg?q=cilostazol#Z7d1a981f00b5c328a891d4c6d44b65fc. AND https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Cilostazol and dipyridamole increase cAMP (They don't decrease it as mentioned in First Aid 2021) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Qusai | Al Zureikat | qzureikat@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 532 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | Description says it decreases cAMP when it says it increases it on page 249. Also there is no mention of the vasodilator property which differentiates it from the other platelet inhibitors. NBME 27 uses this vasodilatory effect to hint they are referring to Cilostazol compared to other anti-platelet inhibitors; not knowing this, I got the question wrong. I would like to save future students from making the same mistake. | I found in the 2021 version of First Aid on page 447, Cilostazol is said to have decreased cAMP in platelets when it is actually increased. I also noticed that the previous year's version did not have this error, instead it said that cAMP was increased and the drug also caused vasodilation. This is vital information that I think should be added back into next years book. I took NMBE practice test 27 yesterday and one of the questions asked for a platelet inhibitor that also vasodilates. The vasodialatory action of this drug is unique and key to differentiating this drug from others. I think the cAMP mistake should be fixed as well as adding the vasodilatory property should be added back to prevent others from getting this question and others like it wrong like I did. Thank you. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | | | | Hannah | Terlep | imahappycamperrr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 533 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/circj/72/11/72_CJ-08-0289/_pdf | Incorrectly states that Cilostazol inhibition of phosphodiesterase "DECREASES" cAMP in platelets. Not true, according to page 249, which states cilostazol INCREASES cAMP. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Aimee | Tran | aatran@uams.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 534 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/ | Under the mechanism of action of Clistazol/Dipyridamole it is listed as a decrease in cAMP in the platelets. Blockage of PDE leads to an increase in cAMP in the platelets which is responsible for the anti-platelet action. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already on errata for discussion -SE | Per Sean. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Manraj | Sra | manrajsra@aiims.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 535 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Cilostazol/dipyridamole are phosphodiesterase inhibitors, which leads to increased cAMP in platelets which further inhibits platelet aggregation.” Whereas the first aid 2021 on page 447 under topic antiplatelets, quotes that phosphodiesterase inhibitors like cilostazol *decrease cAMP in platelets*. This is a major error and can lead to significant loss of scores of a student. Kindly rectify it asap | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Dr | Madhu Sudan | mohittanvar@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 536 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cilostazol-drug-information?search=cilostazol%20MOA&topicRef=1577&source=see_link#F151413 | Cilostazol, dipyridamole ; Phosphodiesterase inhibitor increases cAMP in platelets. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Bharosha | Bhattarai | drbharoshabhattarai@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 537 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www-uptodate-com.rossuniversity.idm.oclc.org/contents/cilostazol-drug-information?search=cilostazol%20moa&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~31&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F151413 | As written, "Cilostazol and dipyridamole MOA is by Blocking phosphodiesterase which DECREASES cAMP in platelets." This is incorrect as an inhibition of PDE3 leads to an INCREASE in cAMP in platelets and blood vessels | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Steven | Iglesias | stevenanthony0321@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 538 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Cilostazol and Dipyrimadole block phosphodiestrerase which INCREASES cAMP. The text says it "DECREASES cAMP" | Minor erratum | Verified | This is already being worked-up/corrected. --CK | Agree, duplicate (already addressed). -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Andrew | Moya | doc.a.moya1@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 539 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2014.04.027 | The mechanism of Cilostazol & Dipyridamole; Block PDE which would increase cAMP in platelet (not decrease cAMP as written in the text ) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Solomon | Ayua | solomonayua@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 540 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/ | the cAMP increases by bocking the phosphodiesterase not decreases as it is written | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Bara'a | Dweik | baradweik00@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 541 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | Block phosphodiesterase cAMP in platelets: Isn't it supposed to be that it increases cAMP levels?... that is how it is explained also in the Express video. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Carolina | Alcantara | cgah1090@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 542 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | Dipyridamole is stated to inhibit phosphodiesterase increasing cAMP which impairs platelet aggregation in the PDE drug chapter. However on page 447 it states that dipyridamole decreases cAMP. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | K | P | kparashar290@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 543 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | Inhibition of phosphodiesterase causes Increased cAMP and activation of PKA not decreased cAMP as written here. " The inhibition of PDE3 allows for a rise in cAMP in platelets and blood vessels. Increased concentrations of cAMP subsequently lead to increased concentrations of the active form of protein kinase A (PKA), and increased PKA is directly related to the inhibition of platelet aggregation.[5]" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/#:~:text=Mechanism%20of%20Action&text=Cilostazol%20exerts%20its%20action%20by,in%20platelets%20and%20blood%20vessels. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Helia | Aghassi | helia.aghassi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 544 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | Typo - This should say leads to INCREASED cAMP (here in this page, it says mechanism of action leads to decreased cAMP). In another page here, page 249, this information is correct. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Marichelle | Pita | mpita@nyit.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 545 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Coagulation disorders | Cilostazol exerts its action by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity and suppressing cAMP degradation. The inhibition of PDE3 allows for a rise in cAMP in platelets and blood vessels. | Cilostazol marked wrong as decrease in cAMP, while it decreases degradation of cAMP, thus increasing cAMP | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | RITU | CHOWDHRY | drritusingh1@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 546 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cilostazol-drug-information?search=cilostazol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~33&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | Cilostazol mechanism of action: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase increases cAMP leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation.....my previous submission had wrong page no. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Zaid | Alwarawrah | zaid_warawra@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 547 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=cilostazol&sp=0&searchType=PLAIN_TEXT&source=USER_INPUT&searchControl=TOP_PULLDOWN&searchOffset=1&autoComplete=true&language=&max=0&index=1~6&autoCompleteTerm=cils | Cilostazol, dipyridamole Block phosphodiesterase by increasing cAMP not decreasing cAMP. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Karan | Kumar | karankumarlarai@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 548 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6356465/ | There is a mistake in the mechanism of action of cilastazole, dipyridamole. it should increase cAMP rather than decreasing it because its phosphodiesterase inhibitor. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sumeet | Kumar | dr.sumeetchhabra@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 549 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8957237/ | In the 2021 version, it reads that Cilostazol & dipyridamole decrease cAMP in platelets when in fact they increase. Note: it is correct in 2020 but not 2021 | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Marina | Ibrahim | mjibrahim310@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 550 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxylocal/contents/platelet-biology?search=cilostazol%20MOA&source=search_result&selectedTitle=5~33&usage_type=default&display_rank=4 | It should read "block phosphodiesterase leading to an increase in cAMP in platelets" not a decrease in cAMP, it is also already correctly stated this way on page 272 | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Victoria | Coutin | vickycolita@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 551 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | Sketchy Micro and Google | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors increase cAMP in platelets | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Olen | Haseman | ojhaseman@outlook.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 552 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | In the Antiplatelet drugs: cilostazol, dipyridamole, the mechanism of these drugs there is written as phosphodiesterase blocking leading to decreased level of cAMP. But I think there should have been "increased level of cAMP". | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Santosh | Thapa | sntsh2004@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 553 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01166 | The text says that cilostazol decreases cAMP in platelets by blocking phosphodiesterase. However cilostazol increases cAMP in platelets by blocking phosphodiesterase, which leads to inhibition of platelet aggregation. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Kathy | Benson | doofeedoo@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 554 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/ | Cilostazol is a phopshodiesterase inhibitor and thus should increase cAMP, contrary to what stated in this page | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | sakshi | prasad | sakshiprasad8@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 555 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | Check any other med resource. | It says that cilostazol and dipyridamole block phosphodiesterase and decrease cAMP in platelets. That’s not true. It increases cAMP and therefore blocks platelet aggregation | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Cheneisse | Simmons | Cheneisse@gnail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 556 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://www-uptodate-com.naharia-ez.medlcp.tau.ac.il/contents/platelet-biology?search=dipyridamol§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H25&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=5~107&display_rank=5#H25 | Dipyridamole (Phosphodiesterase inhibitor) *increase* and not decrease the levels of cAMP in the platelets. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | David | Aminov | david353aminov@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 557 | 447 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | NEW FACT | Brachial plexus on p448 | The axillary nerve is one of the branches of the posterior cord (same as the radial nerve/C5-T1). Since the posterior cord comes from all posterior divisions of C5-T1, why the roots of axillary nerve are particularly C5-C6? | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 558 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | First Aid 2020 Pg 246; UpToDate "Cilostazol: Drug information": https://www-uptodate-com.dartmouth.idm.oclc.org/contents/cilostazol-drug-information/print?search=cilostazol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~34&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | first Aid 2021 says "Block phosphodiesterase decrease cAMP in platelets" while first Aid 2020 says " In platelets: increase cAMP"; can you clarify which one is correct and/or why there was a change? | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | John | Rafael | johnrafael95@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 559 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | Refer to page 249 in first aid 2021 | Cilostazol and dipyridamole increase camp concentration in platelets | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Renuka | Verma | docrenuka6@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 560 | 448 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Motoneuron action potential to muscle contraction | Not needed | I band is thIn, A band is fAt, M line is in the Middle (Zs and Hs are embedded in their respective shape) | Mnemonic | Verified | I like it, it can be useful. Accepted. LC After BA's comment, I moved this mnemonic on Annotate. LC | Nice mnemonic. Accepted. BA | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Odeya | Barayev | odeyabarayev@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 561 | 449 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antitumor antibiotics | first aid book 2021 pg 42 | Dactinomycin inhibits RNA polymerase in eukaryotes and prokaryotes | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree with Editor, seems low yield and would detract from the main MOA -SE | Per UpToDate (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/dactinomycin-drug-information?search=dactinomycin&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~51&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F156359), "Dactinomycin binds to the guanine portion of DNA intercalating between guanine and cytosine base pairs inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis and protein synthesis". Therefore, I think the way that we currently have it stated is accurate. - JR | Seems like the consideration of additional information that I suspect is very low yield. But we can certainly consider non-urgently for FA 2022. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 562 | 449 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antitumor antibiotics | https://www.drugs.com/mtm/bleomycin.html | Bleomycin remembered as BleoLYSIN (causing break in DNA strands) to differentiate it from Busulfan, which is an ULKylating agent.. | Mnemonic | Verified | Don't feel its worthwhile to have mnemonics for specific medications -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Per Sean. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jean | Medina | jmedina1@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 563 | 451 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Actions of hip muscles | N/A | What are the muscles used to flex the hip? (Tensor fascia lata, Rectus femoris, Iliosopas, Pectineus, and Sartorius) – "Felix TRIPS when he doesn't flex his hip muscles" | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Not particularly helpful or HY. Reject. -PY | Not easy mnemonic. Reject. LC | If we have a suggestion on annotate we can consider, else not exactly helpful imo. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Dylan | Smith | smith2983@marshall.edu | |||||||||||||
| 564 | 451 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Alkylating agents | First Aid | Adverse effects of triazenes (Procarbazine) can be remembered as follows (mnemonic letters are capitalized): Procarbazine and Dacarbazine Treat lymphoma but cause Leukemia (P - Pulmonary toxicity, D - Disulfiram-like reaction, T - tyramine-induced hypertensive crisis, L - Leukemia) | Mnemonic | Verified | I find this mnemonic a bit confusing. --CK | two concepts merged into a mnemonic may be confusing. not helpful. PS | Not a big fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | David | Gulisashvili | davidgulisashvili@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 565 | 451 | Renal | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations-of-struvite-stones | Struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate) kidney stones are shaped like a S-arcophagus | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this. Added to Annotate - Sylvia | I like it - JM | Clever. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Rafael | Torres | raffy1203@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 566 | 452 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Anticancer monoclonal antibodies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ipilimumab-drug-information?search=ipilimumab&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~104&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | Ipilimumab can lead to fatigue and aplastic anemia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Would reject - not HY to add fatigue as a side effect, and adds extra information learners feel responsible for memorizing -SE | On UpToDate (https://www-uptodate-com.libproxy2.upstate.edu/contents/ipilimumab-drug-information?search=ipilimumab&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~114&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F12706600), aplastic anemia is listed as occurring at a rate of <1%, so as Matt said, it is very rare. I do agree that fatigue is not worth mentioning. - JR | Not a huge fan of either suggestion (fatigue is caused by just about any cancer treatment, and aplastic anemia is extremely rare relative to other issues such as colitis or pneumonitis). However, open to considering for FA2022 inclusion. -Matt | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Zaid | Alwarawrah | zaid_warawra@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 567 | 452 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Tamoxifen | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/managing-the-side-effects-of-tamoxifen-and-aromatase-inhibitors?search=tamoxifen-drugs-&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H4 | Tamoxifen an its adverse thromboembolic events: Thromboxifen | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't find this helpful (easier to remember it's effects on estrogen, which. is thromboembolic). --CK | Agree its not helpful. inclined to reject. PS | Not a big fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oscar | Gomez | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 568 | 452 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Topoisomerase inhibitors | Mnemonics do not need any reference i guess. | “I (I, roman 1) can push you to (II) side” With highlighting ‘can’ and ‘side’ as name of topoisomerase 1 inhibitors are Irinotecan and topotecan which have -can in their ends so it’s a way to remember that 1 inhibitors are those which have ‘can’ in their end. Similarly for etoposide and teniposide which are topoisomerase 2 inhibitors and have -side in their end. As the boards ask directly names of 1 and 2 inhibitors, this mnemonic can help us to remember the examples straight in our mind. | Mnemonic | Verified | Not sure about this, the phrase "I can push you to side" doesn't make sense to me. --CK | Not a big fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nikhil | Gaur | in.nikhil.gaur@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 569 | 452 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | first aid 442 | topoisomerase 2 inhibitors ( etoposide and teniposide ) both have 2 i | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject--weak/inaccurate mnemonic. --CK | Agree to reject. PS | Not a big fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | avijot singh | sohi | avijot.sohi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 570 | 453 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Anticancer small molecule inhibitors | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606625/ | Erlotinib, and other EGFR inhibitors are also used for Glioblastoma, Breast and Prostate cancer. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject per editor -SE | Agree to reject. --CK | Definitely not the case in routine clinical practice. At best, this is only done on a clinical trial basis. As a result, I would strongly advise against including this in the book. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jean | Medina | jeancmedina22@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 571 | 453 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Anticancer small molecule inhibitors | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1044579X20302686 | Imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib can cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism as an adverse effect | Clarification to current text | Verified | LY. Reject. --CK | Agreeing to reject. PS | Can happen, but is very rare. Agree this is low yield and would reject. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oscar | Gomez Villaseñor | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 572 | 457 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1141515-overview | Ulnar nerve lesion does not affect the thumb. First aid 2021 mentions ulnar nerve lesion causes thumb adduction. | Major erratum | Verified | Deep branch of ulnar n innervates adductor pollicis m, which adducts thumb. Reject. -PY | This isn't wrong. Adductor policies is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Ref: https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/adductor-pollicis-muscle -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sameer | Bhimani | sameerbhimani94@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 573 | 458 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | https://step1.medbullets.com/msk/107018/brachial-plexus | "Remember To Drink Cold Beer" (Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches) instead of Randy Travis since its not so easy to remember the name for the mnemonic. | Mnemonic | Verified | I use this mnemonic. Accept. -PY | I also use this mnemonic. Accept. LC | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Fathima | Shaik | fshaik16@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 574 | 458 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-thoracic-outlet-syndromes#H455545323 | The trunks of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles while the subclavian vein courses anteromedial to the scalene triangle. Cervical ribs and anomalous first ribs may compress the scalene triangle. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Migrated to annotate. -PY | Okay to discuss in annotate. Author, please migrate. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sushil | Dahal | sushildahal23@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 575 | 460 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Distortions of the hand | Self | Mnemonic for nerve lesion if clinical presentation given. Patient presenting with either pope’s hand or okay sign. Use mnemonic dr claw (d- lesion distal,r-hand at rest,claw-damage to nerve suppling clawing fingers) and PAS(P- proximal lesion,A- actively making fist,S-damage to nerve suppling fingers which are straight ) | Mnemonic | Verified | Cumbersome and not very helpful. Reject. -PY | I find it also difficult to use it. Reject. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kanwarpreet singh | Sandhu | kanwarsandhu08@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 576 | 460 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Distortions of the hand | mnemonic | You can remember that a lesion of the ulnar nerve results in the "OK gesture" via the mnemonic "It's Ul good" because saying "its all good" is synonymous with saying "its ok" | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't find this mnemonic helpful. Reject. LC | The mnemonics isnt very simple to use. Rejected. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 577 | 461 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Actions of hip muscles | not needed | STRIP to flex. Highlight the first letter of each muscle and flex in flexors. | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Unnecessary. Reject. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hsinyu | Yin | hsinyu94@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 578 | 462 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Lower extremity nerves | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/meralgia-paresthetica-lateral-femoral-cutaneous-nerve-entrapment?search=meralgia%20paresthetica&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~23&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Meralgia paresthetica : Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve leads to tingling, numbness and burning pain in the outer part of the thigh. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrated to annotate. -PY | I think this is relevant for step1, some questions are testing it. I agree to add this. LC | We have room on page 463. I remember this for Step 2, let's add if crosschecking shows this is relevant for step 1 as well. - Connie Okay to add. I remember a question in the Step exam on this. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Zaid | Alwarawra | zaid_warawra@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 579 | 465 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | https://nyulangone.org/conditions/retinoblastoma-in-children/diagnosis https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/412746-overview#a1 | Retinoblastoma presents with high calcium deposits. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not helpful. Reject. -PY | LY info. Reject. LC | Path details here are LY. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 580 | 465 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Signs of lumbosacral radiculopathy | No need | Disc herniates into spinal canal (where the spina cord is )not into the central canal (which is in the spinal cord) | Minor erratum | Verified | Already in annotate. -PY | This is correct and the nomenclature is important. NOTE that this fact is on page 465 not 455. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-lumbosacral-radiculopathy-pathophysiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis - Connie | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | ERRATA - Minor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 581 | 465 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Neoplasia | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20953407/ | Ewing sarcoma previously was thought to be from neuroectodermal origin but now is confirmed that is a mesenchymal stem cell neoplasm. | Clarification to current text | Verified | UW says mesenchymal stem cell neoplasm (Ewing sarcoma was previously thought to be neuroectodermal in origin). Accept. -PY | On page 477. This is still being debated, there is another reader submission on this topic (and these haven't been the first). Based on the other submission, it looks like this topic has shown up on UW. Let's get faculty input on the most accurate way to present this information. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathology-and-molecular-genetics-of-the-ewing-sarcoma-family-of-tumors - Connie | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Diana | Espinal | espinaldiana@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 582 | 465 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-lumbosacral-radiculopathy-pathophysiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis#H24 | Straight leg raise, the contralateral straight leg raise, and the reverse straight leg raise (also referred to as femoral stretch) are positive in radicular pain. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Migrated to annotate. -PY | Okay to discuss in annotate. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sushil | Dahal | sushildahal23@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 583 | 467 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Types of skeletal muscle fibers | FA 2021 p467 | Please highlight "II" in "Type II" to match current mnemonic . | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reasonable change. Accept and migrating to Annotate. -PY | Agree with PY. Accept, LC | I think this suggestion is correct re: mnemonic treatment. Would want Emma etc to verify. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 584 | 468 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Muscle proprioceptors | FA 2021 p468 | Please remove highlight from ltter "l" in "length" because it dosen't match any mnemonic. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reasonable change. Accept and migrating to Annotate. -PY | Agree with PY. Accept. LC | I think this suggestion is correct re: mnemonic treatment. Would want Emma etc to verify. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 585 | 469 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | NEW FACT | Not needed | OsteoBlast Builds bone by secreting collagen and catalyzing mineralization in alkaline “Basic” (also starts with B same as osteoBlast) environment. OsteoClast dissolves (“crushes”) bone in “aCidic” environment (aCidic - osteoClast) | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Can be useful for some students maybe. Accepted. LC | Too cumbersome. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 586 | 470 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Wrist and hand injuries | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431063/ | Guyon canal syndrome is also associated with fracture / displacement of the hook of the hamate. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Page 457 already has ulnar n lesion due to fractured hook of hamate, but could reiterate. Migrating to annotate. -PY | I think it is good to reiterate the link between ulnar nerve/hook of hamate/Guyon canal syndrome. Accepted. LC | May be HY info. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 587 | 471 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common knee conditions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anterior-cruciate-ligament-injury?search=unhappy%20triad&topicRef=88813&source=see_link#H8 | It says unhappy triad is due to a "laterally directed force." This is not true. The unhappy triad is actually due to a medially-directed force on the lateral aspect of the leg (valgus force). I recommend having two legs visible (instead of one) in the accompanying diagram to further illustrate this. | Minor erratum | Verified | Disagree. -PY | Disagree with illustration changes. Defer to text editors for other changes. cc Disagree with text changes. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Chloe | Jensen | jensenc1@livemail.uthscsa.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 588 | 471 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common knee conditions | First Aid 2021p464 (has the definition of a valgus force) | The diagram for the Unhappy Triad is very confusing. In the description it says that the injury is due to a lateral directed valgus force on the planted foot, but the diagram shows an arrow representing the valgus force pushing on the knee in the medial direction (varus force). The foot is more laterally displaced then the knee but this diagram needs to be other corrected or show the valgus force not on the knee but instead on the foot. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Yash | Patel | yap7@cornell.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 589 | 471 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common knee conditions | No need | In the picture, the force is shown is varus not valgus. The whole picture should be changed because te force should be lateral (this force is medial and you can know that by observing the feet) | Major erratum | Verified | Disagree with this comment, the force is valgus, which you can clearly see in the zoom-in image of the knee. Can consider revision the photo of the leg to include the fibula to clarify- AX | Agree to clarify the picture. Maybe either include the other leg or only the short to easily identify which force it is. LC | Agree with revising figure to make details visible. -AC I agree that the current illustration doesn't make it super clear regarding which leg it is. Would be fine with clarifying (SJ) | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 590 | 471 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common knee conditions | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826792-clinical | Under unhappy triad the mention of the direction of force is incorrect, it is indeed a lateral force(as said in the 20th edition), but directed medially. You’ve updated the in 21st edition to say ‘laterally directed force’, which isn’t correct. To explain this is more commonly seen in footballers, where the injury is from the lateral aspect, towards the medial side of the body. So to speak it is a ‘valgus force’ which is medially directed. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Same comment as in the previous line. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Neil | Patel | neilpatel.tsl@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 591 | 471 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4717300/ | Inclusion of patellar fractures and its symptoms - Cannot extend knee against gravity. Patient develops acute swelling and a palpable gap in the extensor mechanism. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | HY for Step 2, potentially HY for Step 1. Accept? -PY | Agree HY for Step 2 for sure. It would be great to also add it here. Accept. LC | Was HY for my MRCS exam. Not sure if it is HY for USMLE. Defer to author comments. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nayanika | Cherian | nayanika.ann@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 592 | 471 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826792-clinical | Under unhappy triad the mention of the direction of force is incorrect, it is indeed a lateral force(as said in the 20th edition), but directed medially. You’ve updated the in 21st edition to say ‘laterally directed force’, which isn’t correct. To explain this is more commonly seen in footballers, where the injury is from the lateral aspect, towards the medial side of the body. So to speak it is a ‘valgus force’ which is medially directed. | Major erratum | Duplicate | This comment is already in the line 23. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Neil | Patel | neilpatel.tsl@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 593 | 472 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common musculoskeletal conditions | UW 19911 | Dupuytren Contracture - Condition caused by fibroblastic proloferation and thickening of the superficial palmar fascia. Tipically involves the fascia at thr base of the middle ring and little fingers. Unknown etiology; most frequently seen in males >50 years of Northern European Ancestry. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is HY. Accept. -PY | Agree HY. Accept. LC | I think we agreed to include this during the previous discussion for author selection. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Rakesh | Kumar | rksaran2010@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 594 | 473 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Childhood musculoskeletal conditions | https://firstaidteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2021_FAS1_Foreword-2.pdf | Lack of person-first language: "obese young adolescents" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 595 | 475 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteitis deformans | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC546434/ | Osteoclasts are markedly increased in number and size and can contain up to 100 nuclei. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not important. Reject. -PY | I agree this is LY info, but I also have this same extra note on my FA book so probably it was asked during a NBME. Maybe it is probably interesting to have it written there? LC | Number of nuclei is LY. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 596 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Embryologic derivatives | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathology-and-molecular-genetics-of-the-ewing-sarcoma-family-of-tumors/abstract/44 | Ewing Sarcoma is from mesenchymal stem cell neoplasm, from uptodate plus mentioned in UW | Minor erratum | Verified | My comment above: "UW says mesenchymal stem cell neoplasm (Ewing sarcoma was previously thought to be neuroectodermal in origin). Accept. -PY" | See similar submission above. This is still being debated, there is another reader submission on this topic (and these haven't been the first). Based on the other submission, it looks like this topic has shown up on UW. Let's get faculty input on the most accurate way to present this information. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathology-and-molecular-genetics-of-the-ewing-sarcoma-family-of-tumors - Connie" | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Mohammad | Hammouri | mohammad1051@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 597 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | FA itself | A mnemonic for osteosarcoma; think of osteo-SOCK-oma: Sunburst (x-ray), Osteosarcoma; Codman triangle, Knee (regio often affected) | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this! Accept and migrating to Annotate. -PY | Nice mnemonic. Accept. LC | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Talles | Pinheiro | talles1patrick@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 598 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathology-and-molecular-genetics-of-the-ewing-sarcoma-family-of-tumors/print | Anaplastic cells were previously thought to be of neuroectodermal origin but are of mesenchymal stem cell origin | Major erratum | Verified | This is a developing hypothesis, not a proven fact. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Shahed | Abusharar | Shahd.abusharar@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 599 | 478 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis | UW 7556 | Osteoarthritis presents with fissuring and flanking of the articular cartilage whereas Rheumatoid arthritis presents with SYNOVIAL HYPERPLASIA. Current text in first aid points the synovial hyperthrophy to the Ostheoarthritis diagram while on the Rheumatoid arthritis diagram is not mentioned. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I don't think the current illustration is wrong, but we could be more explicit with synovial hyperplasia in RA. Accept. -PY | I agree that more info can be added to the RA picture (synovial hyperplasia, subchondral cyst, joint space narrowing...) Accept. LC | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-left-side-is-a-comparison-diagram-of-normal-joints-and-rheumatoid-arthritis-RA_fig1_342855932 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0928493120310079 This seems like an appropriate revision. Looking at the Rheumatoid arthritis portion of the illustration, is it also possible the depiction of the cartilage was meant to depict synovial hyperplasia instead? Up for discusion (SJ) | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Rakesh | Kumar | rksaran2010@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 600 | 478 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis | First Aid | Bouchard nodes at PIP and Heberden nodes at DIP. (B is PROXIMAL to H in the alphabet) | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Unnecessary, already another nice mnemonic. Reject. LC | Rejected. Cumbersome. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Shanee | Navon | S.navon@ymail.com | |||||||||||||
| 601 | 478 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis | https://www-uptodate-com.rossuniversity.idm.oclc.org/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-felty-syndrome?search=felty%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H542650413 | Felty Syndrome: SANTA - Splenomegaly, Anemia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia, Arthritis (Rheumatoid) | Mnemonic | Verified | This mnemonic is for Felty syndrome, it allows a more complete description of this syndrome. Accept. LC | Rejected. Includes only neutropenia, spleenomegaly in RA.BA | Can migrate for discussion. -AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Marvi | Memon | marvimem@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 602 | 478 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis | no reference needed just a kind mnemonic suggestion | Osteoarthritis happens at the end of life, end of day and on end of fingers. Referring to the predisposing factor of age, its presentation usually after usage (end of day) and its affection of the DIP and PIP. | Mnemonic | Verified | Interesting way to remember it, it could be useful. Accept. LC After BA's comment, I moved it into Annotate. LC | Accepted. Can be useful to differentiate DIP involvement from RA too. BA | Can migrate for discussion. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 603 | 479 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1001073/ | Calcium pyrophosphate disease is associated with hypothyroidism | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The supporting reference is suggesting a study on this fact before accepting it, so this is not a confirmed fact. Reject. LC | Rejected. It hasnt still been establish. Conflicting evidence. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Griffin | Rechter | griffinrechter@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 604 | 479 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Gout | https://ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2709§ionid=225080698 | Von Gierkes diease has been listed as a cause of gout due to overproduction of uric acid, it should also be listed as under excertion. The hypoglycemia due to glucose 6 phosphatase deficency leads to lactic acidemia whcih competes with uric acid secretion at URAT1 transporter in the kidney. | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree with this. Accept. LC After BA's comment, I moved this change into Annotate. LC | Accepted. Both decreased renal clearance and overproduction contributes. BA | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Manraj Singh | Sra | manrajsra007@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 605 | 480 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Autoimmune blistering skin disorders | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23181864_Oral_lesions_in_patients_with_pemphigus_vulgaris_and_bullous_pemphigoid/figures?lo=1 | Pemigus Vulgaris occurs in middle-aged (not older adults) compared to bullous pemphigoid | Minor erratum | Verified | Clinical features are more important. Reject. -PY | Age is not a HY variable here. Reject. LC | Age is not a good differentiating factor for these two skin conditions. So many other clinical findings to focus on. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | FADIL | MOHAMMAD | FADIL-11@HOTMAIL.COM | |||||||||||||
| 606 | 480 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Autoimmune blistering skin disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-bullous-pemphigoid-and-mucous-membrane-pemphigoid | Mnemonic: “Bullous pemphigoid is like a bull. Bulls are heavy and strong.” Explanation: In Bullous pemphigoid (“Bulls”), IgG antibodies attack hemidesmosomes (“heavy” rhymes with “hemi”). Blisters are tense, not flaccid (they are “strong”). | Mnemonic | Verified | Cumbersome. Reject. -PY | Difficult mnemonic. Reject. LC | Rejected. Cumbersome. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jomar N. | Machuca Santiago | jomar.machuc@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 607 | 481 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Seronegative spondyloarthritis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/reactive-arthritis?search=Reactive%20Arthritis%20&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~141&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Reactive arthritis | Mnemonic | Verified | Sorry, I don't understand where is the mnemonic. LC | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Drashtant | Prajapati | drashtant21@icloud.com | ||||||||||||||
| 608 | 483 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | I'm not a Cat....I like Stonks | In Polymyositis (endomysial inflammation = muscles are deeper to skin "endo-") while in Dermatositis (perimysial inflammation = think of "Peri-" skin surrounds muscles also think "Derma = skin and we have 4 limbs so it's CD4+ mediated" | Mnemonic | Verified | Cumbersome. Reject. -PY | Difficult mnemonic. Reject. LC | Rejected. Cumbersome. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Attallah Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 609 | 484 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Vasculitides | DVF go Brrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr | Behcet syndrome is a Triad of U's: you can highlight U in each word with red aphthous "U"lcers genital "U"lcers "U"veitis | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Silly to use U twice for ulcers too. Reject. -PY | Not helpful. Reject. LC | Rejected. Cumbersome. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Attallah Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 610 | 484 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10817557/ | IL-6 is an important driver of inflammation in Giant cell (temporal) arteritis and correlates with disease activity. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Still being debated. Not likely to present in Step exams. -AC Ref: https://academic.oup.com/rheumap/article/3/1/rkz011/5486073 | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 611 | 484 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034467/#:~:text=Bilateral%2C%20nonexudative%20conjunctivitis%20typically%20begins,Rash%20tends%20to%20be%20polymorphic. | In Kawasaki Disease , Conjunctival injection should be changed to non exudative conjunctivitis | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrated to annotate. -PY | Agree. Accept. LC | Agreed. Move to annotate. Term to be used: "Bilateral, nonexudative bulbar conjunctivitis". -AC Ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161397/ | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Divya | Patel | impateldivya@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 612 | 484 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://pancreas.imedpub.com/hydropic-gallbladder-in-three-patients-with-poorly-controlled-diabetes-mellitus-what-constitutes-optimal-management.php?aid=4928 | Kawasaki Disease causes Hydropic Gall Bladder | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | LY. Reject. -PY | I agree, this is LY. Reject. LC | Not likely HY. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Divya | Patel | impateldivya@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 613 | 485 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | N/A | The immunofluorescence images of c-ANCA and p-ANCA can be differentiated by the fact that p-ANCA looks like popcorn (both start with a p) and c-ANCA is a shaped like a circle (both start with a c) | Mnemonic | Verified | Could be useful and easy to remember. Accept. LC | Can migrate for discussion. -AC Migrated to Annotate. LC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Chelsea | Johnson | cjohnson50@kumc.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 614 | 486 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Neuromuscular junction diseases | not needed | L comes before/pre M in the alphabet - Lambert-Eaton (L - presynaptic) - Myasthenia gravis (M - postsynaptic) | Mnemonic | Verified | Useful. Accepted. LC. Moved to annotate for discussion. | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 615 | 487 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Skin layers | no link needed | the deepest layer of the epidermis is called „Stratum basale“ not „stratum basalis“ -> stratum is a neuter noun, basale is the neuter form of the adjective basalis | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree. Accept. LC After BA's comment, I moved this erratum on Annotate. LC | Accepted. Basalis is more often used in relation to endometrial layer. BA | Okay. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jonathan | Schwaiger | jonathan.schwaiger@stud.pmu.ac.at | |||||||||||||
| 616 | 491 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Common skin disorders | Nelson AM, Zhao W, Gilliland KL, Zaenglein AL, Liu W, Thiboutot DM. Temporal changes in gene expression in the skin of patients treated with isotretinoin provide insight into its mechanism of action. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 May;1(3):177-87. doi: 10.4161/derm.1.3.8258. PMID: 20436886; PMCID: PMC2835911. | Acne treatment: Retinoids (work by normalizing keratinization and by decreasing epithelial cohesiveness) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | LY mechanism. Reject. -PY | Agree. Reject. LC | Mech of retinoids LY for all step exams. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tarek | Harb | tarek.harb.7@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 617 | 492 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Vascular tumors of skin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aids-related-kaposi-sarcoma-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=kaposi%20sarcoma&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H865064605 ///////// https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-treatment-and-prevention-of-bartonella-infections-in-persons-with-hiv?search=kaposi%20sarcoma&topicRef=5512&source=see_link#H28105043 /////////// https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ID%2F62100&topicKey=ID%2F16504&search=kaposi%20sarcoma&source=outline_link | The differentiation between Kaposi sarcoma and Bacillary angiomatosis IS NOT based on the types of cellular infiltrate, but rather with a Warthin-Starry stain proving Bartonella within the lesion. UpToDate & Robbins Pathology also mention that the histologic findings in Kaposi sarcoma are "whorls of spindle-shaped cells with LEUKOCYTIC infiltration and neovascularization with aberrant proliferation of small vessels", not lymphocytic only/always. Staining is way more reliable. | Major erratum | Verified | Seems like reasonable change and sources. Accept? -PY | I agree with this change. LC | Minor but we should change this for accuracy. For bacillary entry, can keep the frequently mistaken part, and replace the "neutrophili infiltrate" with the stain. For Kaposi, we can delete the last sentence on lymphocytic infiltrate. - Connie Changes per Connie. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nicolas | Curi Gawlinski | nicolascurii@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 618 | 492 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Vascular tumors of skin | none needed | strawberry vs cherry hemangioma age predilection - strawberry shortcake cartoon character (children) vs maraschino cherries (only for adults) | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. I actually find "strawberry hemangioma" more commonly referred to as "infantile hemangioma" on exams. Reject. -PY | Unnecessary. I also saw ''Capillary hemangioma'' instead of ''Strawberry hemangioma''. Reject. LC | Reject suggestion. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Freda | Malanyaon | dr.fredaqm@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 619 | 495 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Lower extremity ulcers | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=CARD%2F63577&topicKey=EM%2F6485&source=see_link | The explanation of a neuropathic ulcer is traditionally "punched out appearance", not arterial ulcers as stated in the current text. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. -PY | I accept too. LC | Seems accurate. Consider for correction.-AC Ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1127371/ https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=CARD%2F63577&topicKey=EM%2F6485&source=see_link https://teachmesurgery.com/vascular/presentations/ulcers/ | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jake | Quarles | quarles2@msu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 620 | 497 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Rule of 9’s | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/torso - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/assessment-and-classification-of-burn-injury#H759874080 | The word "torso" is a synonym for "trunk" and involves both thorax and abdomen combined, so the entire torso covers 36% of body surface area, not 18%. | Minor erratum | Verified | Appropriate "torso" to "thorax" change. Accept and migrating to Annotate. -PY | I agree with this change. LC | Okay. -AC Seems fine to me. Would "thorax" be more appropriate than "torso"? (SJ) | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Boran | Katunaric | bh3.kat@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 621 | 499 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Arachidonic acid pathways | None | COX-1 inhibition -> antithrombotic. COX-2 inhibition -> thrombotic. If you're the only 1 to get cox blocked you bleed out. If 2 of you get cox blocked you can stick together. | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Difficult mnemonic. Reject. LC. | Rejected. Cumbersome. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Eric | Herrmann | herrmann894@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 622 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | Immune Responses | Immune system organs | UWORKD | Uworld has been asking several questions about immune privlidge | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Maybe we could crossreference with the team that's in charge of UW. -ALL | I think that immune privilege in the eye could be an interesting addition. CW | We will discuss it on annotate. I think this is more fitting for the immunology chapter. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Grace | Gilbert | grace.v.gilbert@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 623 | 500 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | No need | In ischemic stroke, remove acute blockage of vessels and replace it by Ischemia (Because in the description below, hypo perfusion is a cause of stroke and that doesn't fit into acute blockage) | Clarification to current text | Verified | The user is right, will migrate to discuss further in annotate. -ALL | Defer to 2022. -HB Migrated to annotate, we will discuss it there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 624 | 501 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebral perfusion | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/brain-hypoxia https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/types-of-brain-injury/hypoxic-and-anoxic-brain-injury/#:~:text=support%20from%20Headway-,What%20is%20hypoxic%20brain%20injury%20%2F%20anoxic%20brain%20injury%3F,about%20four%20minutes%20without%20oxygen. | Cerebral anoxia (hypoxia) is maximally tolerated for 3-4 minutes. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is already mentioned at the top of the page: "Irreversible neuronal injury begins after 5 minutes of hypoxia". Reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, this is already in the book but written in a different way. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 625 | 501 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Gout drugs | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gout/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372903 | For Acute Drugs: Gout (Glucocorticoids), Never (NSAIDs), Comes (Colchicine) | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Can be easily used by some students. Accept. LC | Rejected. Cumbersome. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nihad | Al-Yousfi | Nihad.alyousfi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 626 | 501 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Gout drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548599/ | Probenecid is a sulfa drug and thus contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergy. The other sulfa drugs already have this addition however probenecid does not. I believe it would be a helpful addition to the gout drugs section. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree. Accept. LC After BA's comment, I moved it into Annotate. LC | Accepted. BA | Can migrate for discussion. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 627 | 502 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | Me | Inhibiting (Infliximab) TNF-a (Adalimumad) Erupts (Etanercept) Caseating (Certolizumab) Granulomas (Golimumab) | Mnemonic | Verified | Difficult mnemonic. Reject. LC | I donot find this useful. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mary Rachel | Nute | Rachel.Nute@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 628 | 504 | Neurology and Special Senses | Embryology | Central and peripheral nervous systems origins | Not needed per se, but can refer to any embryology textbook for clarification | 1) Under this topic is mentioned that the Neuroepithelia in neural tube gives rise to CNS neurons, CNS glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells); while the neural crest cells give rise to the PNS Neurons. But to clarify that although the Skeletal motor neurons are a part of the PNS, they are derived from the basal plate(part of neural tube) and that ultimately forms the anterior horn. A clarification for that would be better as this could mislead a reader to feel that all PNS neurons are derived from the neural crest which isn't correct | Minor erratum | Verified | Anterior horn is part of spinal cord, therefore not PNS. I recommend no change. CW | Maybe there is a way to incorporate this clarification. I am migrating it to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Neil | Patel | neilpatel.tsl@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 629 | 504 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-genodermatoses-an-overview?search=waardenburg§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H24&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~14&display_rank=1#H24 | Waardenburg syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder in which abnormal distribution of melanocytes during embryogenesis results in patchy areas of depigmentation, particularly of the hair (white forelock) and skin. Other distinctive features include abnormal iris pigmentation (heterochromia irides) and a broad nasal root, secondary to lateral displacement of the inner canthi of the eyes. Congenital deafness, cleft lip and palate and neural tube defects (eg, spina bifida, myelomeningocele) have also been associated. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't remember any questions about this, but we could cross-reference with the UW team. Will migrate. -ALL | Tested on NBME 30. I think we should include this. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Yael | Mayer | jemayer@mail.einstein.yu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 630 | 505 | Neurology and Special Senses | Embryology | Holoprosencephaly | N/A | It says it may be seen with "maternal alcohol use" which is inconsistent with First Aid's current gender inclusive language. Change to "fetal alcohol syndrome." | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrated. -ALL | Cool! CC - Defer to 2022. In this scenario, we are referring to alcohol consumption by the pregnant person as a risk factor for holoprosencephaly in the fetus. This is different from fetal alcohol syndrome, which is a distinct disease entity. If needed, we can change "maternal" to "pregnant person". Needs further review by the 2022 team. -HB | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Chloe | Jensen | chloe.aevm@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 631 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve reflexes | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/accommodation-reflex https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542189/#:~:text=On%20a%20cellular%20level%2C%20the,oculomotor%20and%20Edinger-Westphal%20nuclei. | Accommodation reflex afferent by II cranial nerve and afferent by III cranial nerve. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think the user meant afferent by cranial nerve II and efferent by cranial nerve III. "The afferent pathway begins with the transmission of the signal from the optic nerve to the primary visual cortex. [...] From the visual cortex, the reflex initiates, and impulses get sent to the visual association cortex that in turn has projections to the superior colliculus and pretectal areas. From here, impulses swiftly relay to the oculomotor and Edinger-Westphal nuclei of cranial nerve III. The oculomotor nucleus stimulates contraction of the medial recti bilaterally, which results in convergence. Simultaneously the Edinger-Westphal nucleus coordinates parasympathetic pupillary constriction via the ciliary ganglion." I remember someone suggested adding the accommodation reflex last year, but I couldn't find the note to see what we landed on. Will migrate. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542189/ -ALL | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 632 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve reflexes | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/glabellar-reflex https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/487634 | Glabellar reflex afferent by V cranial nerve and efferent by VII cranial nerve. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY. I wouldn't add. -ALL | I second Andrea. LY. -FAR | Agree with Andrea and Faateh, seems LY. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 633 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve reflexes | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1836134-overview#a1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/vestibulo-ocular-reflex | Vestibulo-ocular reflex afferent by VIII cranial nerve and efferent by III, IV, VI + cranial nerves. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This one is a bit complex. I don't think this is HY, I wouldn't add. -ALL | I second Andrea. LY. -FAR | Agree with Andrea and Faateh, seems LY. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 634 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Tongue development | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507782/#:~:text=Taste%20to%20the%20anterior%20two,trigeminal%20nerve%20(CN%20V3). | 2 Good Mnemonics for taste and sensory: Taste :Finger-licking (VII, Facial), Good (IX, Glossopharyngeal), Vegetables (X, Vagus), Sensory: Touching (V3, Trigeminal), Green (IX, Gloss), Vegetables (X, Vagus) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is a bad mnemonic, but it might be complicated to incorporate as this information is divided by thirds of the tongue, not taste/sensation. Reject. -ALL | I agree, I don't recommend addition. CW | Agree with Andrea and Collin, this is not a particularly helpful mnemonic. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nihad | Al-Yousfi | Nihad.alyousfi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 635 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Tongue development | not applicable | In the labelled image of the tongue under the Tongue Development section, the foramen cecum is labelled as "foramen caecum." I know this is an acceptable spelling, but it is inconsistent with how you spell it throughout the rest of the text so it cannot be found when searching the document or index for "foramen cecum" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | The user is correct. "Cecum" is mentioned in Endocrine (p. 334) and in the index (p. 395), vs "Caecum" in Neuro (p. 507). -ALL will migrate to both chapters and tag the illustration team as they involve illustration tags. -ALL | Nice catch, we will discuss it on Annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Claudia | Siniakowicz | cs1307@njms.rutgers.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 636 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Neuron action potential | First aid 2021 | Number 3- “gate “is written twice for no reason. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Suleiman | Abou Ramadan | sliman.abouramadane@hotmail.co.il | |||||||||||||||||
| 637 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Neuron action potential | https://books.google.com/books?id=A8H_9S4E0I4C&pg=PA55#v=onepage&q&f=false, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443057793500094, https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap.html#:~:text=This%20means%20that%20some%20event,no%20action%20potential%20will%20fire. | The threshold potential is listed at -40 mV; I believe this should be -55 mV. | Minor erratum | Verified | The first and third sources (I could not access the second one) mention the threshold potential the user suggested, however one of the sources used for this entry (in the googledoc)--Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th edition [they used 13th edition]--mentions -45mV as threshold potential. I think this needs expert review. This is the original googledoc "Action Potential Proposed Text". Migrated to annotate. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wKoFMVqiP21Nu9MBzw12pFM5kqc5scqcZe-AnIcTiRA/edit -ALL | Agree, needs to be added to the published errata as well. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Lexi | Lerner | lexi_lerner@brown.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 638 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Sensory receptors | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32647077/ | "MeiSSner corpuscles on hairleSS skin" first aid often bolds letters in red to facilitate comprehension or linkage to relations in this case making the double s (SS) on meiSSner and hairleSS would facilitate the comprehension | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 639 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Sensory receptors | mnemonic | Meissners (MeISSners) corpuscle is located on hairless skin → it is MISSing HAIR | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not a huge fan of this mnemonic, but if others think it might be useful, we can add. ALL | Not the biggest fan either. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 640 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Sodium-potassium pump | spelling | reads "K activation gate gate opens" and there should only be one "gate" | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | Already suggested in annotate. Reject? -ALL | | | | Puneet | Gupta | puneetgupta511@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 641 | 510 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Chromatolysis | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/nissl-substance | Currently reads "dispersion of Nissl substance throughout cytoplasm" but could be clarified by instead stating that "Nissl disperses throughout cytoplasm and is no longer visible on stain" | Minor erratum | Verified | I think the user is correct, but I'm not sure how HY this is. I will wait for more input before migrating. - ALL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334169/ | Migrated to annotate and deferred to 2023. Not an erratum but a clarification that might or might not be implemented. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Puneet | Gupta | puneetgupta511@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 642 | 510 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Neurotransmitter changes with disease | not related | GABA= grab a cucumber ; Serotonin = Sr. Raphe ; Norepinephrine = NEw look | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think we can incorporate mnemonics in this table as easily as it sounds (there was some discussion about this last year). Reject. -ALL | agree with ALL. CW | Agree with Andrea and Collin. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Paola | Cuadrado | paola.cuadrado@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 643 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Common brain lesions | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/hippocampal-sclerosis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26060898/ | Hippocampal sclerosis can be a good example for hippocampaus in common brain lesions. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY, I wouldn't add. -ALL | Low yield. CW | Agree, seems LY. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 644 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Meninges | not needed. | The picture "referring to the meninges" shows shadows, as the names are unclear , please fix it. | Minor erratum | Verified | I recommend no change. CW | Unsure what this is referring to. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 645 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Multiple sclerosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-adem-in-adults?search=oligoclonal%20bands%20and%20MS&source=search_result&selectedTitle=6~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=6. This shows that oligoclonal bands can be present in other diseases of the CSF, and thus the presence of oligoclonal bands aids in MS diagnosis but is not diagnostic by itself | Oligoclonal bands are highly suggestive of MS especially if found in the CSF and absent in the serum, but there presence doesn't provide a definitive diagnosis of MS. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think this might need expert review. Will migrate. -ALL | Added to annotate, we'll discuss it there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 646 | 511 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Vomiting center | N/A | In the vomiting center paragraph , they mention the five receptors of the chemoreceptor trigger zone: Muscarinic, Dopamine, Neurokinin , 5HT Serotonin, and Histamine receptors. I came up with a mnemonic to make it simple: “Most Douches Have 5 Neurons” M- muscarinic D- Dopamine H- Histamine 5- 5HT serotonin N- neurokinin | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not a huge fan of this mnemonic, but if someone wants to add it we can discuss further in annotate. Won't migrate for now. -ALL | I agree with Andrea, remembering the names of the 5 different types of receptors does not need a mnemonic, remembering what type of emesis they mediate though could be considered. -FAR | Agree with Andrea and Faateh. Besides, I don't think a mnemonic that contains the word "Douche" is going to make it into the book. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gabriela Del Carmen | Suero Taveras | gabi07suero@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 647 | 513 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/epidural-hematoma#:~:text=Epidural%20hematomas%20are%20most%20often,an%20associated%20venous%20sinus%20injury. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518982/ https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/824029-overview | Epidural haematoma is commonly accompanied with temporal bone fracture caused by direct trauma to the temple region. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is mentioned in the entry, I wouldn't add. -ALL | Second. CW | Agree with the authors. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 648 | 513 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dementia-pugilistica | Punch drunk syndrome can be a result out of frequent subdural hematoma especially in elderly patients. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am not sure this is HY, I don't remember questions about this. Reject. -ALL | Seconded. -FAR | Agree with the authors. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 649 | 513 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://www.healthline.com/health/epidural-hematoma#treatment https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137065-treatment | Mild epidural hematoma can be managed with hyper-osmotic agents as, mannitol, glycerol and hypertonic solution. In severe cases surgical intervention is needed such as craniotomy or aspiration. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY, in Renal pharm mannitol is mentioned (and its uses). I don't think I would add, none of the other intracranial hemorrhages mention treatment. If someone thinks this might be useful, we can discuss further. -ALL | Multistep management is already beyond the scope of step 1, more so after the new content charges regarding pharmacology. LY. -FAR | Agree, this is beyond the scope of Step 1. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 650 | 513 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22137800/ | cavernous hemangioma are vascular malformations that happen most commonly intraparanchymal not subarachnoid. Got this question wrong on world bc first aid says atrivenous malformations are subarachnoid hemorrage not intraparanchymal. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Cavernous hemangiomas are a type of vascular malformation. I believe the confusion lies in the fact that A-V malformations are mentioned under subarachnoid hemorrhage and Vascular malformations are mentioned under intraparenchymal without it being stated that cavernous hemangiomas are a type of vascular malformation (https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/vascular-malformation/types.html). Any further discussion would require expert review. Awaiting editor input. -FAR | Migrated to annotate for further discussion. This is not a major erratum, but rather a clarification. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Yair | Miller | ymiller8@student.nymc.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 651 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Common cranial nerve lesions | No need | In upper motor neuron lesion, mention that sensory function and salivation and lacrimation are intact because these are supplied by other nuclei | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | There's mention of variable additional symptoms depending on the size of the lesion, I would leave as it is. If deemed HY, I think this needs expert review. -ALL | Probably not high yield. I don't recommend addition. CW | Agree with Andrea and Collin, seems LY. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 652 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279126/ | Note for Tuberoinfundibular pathway: "Tuberal hypothalamus = part of hypothalamus near pituitary stalk; infundibulum = pituitary stalk; DA released from hypothalamus to act on pituitary (DOWN ARROW prolactin)" | Clarification to current text | Verified | I recommend no change. CW | Reject. The user is confused here. Column 2 refers to the manifestations of *altered* activity of the different dopaminergic pathways. The TI pathway inhibits prolactin secretion in normal individuals. A defect in this pathway will remove this prolactin inhibition, leading to increased secretion. For example, per UTD, "All FGAs have been shown to elevate prolactin levels, apparently through blockade of tuberoinfundibular dopamine, allowing uninhibited secretion of pituitary prolactin." -HB https://www.uptodate.com/contents/first-generation-antipsychotic-medications-pharmacology-administration-and-comparative-side-effects?search=tuberoinfundibular%5D&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~8&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Chloe | Jensen | jensenc1@livemail.uthscsa.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 653 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | N/A | NigroSTRIDEatal pathway affects your movement | Mnemonic | Verified | This could be useful. Will migrate. -ALL | Second. Simple and helpful. CW | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Chloe | Jensen | jensenc1@livemail.uthscsa.edu | |||||||||||||
| 654 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Limbic system | not needed | His Emotions Caused A lot of Mean Attitude -> the limbic system consists of Hippocampus, Entorhinal cortex, Cingulate gyrus, Amygdalae, Mammillary bodies, Anterior thalamic nuclei | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not a huge fan of this mnemonic. I wont migrate for now. -ALL | Do not recommend addition. CW | Agreed, not a big fan either. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | May | Ngo | maychingn@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 655 | 514 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Limbic system | personal mnemonic | EBOLA - initials corresponding to the functions of the limbic system | Mnemonic | Verified | i don't like this mnemonic, I don't find it useful. Reject. ALL | Low yield. CW | Agreed, not a big fan either. Using "EBOLA" to describe normal anatomy/physiology won't stick. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Amalia | Ardeljan | ardeljanamalia@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 656 | 515 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebellum | FA 2021 515 | Remove highlight from "structures" in "medial structures" , it is not needed. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. -ALL | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 657 | 515 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebellum | FA 2021 p515 | Why is this phrase "Tests: finger-to-nose" highlighted ? please remove highlight from it. | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Agree. -ALL | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 658 | 517 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | No need | In ischemic stroke, remove acute blockage of vessels and replace it by Ischemia (Because in the description below, hypoxia is a cause of stroke and that doesn't always fit into acute blockage) | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | I recommend no change. CW | Duplicate submission. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi A | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 659 | 517 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Motor neuron signs | No need | The row of babinski should be changed. Babinski sign is when there is dorsiflexion, so we don't say positive or negative. we say normal plantar reflex or babinski sign. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think the user is referring to how we mentioned it in page 527, where it's "plantar reflex", instead of Babinski, and then Babinski sign when plantar flexion is present in an adult. However, the column does say "sign". Maybe we should only change "Positive Babinski is normal in infants" to "Plantar reflex (dorsiflexion) is normal in infants but is called Babinski sign when present in adults." or something similar. Will migrate for further discussion. -ALL | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 660 | 517 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Seizures | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1138728-overview | In status epilepticus, add recurrent seizures without full recovery in between | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I remember this being suggested last year, I don't remember why we rejected it. Will wait for more input. -ALL | It is a helpful clarification, it can help a student discern in a question with foggy narrative. -CCR | Agree, this is pretty much part of the the definition of status epilepticus. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 661 | 517 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Seizures | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seizures-and-epilepsy-in-children-classification-etiology-and-clinical-features?search=focal%20seizures§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H3&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=3~150&display_rank=3#H3 | Since 2017, the classification of seizures has changed. Among these changes is important to note that seizures are not only divided into Focal and Generalized seizures since a third division has been added which is the "Unknown". It would be great if you added to the text and mention that it exists. Also, the figure can be updated with more information and examples. Uptodate has new information about this, so I attach the link. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree, won't migrate because there's already a discussion in place. -ALL | Not an erratum. Defer to 2022. We have been trying to incorporate the new ILAE epilepsy classification since 2018. It's a major undertaking and we could not achieve it. Additionally, it was deemed LY since the NBME and practice Qbanks usually focus on the pathogenesis/mechanism of seizures rather than the clinical classification, which is more relevant for S2 CK exams. I changed the submission type from erratum/clarification to HY addition. Defer to 2022. -HB Will migrate, just in case. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Erick | Freire | freireerick@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 662 | 517 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Seizures | https://www.epilepsy.com/article/2016/12/2017-revised-classification-seizures | According to 2017 Revised Classification of Seizures , Complex partial seizures are now focal onset impaired awareness seizures , Simple partial seizures are now focal aware seizures | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Already in annotate. -ALL | Not an erratum. Defer to 2022. We have been trying to incorporate the new ILAE epilepsy classification since 2018. It's a major undertaking and we could not achieve it. Additionally, it was deemed LY since the NBME and practice Qbanks usually focus on the pathogenesis/mechanism of seizures rather than the clinical classification, which is more relevant for S2 CK exams. I changed the submission type from erratum/clarification to HY addition. Defer to 2022. -HB Will migrate, just in case. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 663 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebral arteries—cortical distribution | Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases - Hal Blumenfeld - 2nd edition - P. 396 | Anterior portion of corpus callosum is supplied by ACA, middle portion by MCA, and posterior portion by PCA. In First Aid, it seems as though ACA supplies most of the corpus callosum. | Minor erratum | Verified | Migrated to annotate. -ALL | Faculty review needed CC | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Tommy | Khoury | tommy.khoury98@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 664 | 518 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Headaches | not needed | Migraines, cluster headaches and tension-type headaches are primary headaches. Other secondary causes of headache include subarachnoid hemorrhage (“worst headache of my life”), meningitis, hydrocephalus, neoplasia, giant cell (temporal) arteritis. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I recommend no change. CW | Reject. The distinction between primary and secondary headaches is discussed in the introductory paragraph of the headaches table. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 665 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Dural venous sinuses | https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Ftopics%2Fneuroscience%2Fsuperficial-cerebral-veins&psig=AOvVaw2i5xiHtDCGKBruYe7mI6BK&ust=1613582007667000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCPifoMbz7u4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAr | Arrow in dural venous sinus blood flow is pointing wrong way (from transverse sinus to confluence of thee sinuses | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Joel | Grunhut | ggrunhut2019@health.fau.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 666 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Dural venous sinuses | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30242780/ | I think the arrow on the transverse sinus should be pointing the opposite direction. | Minor erratum | Verified | Migrated to annoate. -ALL | I think that this is right but would like faculty review CC Agreed, the arrow needs to be reversed. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Meliksah | Arslan | meliksah5598@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 667 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Dural venous sinuses | not needed | Bottom arrow in illustration should be downwards, as confluence of sinuses drains into transverse sinus | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Hamed | alzatary | dr.hamed97@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 668 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Ventricular system | https://next.amboss.com/us/article/WK0P2S?q=dural%20venous%20sinuses#Z7b75e39d86336187cfd3a147125bcf75 | CSF made by choroid plexuses located in the lateral and fourth ventricles should be changed to include 3rd ventricles as well | Minor erratum | Verified | I couldn't open the AMBOSS reference, but I could find the same information, I'm not sure why it was "excluded" or if it was a previous discussion (I did look for resolved notes, but didn't find any). -ALL https://www.hydroassoc.org/cerebrospinal-fluid-dynamics-relevant-to-hydrocephalus/#:~:text=CSF%20is%20primarily%20produced%20within,the%20choroid%20plexus%2C%20for%20example. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1923254-overview#a4 Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy, 7th edition | Added to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hamed | alzatary | dr.hamed97@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 669 | 521 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerve nuclei | Page 506 "Nucleus aMbiguus: CN IX, X, XI" | "Medulla—nuclei of CN IX, X, XII" Should CN XI (cranial portion) be included too? | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree. Needs faculty sign-off. I think it is wise to include the cranial portion of XI in the list. Otherwise, this seems like an error of omission. I would appreciate an expert review of this entry before going ahead with the addition. -HB | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 670 | 522 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerves and arteries | researchgate.net | In the current picture, the cranial nerve VI is going in between AICA and Basilary artery; As per other anatomical pictures and resource, the path of CN VI is in between AICA and labyrinthine artery (slightly above from the current position). | Minor erratum | Verified | Defer to illustration team. -ALL | We do not illustrate the labyrinth artery and I think that our current illustration is accurate, but we can migrate to annotate to see what the experts think. CC | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Amalia Doris | Ardeljan | ardeljanamalia@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 671 | 522 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerves and vessel pathways | N/A - spelling/formatting suggestion | The arrows on the image on the right side are hard to follow because they are so close together. I think readers would benefit if the arrows alternated color (for example every other arrow is either black and gray or black and green) so that it is easier to understand the labeled cranial nerves and associated vessels. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Defer to illustration team. -ALL | Defer, not in style of book. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jack | Healy | jack.healy@tcu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 672 | 523 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cranial nerves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anatomy_mnemonics | On (olfactory) On (optic) On (Oculomotor) They (Trochlear) Traveled (Trigeminal) And (Abducent) Found (Facial) Voldemort (Vestibulocochlear) Guarding (Glossopharyngeal) Very (Vagus) Ancient (Accessory Spinal) Horcruxes (Hypoglossal) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't find this mnemonic helpful, I vote reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mustafa | Farooq | mufarooq@augusta.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 673 | 524 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Mastication muscles | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549799/ | Mute (Close Jaw): Medial Pterygoid. Laugh (Open Jaw):Lateral Pterygoid | Mnemonic | Verified | This could be tricky, we had to change the wording last time. I vote reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Fathima | Shaik | fshaik16@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 674 | 524 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Mastication muscles | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538486/ | Mute,Muffled,Tongue-tied (CLOSE jaw):Masseter,Medial Pterygoid,Temporalis. Laugh(OPEN jaw):Lateral Pterygoid | Mnemonic | Verified | This is very similar to the suggestion above, reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Fathima | Shaik | fshaik16@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 675 | 524 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Other demyelinating and dysmyelinating disorders | Not needed | Bottle calves = inverted champagne (MARIE like her CHAmpagne upside down) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't quite see the mnemonic here, except that the disease has a proper name that could be used to "likes champagne upside down". I don't think it's that helpful. I would reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ramona | Mittal | ramona.mittal92@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 676 | 527 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | NEW FACT | https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/data/interactiveguide/physexam/neuro/reflexesanatomy.html | Brachioradialis reflex should have C6 in bold and Biceps reflex C5 in bold seperately. | Minor erratum | Verified | The source the user gives does not mention that, it only mentiones "(C5, C6)" for both. I would leave as it is. -ALL | Agree, just checked our entry. Text is good as is. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Benjamin | Smith | bentkd@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 677 | 527 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | NEW FACT | https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/the25/tendon.html | Please add Bold C5 biceps reflex and C6 for Brachioradialis reflex seperately. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Benjamin | Smith | bentkd@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 678 | 528 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Brain stem—ventral view | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559158/ | Weber Syndrome is not mentioned in the brainstem lesions. I made a mnemonic that can help. | Mnemonic | Verified | While I am for including Weber syndrome for the sake of completeness, I think the mnemonic is a stretch and the brainstem rule of 4 covers it. -FAR | I appreciate the effort, but the mnemonic is not per FA style. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Andrés Gonzalo | Coronel Alvarado | andresca1133@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 679 | 528 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Ischemic brain disease/stroke | https://n.neurology.org/content/90/15_Supplement/P3.251 | Frontal eye fields Destructive lesions (eg, MCA stroke): eyes look toward brain lesion (ie, away from side of hemiplegia),THE OPPISIT SHOULD HAPPEN ,as the FEF stroke the eye will look to the side of the lesion and to hemiplegic side | Major erratum | Verified | Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think the user is confused. The eyes look to the side of the lesion (which is what we have written) and as a MCA stroke causes contralateral paralysis, the eyes would have to look away from the paralysis. Reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, our text is correct as is. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | hadeel | atoum | atoumh@gmailcom | ||||||||||||||
| 680 | 529 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Common brain lesions | 1. Zakeri A, Jadhav AP, Sullenger BA, Nimjee SM. Ischemic stroke in COVID-19-positive patients: an overview of SARS-CoV-2 and thrombotic mechanisms for the neurointerventionalist [published online ahead of print, 2020 Dec 9]. J Neurointerv Surg. 2020;neurintsurg-2020-016794. doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016794 2. NEJM Journal Watch: Summaries of and commentary on original medical and scientific articles from key medical journals. Jwatch.org. https://www.jwatch.org/na51499/2020/05/27/ischemic-stroke-young-adults-presenting-with-sars-cov-2. 3. Yaghi S, Ishida K, Torres J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System [published correction appears in Stroke. 2020 Aug;51(8):e179]. Stroke. 2020;51(7):2002-2011. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030335 4. Valderrama EV, Humbert K, Lord A, Frontera J, Yaghi S. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2020;51(7):e124-e127. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030153 5. Markus HS, Brainin M. COVID-19 and stroke-A global World Stroke Organization perspective. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(4):361-364. doi:10.1177/1747493020923472 6. Fifi JT, Mocco J. COVID-19 related stroke in young individuals. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(9):713-715. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30272-6 7. Bhatia R, Pedapati R, Komakula S, Srivastava MVP, Vishnubhatla S, Khurana D. Stroke in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review. J Stroke. 2020;22(3):324-335. doi:10.5853/jos.2020.02264 8. Wang Z, Yang Y, Liang X, et al. COVID-19 Associated Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Incidence, Potential Pathological Mechanism, and Management. Front Neurol. 2020;11:571996. Published 2020 Oct 27. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.571996 9. Jillella DV, Janocko NJ, Nahab F, et al. Ischemic stroke in COVID-19: An urgent need for early identification and management. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0239443. Published 2020 Sep 18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239443 10. COVID-19 linked to worse stroke outcomes. UCL News. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2020/nov/covid-19-linked-worse-stroke-outcomes. Published 2021. Accessed January 31, 2021. 11. Can COVID-19 Cause a Stroke?. Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-covid-19-cause-a-stroke/. Published 2021. Accessed January 31, 2021. 12. Stroke May Be First Symptom of COVID-19 in Younger Patients. Medscape. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/938344. Published 2021. Accessed January 31, 2021. 13. Hughes S. Strokes Linked to COVID-19 Are More Severe, More Likely Embolic. Medscape. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/931207. Published 2021. Accessed January 31, 2021. | Cryptogenic stroke and Ischemic stroke can occur due to severe COVID-19 infection, which is caused by rapid increased hypercoagulability. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I would like to cross-reference this to see if this is really HY. Will migrate for now because I'm not sure how many questions have been added regarding COVID. However, I think this would fit more in Micro, not here (hypercoagulability is mentioned in COVID's entry). Migrated to annotate (MICRO). -ALL | COVID-19 complications other than pneumonia/ARDS are very very LY at the moment. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 681 | 529 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Common brain lesions | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33298508/ https://www.jwatch.org/na51499/2020/05/27/ischemic-stroke-young-adults-presenting-with-sars-cov-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32432996/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32396456/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32310017/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32822622/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33053948/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33193019/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946512/ https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2020/nov/covid-19-linked-worse-stroke-outcomes. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-covid-19-cause-a-stroke/ https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/938344 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/931207 | Cryptogenic stroke and Ischemic stroke can occur due to severe COVID-19 infection, which is caused by rapid increased hypercoagulability. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 682 | 531 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | [E] is figure 2 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2590611/ | Dr. Iyer is a ScholarRx employee who has this comment about how we describe figure E: The book refers to [E] as bleeding due to saccular aneurysm. The image actually shows postop bleeding after resection of a brain tumor.'" | Major erratum | Verified | Accept. Please run it by Kim. I am not an expert in radiology, but I would take Arjun's concern very seriously. He is the Assist. Director of Multimedia at SRx. I think the safest approach is to delete the second "E" callout so that it reads "saccular aneurysm) or arteriovenous". Needs Kim's sign-off. -HB Notified Kim in Annotate 3/24. - MC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Arjun | Iyer | arjun.iyer@scholarrx.com | |||||||||||||||
| 683 | 531 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | [E] is figure 2 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2590611/ | Dr. Iyer is a ScholarRx employee who submitted the following new description for E and F: E. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (hyperdense "starfish" shaped lesion indicated by red arrow) on non-contrast CT, axial section, "Brain" Window. F. Intraventricular hemorrhage (hyperdense lesions indicated by red arrows) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (hyperdensity filling the R cerebral sulci) on non-contrast CT, axial section, "subdural" window. Both images taken intraoperatively after surgical glioblastoma removal (R craniotomy and resection site seen on panel E in the R temporal lobe). | Major erratum | Verified | Please send this query to Kim. I am afraid I don't know how to address Arjun's concerns here. Kim, please advise. -HB | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Arjun | Iyer MD | Arjun.iyer@scholarrx.com | |||||||||||||||
| 684 | 531 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Intracranial hemorrhage | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1163977-overview | Mnemonic for Epidural hematoma: "Watch the EPIc MMA fight through a BICONVEX lens". The EPIc is for epidural; the MMA is for middle meningeal artery; the BICONVEX lens is for the biconvex image on CT scan. Mnemonic for Subdural hematoma: "The SUB CROSSES under the BRIDGE under the CRESCENT moon." The SUB (as in submarine) is for subdural; the CROSSES is for crosses suture lines; the BRIDGE is for bridging veins; the CRESCENT is for the crescent shaped hemorrhage on CT scan. | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm afraid these might be too long, I think it won't fit. I vote reject. -ALL | Agree, seems like a huge mnemonic. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nithish | Benoy | nbenoy@mail.sjsm.org | ||||||||||||||
| 685 | 532 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Common cranial nerve lesions | No need | In upper motor neuron lesion, mention that sensory function and salivation and lacrimation are intact because these are supplied by other nuclei | Clarification to current text | Verified | Duplicate submission. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 686 | 532 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Effects of strokes | No need/ any neuroanatomy book/ Moore clinically oriented anatomy cranial nerves section | In Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, replace facial nucleus by facial nuclei because the facial nucleus is pure motor, but other nuclei that supply the facial nerve such as solitary nucleus (mentioned in the anatomy and physiology section)supplies sensory input,and there other nuclei such as superior salivary nucleus which supplies the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. Needs expert review. The user is correct. We may need to say "Facial nerve nuclei" instead of "Facial nucleus" to imply that we are referring to the facial, solitary, and superior salivatory nuclei. Alternatively, we can write down the names of all nuclei involved in column 2. Please send it for a faculty review. -HB | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 687 | 532 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Effects of strokes | N/A | AICA is spelled backwards in fACIAl nucleus | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't understand the suggestion. -ALL | I think I do, but I am not a big fan of this mnemonic. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Iga | Fudyma | ifudyma36@midwestern.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 688 | 533 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Effects of strokes | N/A | Pikachu can't chew – PICA strokes result in dysphagia | Mnemonic | Verified | We already have a mnemonic in place. Reject. -ALL | Agree, not a big fan. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Iga | Fudyma | ifudyma36@midwestern.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 689 | 534 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Conjunctivitis | https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/seasonal-allergic-conjunctivitis-hayfever#:~:text=Itching%20is%20a%20dominant%20symptom,involving%20the%20nose%20and%20throat. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/allergic-conjunctivitis | Allergic conjunctivitis is associated with watery discharge if acute, and mucoid discharge if chronic. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think this is HY. I wouldn't change the current text. I think the relevant information is to distinguish them by paying attention to other features (bilateral. itching, etc). -ALL | Seconded. -FAR | Agree, LY for the Step 1. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 690 | 534 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Conjunctivitis | https://www.columbiaeye.org/education/digital-reference-of-ophthalmology/cornea-external-diseases/infectious/follicular-conjunctivitis#:~:text=Acute%20follicular%20conjunctivitis%20is%20usually,by%20chronic%20chlamydial%20infection%20(trachoma%2C https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470271/ | Viral conjunctivitis is associated with conjunctival follicles. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this information is LY. Reject. -ALL | Agree, seems LY. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 691 | 534 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Fever vs heat stroke | https://www-uptodate-com/contents/severe-nonexertional-hyperthermia-classic-heat-stroke-in-adults | An additional complication of heat stroke to include would be DIC. I received a question in which a patient had the risk factors of heat stroke and was asked about potential complications, the only correct one being DIC. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree, this could be a simple addition. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221714290_Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation_in_heat_stroke_A_hot_topic -ALL | Agree, migrated to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ahmed | Noor | anoor2019@health.fau.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 692 | 534 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | NEW FACT | https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/keratitis-facts#1 - https://www.medicinenet.com/keratitis/article.htm - https://www.healthline.com/health/keratitis - https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/corneal-disorders/peripheral-ulcerative-keratitis | Keratitis - Inflammation of the cornea - Clinical presentation - Red eye, Pain, Photophobia, Discharge. Risk factors - Risk: dry eye, contact lens user, trauma. Causative agents - Bacterial: Staph, Strep. Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriace ae Fugal: Aspergillus, Candida Viral: HSV, VZV Acanthamoeba | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am not sure if this is HY, IMO this is LY. The only questions I remember were related to P aeruginosa (and it's already mentioned there). We could consider here if someone thinks this is HY. Won't migrate for now. -ALL | As per Andrea. -FAR | Agree with Andrea and Faateh, LY for the Step 1. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Rakeisha | Sealey | sealey.r@me.com | |||||||||||||
| 693 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Refractive errors | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/hypermetropia | Alternative name to hyperopia is hypermetropia | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | LY, reject. -ALL | In Greek we prefer to use hypermetropia instead of hyperopia. Anyway, it seems that this synonym is not used much abroad. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 694 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | NEW FACT | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lens-subluxation https://www.aao.org/disease-review/homocystinuria-3 https://www.marfan.org/about/body-systems/eyes#:~:text=About%206%20in%2010%20people,(called%20zonules)%20is%20weak. | Lens Subluxation (Ectopia Lentis) is a disease characterized by partial dislocation of the lens from the zonules, common risk factors include Marfan's syndrome and homocystinuria. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is only HY when discussing Marfan's syndrome or homocystinuria, like the user mentions, and this is already included in biochem. Reject. -ALL | Agree, I think the current mentions are sufficient. But will revisit if necessary. Tag: USMLE Content Outline Voting - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 695 | 536 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma | https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/glaucoma-silent-thief-begins-tell-its-secrets https://rosseye.com/glaucoma-the-silent-thief-of-sight/ | Open angle glucoma is called "silent thief of sight" since it damages the optic nerve in a slow and asymptomatic progression. The patient doesn't complain from any signs or symptoms unless a late stage, so a regular follow-up with an ophthalmologist is a necessary in people with increase risk factors. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is already mentioned: "Painless" and "...family history.." which is a risk factor. Reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 696 | 536 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253313/ https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/798811-clinical#b1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279256/#:~:text=The%20symptoms%20of%20acute%20glaucoma,the%20ocular%20and%20abdominal%20symptoms. | Acute angle closure glucoma can be misdiagnosed with gastroenteritis, since there is abdominal pain and discomfort due to reflex vagal stimulation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | There's mention already of nausea and vomiting, I don't think we should add this. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 697 | 536 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Headaches | https://next.amboss.com/us/article/YL0nwg?q=headache#Z67ba0252fff6842349617790ed19ae54 | for cluster headache, the horner syndrome is actually "partial horner" as there is no anhidrosis but only ptosis and miosis | Clarification to current text | Verified | It is mentioned in the reference provided, but we can't use q-banks as a source. I checked the references inside the amboss entry, but the only mention of partial Horner syndrome was a reference that does not mention cluster headaches. On the other hand, Medscape only mentions "mild Horner syndrome", with anhidrosis as part of the symptoms. I won't migrate. -ALL https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142459-clinical#showall | Agree, our text is correct as is. I just checked the respective article on UpToDate. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kamleshun | Ramphul | adramphul@Hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 698 | 536 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Uveitis | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2855662/ https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/behcets-disease/ | Uveitis can be associated with Behçet's disease which is characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is mentioned in another chapter (musculoskeletal, skin, and connective tissue, p 484). I am not sure we should mention again, we could consider. This could be an easy edit. Migrated. -ALL | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 699 | 537 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Diabetic retinopathy | https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-complications/diabetic-maculopathy.html#:~:text=Diabetic%20maculopathy%20is%20a%20condition,builds%20up%20on%20the%20macula. http://www.diabeticretinopathy.org.uk/diabetic_maculopathy.html | The most severe form of diabetic retinopathy is diabetic maculopathy. It affects the macular directly so there is marked drop of vision or blindness. It's treatment is laser surgery upon detection to avoid progression. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this much detail is LY. Reject. -ALL | Agree, beyond the scope of Step 1. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 700 | 537 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Movement disorders | Not needed | Under restless legs syndrome: nightime should have 2 t's in it → nighttime | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Migrated. -ALL | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 701 | 537 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Retinal vein occlusion | https://www.mdfoundation.com.au/content/about-retinal-vein-occlusion https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14206-retinal-vein-occlusion-rvo#:~:text=Retinal%20vein%20occlusion%20happens%20when,problems%20that%20affect%20blood%20flow. https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/retinal-vein-occlusion https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007330.htm | Other causes than nearby arterial atherosclerosis for retinal vein occlusion can be nearby arterial hypertension and diabetes. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I'm not sure if this is HY, but we can discuss it further in annotate. ALL | Migrated to Annotate. Will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 702 | 537 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Retinal vein occlusion | https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-central-retinal-vein-occlusion https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223746-overview#a4 | Central retinal vein occlusion presents with neovascularization, noticable irritation and pain. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is LY, i would reject. Also, the sources provided mention that neovascularization is a complication, not a presenting feature. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 703 | 538 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Leukocoria | https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003315.htm https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/stepwise-approach-to-leukocoria | Coat's disease, endophtalmitis, tractional retinal detachment and uveitis are additional causes for white pupil (leukocoria). | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't think these are HY, I wouldn't add.-ALL | Agree, we already mention the HY causes. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 704 | 538 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | n/a | ApoE-2 is Pro(two)ctive, ApoE-4 is FOR Alzheimer | Mnemonic | Verified | This could be useful, but I'm not a huge fan. We can add if someone likes it. Won't migrate for now. -ALL | I think this fact warrants a mnemonic on account of how often it was tested. Migrating for further discussion on annotate. -FAR | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Asim | Khanfar | asimkhanfar@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 705 | 538 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Retinitis pigmentosa | https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/retinitis-pigmentosa https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/633050#:~:text=These%20patients%20constitute%20a%20recognizable,and%20a%20good%20visual%20prognosis. | Retinitis Pigmentosa is well diagnosed by electroretinogram. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I believe the HY information regarding retinitis pigmentosa is already there. Reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 706 | 539 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Marcus Gunn pupil | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/marcus-gunn-pupil https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/blog/archive/2013/Do-you-know-Marcus-Gunn.html | Retinal detachment is a common cause for marcus gunn pupil. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am not sure if this is HY, but this could be a simple addition. Will migrate for further discussion. -ALL | Migrated to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 707 | 539 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-sheets/Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease-Fact-Sheet#:~:text=The%20only%20way%20to%20confirm,be%20examined%20by%20a%20neuropathologist. | Real Time-Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) is a new advanced test that demonstrates a very high sensitivity and specificity of the disease, it differs from traditional surrogate markers of prion disease ex. 14-3-3 and tau proteins CSF levels | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this much detail is LY for STEP 1. Reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abdulla | Jabr | 17221081@rcsi.com | ||||||||||||||
| 708 | 539 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Pupillary control | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/argyll-robertson-pupil https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537179/ | Argyll Robertson pupil is characterized by loss of pupillary light reflex due to damage of pretectal nucleus with preservation of accommodation reflex. It's caused by syphilis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Argyll Robertson pupil is mentioned briefly (HY information) in MICRO (p. 147). Last year there was a similar suggestion (google doc created with a table). I think this was deferred for this year. Won't migrate. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, already on Annotate. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 709 | 540 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Hydrocephalus | Lecture from Dr. Bradley Cole, LLU | Hello! Under Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Dr. Brad Cole (Neurology professor @ LLU & Faculty Advisor for FA) says that the order of presentation for NPH is typically: "Wobbly, wacky, & then wet" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Even though Dr. Cole is a part of the team, this is not a valid reference. Secondly, I do remember something similar from med school, but I could only find that the first symptom is the gait disturbance. Also, I'm not sure this is really HY. I think knowing the triad is enough. Having said that, this could be a simple edit although not urgent. -ALL https://www.hydroassoc.org/about-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus/ https://www.medscape.com/answers/1135286-82868/what-are-the-signs-and-symptoms-of-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus-nph | Moved to annotate for further discussion. This is a simple edit. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Andrew | Cuevas | andrewcuevasjr@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 710 | 540 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility | Not needed | SIIS mnemonic for eye directions | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is too big for a mnemonic. Reject. ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 711 | 540 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility | https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/strabismus?sso=y https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-strabismus https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15065-strabismus-crossed-eyes https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/crossed-eyes-strabismus-a-to-z | Disorders for ocular motility should mainly include strabismus (crossed eye or squint) with its' different types e.g. esotropia, esophoria, extotropia and exophoria. Those are commonly high yield ocular motility disorders for ophthalmology. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I do believe they are HY in ophthalmology, but not so much for STEP 1 IMO. I wouldn't add. -ALL | I agree with Andrea. -FAR | Agree, seems LY. But will revisit if necessary. Tag: USMLE Content Outline Voting - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 712 | 541 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | CN III, IV, VI palsies | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537108/#:~:text=The%20cardinal%20signs%20of%20uncal,)%2C%20and%20the%20corticospinal%20tract. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/uncus | The cardinal signs of uncal herniation are an acute loss of consciousness associated with ipsilateral pupillary dilation and contralateral hemiparesis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The information for uncal herniation is mentioned elsewhere (p. 547), I wouldn't repeat with more detail than "coma" as it currently shows. Also, the user must be using an older version, because this is on page 561. Reject. -ALL | Thanks for your in-depth review of the SS submissions, Andrea. I agree, I also think this is LY. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 713 | 541 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Multiple sclerosis | n/a | Uhthoff's phenomenon - sign of temporary worsening of MS symptoms with increase in temperature. Mnemonic : Uhthoff = UhtHOT. | Mnemonic | Verified | This is a good mnemonic, but I think we had discussed this last year when a user suggested that we add the proper names to MS phenomenons. We came to the conclusion that the names weren't as HY compared to knowing the phenomenon itself. Reject. -ALL | Agree, the phenomenon is HY, but the eponym is not. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 714 | 541 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Multiple sclerosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/manifestations-of-multiple-sclerosis-in-adults?search=Lhermitte%27s%20sign&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~21&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H3348420977 | Mentions electric shock sensation along cervical spine upon neck flexion - it's called 'Lhermitte's sign' | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This was discussed last year, we decided not to add proper names of phenomenons (deemed LY). Reject. -ALL | Reject for the same reason as the above comment. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 715 | 541 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Multiple sclerosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-pediatric-multiple-sclerosis?search=MS%20and%20EBV&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Almost all people with MS have been exposed to EBV in the past | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am not sure if this is HY enough, but we can discuss further and cross-reference. Will migrate. -ALL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334604/#:~:text=Epstein%2DBarr%20virus%20(EBV),the%20risk%20of%20developing%20MS. | Migrated to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 716 | 544 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Adult primary brain tumors | not needed | Meningeoma "occurs alongside surfaces of brain and spinal cord" not just brain | Clarification to current text | Verified | The user is correct. -ALL https://radiopaedia.org/articles/spinal-meningioma https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/aurora-spine-services/spinal-meningioma#:~:text=Overview,are%20located%20in%20the%20spine. | Migrated to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 717 | 544 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Epilepsy therapy | Not applicable | I would like to suggest the following mnemonic for lamotrigine uses: LamoTRIgine (is used in THREE kinds of epilepsy: partial/focal.tonic-clonic and absence seizures) | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not a huge fan, this is not specific for lamotrigine and it doesn't help that much (it could be any combination of 3 types: partial, absence, status epilepticus, for example). Reject. -ALL | Agree with Andrea, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nikolaos | Katsivelos | nkatsivelos@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||
| 718 | 544 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Epilepsy therapy | FA | Carbamazepine Cutaneous damage (SJS) Ataxia Retention of water (SIADH) Blur vision (diplopia) Aplastic anemia Maternal contraindication (teratogenesis) Agranulocytosis Zero (none here) Erythematosus (SLE) P450 inducer Inhibiting liver Neuralgia (trigeminal) Emesis | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this mnemonic, the only issue is that I don't like the inclusion of trigeminal neuralgia (might be confusing as the rest are side effects), but if anyone disagrees we can discuss further in annotate. Will migrate it. -ALL | Added to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 719 | 544 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Epilepsy therapy | Self | Mnemonic to help remembering the mechanism of anti-epilepsy therapy. Carbamazepine - Carba”Na”zepine - blocks Na channel Ethosuximide - EthosuximiTT - blocks Thalamic T-type Ca channel Gabapentin - Ga”Ca”pentin - inhibits Ca channels Lamotrigine - La”Na”trigine - blocks voltage-gated Na channel Levetiracetam - Le”Ve”tira”Ca”tam - SVee-2A receptor blockers and inhibit voltage-gated Ca channel Phenytoin - Phe”Na”toin - blocks Na channels Topiramate - Topira”Na”te - blocks Na channels. | Mnemonic | Verified | I think some are useful, but I'm not sure how some editors feel about mnemonics that misspell some words. I think I vaguely remember something similar to the gabapentin one (maybe it was suggested last year and we rejected it). -ALL | Will add to annotate to help us brainstorm. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Prima Hapsari | Wulandari | primahapsari.ph@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 720 | 545 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Adult primary brain tumors | No need/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-hypopituitarism?search=pituitary%20apoplexy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~28&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | In pituitary adenoma, remove that pituitary apoplexy can cause hyperpituitarism because it is a sudden hemorrhage that causes only hypopituitarism. | Major erratum | Verified | Accept. The user is correct. Please delete "hyper- or", so that it reads "Pituitary apoplexy [right arrow] hypopituitarism." -HB | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 721 | 546 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Benzodiazepines | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benzodiazepine-poisoning-and-withdrawal | “ATOM” pneumonic implies midazolam does not produce active metabolites but Uptodate states midazolam produces active metabolites. Pneumonic for shortest half-life benzo’s: Tri Mi Shorts on (triazolam, midazolam = short acting) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. The text clearly says that the ATOM drugs are short-acting. The narrative does not refer back to the active metabolites discussion as is the case for long-acting drugs. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Matthew | Walsh | mattvwalsh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 722 | 546 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Benzodiazepines | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4014019/ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24734306.2020.1752551 | Flumazenil is used in treatment of benzodiazepines toxicity. Mnemonic: BenFlu | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't quite see the connection or the mnemonic here. Reject. -ALL | Agree, this is not particularly useful. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 723 | 546 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cnstumorpilocyticastrocytoma.html; https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cnstumormedulloblastoma.html; https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cnstumorependymoma.html; https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cnstumoradamcraniopharyngioma.html; "The Practice of Surgical Pathology A Beginner's Guide to the Diagnostic Process" Diana Weedman, 2018, sections concerning "Descriptive Terms in Anatomic Pathology" and "Brain and Meninges" | Pilocytic astrocytoma: in the MRI pictured (A), the lesion in question does appear to have the classic cystic appearance with a mural nodule, but the arrow points only to the nodule. In the description provided in the table, the term mural nodule isn’t mentioned, despite that term being readily associated with pilocytic astrocytomas across other sources. It may also be helpful to have an additional arrow pointing to the cystic area, given that “Cystic + solid (gross)” is given in the table, although strangely under the “Histology” section of said table. The histologic section (B) that is given is not great and I’d recommend finding a new section. The arrows are pointing to Rosenthal fibers, though it is extremely difficult to decipher these fibers from the rest of the neuropil, unless you know what you’re looking for. A squash prep slide may be best in representing this finding. In addition, the large eosinophilic granules that are also characteristic of pilocytic astrocytomas, which are abundant in that tissue slide, are not even mentioned in the histologic description in the table above (assuming of course that that is what those structures are, they may even be engorged cytoplasm of astrocytes given how large they are). Medulloblastoma: the histologic section (D) that is given is supposed to be representative of a Homer-Wright rosette. A Homer-Wright rosette can more or less be defined as a cluster of cancer cells surrounding a central core of neuropil. The textbook appearance of these rosettes, is, well, a rosette (Fr. little rose), i.e. the cancer cells are arranged in a circle. The oblong appearance of the Homer-Wright rosette given in histologic section (D) is sure to cause confusion (as confirmed with my classmates). An additional minor suggestion is that in the description under the “Histology” section of the table is to specify that the tumor contains sheets of small blue cells, rather than simply stating “small blue cells.” Ependymoma: the histologic section (F) is at far too low a power to be able to appreciate the perivascular pseudorosettes. In addition, this tissue section does appear to have true ependymal rosettes as well, which the lower arrow appears to be pointing at. A distinction between both types of rosettes is warranted in the “Histology” section of the table. I’d recommend removing the mention of the presence of blepharoplasts altogether as those can be seen only on electron microscopy. Craniopharyngioma: the word “adamantinomatous” may be of some use in the description of this tumor, i.e. that it is hard, that it is tooth-like. I think that histologic section (H) should be removed entirely in favor of a tissue section that better shows the xanthogranulomatous reaction (i.e. “Cholesterol crystals found in ‘motor-oil’-like fluid within tumor”). I’d also recommend substituting out the word “crystals” for “clefts.” In addition, other hallmark features of this tumor are the stellate reticulum, palisading epithelium, and wet keratin, which would require a tissue section of their own. If the desire is to keep things simple, then histologic section (H) needs to be replaced with a higher resolution section that better shows calcification, as generally speaking with H&E sections calcification is a more basophilic phenomenon; “calcification” would have been low on my list of things that the two black arrows in section (H) were pointing to. | Major erratum | Verified | I will defer most of the points mentioned to the illustration team and probably an expert to review the pictures, however I do agree with changing "cholesterol crystals" to "cholesterol clefts". Will migrate. -ALL | Migrate to annotate for expert discussion. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Travis Blake | Fenlon | travisbfenlon@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 724 | 546 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pineal-gland-masses Also Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease, 10e, Ch 24 p 1130-31 | Pinealoma is not an accepted term for germ cells tumors of the pineal gland. Tumors derived from pinealocytes may be referred to as "pineolomas" but are better designated as pineocytoma or pineoblastoma, depending on degree of differentiation. Germ cell tumors also arise in the pineal/suprasellar space a should be subclassified based on their histolopathlogy, eg germinoma, teratoma. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think the user is correct, we could change to "Tumors of the pineal gland" or something along those lines. I will migrate to annotate for further discussion. -ALL https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-region-mass https://www.cancer.gov/rare-brain-spine-tumor/tumors/pineal-region-tumors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804886/ | Agree, the reader is correct. We addressed this on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sandra | Cottingham | cottingh@msu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 725 | 546 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | NEW FACT | UW QID 1261 | IF THE germ cell tumor is in suprasellar region,then it causes precocious puberty as it compresses pituitary,whereas pinealoma compresses only cerebral aqueduct and causes obstructive hydrocephalus and upward gaze palsy but not precocious puberty. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I don't think Q-banks are a reliable source, I couldn't find anything related to what the user suggested. I think this might need expert input if deemed HY. I will wait for more input. -ALL https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e329 http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2359-39972016000200163 | Agree, I just checked that UW question. Not HY enough to include. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ayesha | Urooj | dr.aurooj@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 726 | 547 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Herniation syndromes | Not needed | Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation can compress the ACA: cingulACA | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not sure about this. I think I wouldn't add. -ALL | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 727 | 548 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Parkinson disease therapy | https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781461458357 | COMT is expressed on the postsynaptic terminal instead of presynaptic, as shown in the reference link below (page 758) | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrated. -ALL | Defer to the illustration EDs. -HB | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 728 | 548 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Spinal lesions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/disease-modifying-treatment-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/abstract/15 . https://www.uptodate.com/contents/disease-modifying-treatment-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/abstract/16 . https://www.uptodate.com/contents/disease-modifying-treatment-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/abstract/19 . | Edaravone is a free radical scavenger that is thought to reduce oxidative stress . its used now for the management of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . it was found to slow functional deterioration in some patients with ALS in addition to Riluzole . Side effect : gait disturbance, and headache | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't remember questions about this. IMO this is LY for STEP 1. -ALL | Seconded, LY. -FAR | Agree, seems LY to me as well. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ayman | Salih | aymansalih16@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 729 | 548 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Syphilis | https://www-uptodate-com.rossuniversity.idm.oclc.org/contents/neurosyphilis?search=tabes%20dorsalis§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H13&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~16&display_rank=1#H13 | Tabes DORSALIS: Dorsal column degeneration, Orthopedic pain (charcot joint), Reflexes decreased (deep tendon), Shooting pain, Argyll-Robertson pupils, Locomotor ataxia, Impaired proprioception, Syphilis | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is a great mnemonic, there are some redundancies but it could work. My only worry is that this page is pretty much at its limit. I'll migrate to see if there's anything that can be done. -ALL | We'll discuss this on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Marvi | Memon | marvimem@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 730 | 550 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Common cranial nerve lesions | http://neuroanatomy.ca/modules/CNXI_XII/story_html5.html; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20647524/ | The supranuclear fibers to the sternocleidomastoid appear to have a double decussation in the brainstem. The first occurs caudal to the oculomotor complex in the pontine tegmentum, and the second at the cervicomedullary junction (Bender, Shanzer and Wagman, 1964). Therefore at this level a single lesion can produce an ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid weakness and contralateral trapezius weakness. | Major erratum | Verified | I don't think this is HY, and it might require expert review. -ALL | LY for Step 1, I vote reject. -FAR | Agree, seems LY to me as well. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Trina | Van | vantri32@rowan.edu | |||||||||||||
| 731 | 550 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Intravenous anesthetics | not needed | Propofol anesthesia use: rapid anesthesia induction "Propo-fall asleep" | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not a huge fan of this mnemonic, I wouldn't add. -ALL | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Richard | Pellegrini | rpellegr@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 732 | 551 | Neurology and Special Senses | Otology | Auditory anatomy and physiology | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948643-overview#a2 | SLIMS: Superior Olivary Nucleus (pons) Lateral Leminiscus (midbrain) Inferior Colliculus (midbrain) Medial Geniculate Body (thalamus) Superior Temporal Gyrus (cortex) | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is very LY, I wouldn't add. -ALL | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michael | Roman | michaelroman@rcsi.com | ||||||||||||||
| 733 | 552 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Glaucoma therapy | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/osmitrol-mannitol-343061 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/626975 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470392/ | Mannitol infusion can be used to rapidly decrease the elevated Intraocular pressure in emergent glaucoma cases, such as acute angle closure glucoma, by 1.5-2 g/kg IV infused over 30-60 minutes. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The user is right, but I feel this might be LY. I don't remember a lot of questions about this. (This is mentioned in renal pharm). -ALL | I agree, this use case of mannitol is mentioned in renal pharm and was not frequently tested. -FAR | Beyond scope of Step 1. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 734 | 552 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Peripheral nerve | No need. It's known. But this can help https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo?search=dix%20hallpike&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~6&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | In BPPV, since we mentioned the treatment (Epley maneuver), it's beneficial to mention the diagnostic maneuver (DIX-hallpike) since if it's positive, we'll do epley directly to treat. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am not sure how HY this is, specially because we don't mention much about vertigo and each "subtype", but we could discuss and cross-reference. -ALL | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 735 | 552 | Neurology and Special Senses | Otology | Vertigo | Not needed | Men wear VeSTs (Ménière disease – peripheral Vertigo, Sensorineural hearing loss, Tinnitus) | Mnemonic | Verified | This is not bad, we could consider. -ALL | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 736 | 552 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Vertigo | Bates Guide for physical examination p 271, almost all peripheral vertigo causes are associated with nausea and vomiting vs central | In peripheral vertigo, it's usually associated with nausea and vomiting. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think the user might be right, I found the same in my copy of the book. We could add this after the description of Ménière disease? We don't really mention findings like we do in central vertigo. I will migrate to annotate. -ALL | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 737 | 552 | Neurology and Special Senses | Otology | Vertigo | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/meniere-disease-evaluation-diagnosis-and-management | Mnemonic for Meniere's: too FULL (excess endolymph production), too HIGH (vertigo), CAN'T HEAR OUT ONE SIDE (sensorineural hearing loss) | Mnemonic | Verified | I think I like the other one better, I feel like the ones that rhyme are not that useful and we don't have that much space (as Ménière disease doesn't have a section for itself). -ALL | Agree, the other seems better. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Rafael | Torres | raffy1203@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 738 | 556 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Age-related macular degeneration | Not needed | Wet like the river Rapids – Wet macular degeneration progresses Rapidly | Mnemonic | Verified | i'm not a huge fan of this mnemonic, I vote reject, but we can add if others think this could be useful. -ALL | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 739 | 556 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Age-related macular degeneration | Black people: "African or African American" can be a better term. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I don't see "Black" being mentioned there, maybe it was supposed to be about open-angle glaucoma? Either way, we included an explanation of why we changed all "African-American" mentions to "Black", as not al Black patients are American or have African ancestry. Reject. -ALL | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Javier | Ortiz | javierorz26@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 740 | 557 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Childhood and early-onset disorders | not needed | The word, "Sudden" repeated twice | Minor erratum | Verified | I think the same as KD, that topic is on page 580, I read the whole page, found no such error - JM | I think this person was using an old version of the book because the page number (that section is on 580) is way off and I think I vaguely remember this error? -KD | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Stephany | Kim | STEPHANY.J.KIM@GMAIL.COM | ||||||||||||||
| 741 | 561 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | CN III, IV, VI palsies | No new supporting references. I'm just pointing out an inconsistency between the text describing the image and the arrow in the image. | In the row for CN VI damage, the text describing the image refers to the affected eye (displaced medially), while the arrow in the picture is pointing to the normal eye. The arrow should point to the other eye (the patient's left eye) | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. The callout refers to the failure of abduction which is shown in the patient's right eye when asked to look to his/her right side. We moved the callout from the end of the sentence to the middle of it to make it clear that we are NOT showing the medial deviation of the affected eye in the primary position of gaze (i.e., "look straight"). Not an erratum. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michelle | Zhu | zhu.michelle@ymail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 742 | 561 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | CN III, IV, VI palsies | mnemonic | highlight Ps extended ⇒ *P*arasympathetic = *P*eripheral = com*P*ression = blown *P*upil (vs. Motor = diabetes Mellitus = Metabolic dzs) | Mnemonic | Verified | If we decide to add, I would only highlight the "P"s in Parasympathetic and comPression, as the signs both include some with P (ptosis in motor lesion). -ALL | Migrated to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nicolas | Curi Gawlinski | nicolascurii@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 743 | 563 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Generalized anxiety disorder | not needed | Anxiety over CRIMES = Concentration, Restlessness, Irritability, Muscle tension, Energy, Sleep | Mnemonic | Verified | This could be useful, we can tweak it a little bit. -ALL | Agree with ALL, add for consideration - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Stephany | Kim | STEPHANY.J.KIM@GMAIL.COM | ||||||||||||||
| 744 | 564 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Diagnostic criteria by symptom duration | https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm07 | This diagram lists Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as an anxiety disorder whereas in the DSM V it is plased under Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders. | Major erratum | Verified | Defer to faculty here CC This is on page 587 and it is CORRECTLY LISTED in our text. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Aminh | Kurdi | ninakurdi22@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 745 | 564 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Epilepsy therapy | https://usmle-rx.scholarrx.com/first-aid?id=3778 | Carbamazepine side effects slightly modified to begin with the letters A to H Ataxia, Blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia) , Cleft lip/palate and spina bifida Diplopia, Enhances cytochromeP-450, Flow of ADH (SIADH) , “Grill” the skin (SJS), Harms the liver(liver toxicity ) | Mnemonic | Verified | I think I like more the previous mnemonic suggested, won't migrate for now. -ALL | Yes, the other one seems better. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Giannis | Iona | i.giannis94@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 746 | 564 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Hyperammonemia | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819315-overview | Valproic acid undergoes mitochondrial beta-oxidation in the liver and is converted into toxic metabolite valproyl Co-A. This metabolite depletes the N-acetyl glutamate by inhibition of N-acetyl Glutamate synthetase, which is a cofactor for urea cycle rate-limiting enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS 1). Depletion of N- acetyl glutamate results in inhibition of CPS 1. This inhibition blocks the conversion of ammonia to urea leading to rising in ammonia levels. Also, this fits in with pneumonic provided in the first aid book, VALPPROaTTE. A for Ammonia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject. Does not fit in this chapter. -SI | Can consider, not errata - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sat Prasad | Nepal | satprasad1@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 747 | 564 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Trauma and stress-related disorders | not needed | PTSD - mnemonic bad DREAMS - Distress, Re-experience, Event precedes symptoms, Avoidance of associated stimuli, Month or more, Sympathetic (hyper) arousal | Mnemonic | Verified | I think I like the mnemonic in place better, as this is mixed (mentions symptoms and also other characteristics of the disorder) and the one we currently have is only for symptoms. -ALL | I agree with ALL, the mnemonic in place is better. I would like to add something the current one tho. this: HA2RD4 | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Stephany | Kim | STEPHANY.J.KIM@GMAIL.COM | |||||||||||||
| 748 | 568 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Enuresis | mneumonic | 2+3=5 starting from the shortest (week) to the longest (year). Enuresis is bedwetting at least 2 times/week for at least 3 months in a child at age of at least 5 years | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is not that bad, but it would be too long to explain, I would reject it. -ALL | I think it does not take into account the fact that enuresis can be primary or secondary (where last one occurs when there has been prior continence and then presents incontinence for >6m), so would that require adding more numbers. I think could be confusing - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | ZurabiI | Zaalishvili | zukazaalishvili@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 749 | 568 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease therapy | n/a | Entacapone and Tolcapone - Al Capone kills COMT | Mnemonic | Verified | In the reference provided there is no distinction between 1° generalized tonic-clonic seizures and 2° generalized seizures. I found some sources that mentioned phenytoin is used for the 2° generalized ones, but they were not able to | Not a big fan either. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Christopher | Fontela | cfontela@bellsouth.net | ||||||||||||||
| 750 | 569 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease therapy | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271159/ https://www.medscape.com/answers/1831191-9950/how-effective-is-safinamide-xadago-in-in-increasing-the-benefit-of-levodopa-in-the-management-of-parkinson-disease-pd#qna https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/10.2217/nmt-2020-0017 | Safinamide is used for Parkinson's disease patients as an adjunctive treatment to carbidopa/levodopa. The mechanism of Safinamide action is to prevent dopamine breakdown by inhibition of MAO-B and modulation of glutamate release. Safinamide is used in the mid/late stage of Parkinson's disease, providing a more safe solution with few or no adverse effects. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I don't know if this is HY, I don't remember any questions about this. Won't migrate for now. -ALL | Seconded, LY. -FAR | Agree, LY. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmed Y | Azzam | Ahmedyazzam@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 751 | 570 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Intravenous anesthetics | Multiple UWorld questions, SketchyPharm Neuro/Psych 2.1 | Please consider adding etomidate to the list of IV anesthetics (notable for its relative hemodynamic neutrality.) Additionally, please consider adding that ketamine preserves respiratory drive. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This was already mentioned in annotate last year (googledoc in one of the notes). -ALL | Migrating this comment for the second suggestion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Lexi | Lerner | lexi_lerner@brown.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 752 | 571 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Local anesthetics | Not needed | Order of loss: pAin, tEmperature, tOuch, pRessure (2nd letters are in alphabetical order) | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is too complicated to explain. I would reject. ALL | Agree, too elaborate. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 753 | 571 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-use-of-neuromuscular-blocking-agents-in-anesthesia#H1229812700 | Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs mechanism should say "competitive antagonists of nicotinic receptors" instead of "competitive ACh antagonists" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept as a clarification (not an erratum). We are missing the word "receptors" here. Defer the addition of "nicotinic" to 2022. Please replace "ACh" with "AChR" so that it reads "competitive AChR antagonist." Also, please add "AChR" to the Abbreviations and Symbols chapter. The term is used three times already in the book but has not been defined in section IV. -HB | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Varshini | Sridhar | varmasri@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 754 | 572 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Opioid detoxification and relapse prevention | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-opioid-intoxication-in-adults | Nal-OX-one treats opioid t-OX-icity. Nalt-RE-xone prevents RE-lapse. | Mnemonic | Verified | This is not too bad, we could consider. Migrated. -ALL | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Narciso Rafael | Torres | raffy1203@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 755 | 573 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Glaucoma therapy | not needed | These drugs used to "TAMP" down glaucoma : (T)imolol, (A)2 agonists, (M)annitol, (P)ilocarpine | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not a huge fan of this mnemonic, I wouldn't add. -ALL | Agree, not a big fan either. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Adam | Robins | arobins54@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 756 | 573 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Glaucoma therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1936355/#:~:text=Brimonidine%20has%20a%20dual%20mechanism,(Toris%20et%20al%201995). | "Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of IOP lowering: it both reduces aqueous humor production and stimulates aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral pathway (Toris et al 1995)" | Minor erratum | Verified | I think the user might be right, even though the reference is from 2006, I found the same on Medscape. Will migrate. https://reference.medscape.com/drug/alphagan-p-qoliana-brimonidine-343594#10 -ALL | Migrated to annotate, will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 757 | 575 | Psychiatry | Pharmacology | Tricyclic antidepressants | Not applicable | Clopramine is used in patients with OCD (highlighting th C as the first letter in clopramine and the second in OCD) | Mnemonic | Verified | I wouldn't add, as clomipramine is second line treatment and in my opinion it wouldn't make much sense to highlight only one medication. -ALL | I think it could be added, not only the fact that both share the "C", but as it's the 2nd letter, synonym for 2nd line treatment (reinforcing association) - JM | On page 599. Would be a weak mnemonic to just highlight one letter unfortunately! - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nikolaos | Katsivelos | nkatsivelos@outlook.com | |||||||||||||
| 758 | 576 | Psychiatry | Psychology | Classical conditioning | Not needed | Classical conditioning elicits involuntary responses: classIcal – Involuntary (I - I) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't find this to be very useful, reject. -ALL | this is not high-yield, thus not worth making the change - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 759 | 576 | Psychiatry | Psychology | Classical conditioning | https://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html | We were taught PAVLOV'S EXPERIMENT in CLASS | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not a huge fan of this mnemonic, but if someone wants to add it we could. Won't migrate for now. -ALL | | | | Favour | Ojebiyi | favourojebiyi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 760 | 576 | Psychiatry | Psychology | Operant conditioning | Not needed | Operant conditioning elicits voluntary responses: Operant – vOluntary (O - O) | Mnemonic | Verified | Related to the suggestion above, I don't think this is the worst correlation, but I am not sure formatwise about mnemonics that highlight a single letter in the middle of the word. We could consider later, but I would reject. -ALL | *same as the suggestion above, reject - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 761 | 576 | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous | Operant conditioning | none | I came up with a slightly different table style for operant conditioning while studying for the MCAT. I found it to be much easier to apply to the way questions are written (eg like a real life scenario). The only thing you have to remember is that reinforcement = increases behavior and punishment = decreases behavior. I created a couple of crude sample tables. Thanks. | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't see much difference, I think we should leave the table as it is. -ALL | I find the table on the book to be very clear, I see no need to change it - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | F. Manton | Willoughby | mantonw@msn.com | |||||||||||||
| 762 | 576 | Psychiatry | Psychology | Operant conditioning | https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html | PUNISHMENT and REWARDS teach us how to OPERATE | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this mnemonic really add much. I wouldn't add. - ALL | | | | Favour | Ojebiyi | favourojebiyi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 763 | 578 | Psychiatry | Psychology | Normal infant and child development | it's a mnemonic to an already written info | Primitive reflexes disappear mnemonic: MR. Peanut Butter (M: moro; R: rooting; P:palmar; B: Babinski) | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not a huge fan, but if someone finds this useful, we can add. I won't migrate for now. -ALL | I think this material is not the most HY, but if it does come up, I find the mnemonic easy to remember, I would consider adding. -CCR | Agree it's a bit LY for step 1 (more shelf, step 2 material) but we can add for consideration, agree with CCR that this is an easy to remember mnemonic - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 764 | 580 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Childhood and early-onset disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4853646/ | Intermittent Explosive Outburst - outbursts may provide immediate sense of relief usually followed by remorse. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Maybe this could be helpful to distinguish from DMDD. I'll migrate to annotate. -ALL | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 765 | 581 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Delirium | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.32 | Causes I WATCH DEATH Infection Withdrawal Acute metabolic Trauma CNS pathology Hypoxia Deficiencies Endocrinopathies Acute vascular Toxins or drugs Heavy metals | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not a huge fan of "I WATCH DEATH", even though lists the causes of delirium. I wouldn't add. -ALL | I don't the mnemonic is necessary, usually the question stem provides with a hint on the cause. In my opinion, it puts more info into a "memorization" box - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 766 | 581 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Delirium | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.32 | Life-threatening causes WWHHHHIMPS* Wernicke’s encephalopathy Withdrawal Hypertensive crisis Hypoperfusion/hypoxia of the brain Hypoglycemia Hyper/hypothermia Intracranial process/infection Metabolic/meningitis Poisons Status epilepticus | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't find this useful, I would reject. -ALL | I agree with ALL, not useful, also to remember there are 2xW and 4xH, I think you need to memorized the mnemonic and them memorize what it means, not ideal - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 767 | 581 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Delirium | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.32 | Deliriogenic medications ACUTE CHANGE IN MS14 Antibiotics Cardiac drugs Urinary incontinence drugs Theophylline Ethanol Corticosteroids H2 blockers Antiparkinsonian drugs Narcotics Geriatric psychiatric drugs ENT drugs Insomnia drugs NSAIDs Muscle relaxants Seizure medicines | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is super HY, I wouldn't add. There's mention in Pharm which drugs should be used with caution in the elderly. Reject. -ALL | I find it redundant, as the drugs with their respective SEs are are mentioned in pharma section, by remembering the drugs and also their effect on the elderly, is enough. Agree with ALL. - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 768 | 581 | Renal | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://search.medscape.com/search/?q=slit%20diaphragm | There is minor error in FA 2021, in Renal physiology, it says Slit diaphragm (prevents entry of molecules >4-5 nm (instead of 40-50 nm) | Minor erratum | Verified | This appears to be true, quoted here as 20-50 nm. https://www.pnas.org/content/96/14/7962.full -Christian | I agree - Sylvia | See similar entry below. On page 605 I can't find the size in the UTD article but lit search shows that it is indeed 40-50 nm. Can we crossreference for yield and either change this to 40-50 nm or delete? https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/jnephrol/11/1/1.full.pdf - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ani | Mepharishvili | ani.mepharishvili@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 769 | 582 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Psychosis | No need | In auditory hallucinations (more common in psychiatric illness than medical) replace medical by physical or any equivalent word because psyhciatric illness is a type of medical illness. Do the same in the visual hallucinations; replace medical by physical or any equivalent word. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think this user has a point, we should discuss further in annotate. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20medical%20problem,Mental%20illness%20is%20common. -ALL | Agree with authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 770 | 583 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Manic episode | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition | Hospitalization of the patient and marked functional impairment with ≥ 3 of the symptoms is required for the diagnosis (not only hospitalization) so it is more clear to be writtien like this : "Diagnosis requires marked functional impairment with ≥ 3 of the following lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary): | Clarification to current text | Verified | The user is correct, I will migrate to annotate. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519712/table/ch3.t7/ -ALL | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 771 | 583 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | N/A | apathy, anhedonia instead of apathy. anhedonia | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Joseph | Sneij | dr.joey1@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 772 | 583 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | Not needed | "apathy. anhedonia" should be changed to "apathy, anhedonia" | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 773 | 583 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541012/ | In schizoaffective disorder, a patient must have greater than or equal to 2 weeks of psychotic symptoms without a manic or depressive episode (not greater than 2 weeks alone) according to DSM 5 | Minor erratum | Verified | I think the user is correct, I will migrate to annoate. However I wouldn't consider to be part of publishable errata. -ALL | Agree with ALL | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 774 | 584 | Renal | Physiology | Glucose clearance | simple math + I also confirmed it from the graph in Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13ed pg. 351 | The GFR in the graph from my rough calculations of the filtered slope seem to be 125 ml/min. equation: y=125x where y equals the filtered load, excretion, secretion, or reabsorption, and x equals the arterial plasma concentration of glucose. If so, the point of intersection between the excreted curve and the reabsorbed curve should be at 600 mg/dl not past that. Explanation: Glucose filtered at 600 mg/dl is equal to: 125 ml/min * 6 mg/ml = 750 mg/min thus at 600 mg/dl both excreted and reabsorbed glucose must be 375 mg/min each because (filtered = excreted + reabsorbed) and reabsorption can't go past 375. But from the graph, excreted glucose at 600 mg/dl is less than 375 mg/min. | Minor erratum | Verified | I think it would be best to consult a Nephrologist, this isn't something I feel super comfortable dealing with. --Christian | This makes my head hurt and I would like for Jordan and/or a nephrologist to weigh in. CC This is on page 608. The reader's math is correct and the issue is a simple fix for the illustration team! Just move the point of intersection between the blue (excreted) and red (reabsorbed) dotted lines to line up with the "600" tick on the x-axis. Right now, it looks to be slightly beyond that. I am comfortable accepting this change without faculty review because the issue is due to the representation of the math and not a fact/concept, but okay with consulting with a nephrologist if others prefer! - Connie | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Mahmoud | Abu-Abbas | aa.mdbm@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 775 | 585 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Peripartum mood disturbances | American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2017. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. | Change text "Meets MDD criteria with onset no later than 1 year after delivery." to "Meets MDD criteria with onset no later than 1 month or 4 weeks after delivery." | Major erratum | Verified | Excellent catch, text has not been updated to reflect DSM 5 and needs to be done so. - Connie https://www.uptodate.com/contents/postpartum-unipolar-major-depression-epidemiology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 776 | 586 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Generalized anxiety disorder | https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad/index.shtml | "I FARTS" [ Irritability / Fatiguability / Absent minded (decreased concentration) / Restlessness / Tension in the muscles / Sleep Disturbances ] | Mnemonic | Verified | I think I prefer the mnemonic above (already migrated). I would reject. -ALL | I agree with ALL, prefer mnemonic already on annotate - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abdulla | Jabr | 17221081@rcsi.com | |||||||||||||
| 777 | 586 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Phobias | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition | Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations: 1. Using public transportation 2. Being in open spaces 3. Being in enclosed places 4. Standing in line or being in a crowd. 5. Being outside of the home alone. Individuals with agoraphobia may fear and avoid social situations because escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of incapacitation or panic-like symptoms | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think I would add point #5 and the last part. -ALL | Agree with ALL - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 778 | 587 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Trauma and stress-related disorders | DSM-5 entry on post-traumatic stress disorder | For the entry on PTSD, "rape" should be changed to "sexual violence", both in accordance with current DSM criteria/language and in the spirit of inclusivity and accuracy. Additionally, "experiencing, or discovering that a loved one has experienced" should be changed to: "exposure to (through experiencing, witnessing, or discovering that a loved one has experienced)" on similar grounds. | Minor erratum | Verified | I think this is useful information. Will migrate for further discussion. -ALL | Agree with ALL - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Lexi | Lerner | lexi_lerner@brown.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 779 | 588 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Cluster A personality disorders | https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ps.48.9.1197 | Schizotypal personality disorder: ME PECULIAR (five criteria) M [2]Magical thinking or odd beliefs E [3] Experiences unusual perceptions P [5]Paranoid ideation E [7] Eccentric behavior or appearance C [6]Constricted (or inappropriate) affect U [4]Unusual (odd) thinking and speech L [8]Lacks close friends I [1]Ideas of reference A [9]Anxiety in social situations R Rule out psychotic | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this much detail is HY. I would leave as it is. Also, I am not a fan of the wording of the mnemonic. -ALL | I like the mnemonic, but the explanation behind each letter is too long, maybe if we could make it shorter, have per letter a word or two - JM | A bit long but will add for consideration per JM. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 780 | 588 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Cluster B personality disorders | https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ps.48.9.1197 | Borderline personality disorder: AM. SUICIDE (fIve criteria)2 A {1]Abandonment M [6] Mood instability (marked reactivity of mood) S [5}Suicidal (or self-mutilating) behavior U [2}Unstable and intense relationships I [4}Impulsivity (in two potentially self-damaging areas) C [8]Control of anger I [3]Identity disturbance D [9}Dissociative (or paranoid) symptoms that are transient and stress related E [7]Emptiness (chronic feelings of) | Mnemonic | Verified | Same as above, I'm not a huge fan of the wording of this mnemonic and I don't think this much detail is HY. -ALL | Same comment as above | I don't think the " am suicide" would sit well with some readers - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 781 | 588 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Cluster B personality disorders | https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ps.48.9.1197 | Histrionic personality disorder: PRAISE ME (five criteria) P [2] Provocative (or sexually seductive) behavior R [8}Relationships (considered more intimate than they are) A [1}Attention (uncomfortable when not the center of attention) I [7}Lnfluenced easily S [5}Style of speech (impressionistic, lacks detail) E [3]Emotions (rapidly shifting and shallow) M [4]Made up (physical appearance used to draw attention to self) E [6}Emotions exaggerated (theatrical) | Mnemonic | Verified | Copy from above: Same as above, I'm not a huge fan of the wording of this mnemonic and I don't think this much detail is HY. -ALL | Same comment as above | A bit long but will add for consideration per JM. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 782 | 588 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Cluster B personality disorders | https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ps.48.9.1197 | Narcissistic personality disorder: SPE1CIAL (five criteria) S [3]Special (believes he or she is special and unique) P [2] Preoccupied with fantasies (of unlimited success, pov- er, brilliance, beauty or ideal love) E [8] Envious (of others, or believes others are envious of him or her) E [5]Entitlement E [4] Excess admiration required C [1] Conceited (grandiose sense of self importance) I [6]Interpersonal exploitation A [9]Arrogant (haughty) L [7]Lacks empathy | Mnemonic | Verified | Copy from above: Same as above, I'm not a huge fan of the wording of this mnemonic and I don't think this much detail is HY. -ALL | Same comment as above | A bit long but will add for consideration per JM. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 783 | 588 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Cluster C personality disorders | https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ps.48.9.1197 | Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: LA\V F! RMS (four criteria) L [1}Loses point ofactivity (due to preoccupation with de- tail) A [2]Abihity to complete tasks (compromised b’ perfecionism) w [5}Worthless objects (unable to discard) F [3]Fniendships (and leisure activities) excluded (due to a preoccupation with work) I [4] Inflexible, scrupulous, overconscientious (on ethics, values, or morality, not accounted for by religion or culture) R [6] Reluctant to delegate (unless others submit to exact guidelines) M [7]Miserly (toward selfand others) S [8}Stubbornness (and rigidity) | Mnemonic | Verified | Copy from above: Same as above, I'm not a huge fan of the wording of this mnemonic and I don't think this much detail is HY. -ALL | I don't know who people will remember the mnemonic, like to association to the disorder, and then the explanation for it is also long, I would reject it - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 784 | 589 | Renal | Pathology | Pyelonephritis | no new info is being presented | To remember which is an UPPER vs LOWER urinary tract infection (acute cystitis or pyelonephritis) use this fun rhyme! Py(elonephritis) is high (ie upper UTI infection)! Say 'pye is high' and you will never forget! Acute nephritis, on the other hand, does not rhyme with 'high', so you know it is alternatively, a lower UTI. | Mnemonic | Verified | Not sure this is super helpful, I would opt not to include it -Christian | Agreed with Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michelle | Galindez | mgalinde@buffalo.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 785 | 590 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Eating disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/binge-eating-disorder-in-adults-overview-of-treatment?search=Binge-eating%20disorder&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | For patients with binge eating disorder who do not respond to one to two courses of an SSRI, we suggest an antiepileptic (eg, topiramate) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | There's no way this level of depth is going to come up on step 1. Probably not even on step 2. -KD | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Zaid | Alwarawrah | zaid_warawra@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||
| 786 | 591 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Cluster A personality disorders | https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ps.48.9.1197 | Schizotypal personality disorder: ME PECULIAR (five criteria) M [2]Magical thinking or odd beliefs E [3] Experiences unusual perceptions P [5]Paranoid ideation E [7] Eccentric behavior or appearance C [6]Constricted (or inappropriate) affect U [4]Unusual (odd) thinking and speech L [8]Lacks close friends I [1]Ideas of reference A [9]Anxiety in social situations R Rule out psychotic disorders and pervasive developmental disorder | Mnemonic | Verified | Duplicate suggestion. Reject. -ALL | Duplicate - JM | Duplicate | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 787 | 591 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Substance use disorder | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.32 | Substance dependence ADDICTeD Activities are given up or reduced Dependence, physical: tolerance Dependence, physical: withdrawal Intrapersonal (Internal) consequences, physical or psychological Can’t cut down or control use Time-consuming Duration or amount of use is greater than intended | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is too complicated, I would reject. -ALL | Too long and complicated, reject - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 788 | 591 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Substance use disorder | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.32 | Substance abuse WILD Work, school, or home role obligation failures Interpersonal or social consequences Legal problems Dangerous use | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is helpful as it only includes a few characteristics. Reject. -ALL | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 789 | 593 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Psychiatric emergencies | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.29 | Serotonin syndrome HARMED Hyperthermia Autonomic instability Rigidity Myoclonus Encephalopathy Diaphoresis | Mnemonic | Verified | I think the mnemonic in place is better, given that one of the main differences between serotonin syndrome and NMS is rigidity. I wouldn't like to confuse users. Reject. -ALL | Completely agree with ALL, reject it - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 790 | 594 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7224271/ https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1010821-clinical#b4 | PCP intoxication can mydriasis (6.2%) or miosis( 2.1%) . In both of these cases , the incidence is low and is not an important diagnostic clue. so, it is better not to mention it in the FA | Minor erratum | Verified | The first reference provided is from 1981, I could not access the article. However, the second one does mention miosis and mydriasis to have low incidences. I don't see any harm in mentioning miosis as part of the symptoms of intoxication, but we can discuss it further in annotate. I would not include as erratum. -ALL | Agree with ALL - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Raed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 791 | 594 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal | FA2021 p594 | Cannabis | Mnemonic | Verified | This is a decent mnemonic, I am not sure about "USE", but we can discuss further in annotate. -ALL | I think use can be helpful, its a common word in SUDs. -CCR. I like the mnemonic, I will accept it - JM | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Lina | Han | hanlina.cn@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 792 | 594 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | https://thecorrespondent.com/352/deciphering-the-pandemic-a-guide-to-understanding-the-coronavirus-numbers/46555890304-c23a82af | In the equation of Case fatality rate , it is 100% not 100 ( it is mathematically incorrect) | Minor erratum | Verified | agreed, should be added - JM | Consider for 2022. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Raed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 793 | 595 | Renal | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | Pathoma, FA 2020 (this is just a mnemonic that goes along with what's in FA already) | nephr*I*tic syndrome ; *I*nflammatory nephr*O*tic syndrome ; pr*O*teinuria. *letter* = bolded | Mnemonic | Verified | Again, not sure if I would include this; many other causes of nephritic processes besides inflammatory etiologies. -Christian | Agreed with Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jenna | Sands | jenna.sands@emory.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 794 | 595 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Nephritic_syndrome | Nephritic-nephrotic syndrome: proteinuria >3.5 g/day + features of nephritic (book incorrectly reads " and features of nephrotic) | Major erratum | Verified | Agree, reject. -christian | This is page 619 and our text is correct. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | FADIL | MOHAMMAD | FADIL-11@HOTMAIL.COM | ||||||||||||||
| 795 | 595 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | None | On the table for clinical presentation, I believe nephritic-nephrotic syndrome should read "nephrotic-range proteinuria and concomitant features of nephritic syndrome" instead of the current "concomitant features of nephrotic syndrome" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Philip | Wang | prw29@case.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 796 | 597 | Psychiatry | Pharmacology | Antipsychotics | N/A | Just a suggestion - to reformat the antipsychotics page so that the drugs are classified in tables (using colored boxes, for example on p. 616) - so that the page isn't a wall of text and comparisons can be made more easily. Hopefully this will simplify the page. I started sketching a quick example in case helpful! | Spelling/formatting | Verified | I think this could be a good idea, but a lot of work for this edition. Also, I'm not sure if this would fit the style of the book. We could consider for next year's edition. -ALL | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 797 | 599 | Renal | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/453539-overview | Neurogenic bladder is classified under overflow incontinence but presents clinically as urgency incontinence | Major erratum | Verified | Agree with Connie -christian | This suggestion isn't right, see UTD link. CC https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-complications-of-spinal-cord-injury-and-disease?search=neurogenic%20bladder&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Barat | Venkataramany | barat.venkataramany@rockets.utoledo.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 798 | 599 | Renal | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptom-management-of-multiple-sclerosis-in-adults | In FA, Multiple Sclerosis is listed as being associated with overflow incontinence and neurogenic bladder, but there is a U World question saying MS is associated with urge incontinence due to UMN spasticity. U World specifically says that MS is NOT associated with overflow incontinence/ neurogenic bladder, but cauda equina is. There is conflicting information online and an argument could be made that MS is associated with all three types of bladder dysfunction, but resources overwhelmingly say that MS is most closely associated with urgency incontinence. A small clarifying remark about this in FA would be very helpful! | Clarification to current text | Verified | Already added to Annotate. MS is associated with a neurogenic bladder secondary to upper or lower motor neuron impairment and can manifest as various subtypes of incontinence such as urge or overflow incontinence. Cauda equina syndrome can also present similarly. In this case, it may be best to remove MS from being an example of overflow incontinence or include neurological damage as a cause of urgency incontinence - Sylvia | | | | Kelsey | Reinsch | kelsaudrey@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 799 | 602 | Renal | Embryology | Kidney embryology | not needed | In the metanephros section there is an extra period. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Hsinyu | Yn | hsinyu94@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 800 | 602 | Renal | Embryology | Kidney embryology | none needed | a double period: "week 36 of gestation.." | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 801 | 602 | Renal | Embryology | Kidney embryology | typo | (minor error , a double period): "week 36 of gestation.." | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 802 | 602 | Renal | Embryology | Kidney embryology | First Aid | Under "Metanephros", there is an extra period after "week 36 of gestation". | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | This is correct, there are two periods. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Christy | Chan | christy.chan@stonybrookmedicine.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 803 | 602 | Renal | Embryology | Kidney embryology | non needed | It is written that pronephros - week 3 of development which is not true. It forms and degenerates on week 4 | Minor erratum | Verified | Looking for sources on this. I am unable to find an exact answer for when it degenerates in humans. There is information on rats and other species, but since they have different gestational periods, I'm not sure how it carries over. Will add to annotate to discuss further. -Sylvia | | | | Mohammed Osama Sobhi Fahmi | Alalfi | medoalalfi2@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 804 | 602 | Renal | Embryology | Kidney embryology | gestation.." Double period. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Sarim | Mirza | sarim1@ualberta.ca | ||||||||||||||||||
| 805 | 603 | Renal | Embryology | Horseshoe kidney | Not needed | Horseshoe kidney is associated with Turner syndrome and the trisomies: it’s my Turn to Tri Horseback riding (Turner, Trisomies – Horseshoe kidney) | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not sure if this necessarily requires a mnemonic. Very indifferent to it. Will add to annotate for further discussion -Sylvia | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 806 | 604 | Renal | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://micro2tele.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/histoquarterly_renal-corpusle-mp.png?w=640 | in the histology picture, whats labelled as DCT is not right. this is the PCT. Brush border is seen in the PCT. | Minor erratum | Verified | Agree with Connie will move to Annotate. -christian | Okay we need a pathologist or nephrologist to review the histology here. - Connie | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Majd | Rubaeih | u17100170@sharjah.ac.ae | ||||||||||||||
| 807 | 605 | Renal | Pathology | Acute cystitis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-simple-cystitis-in-women | Nitros in Urine need Nitrofurantoin then try Trimethoprim! | Mnemonic | Verified | Would opt not to include unless others feel strongly - christian | Agreed with Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Maleeha | Afreen | ma854@georgetown.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 808 | 605 | Renal | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/biology-of-glomerular-podocytes?search=slit%20diaphrgm&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | slit diaphram size is 50-60nm not 5-6nm | Minor erratum | Verified | This is correct, verified and included in Annotate. See row #1. -christian | See similar entry above. I can't find the size in the UTD article but lit search shows that it is indeed 40-50 nm. Can we crossreference for yield and either change this to 40-50 nm or delete? https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/jnephrol/11/1/1.full.pdf - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | karan | kumar | karankumarlarai@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 809 | 605 | Renal | Physiology | Glomerular filtration barrier | N/A | It says "Charger barrier" but I think it should read "Charge barrier" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Chloe | Jensen | chloe.aevm@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 810 | 609 | Renal | Pharmacology | Diuretics: electrolyte changes | N/A | Under urine NaCl, it says that the strength of the increase in urine NaCl varies based on the potency of diuretic effect. As potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce an effect, and efficacy refers to the strength of the effect of the drug itself, the structure of the sentence may cause confusion. The sentence should be: strength varies based on the efficacy of the diuretic. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree with Connie that potency is correct term -christian | Potency is correct term here. - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohamed | Elnaeim | mohamed.alhilal@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 811 | 609 | Renal | Pharmacology | Potassium-sparing diuretics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mechanism-of-action-of-diuretics#H5 | use the mnemonic "SEA-TAN" to quickly differentiate potassium-sparing diuretics: (Spironolactone, Eplerenone for Aldosterone antagonist VS. Triamterene, Amiloride for Na+ Channel Blockers) | Mnemonic | Verified | Not HY. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | John | Llamoso | johnllamoso@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 812 | 610 | Renal | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/genetic-disorders-of-the-collecting-tubule-sodium-channel-liddles-syndrome-and-pseudohypoaldosteronism-type-1#H10 | "Give LIDDLE a RIDE" - Liddle syndrome is treated with AmiloRIDE! | Mnemonic | Verified | Not HY. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mariam | Chishty | mariamchishty@live.co.uk | |||||||||||||||
| 813 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Delirium | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.32 | Causes I WATCH DEATH Infection Withdrawal Acute metabolic Trauma CNS pathology Hypoxia Deficiencies Endocrinopathies Acute vascular Toxins or drugs Heavy metals | Mnemonic | Verified | Duplicate suggestion. Reject. -ALL | Duplicate - JM | Duplicate | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 814 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.30 | Paranoid personality disorder SUSPECT Spousal infidelity suspected Unforgiving (bears grudges) Suspicious Perceives attacks (and reacts quickly) Enemy or friend? (suspects associates and friends) Confiding in others is feared Threats perceived in benign events | Mnemonic | Verified | Copy from above: Same as above, I'm not a huge fan of the wording of this mnemonic and I don't think this much detail is HY. -ALL | I think the word paranoid in its self is good enough, no need a mnemonic - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 815 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.30 | Schizotypal personality disorder ME PECULIAR9 Magical thinking Experiences unusual perceptions Paranoid ideation Eccentric behavior or appearance Constricted or inappropriate affect Unusual thinking or speech Lacks close friends Ideas of reference Anxiety in social situations Rule out psychotic or pervasive developmental disorders | Mnemonic | Verified | Duplicate suggestion. Reject. -ALL | Duplicate - JM | Duplicate | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 816 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.30 | Schizotypal personality disorder ME PECULIAR Magical thinking Experiences unusual perceptions Paranoid ideation Eccentric behavior or appearance Constricted or inappropriate affect Unusual thinking or speech Lacks close friends Ideas of reference Anxiety in social situations Rule out psychotic or pervasive developmental disorders | Mnemonic | Verified | Duplicate suggestion. Reject. -ALL | Duplicate - JM | Duplicate | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 817 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.30 | Borderline personality disorder IMPULSIVE Impulsive Moodiness Paranoia or dissociation under stress Unstable self-image Labile intense relationships Suicidal gestures Inappropriate anger Vulnerability to abandonment Emptiness (feelings of) | Mnemonic | Verified | Copy from above: Same as above, I'm not a huge fan of the wording of this mnemonic and I don't think this much detail is HY. -ALL | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 818 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.30 | Schizoid personality disorder DISTANT Detached or flattened affect Indifferent to criticism or praise Sexual experiences of little interest Tasks done solitarily Absence of close friends Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships Takes pleasure in few activities | Mnemonic | Verified | Copy from above: Same as above, I'm not a huge fan of the wording of this mnemonic and I don't think this much detail is HY. -ALL | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 819 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.30 | Antisocial personality disorder CORRUPT Cannot conform to law Obligations ignored Reckless disregard for safety Remorseless Underhanded (deceitful) Planning insuff cient (impulsive) Temper (irritable and aggressive) | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this mnemonic, but I think it's too long. We could reconsider if someone likes it. Won't migrate for now. -ALL | I think this is one of the personality disorders that this detailed of a mnemonic is not necessary. -CCR. I think the word antisocial in itself is enough, mnemonic not needed - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 820 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.30 | Borderline personality disorder DESPAIRER Disturbance of identity Emotionally labile Suicidal behavior Paranoia or dissociation Abandonment (fear of) Impulsive Relationships unstable Emptiness (feelings of) Rage (inappropriate) | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not sure of how useful this mnemonic is, I think the one's we have in place are sufficient. -ALL | Same as above. -CCR. I find no relationship been mnemonic and the disorder, would reject it - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 821 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.31 | Histrionic personality disorder PRAISE ME Provocative or seductive behavior Relationships considered more intimate than they are Attention (need to be the center of) Inf uenced easily Style of speech (impressionistic, lacking detail) Emotions (rapidly shifting, shallow) Make up (physical appearance used to draw attention to self) Emotions exaggerated | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think personality disorders are as HY as other psychiatric disorders in terms of remembering every single symptom/characteristic. I don't think complex mnemonics should be added. -ALL | Duplicate - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 822 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.31 | Narcissistic personality disorder GRANDIOSE Grandiose Requires attention Arrogant Need to be special Dreams of success and power Interpersonally exploitative Others (unable to recognize feelings/needs of) Sense of entitlement Envious | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think personality disorders are as HY as other psychiatric disorders in terms of remembering every single symptom/characteristic. I don't think complex mnemonics should be added. -ALL | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 823 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.31 | Dependent personality disorder RELIANCE Reassurance required Expressing disagreement diff cult Life responsibilities assumed by others Initiating projects diff cult Alone (feels helpless and uncomfortable when alone) Nurturance (goes to excessive lengths to obtain) Companionship sought urgently when a relationship ends Exaggerated fears of being left to care for self | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think personality disorders are as HY as other psychiatric disorders in terms of remembering every single symptom/characteristic. I don't think complex mnemonics should be added. -ALL | I think the name of the disease is enough to explain or give an idea what it is about, reject it - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 824 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.31 | Histrionic personality disorder ACTRESSS Appearance focused Center of attention Theatrical Relationships (believed to be more intimate than they are) Easily influenced Seductive behavior Shallow emotions Speech (impressionistic and vague) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think personality disorders are as HY as other psychiatric disorders in terms of remembering every single symptom/characteristic. I don't think complex mnemonics should be added. -ALL | Between the mnemonic above and this one, I like more the 1st one - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 825 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.31 | Avoidant personality disorder CRINGES Criticism or rejection preoccupies thoughts in social situations Restraint in relationships due to fear of shame Inhibited in new relationships Needs to be sure of being liked before engaging socially Gets around occupational activities with need for interpersonal contact Embarrassment prevents new activity or taking risks Self viewed as unappealing or inferior | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think personality disorders are as HY as other psychiatric disorders in terms of remembering every single symptom/characteristic. I don't think complex mnemonics should be added. -ALL | I somewhat like the mnemonic, but the explanation behind is too long, I would reject it - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 826 | 611 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Personality | Current Psychiatry Vol. 7, No. 10, p.31 | Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder SCRIMPER* Stubborn Cannot discard worthless objects Rule obsessed Inf exible Miserly Perfectionistic Excludes leisure due to devotion to work Reluctant to delegate to others | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think personality disorders are as HY as other psychiatric disorders in terms of remembering every single symptom/characteristic. I don't think complex mnemonics should be added. -ALL | Same as comment above - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jan Andre | Grauman | jgrauman@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 827 | 611 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | . | glomerulonephritis with polyangitis fomerly known as (Wegner) not (Churg-strauss) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | This is correct and already added to Annotate. -christian | Per Christian. | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohamed | Gamal | mohamed_gamal9788@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 828 | 613 | Renal | Physiology | Juxtaglomerular apparatus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-beta-blockers | It is writen under the heading Juxtaglomerular apparatus that, "In addition to vasodilatory properties, Beta blockers can decrease BP by.....". The starting of this sentence is incorrect. Blood vessels have beta-2 receptors and they, when stimulated, cause vasodilation. Therefore, non selective beta blockers block this beta 2 receptor and they cause vasoconstriction and increased peripheral vascular resistance.. Beta blockers do not cause vasodilation. | Minor erratum | Verified | This is an already proposed erratum. Is being worked up in annotate. SM. | | | | Sujan | Kafle | sujank79@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 829 | 614 | Reproductive | Embryology | NEW FACT | UWorld question ID 12262 | Angiotensin II is required for normal fetal renal development. Low levels of angiotensin II may impair cranial vascularization and result in hypoplasia of skull bones | Clarification to current text | Verified | not such a HY fact, even for uwrold, Rejected. VP | Agree to reject, low yield. --CK | Can be considered for 2022. -KD Agree with Vasileios. Seems LY. We talk about the teratogenic effects of ACEIs in the Renal chapter. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Noah | Saunders | noahsaunders13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 830 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | Not needed. | Under the GOLDMARKS acronym for increased anion gap metabolic acidosis , ketones is spelled as "keytones". | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Angela | Nguyen | avnguyen@student.uiwtx.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 831 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fasting-ketosis-and-alcoholic-ketoacidosis | "Ketones" misspelled as "keytones" in GOLDMARK | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Tatiana | Santos | tatisantosmd@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 832 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/simple-and-mixed-acid-base-disorders?search=acidosis%20alkalosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H365263262 | Use ROME when looking at pH to determine whether respiratory or metabolic acidosis. Respiratory = Opposite (eg pH is decreased but [HCO3-] is increased) ; Metabolic = Equal (eg pH is decreased and PCO2 is decreased). Same mnemonic can be used for alkalosis. Respiratory = Opposite (eg increased pH but decreased [HCO3]; Metabolic = Equal (eg increased pH and increased PCO2). | Mnemonic | Verified | This is a little confusing to me, would not include; but perhaps others feel differently? -christian | Added to Annotate - Sylvia | I personally don't like ROME but I know a lot of people do. Let's migrate to annotate to discuss further. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nicholas | Clausen | nicholasclausen@rcsi.ie | |||||||||||||
| 833 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | previous edition of the first aid book | Mnemonic GOLDMARK ; L- L-lactate D- D-lactate instead have it as L - lactate (lactic acidosis/exogenous) and D - diabetic ketoacidosis | Clarification to current text | Verified | Don't think this is necessary as DKA is already covered in the "K" (ketones) - christian | No, the way we have it is correct. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hafsa | Omer Sulaiman | hafsa.235o@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 834 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | not required | in increased anion gap metabolic acidosis section, last word should be ketones instead of 'keytones' | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | The student is correct. This is a spelling error. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Divya | Patel | impateldivya@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 835 | 616 | Renal | Anatomy and Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | dictionary | Under Anion Gap, Ketones is spelled “Keytones” | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | The student is correct. This is a spelling error. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Christy | Chan | christy.chan@stonybrookmedicine.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 836 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | mnemonic | A COW hypoventilates sometimes: The causes of respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation start with the letters "A COW": Airway obstruction, Acute lung disease, Chronic lung disease, Opioids/sedatives, Weakening of respiratory muscles | Mnemonic | Verified | Not really a fan of this mnemonic. Thoughts before I migrate to annotate? -Sylvia | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 837 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fasting-ketosis-and-alcoholic-ketoacidosis | Change Keytones to Ketones | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Shreya | Dhungana | shreyadhungana@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 838 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | Lower right quadrant of the text says KEYTONES instead of ketones | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Amaar | Akbaraliev | akbaralievamaar@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 839 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Ketone bodies | https://www.pathoma.com/playjw?chapter=15&speed=1x# | In increased anion gap box, the last one "Keytones" should be "ketones". It's not that important but I just wanted to help you guys make first aid flawless. Thanks | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Arda | Erden | arerden@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 840 | 617 | Renal | Physiology | Renal tubular acidosis | FA 2021 P617 | Please highlight number "1" in "type 1" to match mnemonic "stone" and highlight number "4" in "type 4" to match mnemonic "NH4". | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree, added to annotate - christian | This is a good catch, need to update mnemonic treatment as suggested by the reader. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 841 | 617 | Renal | Physiology | Renal tubular acidosis | https://eclinpath.com/chemistry/kidney/physiology/renal-ammonia-2/#:~:text=The%20kidney%20is%20capable%20of,from%20glutamine%20(amino%20acid).&text=1)%20In%20the%20proximal%20tubule,%2B)%20is%20generated%20from%20glutamine. | In the graphic for Hyperkalemic tubular acidosis (RTA type 4), ammonia (NH3) is written with a positive charge "NH3+"[sic]. Ammonia should not have a positive charge. If it were positively charged, it would not be able to freely diffuse across the cell membrane into the urine lumen (as drawn in the graphic). | Major erratum | Verified | Agree, added to annotate - christian | This suggestion is correct CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michelle | Zhu | zhu.michelle@ymail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 842 | 617 | Renal | Physiology | Renal tubular acidosis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-and-pathophysiology-of-renal-tubular-acidosis-and-the-effect-on-potassium-balance#H42786907 | Not showing that RTA1 is also caused by mutations in the Cl-HCO3 exchanger AE1 (SLC4A1). Not shown is the Na/HCO3 cotransporter that is mutated in RTA2. | Major erratum | Verified | This could be correct, requires expert review in my opinion. If it is correct, not sure its very HY...Thoughts? -christian | I agree, I do not think this is HY. Never got asked this on practice questions or board exam - Sylvia | Needs expert review/input for how HY this mechanism is. CC | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Mark | Parker | parker28@buffalo.edu | |||||||||||||
| 843 | 619 | Renal | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | Wiki: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome ; Uptodate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/complications-of-nephrotic-syndrome-in-children | Increased risk to infections due to Ig loss in urine. Common infections are peritonitis, meningoencephalitis and septicemia caused by Strep. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure if this is HY. Thoughts before I add to annotate? -Sylvia | | | | Shivam | Pandey | cvampandey2000@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 844 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | In the "Rapidly Progressive/Crescentic Glomerulonephritis" the pauci-immune section reads as follows "Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (formerly known as Churg-Strauss)". Granulomatosis with polyangitis was formerly known as Wegener's, while Churg-Strauss corresponds to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis | Minor erratum | Verified | Corrected as above.-christian | This is correct, replace churg strauss with wegeners. - Connie | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | ERRATA - Minor | | | | David Eugenio | Hinojosa-Gonzalez | dhigo.md@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 845 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Under the Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis section the phrasing "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)" is used. This is incorrect as granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Wegner's polyangiitis not Churg-Strauss syndrome. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Trell | Stroud | tstroud3@uthsc.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 846 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis article from UpToDate | granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome). the former name is Wegner's granulomatosis while Churg-strauss syndrome is the former name for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Agree but this has already been addressed in previous errata row #21. Already added to Annotate - Sylvia | | | | Salem | AlBlooshi | salem1aalbaloushi@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 847 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Granulomatous inflammation | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | granulomatosis with polyangiitis(formerly name Churg Strauss) actually formerly name is Wegener Granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | esra | baglar | esratc@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 848 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | First aid 2020 edition | Well this error is in 2021 edition. As you haven't started taking error of this edition, I have to submit it here. First aid 2020 edition page 596 -Rapidly Proliferative Glomerulopathy- granulomatosis with polyangitis(Wegner). In Firstaid 2021, page 620 Nephritic syndrome- Rapidly Proliferative Glomerulopathy - granulomatosis with polyangitis(formely called Churg-Strauss Syndrome). Please, its Wegner disease not Churg Strauss. Please correct it. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sourav | Haldkar | sourav.haldkar@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 849 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | First Aid 2020 page 596 | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is not formerly called Churg-Strauss it is called Wegener's granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Andrew | Peverini | apeverini13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 850 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis#H182265351 | Under "Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis" granulomatosis with polyangitis is listed as "formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome - c-ANCA". However, this should read "formerly Wegener's granulomatosis." Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (p-ANCA) was formerly known as Churg-Strauss. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Raelynn | Vigue | rvigue7@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 851 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Page 485 of the text states that Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as Churg-Strauss, not granulomatosis with polyangiitis | The text states granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Ashley | Roberts | arobs96@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 852 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-respiratory-tract-involvement?search=c%20anca&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H7 | Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)—PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Microscopic polyangiitis—MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Karan | Kumar | karankumarlarai@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 853 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www-uptodate-com.arktos.nyit.edu/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=wegener%20granulomatosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as *Wegener granulomatosis*. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as *Churg Strauss* | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Laura | Goyarts | Lgoyarts@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 854 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://usmle-rx.scholarrx.com/first-aid?id=1203 | I caught a typo. You guys wrote that Granulomatosis with Polyangitis used to be called Churg Strauss and I believe you meant to write "formerly called Wegener's Granulomatosis" I attached a screen shot of the error | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Kyla | Rakoczy | kxr173@med.miami.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 855 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351088#:~:text=Granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis%20is%20an,to%20some%20of%20your%20organs. | It says " granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome)" this incorrect. it was formerly known as "Wegener granulomatosis". | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 856 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24485158/ | "granulomatosis with polyangiitis(formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)—PR3-ANCA." Its formerly known as a WEGENER, not Churg-Strauss syndrome, which is known as Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | GIANNIS | IONA | i.giannis94@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 857 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | SGU | n the Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis section: it says " granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome)" this incorrect. it was formerly known as "Wegener granulomatosis". eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as Churg-Strauss. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 858 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly Wegener's, not Churg-Strauss | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Margaret | Kaszycki | mkaszycki22@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 859 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview&ved=2ahUKEwi-_KyQl-TuAhX1lFwKHUsmC-gQFjAXegQIFBAB&usg=AOvVaw3n3qIMu7hU6nbegpvFs1-6 | Granulomatosis with polyangitis (formerly Wegener's) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Rana | Irilouzadian | Rana.irz97@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 860 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/#:~:text=Granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis%20(GPA)%20is,in%20adults%20and%20older%20people. | Under the rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis section, it says "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)" which is wrong, as GWP was previously called Wegener's granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Hebah | Soudan | hebah.soudan@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 861 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Not needed. | Under Pauci-immune RPGN, it states "Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg-Struass)". This is incorrect as it was formerly known as Wegner's Granulomatosis | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Arif | Shamim | ashamim@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 862 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prognosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss?search=churg%20strauss&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~104&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | It currently reads "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) - PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA". The issue is two fold. One is that it was actually formerly Wegener's granulomatosis. Secondly, this phrasing would lead one to believe that Churg-Strauss is c-ANCA positive, whereas is it actually p-ANCA positive. Churg Strauss syndrome is actually eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Harrison | Davis | tuh27804@temple.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 863 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | FA has listed, “granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)”. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as Wegener’s polyangitis. In regards to Churg-Strauss syndrome Churg-Strauss syndrome it is now known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Kush | Patel | Kpatel36@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 864 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30404111/ | In the Nephritic Syndromes, under Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis it states that Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis was formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome where in fact it was actually formerly known as Wegener Granulomatosis. Eosinophillic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis was formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Harvey | Guzman | hguzman@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 865 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Boards and Beyond "Nephritic Syndrome" , First Aid 2021 page 485 | Churg Strauss Syndrome should have a P-ANCA as properly noted on page 485 of First Aid 2021 as well as Boards and Beyond. However, on page 620 First Aid 2021 there is the following statement: (Churg Strauss Syndrome)-PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA" seen under the rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. I believe it should be MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA as opposed to the PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Moza | Hamud | mhamud1@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 866 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | N/A | On the 3rd bullet point under RPGN, the book states that Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly called Churg Strauss. However, granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly Wegener's Granulomatosis. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly Churg Strauss Syndrome. Bullet point should read: Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's granulomatosis)—PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg Strauss Syndrome) or Microscopic polyangiitis —MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Eleanor | Pratt | e.pratt1616@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 867 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=wegener%20granulomatosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | In the "Rapidly Progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis" subsection, the parenthetical to describe Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is listed as "formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome." However, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis was formerly Wegener's granulomatosis and is still referred to as such in some sources. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Julia | Tunze | jtunze@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 868 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333492-overview#a5 | The text says: “granulomatosis with polyangiitis is c-ANCA, but is p-ANCA | Major erratum | Verified | agree, reject - christian | Our text is correct. Another source: https://www.hopkinsvasculitis.org/types-vasculitis/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/#:~:text=ANCAs%20come%20in%20two%20primary,disease%20%E2%80%94%20have%20these%20antibodies). - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Carolina | de Jesus | krol_santos07@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 869 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Under rapidly progressive gloerulonephritis section, line #7, it is mentioned "granulomatosis with polyangitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)" but, this disease was formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis. "Churg-Strauss syndrome" should be used for "eosinophilic granulomarosis with polyangitis". | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Siddharth | Patel | siddharth.siddharth.patel@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 870 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | it reads:' granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)' this is not correct. The correct information is: granulomatosis with polyangitis (formely Wegener's granulomatosis) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Cecilia | Rosales | ceciliarh88@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 871 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | In the text it is stated that granulomatosis with polyangiitis being formerly called Churg-Strauss syndrome, while Wegener's granulomatosis is the formal name for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Mohammed | Shehada | moe.zeidieh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 872 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | says Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Formerly known as Churg-strauss) - should be formerly known as Wegners granulomatosis. Churg-strauss syndrome was formerly known as eosinophillic granulomatosis with polyangitits. both are still c-ANCA +ve | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Cody | Russell | cnrussell95@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 873 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | In the section on Rapidly Progressive (crescentic) Glomerulonephritis, it lists the possible disease processes for a negative IF. It incorrectly states that granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Churgg-Strauss. However, granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Wegener's (I believe), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Churgg-Strauss. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Madison | Wahl | madisondianewahl@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 874 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351088 | "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)" It should be granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's granulomatosis) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Dillieanna | Samai | dsamai94@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 875 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557827/ | In the text, granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly referred to as 'Churg-Strauss syndrome); however it is supposed to be 'Formerly referred to as Wegeners granulomatosis'. Churg-strauss is also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis which can be added later on in this paragraph. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Yusuf | Hallak | yusufhallak99@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 876 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Change text "Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)" to "Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener Granulomatosis)" | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Asterios | Symeonidis | symeaste@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 877 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | compare the 2 pages on p485 and p620 from firstaid. I took screenshots and highlighted the mistakes. Here is a link proving Churg-Strauss being Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis ==> https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/churg-strauss-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353760. | wrong information provided on page 620 concerning Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. in addition, the information contradicts what is written on page 485 | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Hassan | EL Jesr | HassanElJesr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 878 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | compare the 2 pages on p485 and p620 from firstaid. I took screenshots and highlighted the mistakes. Here is a link proving Churg-Strauss being Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis ==> https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/churg-strauss-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353760. I attached a picture with the correct answers. | wrong information provided on page 620 concerning Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis. in addition, the information contradicts what is written on page 485 | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Hassan | EL Jesr | HassanElJesr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 879 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | Under "Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis", granulomatosis with polyangiitis is noted to be "formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome" when Churg-Strauss syndrome is actually "eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly "Wegener's granulomatosis. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Agreed, many people have commented on this, migrate to Annotate. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Christy | Chan | christy.chan@stonybrookmedicine.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 880 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly named Wegener's granulomatosis [ not Churg-Strauss, which is the former name of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis] | Major erratum | Duplicate | Agreed, many people have commented on this, migrate to Annotate. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Najmeh | Pakniyat | npakniyat@icloud.com | |||||||||||||||
| 881 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | mnemonic | The different nephritic syndromes can be remembered with "I AM RAD": IgA nephropathy, Alport Syndrome, Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, Acute PSGN, DPGN | Mnemonic | Verified | Not bad. Added to annotate. -Sylvia | | | | Margaret | Gonikman | mgonikman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 882 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7609341/ | In Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, Churg strauss vasculitis is associated with p-ANCA/MPO-ANCA and Wegener vasculitis is associated with c-ANCA/PR3-ANCA.IN 2021 VERSION OF FA,THERE IS AN ERROR IN THE RENAL SECTION UNDER NEPHRITIC SYNDROME | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | SANJAIKRISHNA | P.K. | krishnarocksit@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 883 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Granulomatosis with polyangitis was formerly known as wegners not churg-strauss | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Abdallah | AL-Qawasmeh | Abdallah-k99@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 884 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=wagner%20granulomatosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) change to formerly wegener's granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Shreya | Dhungana | shreyadhungana@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 885 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://medlineplus.gov/granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis.html | States that granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, however it was formerly known as Wegener's Granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Alexander | Robertson | Robertsona@calmedu.org | |||||||||||||||||
| 886 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Granulamtosis wih polyangitis formrly Known as Wegnar which is C-ANCA positive and Eosinophilic granulomatosis is Churg stuass | Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)—PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Microscopic polyangiitis—MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Almiqdad | Saeed | saeed.meqdad@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 887 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Renovascular disease | https://usmle-rx.com/submit-errata-and-suggestions-for-first-aid-step-1/ | Under the "Negative IF/Pauci-immune section related to RPGN, the book describes granulomatosis with polyangitis as formerly being called Churg Strauss syndrome. It was formerly known was Wegener syndrome. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Carlos | Sanchez | carlos_sanchez1022@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 888 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Vasculitides | NA | Under rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis -- negative IF/Pauci-immune: it says that granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Churg Strauss Syndrome where as it actually is formerly Wegner's and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Churg Strauss. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Hala | Al Kallas | hala.alkallas@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 889 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869584/ | In the rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis statement it says: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg -Strauss syndrome) where it should say (formerly Wegener) | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Maria Paula | Pineda | mariapaula2799@hotmail.co, | |||||||||||||||||
| 890 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333492-overview | First Aid Says: "Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)—PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Microscopic polyangiitis—MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA". My correction is about a mixed up between Churg-Strauss Syndrome, that is known as Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, and with Wegener's Granulomatosis, which is known as Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 891 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss | Under pauci-immune causes for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis was listed as being formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome. This should be corrected to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis being formerly known as Churg-Strauss. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Greta | Tamkus | gtamkus@mednet.ucla.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 892 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=Granulomatosis%20with%20Polyangiitis&topicRef=3105&source=see_link | For Negative IF/Pauci-immune: Text says "granulomatosis with polyangitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) -PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA, eosinophillic granulomatosis with polyangitis or Microscopic polyangitis- MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA." I believe it should be formerly Wegeners | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | John | Corvi | jjc433@drexel.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 893 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | In the renal section discussing RPGN (p620) it appears they mispoke when referencing granulomatosis w/ polyangitis, calling it Churg-Strauss (which is eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangitis). Granulomatosis w/ polyangitis is Wegener. Though it looks like splitting hairs, they had the markers incorrect as well. So Churg-Strauss is p-anca (MPO-anca) and Wegener is c-anca (PR3-anca). | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | William | Jackson | william.jackson@northwestern.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 894 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333492-overview | On the rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis it is written that granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as the churg-struass syndrome which is incorrect it was formerly known as the wegeners granulomatosis,eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is the disease known as churg-struass syndrome . | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Ahmad zuhair | Dabbagh | nickl-ahmad@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 895 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.rosalindfranklin.idm.oclc.org/contents/clinical-spectrum-of-antineutrophil-cytoplasmic-autoantibodies?search=p%20and%20c%20anca§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H7&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H7 | In the section for Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis, it says "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churgg-Strauss syndrome)" but it should be "formerly known as Wegener's Granulomatosis". Additionally, later it says "eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis" which afterwards should have "(also known as Churgg-Strauss Syndrome)". | Major erratum | Duplicate | Agreed, many people have commented on this, migrate to Annotate. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Agnes | Park | agnes.park@my.rfums.org | |||||||||||||||
| 896 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.elibrary.einsteinmed.org/contents/overview-of-and-approach-to-the-vasculitides-in-adults?sectionName=Eosinophilic%20granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis%20(Churg-Strauss)&search=granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis&topicRef=3117&anchor=H262394573&source=see_link#H262394573 | Under rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis, it says granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly called Churg-Strauss. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly called Wegener's granulomatosis. Churg-Strauss was formerly called eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Ashley | Berlot | ashley.berlot@einsteinmed.org | |||||||||||||||||
| 897 | 621 | Renal | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0006172020 | focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is higher prevalence in both black and hispanic population | Minor erratum | Verified | agree with connie per uptodate -christian | Most pronounced in Black patients only. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/focal-segmental-glomerulosclerosis-epidemiology-classification-clinical-features-and-diagnosis - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nirohshan | Sribalachandran | sniroshan@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||
| 898 | 623 | Renal | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19542265/ | MS was only listed underneath Overflow incontinence. In patients with MS, their incontinence is first due to detrusor overactivity which would be more in line with "Urgency incontinence," and then can progress to overflow incontinence as the disease progresses and the bladder becomes atonic and dilated. | Minor erratum | Verified | This seems correct from my knowledge and survey of the literature, will include for further review -christian | I agree. This has been addressed already in row #8 | Discuss further on annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Lucy | Wu | lucywu@knights.ucf.edu | |||||||||||||
| 899 | 626 | Renal | Pathology | Consequences of renal failure | mnemonic by me | mnemonic for memorizing the manifestations of uremia. the mnemonic is "Purple PEAN". P- pericarditis, P- platelet dysfunction, E- encephalopathy, A- asterixis, N- nausea and anorexia | Mnemonic | Verified | Might work? -christian | I don't think that this makes much sense. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Alameen | Alsabbah | alameenalsabbah8@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 900 | 627 | Reproductive | Anatomy | Autonomic innervation of male sexual response | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538516/ | Postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system utilize acetylcholine (ACh). Norepinephrine is released by sympathetic fibers from the hypogastric nerve that run through the pelvis splanchnic nerves. | Clarification to current text | Verified | we should definitely look into it.Adding to annotate for further discussion-VP | Page number should be 621, so probably using a different version. I don't see an erratum here. We're talking about what happens in the muscle itself, not the nerve transmission. -KD Moved to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Michelle | Zhu | zhu.michelle@ymail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 901 | 628 | Renal | Pathology | Renal cell carcinoma | My desperate mind during dedicated | 7 P's. PCT origin, Polygonal clear cells, Passes to renal vein to metastasize elsewhere, Palpable masses, Pain in flank, Persistent: often resistant to chemo and radiation, Paraneoplastic (PEAR-aneoplastic) syndrome. You're welcome to shorten or make it fewer P's. I found this useful, hope it helps! | Mnemonic | Verified | Might work? -christian | Long and bulky, don't love it. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gualberto | Munoz | gwmunoz22@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 902 | 628 | Renal | Pathology | Renal cell carcinoma | None needed | "Class triad" should be "Classic triad" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 903 | 628 | Renal | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/string-of-beads-sign-renal-artery-1?lang=us | For Fibromuscular dysplasia, Please have an imaging study picture showing classic beads on string appearance. Its so easy to correlate renal cause of hypertension with presence of that imaging picture . | Clarification to current text | Verified | We have a photo of this on 308. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hitesh | Vaishnav | hiteshmedico@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 904 | 629 | Renal | Pathology | Nephroblastoma | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/presentation-diagnosis-and-staging-of-wilms-tumor | I remember that the Wilms tumor is a mutation on chromosome 11 by thinking "W11ms" tumor. | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this. Added to Annotate - Sylvia | Can migrate to Annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Trell | Stroud | tstroud3@uthsc.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 905 | 629 | Renal | Pathology | Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder | FA 2021 P629 | Please remove red color from "smoking, chronic nephrolithiasis" except letter "s" in smoking to match exist mnemonic. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Note added to annotate -christian | Correct. On the bottom of the page. Please retain mnemonic treatment only on the "s" of smoking, and remove mnemonic treatment from chronic nephrolithiasis completely. - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Moatasem | Al-janabi | assoomi88@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 906 | 630 | Renal | Pharmacology | Diuretics site of action | USMLE-Rx | this article does not some up in search results for mannitol, acetazolamide, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics etc. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Note sure what this comment is trying to say -christian | Per Christian. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mark | Parker | parker28@buffalo.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 907 | 631 | Renal | Pharmacology | Loop diuretics | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3584568/ | Why loop diuretics cause ototoxicity ? Loop diuretics block NKCC2 transporters which are also present in the ear. It maintains proper endolymphatic and perilymphatic electrolyte concentration. Blockade of such transporter (ex. Loop Diuretics ) cause electrolyte imbalance and damage -> Ototoxicity. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Appears to be consistent with literature, will include in annotate and mark for expert review -christian | I think that this is too much detail. We don't go into the pathophys of any of the other adverse effects. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Leeany | Maletta | lmaletta@est.unibe.edu.do | ||||||||||||||
| 908 | 632 | Renal | Pharmacology | Acidosis and alkalosis | Not needed | Low K+ -> aLKalosis | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this a lot and use it myself actually, not sure what others think....-christian | I think this is great. This is something I always got confused about - Sylvia | I think that this is more intuitive with the physiology butI suppose this is a decent mnemonic. Can discuss on annotate. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Akshdeep | Singh Narula | Akshdeepsinghnarula@rocketmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 909 | 636 | Reproductive | Embryology | Early fetal development | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7065984/ | Week 8 is when you see fetal movement | Major erratum | Verified | miss interpretation from commenter.Rejected. VP | Agree to reject. --CK | That article dates pregnancy relative to LMP, but this part of the book dates using developmental age. So this is already correct. -KD | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hsinyu | Yin | hsinyu94@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 910 | 637 | Reproductive | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | usmlerx.com | I had corrected tracheal cartilage from neural crest to mesoderm which you have changed in this new edition but have not acknowledged me. | Minor erratum | Verified | VP | Uhhh, this part's not really up to me? -KD This was suggested by a different person on annotate last year, called Susan Yohannan. I just looked it up in the 2021 archive. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Vikram | Baral | vikram.karna@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 911 | 639 | Reproductive | Embryology | Fetal alcohol syndrome | https://firstaidteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2021_FAS1_Foreword-2.pdf | It says "patients who consumed alcohol". But this ambiguous to just say "patient" Also, FA resolved to replace "mother" with "preganentat patient" which is less ambiguous than just saying "patient" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Rejected. i cannot see the problem here. VP | The whole sentence here is "patients who consumed alcohol during any stage of pregnancy" which i don't find confusing but am open to other ideas CC The student seems confused, let's address it on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 912 | 639 | Reproductive | Embryology | Fetal alcohol syndrome | should say "mothers" who consumed alcohol. The father's alcohol consumption does not directly cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Clarification to current text | Verified | Already being worked up on annotate. --CK | Won't add to annotate -Sylvia | Agree, this issue has been resolved. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sarim | Mirza | sarim1@ualberta.ca | ||||||||||||||
| 913 | 641 | Reproductive | Embryology | Twinning | https://step1.medbullets.com/embryology/103006/monozygotic-vs-dizygotic-twins | Monozygotic "Identical Twins" arise from 1 fertilized zygote (1egg + 1 sperm). The error in First Aid says arises from 1 fertilized "egg" which should instead say zygote | Minor erratum | Verified | Reject--I think student misunderstood that use of the phrase "1 fertilized egg" is to distinguish monozygotic twins from the "2 eggs that are separately fertilized" that comprise dizygotic twins. --CK | on board with CK.Rejected. VP | Agree with CK and VP. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Fathima | Shaik | fshaik16@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 914 | 644 | Reproductive | Embryology | Pharyngeal pouch derivatives | Not needed | In the 3rd pharyngeal pouch (venTral wings : Thymus) | Mnemonic | Verified | added to annotate for further crowdproofing.VP | Will be discussed on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 915 | 645 | Reproductive | Embryology | Orofacial clefts | UWorld QI: 1740 | Due to failure of fusion of the intermaxillary segment and medial nasal processes. | Minor erratum | Verified | Nice suggestion.added to annotate for further discussion.VP | Yes, I think this is important to note - Sylvia | We could be clearer about the wording so it matches the diagram. Consider for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hsinyu | Yin | hsinyu94@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 916 | 646 | Reproductive | Embryology | NEW FACT | Bhoil R, Sood D, Sharma T, et al. Contrast Intravasation During Hysterosalpingography. Pol J Radiol. 2016;81:236-239. Published 2016 May 17. doi:10.12659/PJR.896103 | Hysterosalpingogram: Spillage of contrast into peritoneum is normal and indicates patency of fallopian tube. No spillage =block = infertility | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Defer for 2022. VP | Seems more like Step 2 material to me, reject. --CK | Can be considered for 2022. -KD Looks way to clinical for the Step 1. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tarek | Harb | tarek.harb.7@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 917 | 649 | Reproductive | Pathology | Breast pathology | N/A | Amongst the labelling on the structures of the breast under "Breast Pathology", I would suggest rewording "lactiferous ducts" to lactiferous SINUS" as Major duct and lactiferous duct are used interchangeably, also the lactiferous sinus is specifically the area of the lactiferous duct that is dilated and located right beneath the nipple. This minor word change will help the students orient themselves properly and prevent any future confusion about origins of different breast pathologies | Clarification to current text | Verified | not sure how this can help the readers.definitely not a HY point. Rejected.VP | Added to Annotate - Sylvia | I think we'll need to revise our nomenclature. This comment brought my attention to an issue in the illustration, therefore I accept it for credit. - Panagiotis Agreed with Panagiotis, we will address. CC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jayakrithi | Krishnan | jayakrithi.krishnan@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 918 | 649 | Reproductive | Anatomy | Female reproductive anatomy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/surgical-female-pelvic-anatomy?search=anatomy%20uterine&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H16592485 | The structure pointed as the Cardinal ligament is misrepresented and it's more likely to be a misplaced Ureter, considering the Cardinal ligament is a membranous ligament that comprehends the Uterine vessels, instead of a string-like structure that goes along with the Uterine vessels. | Major erratum | Verified | Based on Uptodate and other sources, I'm inclined to agree that the Uterine vessels are contained within the Cardinal artery. The Illustration Team will likely be needed to correct this --CK | should be considered by the illustration team.VP | Agreed, this needs to be addressed by our illustrators. We should include it to the official errata as well. - Panagiotis. Agreed with Panagiotis, illustration team will address. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Guilherme | Goncalves | guileiteb@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 919 | 651 | Reproductive | Anatomy | Autonomic innervation of male sexual response | Not needed | T11-L2 is involved in emission/ejaculation: T11-L2 - shoot your Goo | Mnemonic | Verified | weak mnemonic.Rejected.VP | Agree to reject. --CK | Agree with VP. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||
| 920 | 653 | Reproductive | Physiology | Spermatogenesis | https://webcampus.drexelmed.edu/neurobio/embryology/page1/page5/ | primary spermatocyte should have 92 sister chromatids (not 46) and secondary spermatocyte should have 46 sister chromatids (not 23). Same for oogonia on p 655. | Minor erratum | Verified | on board with this suggestion...92 chromatids (which are called sister) not 46.defered to anotate for further discussion.VP | Maybe the wording is confusing to some. "Sister chromatids" in our book implies a pair here. So there's no erratum, but I could see why it might cause confusion. -KD Agree, should be published to the official errata as well. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Timothy | Law | tilaw2017@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 921 | 654 | Reproductive | Physiology | Estrogen | Costanzo Physiology 6th ed. | EFG (alphabetic) = Estrogen, FSH, Granulosa cells; vs. Theca cells = Testosterone & progesTerone = Top (outer) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | very nice suggestion. a very nice mnemonic for this factoid.added to annotate for further crowdproofing.VP | Can be considered for 2022. -KD | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Nicolas | Curi Gawlinski | nicolascurii@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 922 | 654 | Reproductive | Physiology | Estrogens | Mnemonic | Two Ovaries = estraDiol; Three blood vessels in placenta = esTRIol; One big blob of adipose fat = estrONE | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this! --CK | I like this! I will migrate this to annotate for further discussion-Sylvia | Will be discussed on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Amina Bashir | Ibrahim | bashiramina@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 923 | 656 | Reproductive | Pharmacology | Selective estrogen receptor modulators | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559292/ | ClomiPHEne blocks estrogen negative “PHEEdback”(feedback) in hypothalamus. CLOMiphene is used as a treatment for the “CLUMp of cysts” (PCOS). | Mnemonic | Verified | very weak mnemonic.Rejected.VP | Agree to reject. --CK | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jomar N. | Machuca Santiago | jomar.machuc@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 924 | 657 | Reproductive | Physiology | Physiologic changes in pregnancy | https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/insulin-resistance-syndrome | Instead of "Insulin resistance and HYPOGLYCEMIA" should be HYPERGLYCEMIA | Clarification to current text | Verified | I can see the confusion bc the glycemic state of pregnant women can shift over the course of pregnancy. Perhaps it would be best to leave out any mention of hypo/hyperglycemia, and instead put in "Insulin resistance --> inc insulin secretion." CK | On board with CK.commented on annotate.VP | I agree. We'll discuss the optimal wording on annotate. Let's publish this to the official errata as a clarification. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Jeltsina | Sosa Victorio | jeltsina@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 925 | 657 | Reproductive | Physiology | Pregnancy | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-trends-of-HCG-estrogen-and-progesterone-during-pregnancy-The-yellow-line-represents_fig1_327132785 | Estrogen level become higher than progesterone at later weeks of gestatsion | Major erratum | Verified | I don't think this is necessarily true. The reference cited by the student does not have units on the y axis, and based on what I found online, graphics vary depending on whether they group estradiol/estrone/estriol as estrogen or separate them out. I think what is testable is the overall upward trajectory of both estrogens and progesterone (rather than their levels in relation to each other), so I ultimately don't think a change is needed. --CK | Agree with Clara, besides this illustration was revised this year. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Christina | Pil | buyoung.pil@einsteinmed.org | ||||||||||||||
| 926 | 658 | Reproductive | Physiology | Human placental lactogen | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1668/ | 2021 FA edition currently says that the function of Human placental lactogen is to stimulates insulin production in pregnant patients. This fact should say that Human placental lactogen blocks insulin production during pregnancy. | Major erratum | Verified | Already being revised. --CK | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Alice | Garrastegui | alicegar@buffalo.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 927 | 659 | Reproductive | Physiology | Androgens | mnemonic | TIDE ⇒ *T*estosterone = *I*nternal genitala; *D*HT = *E*xternal genitalia | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject--doesn't seem to be a particularly strong mnemonic and not completely true (eg. prostate is internal). --CK | Weak mnemonic. Rejected.VP | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nicolas | Curi Gawlinski | nicolascurii@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 928 | 661 | Reproductive | Pathology | Sex chromosome disorders | https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/98/1/20/2823039 (also explained in UWorld question ID 582) | I suggest replacing "testicular atrophy" with "testicular hyalinization". Technically, the small, firm testes seen in Klinefelter Syndrome are due to progressive destruction and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules. In contrast, atrophic testes are a feature of central hypogonadism (low LH/FSH/testosterone, e.g., Kallman syndrome). | Clarification to current text | Verified | Given that there's adequate space, I think replacing "atrophy" with "fibrosis/hyalinization" makes sense and is more accurate. Another reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18504390/ --CK | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 929 | 661 | Reproductive | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physiology-of-the-normal-menstrual-cycle?source=related_link | Increased FSH leads to increased estrogen | Major erratum | Verified | I agree with this suggestion. For the purposes of Step 1, estrogen can be thought of as being stimulated by FSH (moreso than LH). --CK | Not so sure about that, First of all FSH is the major drive for follicle development and if you run back to repro physiology : FSH can be decreasing through the follicular phase yet the estrogens keep rising until right before ovulation.Second Increased FSH pathologically is tied with Menopause (decreased estrogens. feedback mechanism) and tumors of pituitary (very very rare and low yield). Rejected due to low benefit-high risk for misunderstanding .VP | Already added to annotate, we'll discuss it there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Dhir | Gala | dhirgala@yahoo.co.in | |||||||||||||
| 930 | 662 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/respiratory/conducting.php | Current edition says respiratory bronchioles don’t have ciliated epithelium in the figure on page 662.Where as other resources and university websites say they do have ciliated columnar epithelium. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Not sure this warrants further workup - seems the larger respiratory bronchioles do have ciliated epithelium but the smaller bronchioles do not. Unsure if its worthwhile to make this distinction. -SE | I'm inclined to agree with this change--I believe the student is refering to the diagram on page 686). As the text above the image states, cilia terminate in the respiratory bronchioles, and thus are still present in this zone. I recall seeing this on practice questions as well. I think it would worthwhile to add several ciliated cells in the illustration. --CK | | | | Vishwesh | Patel | Vishweshpatel1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 931 | 664 | Respiratory | Physiology | Lung volumes and capacities | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482502/#:~:text=Tidal%20volume%20is%20the%20amount,mL%20in%20a%20healthy%20female. | Tidal Volume = air that moves in & OUT of lung with each respiratory cycle. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Agree to reject, this modification does not seem necessary, current explanation doesn't detract from understanding. -SE | Silly. Reject. -PY | Reject. The text is fine as is since the Tv refers to the air inspired OR (not and) expired in normal breathing. Not an erratum. It is essentially the amount of air reaching the lungs in each respiratory cycle. -HB https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-initiating-invasive-mechanical-ventilation-in-adults-in-the-intensive-care-unit?search=tidal%20volume&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H17 | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | FADIL | MOHAMMAD | FADIL-11@HOTMAIL.COM | |||||||||||||
| 932 | 665 | Respiratory | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measurement-and-interpretation-of-pleural-pressure-manometry-indications-and-technique | In Between alveolar and intrapleural pressure please add trans-pulmonary pressure. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject - I do not think this adds any necessary information. -SE | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | | | | Lordsfavour Uzoma | anukam | lordsware@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 933 | 667 | Reproductive | Pathology | Supine hypotensive syndrome | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8164943/ | Compression on IVC relieved by placing patient in left lateral recumbent position or elevating right hip | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree, this seems more relevant to step 2 | Not sure why this is a HY for step1 exams...definitely for step2 though . Rejected.VP | Can be considered for 2022. -KD Let's discuss it on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Carl | Provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 934 | 668 | Respiratory | Physiology | Pulmonary circulation | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4967759/ | Exercise is NOT an example of a diffusion limitation in respiratory physiology as listed in the text on Page 668. Exercise leads to considerable increase in diffusion and gas exchange. | Minor erratum | Verified | Deferred to expert per Editor, would be inclined to agree although this seems to be supported by the linked resource. -SE | I would say exercise can be diffusion limited. Although exercise increases diffusion and gas exchange, capillary transient time decreases significantly, so that's why it becomes diffusion limited. Will deferred to expert. -PY https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5157060/ | Defer to an expert. Interesting point. However, I am not confident in making a decision here as I am not a content expert. I would appreciate a faculty input on this. -HB | Disagreement/need expert | | | | Ryan | Henrici | henricipsu@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 935 | 668 | Reproductive | Pathology | Vulvar pathology | 1- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691475/ 2- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13697137.2017.1343295?journalCode=icmt20 3- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7 | Patients with lichen sclerosus often have perianal skin involvement in a figure-eight pattern that can result in painful defecation and anal fissures. In severe cases, normal anatomic structures may be obliterated or atrophied, such as loss of the labia minora and clitoral hood, which can cause narrowing of the vaginal introitus and dyspareunia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Definitely not a HY fact for STEP1 exam..definitely for step2 though. Rejected.VP | Probably LY, but let's see it in more detail on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Laith | Rahabneh | laith.rahabneh1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 936 | 670 | Reproductive | Pathology | Ovarian tumors | First Aid 208, 2019, 2020 | pseudomyxoma peritonei is seen in mucinous carcinoma, not mucinous cystadenoma | Minor erratum | Verified | partly correct. Pseudomyxoma peritonei has two histopathological types, one coming from adenomas and another one coming from carcinomas(the latter has worse prognosis obviously). For purposes of the step1 exam: HY fact is association of Pseudomyxoma peritonei- mucinous tumor of ovaries. copied to annotate for futher discussion. VP | It looks like it's most commonly in mucinous carcinoma but can be in other tumors too. Do we know why this was changed? Is there an annotation still lurking somewhere we could review for 2022? -KD Moved to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Sana | Chaudhry | schaudhry@auis.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 937 | 670 | Respiratory | Physiology | Response to exercise | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4967759/ | Exercise and hyperventilation leads to recruitment of additional alveoli and accompanying increase in cardiac output reduces transit time of blood in the pulmonary circuit leading to significant increase in DLco | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Inclined to reject - not sure how worthwhile it is to incorporate DLCO into physiologic changes w/ exercise. -SE | Seems LY. DLCO is really only given to help narrow down pathologies. -PY | | | | Ryan | Henrici | henricipsu@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 938 | 671 | Respiratory | Pathology | Deep venous thrombosis | none | I understand why the entry for deep vein thrombosis is placed just before the pulmonary embolism entry in the respiratory chapter given the close association of the two conditions. However, I think it would be more helpful to place the entry for DVT in the cardiovascular chapter. Many questions highlight the VASCULAR pathology of DVT, with causes being traced back to Virchow's triad. Treatments also center on anticoagulation, thrombolytic, and such therapies which center on hemodynamics. It would help students tackle questions better, conceptualizing DVT as a form of vasculitis. The reference to pulmonary embolism would allow students to turn to that chapter for the specific pulmonary manifestations of DVT leading to PE. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Reject - disagree with placement change. Most helpful to learn this process in the context of respiratory physiology to better understand symptoms. | I personally think DVT is closely related to PE. Reject. -PY | | | | George | Gerolimatos | ggerolim@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 939 | 671 | Reproductive | Pathology | Ovarian tumors | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254489-overview#:~:text=Granulosa%2Dtheca%20cell%20tumors%2C%20more,in%20varying%20degrees%20and%20combinations. | granulosa cell tumors AKA Granulosa-theca cell tumors | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | "Granulosa-theca cell tumor" might be clarifying/helpful with regard to the pathology. I'm in favor. --CK | I'm not sure how important this is. They are so similarly named, I feel that it is obvious. I'll migrate to annotate for discussion -Sylvia | Will be discussed on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Raed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 940 | 672 | Reproductive | Pathology | Hallmarks of cancer | n/a | Mneumonic for Endometrial Cancer "COLD NUT" C: Cancer (ovarian, breast, colon) O: obesity L: late menopause D: diabetes mellitus N: nulliparity U: unopposed estrogen, PCOS, anovulation, HRT T: tamoxifen (chronic use) | Mnemonic | Verified | weak mnemonic. all these facts are tied up with unopposed estrogen production/function.Rejected. VP | Agree to reject. --CK | Agree, probably not very helpful. Although this is a funny mnemonic. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Aqsa | Kibria | aqsa_kibria@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 941 | 672 | Respiratory | Pathology | Mediastinal pathology | https://www.google.com/search?q=pneumomediastinum&sxsrf=ALeKk00W3lcdGCuFV0CNNVAkhGFDeoAHGg:1608917912936&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIjrGl1untAhUKXRUIHZHjAwcQ_AUoAXoECB0QAw&biw=1514&bih=982#imgrc=M9aIhOGgND5vzM | The picture illustrating pneumomediastinum is very SMALL. Can't appreciate anything. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Disagree, I don't think it would be feasible to enlarge the picture and I don't think recognizing pneumomediastinum on CXR is important, it won't be presented this way on examinations. | Looks like a proposed figure is already in annotate. -PY | Defer to 2022. -HB | | | | FADIL | MOHAMMAD | FADIL-11@HOTMAIL.COM | ||||||||||||||
| 942 | 672 | Reproductive | Pathology | Uterine conditions | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Extragenital_endometriosis.jpg | In page, 672, about the endometriosis, the picture (A) is the laparoscopic picture of endometriosis of the peritoneum and it is not the picture of endometrioma, so I will suggest to put the phrase ( oval structures above and below the astrikes in {A}) after the the phrase of { peritoneum ( yellow- brown "powder burn" lesion }. Thank you! | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree that this entry could be rephrased. Perhaps something like: "Endometrium-like glands/stroma (endometriomas) outside endometrial cavity...........May appear as yellow-brown "powder burn" lesions or blood-filled "chocolate cysts" (arrows in A)...." This would require the graphics team to change the asterisks to arrows, but would be shorter and clearer. --CK | I agree, this picture is of "powder burn" not chocolate cysts so it would make sense to put that sentence after "...peritoneum". Will add to annotate for further discussion. -Sylvia | | | | Khaled | Saed | alkarrady2006@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||
| 943 | 673 | Reproductive | Pathology | Benign breast diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-benign-breast-diseases | Sclerosing adenosis and epithelial hyperplasia are not clearly listed as subtypes of proliferative lesions. The current wording makes it sound like they are subtypes of non-proliferative lesions, which is incorrect. Changing the phrase "Subtypes include:" to "Subtypes of proliferative lesions include:" would clarify this point. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree that this entry could use some re-working. This student is correct that sclerosing adenosis is proliferative--though I'm not sure that this is a HY inclusion anyway. And with regard to epitheliali hyperplasia, is this technically a type of "fibrocystic change"? Perhaps the entry for fibrocystic changes should be simplified so that there aren't any bullet points. --CK | I agree, this could use clarification. Will migrate to Annotate -Sylvia | | | | Kelsey | Reinsch | kelsaudrey@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 944 | 673 | Reproductive | Pathology | Benign breast diseases | Robbin and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 10th edition | Under subheading fibrocystic changes, after mentioning non-proliferative subtypes, its written "risk of cancer is usually not increased. Subtypes include: sclerosing adenosis and epithelial hyperplasia". Then its mentioned both sclerosing adenosis and epithelial hyperplasia are associated with increased risk of cancer. Reconsider reclassifying sclerosing adenosis and epi hyperplasia as proliferative fibrocystic changes. | Clarification to current text | Verified | As mentioned in other submission (see comments above), I think the entry for fibrocystic changes should be clarified. --CK | Similar to above entry. Combined the two notes in annotate -Sylvia | Will be discussed on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Prabesh | Luintel | prluintel095@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 945 | 674 | Reproductive | Pathology | Breast cancer | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/breast-cancer-in-men/abstract/18-23 | Men get BReast CAncer 'two' | Mnemonic | Verified | Weak mnemonic. Rejected | Agree to reject. --CK | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Dominic | Rumore | dominicrumore@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 946 | 674 | Reproductive | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/breast-masses-in-children-and-adolescents?search=mammary%20duct%20ectasia§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H12&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~9&display_rank=1#H12 | Mammary duct ectasia: inflammation with dilation of subareolar ducts. Presents as a periareolar mass with green-brown discharge in a multiparous postmenopausal woman; plasma cells seen on biopsy. Benign finding- distinguish from carcinoma. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | totally agreed. should be added at the inflammatory process section right below lactational mastitis.Added to annotate for further crowdproofing. VP | I agree - Sylvia | Moved to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Jessica | Mayer | jemayer@mail.einstein.yu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 947 | 675 | Reproductive | Pathology | Testicular torsion | https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/1215/p835.html | It is very high yield to note that the bell clapper deformity is due to inadequate fixation of testis to tunica vaginalis of scrotal sac. This comes up very often on exams. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Can be added as " Predisposing factor: congenital inadequate fixation of testis to tunica vaginalis causing horizontal lying of testis("bell clapper" deformity ) .added to annotate for crowdproofing.VP | I agree - Sylvia | Can be considered for 2022. -KD Moved to annotate for discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | carl | provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 948 | 677 | Reproductive | Pathology | Choriocarcinoma | (https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.1995.5.425 ) ( Case Reports Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) . 2016 Jan;29(1):42-3. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2016.11929353. Choriocarcinoma presenting with thyrotoxicosis) (BMJ case report, 2011;2011:bcr0420114163) | Human glycoprotein hormone family (hCG, TSH, LH, and FSH) all share an identical alpha subunit, but it is not the one which confers the specific biologic properties and it is not the real cause of the paraneoplastic hyperthyroidism in testicular choriocarcinoma patients. Indeed, it is the beta subunit which confers the specific biologic properties of each of the glycoprotein hormone. Many published papers showed that the identical alpha subunit of the FSH, LH, hCG, and TSH is not the cause of paraneoplastic hyperthyroidism, otherwise hyperthyroidism can be seen in cases of elevated levels of FSH or LH and that is not the case. It is the beta subunit of the hCG which share a significant sequence homology with the beta subunit of THS, that allows hCG to bind and activate the TSH receptor on the thyroid gland and cause the paraneoplastic hyperthyroidism in patient with testicular choriocarcinoma who have a very high levels of hCG. | Clarification to current text | Verified | A paper I found states that there is molecular mimicry between the alpha subunits of bhCG and TSH, thereby making this statement in the book correct. Migrating to annotate for discussion -Sylvia | | | | Khaled | Saed | alkarrady2006@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 949 | 677 | Reproductive | Pathology | Hormone levels in germ cell tumors | not needed | placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is incorrectly abbreviated as PALP instead of PLAP | Spelling/formatting | Verified | Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-7372(97)90017-7 | I agree - Sylvia | Agreed, moved to annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | RICHARD | PELLEGRINI | rpellegr@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 950 | 677 | Reproductive | Pathology | Testicular tumors | not needed | Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) is incorrectly abbreviated as "PALP" instead of "PLAP" in both the "Testicular Tumors section" and in the "Hormone levels in germ cell tumors" chart. | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 951 | 682 | Reproductive | Pharmacology | Testosterone, methyltestosterone | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526632/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22528986/ | Suggest adding increased risk for prostate cancer and thromboembolism to adverse effects of testosterone therapy. (Came up in a UWorld question - it's thought that the mechanism is testosterone suppresses hepcidin -> increased intestinal iron absorption -> erythrocytosis -> increased blood viscocity -> risk of thromboembolism). Monitor PSA and hematocrit. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This seems worth adding to me. --CK | I agree. Added to annotate -Sylvia | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 952 | 684 | Respiratory | Embryology | Lung development | First aid 2021 | A baby can live at Canalicular stage | Mnemonic | Verified | Not helpful. Reject. -PY | agree, reject --CK | | | | Fisseha Mulugeta | Mekonnen | fishmulugeta.998@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 953 | 687 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Lung anatomy | https://radiologykey.com/aspiration/ | While supine -usually enters Posterior segment of the right upper lobe & Superior segment of the right lower lobe | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Don't think I've personally seen this one, typical association is the superior RLL. Would reject -SE | Current text re "aspirate a peanut" is sufficient. Reject. -PY | | | | Jetvir | Singh | jetvirsingh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 954 | 687 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Lung anatomy | https://radiopaedia.org/articles/aspiration-pneumonia?lang=us#:~:text=The%20posterior%20segment%20of%20the,middle%20lobe%2C%20and%20lingula%202.&text=chronic%20aspiration%20pneumonia,-Treatment%20and%20prognosis | While supine - aspirated/inhaled foreign body enters Posterior segments of the right upper lobe & Superior segments of the right lower lobe | Major erratum | Verified | This info is addressed more specifically in below comment. --CK | | | | Daniel | Shostak | danshost@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 955 | 687 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Lung anatomy | UW 1745 | Due to gravity, supine patients typically aspirate into the posterior segments of the upper lobes and superior segments of the lower lobes. Patients who are upright tend to aspirate into the basilar segments of the lower lobes. Aspirated material is more likely to travel down the right main bronchus. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think this clarification makes sense and is worth adding. --CK | | | | Amalia Doris | Ardeljan | ardeljanamalia@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 956 | 690 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | general formatting suggestion | Rapid review in flashcard format is ideal for 2-person study. I would suggest having a section at the end of each chapter like this. If possible, have the question/prompt/clue in simple terms, so that non-medical people (friends, family) can quiz students. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | George | Gerolimatos | ggerolim@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 957 | 691 | Respiratory | Physiology | Cyanide vs carbon monoxide poisoning | Not needed | Under cyanide where it says curve normal: CYANiDe - Does Not Alter Your Curve | Mnemonic | Verified | I could see this being helpful for some, though might be a rather long mnemonic for a fairly simple fact. --CK | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 958 | 693 | Respiratory | Physiology | Ventilation/perfusion mismatch | First Aid | More Air at the Apex, more Blood at the Base (to remember ventilation is greater at the apex and perfusion is greater at the base) | Mnemonic | Verified | While this is helpful for larger concepts, I think it may be misleading for understanding. Technically ventilation AND perfusion are greater at the base, so to have students memorize more air at the apex may obfuscate understanding. -SE | I agree with SE that is this misleading. It's the ratio that this mnemonic wants to get across but doesn't quite do it appropriately. Reject. -PY | | | | Megan | McAdoo | mnm98@drexel.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 959 | 694 | Respiratory | Physiology | Response to exercise | https://www.statpearls.com/ArticleLibrary/viewarticle/26710 | The text shows that there is no change in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) during exercise, however a few pages earlier (pg. 692) exercise is shown to be a diffusion limited process, which means that gas equilibrium doesn't take place along the length of the capillary. This means that if the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PAO2) is 104mmHg, and the systemic PaO2 is 40 mmHg, at the end of the length of the capillary the PaO2 in the pulmonary vein would be around 70 mmHg and not 104 mmHg. This proves that there is a decrease in the PaO2 because of diffusion limitation as the blood flow to the lungs as increased as a response to exercise. Therefore, a change (decrease) will be seen in the PaO2 in exercise. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. PaO2 does not undergo any significant change during regular exercise. An extreme level of exercise is needed to cause O2 to become diffusion limited (pg. 692), however, I don't think this distinction needs to be made for the purposes of Step 1. CK | Need to work up previous comment about exercise is/is not diffusion limitiation -PY | | | | Urmil | Shah | shahurmil@rocketmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 960 | 694 | Respiratory | Physiology | Response to high altitude | not needed | Line 5: ODC dissociation curve (delete "dissociation curve") | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 961 | 695 | Respiratory | Pathology | Rhinosinusitis | Moore Clinically oriented anatomy 7th edition p 957 or even any anatomy book. | Sphenoid sinus drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess and not into superior nasal meatus | Major erratum | Verified | Accepted per Editor -SE | This comment is correct. Accept. -PY | Accept as an erratum. The user is correct. Please delete "sphenoid," so that it reads "Superior meatus—drains posterior ethmoid;". PS: Consider adding the spheno-ethmoidal recess to the 2022 edition. - HB [Gray's Anatomy for Students, 2019 edition; page 1068] | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 962 | 699 | Respiratory | Pathology | Restrictive lung diseases | none needed | In the line of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, aka ... (pulmonary,..) seems like there should be fibrosis after the word pulmonary. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject - student misunderstood what was intended. "Pulmonary" in this line is contrasted with "Extra-pulmonary" for Altered Mechanics. No change needed. | I agree with First author. Reject. -PY | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | |||||||||||||||
| 963 | 700 | Respiratory | Pathology | Sarcoidosis | no need | • Associated with: black female BULI HER Guy. o Bell palsy. o Uveitis. o Lupus pernio Skin lesions on face resembling lupus. o Interstitial fibrosis Restrictive lung disease. o Hypercalcemia due to 1α-hydroxylase–mediated vitamin D activation in macrophages. Treatment: steroids (if symptomatic). o Erythema nodosum. o Rheumatoid arthritis-like arthropathy o Granulomas Noncaseating epithelioid, containing microscopic Schaumann and asteroid bodies. | Mnemonic | Verified | Appears to already be extensive discussion on this from last year, there are several suggested mnemonics already. -SE | Cumbersome. Reject. -PY | | | | Hassan | EL Jesr | hassaneljesr@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 964 | 701 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | NEW FACT | See FirstAid Page 436 on LMWH for clarification. | This page says: "Drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy or renal failure" is low molecular weight heparin. LMWH is contraindicated in renal failure as it is renally cleared, and would not be the drug of choice for anticoagulation in this population group. | Minor erratum | Verified | The fact on page 726 in FAS1 2021 only mentions pregnancy, not renal failure. This is likely a submission based on an older edition of the book. -FAR | | | | Su | Chen | isutingchen@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 965 | 709 | Respiratory | Pathology | Lung cancer | None needed | Mnemonic for most common sources of lung metastases: [Bl]ebs and [br]eathy [co]ughs are [pr]ivy to the lung. (Brackets indicating the first letters for bladder, breast, colon, prostate.) | Mnemonic | Verified | This isn't a bit wordy and not that HY. --CK | | | | Z | Z | Z | ||||||||||||||||
| 966 | 712 | Respiratory | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Montelukast | Montelukast block LTD4 specifically (LTD4 is the most potent bronchoconstrictor) whereas zafirlukast blocks LTD4 and LTE4 | Minor erratum | Verified | Unsure if this clarification is necessary, seems too specific for the Step 1 level. -SE | I agree too nitpicky for Step 1. Reject. -PY | | | | carl | provenzano | carlprovenzano@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 967 | 712 | Respiratory | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | N/A | The inhaled corticosteroid budesonide is incorrectly spelled "budenoside" in the figure on page 712. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Matthew | Smith | mdsmd2023@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 968 | 712 | Respiratory | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omalizumab | In the diagram, the anti-IgE Ab, omalizumab, binds directly to the Fc receptor on the mast cell. However, omalizumab specifically binds to free serum IgE and to membrane-bound form of IgE (mIgE) on the surface of mIgE (+) B lymphocytes. In addition, it does not bind to IgE that already bound on the surface of mast cells nor FcRI.. | Major erratum | Verified | I agree that the diagram is a bit misleading by showing omalizumab binding directly to the IgE receptor rather than to IgE. --CK | | | | Linjie | Luo | lluo2@mdanderson.org | ||||||||||||||||
| 969 | 714 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Cystic fibrosis | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.cnsu.edu/contents/cystic-fibrosis-genetics-and-pathogenesis/print?search=cystic%20fibrosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=5~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=5 | "Phe 501 deletion" is an older term. "F508del" is the current, correct term for the most common CFTR defect in cystic fibrosis | Minor erratum | Verified | This should migrate to Biochem chapter, as this needs to be changed in the text as well. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Albin | Leong | albin.leong@cnsu.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 970 | 714 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | NEW FACT | https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.cnsu.edu/contents/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia-immotile-cilia-syndrome?search=primary%20ciliary%20dyskinesia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~29&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia); I am a new undergraduate medical school faculty member after retiring but with experience in post-graduate teaching as well as publishing and clinical practice. I am very intrigued by First Aid and many issues about lectures, teaching and First Aid. In any case, my point about this is to question if Kartagener, an older eponym is still being used on Step 1 questions vs the term "primary ciliary dyskinesia". Also, there are other abnormalities besides dynein arm defects in this condition. Thus, I can questioning using "Kartagener", which is a subtype, rather than "primary ciliary dyskinesia" and "dynein arm" as the only defect | Clarification to current text | Verified | Can migrate for discussion in Biochem fact. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Albin | Leong | albin.leong@cnsu.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 971 | 715 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Immunodeficiencies | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-020-00326-0 | it says "Chronic granulomatous disease (defect of NAPDH oxidase)" instead of "NADPH" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 972 | 715 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | NEW FACT | Not needed | Chronic granulomatous disease is a defect in NADPH oxidase (book says NAPDH oxidase in the rapid review section) | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | James | Nardini | James.nardini@my.rfums.org | |||||||||||||||||
| 973 | 718 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | none needed | for platelet disorders should say page "436, 437" | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. There is a page number typo on page 718 of the Rapid Review chapter. The first entry about "Petechiae, mucosal bleeding..." should refer to page 436 instead of 437. - HB | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 974 | 718 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | FA 2021 pg 548 (ALS) | in the UMN and LMN deficits (ALS) section : only LMN deficits are written. | Major erratum | Verified | Reject. ALS manifestations are written as mixed/combined UMN and LMN deficits in both the main chapter (pg. 548) and the RR chapter (pg. 731). -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 975 | 720 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Vitamin B12 | Spelling Error | Line 4 on page 720 says "mehtylmalonic acid" and should be "methylmalonic acid" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Maaza | Jaan | maazajaan@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 976 | 724 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Clostridia | N/A | Under the condition column "Clostridium difficile" should be changed to "Clostridioides difficile". For the common treatment(s) column, it is incorrect. Should say "Oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin; if refractory, oral metronidazole. Refractory cases: repeat regimen or fecal microbiota transplant" | Minor erratum | Verified | This suggestion is already present on annotate. -FAR | | | | Harsh | Patel | hp0796@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 977 | 724 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Legionella pneumophila | . | There should be a close parentheses after the word "azithromycin." Currently it looks like "fluoroquinolones" are a type of macrolide because of the typo. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | I agree with the reviewer. Awaiting editor feedback before migrating. -FAR | | | | Emilie | Song | esong86@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 978 | 732 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | FA 2021 | Kallmann syndrome page "662", where it is only vaguely referred to. It should say "663" as Kallmann is explained there. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Accept. There is a page number typo on page 732 of the RR chapter. The first entry about "Neuron migration failure" should refer to page 663 instead of 662. -HB | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | Added to G-doc for faculty review | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 979 | 732 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Fa 2021 pg 233 | In the loading dose equation, "Cp" is used, but never defined in the book. Only "Css" is defined. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 980 | 732 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | FA 2021 pg. 233 | In the maintenance dose equation, "Cp" is used, but never defined in the book. Only "Css" was defined on pg. 233 | Clarification to current text | Verified | Reject. The entry in the RR chapter is fine since it is consistent with the main fact in the pharm chapter. Defer the revision of the main fact to the pharm ED. -HB | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sarim | Mirza | smirza@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 981 | 732 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Relative risk reduction: The equation written is the same as RR, not RR Reduction | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Donovan | Gappy | donovangappy@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||||
| 982 | 734 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Alveolar gas equation: I think this is an errata. The left term should be Alveolar (P big A) not arterial (P little a) according to the information on page 692 of first aid | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Nicholas | Diab | nicholas.diab@yale.edu | |||||||||||||||||||
| 983 | 737 | Section IV Top-Rated Review Resources | Anatomy | NEW FACT | Books 👉 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1J62UWo3neHFaCp763pftYECmkMA9L4U5 | First Aid team should read & compare given all extracted pages’ only clinical notes+ diagrams (e.g; Areas supplied by Arteries shown in colors as 1st Aid already has ) + tables. Then, Add a separate portion of Anatomy in 1st Aid step 1 (Name it “Ultra yield Anatomy), If,1st Aid already have information about that...don’t add) + add all tables’ informations at one place (But tables Informations shouldn’t repeat). Case files Anatomy book —> How to add info of this book???? See only Answer of each case + Anatomy pearls + clinical correlation heading’s paragraph. Then find imp clinical info+ signs/clues to diagnose a particular disease. If, 1st Aid already have that clinical info (or, info to diagnose mentioned disease). Then left it to add in 1st Aid. Otherwise, add I have checked many countries’ MD boards exams. This method to organize info at one place will help u to solve all MCQS. No body can read Many books line by line to learn few (new) clinical information. My English isn’t good. I think, U will try to understand me. I don’t know to write such book. I don’t know too much about Pdf editing softwares. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Seems like a reasonable optional consideration for FA2022. -Matt I agree Matt, but we are going to be working on the Pathophysio portion, so, I am not sure if we will have time for both. But, we will see what we can come up with. -AC | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | H.Abubakar | Shahzad | abubakarshah187@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 984 | 748 | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | page 299 and 748 of first aid | in page 299, when talking about murmurs, you put HCM, which corresponds to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but in page 748 in the abbreviations section, there is no HCM abbreviation, which would correspond alphabetically to page 748 | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | Marcelo | Mass Lindenbaum | mamass@miuandes.cl | |||||||||||||||||
| 985 | 775 | Index | Index | NEW FACT | first aid | please specify why some of the page numbers in index are highlighted in bold. | Minor erratum | Staff accepts | | | | Ayesha | Urooj | dr.aurooj@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 986 | 777 | Index | Index | Index | Not needed. | Index refers to "Lung cancer" to page 708, when the correct on is 709. | Clarification to current text | Staff accepts | | | | Guilherme | Goncalves | guileiteb@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 987 | 777 | Index | Index | Index | Not needed | Fix "Lewey bodies, 538" under α-synuclein to "Lewy bodies, 538" | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 988 | 779 | Index | Antimicrobials | Index | eMedicine | Antimicrobials | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | | | | Dr.Shashank | Shekhar | shanky663232@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 989 | 784 | Index | Index | Index | . | neurofibromatosis on pg 525 not 535 | Minor erratum | Staff accepts | | | | Marwa | mulk | mulk2394@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 990 | 790 | Index | Index | Index | First Aid | Under Diabetes Insipidus (DI), ADH is listed as page 335, when it is actually on page 337 | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Christy | Chan | christy.chan@stonybrookmedicine.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 991 | 793 | Index | Index | Index | First Aid | Under "Erythropoietin", "clinical use" is spelled with an extra l | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Christy | Chan | christy.chan@stonybrookmedicine.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 992 | 822 | Index | Index | Neuromuscular blocking drugs | Index | The index lists succinylcholine on page 570, but it is on page 571. | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Ryan | Brown | rbrown2617@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 993 | 825 | Index | Index | Index | Not Needed | Ttyrosine catabolism/catecholamine synthesis, 83 | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 994 | 827 | Index | Index | Williams syndrome | uptodate.com | Per the request of Louise Petersen, I am posting my comment from our interaction here. The index has several inaccuracies/omissions. I use the index to quickly find pertinent pages, and major omissions make studying less beneficial, inefficient and more frustrating. For instance, the main information for Wilms Tumor (pg 629) is not listed under Wilms Tumor in the index; instead there are only 2 listed pages and neither have the basic information about the tumor. On the same index page, the page numbers for Williams syndrome and Wilson disease are also missing or swapped. How do I request a digital copy or electronic pdf of the book that can be easily searched? | Minor erratum | Staff accepts | | | | Tyler827 | Wagner | twagner@atsu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 995 | 149,180.00 | Microbiology | Miscellaneous | Bacterial structures | "Pasture grows - if it rains with cats and dogs" | Context: Cat and dog bites causes Osteomylitis - Pasteurella multocida | Mnemonic | Verified | Not my favorite but will include as note in case others like it! - christian | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | pervaiz | Khan | pervaiz_a_khan@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 996 | 238,317,337.00 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Autonomic receptors | First Aid book . | Hello , at first i would like to thank tha FA team for their efforts . i found multiple pages speaking about receptors , for example , the receptors of the hormones at oage 337. Some hormones work by the same action of some autonomic neurotransmitter via the same mechanism of the 2nd messenger , Same same with some bacterial toxins like bacillus anthrax works on MAP kinase 2nd receptors , ETEC Cholera works on cGMP , pertussus exotoxin works by inhibiting Gi coupled receptors to increase cAMP same action of prostaglandins ! So what i have done here and it was awesome helping me remembering and linking many tips from different parts of the book in one graph attached below . So i suggest making a single one graph gathering all the receptor together to be titled for ex : DIFFERENT RECEPTORS’ ACTION and to make it at the pharmacology chapter and when it comes to the endocrinology , you can just refer the mother diagram , this may help reduce the confusion of multiple similarities in different locations . Thanks . | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | Ahmed | Hawila | amaherhawila@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 997 | 067-3 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | uptodate | So here is the problem, during fatty acid degradation, Co A attaches to FA SYNTHETASE not synthase, in first aid 2021, its written as FA synthase which is enzyme of FA synthesis , CO A has nothing to do with synthesis, CO A acts as a co factor during FA degradation and enzyme is FA SYNTHETASE.thank you | Spelling/formatting | Verified | nice.it's already there | Unless I'm missing something, I believe the figure/page (pg 89), does in fact state Fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. I don't think any change is required? (SJ) | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | salman | syed | salmansyed198@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 998 | 105? | Immunology | Lymphocytes | Immunoglobulin isotypes | https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/11%3A_Immunology/11.07%3A_Antibodies/11.7D%3A_Isotype_Class_Switching | B cells IgMom and IgDad mature to Plasma cells as they IgAGE. | Mnemonic | Verified | This is not a bad mnemonic, I will migrate and we can discuss further in annotate. -ALL | Add for consideration per authors - Connie | | | | Taylor | Hood | tlhood02@louisville.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 999 | 2020 page 215 | Pathology | Pathology | Leukocyte extravasation | First aid | Rolling gets Selected, then you get tightly Integrated, then you get PEelled in. | Mnemonic | Verified | Reject. I really don't feel it much meaningful. Even if someone is able to remember facts with this mnemonic that will not help them in the long run. - Vivek | Agree with Vivek, doesn't seem very helpful. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nicholas | Hawkes | nhawkes7646@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1000 | 2020 page 391 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Alcoholic liver diseases | First aid | A Shot of Tequila -> AST high in alcoholic liver | Mnemonic | Verified | Already one mnemonic (Make a toAST with alcohol). Reject. LC | I agree with LC. - JR | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Nicholas | Hawkes | nhawkes7646@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1001 | 208 and | Pathology | Cellular | Apoptosis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_regulator | The Fas-FasL interaction in thymic medullary negative selection causes autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. However, on page 101, an AIRE mutation causes autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1. Since both happen during negative selection, I suggest both are talked about on both pages to avoid confusion between two "lower" yield and similar syndromes. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I think the user refers to a defective Fas-FasL interaction causing autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. I wouldn't classify as a clarification to current text, but as a suggestion in changing the entries. I don't think we should add under apoptosis, but maybe we could discuss adding a brief mention of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome under negative selection? Will migrate to immuno (page 102). -ALL | Migrated to Immuno. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | John | Solomon | johnsolomon@mail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1002 | 343 (FA 2020; I don't have 2021) | Endocrine | Pathology | Thyroid cancer | N/A | (in addition to already in papillary carcinoma): orphan Annie had no papa (papillary) or mama (psammoma body). She roamed from home to home (roam and home rhyme with CHROMatin) looking to be exposed to love (irradiation EXPOSURE; also young orphan so irradiation in childhood) | Mnemonic | Verified | I really did not understand this mnemonic suggestion well. - Vivek | the part of mnemonic : looking to be exposed to love...is nice-deefered to annotate for crowdproofing. VP | Per Vivek. CC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kollin | Kahler | kollin.kahler@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1003 | 478 (FA 2020; I don't have 2021) | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Vascular tumors of skin | N/A | cherry hemangioma vs strawberry hemangioma: a cherry has a seed in the middle that most people don't eat so it stays around (does not regress); a strawberry has little seeds on the outside that most people usually eat and they go away (regresses) | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary. Reject. -PY | Not helpful. Reject. LC | Too complicated. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kollin | Kahler | kollin.kahler@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1004 | 554 (FA 2020; I don't have 2021) | Psychiatry | Psychology | Transference and countertransference | N/A | Transference is paTient to physician and CounterTransference is physiCian to paTient | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not a huge fan of this mnemonic, I don't think this is very useful. Reject. -ALL | I find it quite redundant, because when you go to psychotherapy, usually is the patient that seeks the physician, so the 1st "transfer" goes that way, and well "countertransference", means opposite, so it will go physician -> patient, no need to change the letters inside the words, I would reject it - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kollin | Kahler | kollin.kahler@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1005 | 560 (FA 2020; I don't have 2021) | Psychiatry | Pathology | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | N/A | SchizophreniFORM disorder is a FORM of Schizophrenia (present the same, just different time frame, this form isn't full blown Schizophrenia. SchizoAFFECTIVE disorder involves AFFECTIons (feelings/mood), so there is a mood disorder involved as well. Schizotypal personality disorder is a different "typal" (type of) person with eccentric/odd beliefs, they think some "typal" (type of) way- slang for a different way of thinking. | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't find these very helpful, specially the last one, considering we already have a mnemonic in place. I thought schizoaffective was pretty obvious so I wouldn't add. -ALL | Agree with ALL - JM | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kollin | Kahler | kollin.kahler@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1006 | 628 (FA 2020; I don't have 2021) | Reproductive | Anatomy | Seminiferous tubules | N/A | INhibin is released form INside the seminiferous tubule. *I know there is a note that Sertoli cells inhibit FSH but maybe this could be added as well | Mnemonic | Verified | Our image below the text for seminiferous tubule anatomy is far more powerful than this mnemonic. Rejected.VP | Agree to reject. --CK | Agree with VP, doesn't seem very helpful. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kollin | Kahler | kollin.kahler@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1007 | 67 (FA 2020; I don't have 2021) | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B3 | N/A | Niacin (B3); it's NIACIN (nice when) you smile :D; the D (mouth) is for the 3 D's of pellagra, which matches B3. Can also go NICe when you smile. | Mnemonic | Verified | very weak mnemonic.rejected VP | Rejected. BA | Okay. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kollin | Kahler | kollin.kahler@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1008 | 68 (2020 edition) | Biochemistry | Nutrition | NEW FACT | First Aid p. 68 | You've already got "folate from foliage" in reference to VitB9's dietary sources. Why not use "folate from foliage in the JEJUNGLE" to reference its absorption in the jejunum? | Mnemonic | Verified | love it .should consider it from crowdproofing.added to annotate. VP | I do not consider it as maximum absorption of folate takes place in proximal small intestine without any distinction between duodenum and jejunum. The fact needs correction from "jejunum" to "proximal small intestine". References Medical Physiology (2016) Boron, and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3982215/ BA | Step 1 requires that the answer be jejunum, so let us keep it as it is. As for the mnemonic, let us discuss on annotate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Braden | Stanyer | bstanyer@students.llu.edu | |||||||||||||
| 1009 | do not have the newest version | Microbiology | Virology | Viral genetics | https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(20)77482-X/fulltext | HTLV-1 has a TAX gene product which is implicated in the virus's ability to be oncogenic. Two repair pathways affected by TAX are base-excision repair and nucelotide excision repair which leads to mutations and subsequent cancer. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is LY and don't remember this being tested. Would not migrate. -FAR | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ahmad | Khasawneh | khasa1a@cmich.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 1010 | FA2021 p 419-4 | Immunology | Cellular | NEW FACT | Shiina, T., Hosomichi, K., Inoko, H. et al. The HLA genomic loci map: expression, interaction, diversity and disease. J Hum Genet 54, 15–39 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2008.5 | gene loci for MHC-II: doctor (DR) pepper (DP) at the dairy queen (DQ) is good for two (MHC II) | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not sure about this mnemonic, "pepper" does not fit as it only includes the "P", I don't think it works that well. Also, we already have the mnemonic to mention they have 2 letters. I vote reject. -ALL | Reject per authors - Connie | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Evan | Falgoust | evanf09@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1011 | First Aid Q&A USMLE Step 1 page no. 193 | Cardiovascular | Systems | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | The explanation given is correct in book, but the option chosen is incorrect | Explanation is correct but answer selection is incorrect | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | Not sure about this one; offers no explanation why it is wrong... - christian | | | | Dr Rajat | Assoldekar | rajatsinaiassoldekar0@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1012 | First Aid Q&A USMLE Step 1edition 3 page no. 229 | Endocrine | Systems | Diagnosing parathyroid disease | The explanation given is correct in book, but the option chosen is incorrect | Explanation is correct but answer selection is incorrect | Minor erratum | Staff rejects | | | | Dr Rajat | Assoldekar | rajatsinaiassoldekar0@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1013 | N/A | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Spinal tract anatomy and functions | N/A - memory device | Spinothalamic = Spiny-thermometer - Pain and Temperature | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't know about this mnemonic, I wouldn't add. -ALL | Agree, not a big fan either. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Aun | Syed | aunsyed@me.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1014 | p. 625 | Renal | Pathology | Acute kidney injury | https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/USMLE-Step-1-Lecture-Notes-2021-Physiology/Kaplan-Medical/USMLE-Prep/9781506259482 | "Postrenal azotemia: urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) <350" → "Postrenal azotemia: urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) Vaires" | Clarification to current text | Verified | This is a good catch. When trying to find sources, I'm not finding consistent information. Will add to annotate for further discussion -Sylvia | | | | Qin | Xie | pinson.amelie@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1015 | 187 | Microbiology | Pharmacology | Penicillin G, V | First aid 2020 | Block (T) rump = to block (T)ranspeptidase peptidoglycan in cell wall. | Mnemonic | Verified | Not sure I understand this, and never a good idea to involve ?politics in a medical textbook. -christian | | | | Harjot | Mann | Mann209@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1016 | pg. 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | New 2021 misnamed Granulomatosis with polyangiitis as formerly known as Churg-Stauss Syndrome, but correctly named in 2020 as Wegener | Major erratum | Duplicate | This is correct, has been addressed above. CC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sania Akhtar | Cheema | cheemasa@umich.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 1017 | Renal | Renal cell carcinoma | classic triad -- typo | Staff rejects | This paragraph is being deleted. - MC | | | | Leslie | K | lesliekapil@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1018 | 598 | Psychiatry | Pharmacology | Lithium | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-hypercalcemia?search=lithium%20hypercalcemia§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H14&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H14 | I have had question about lithium causing hypercalcemia as a side effect in the actual step 1 exam. I believe adding this info would be beneficial. Here is the explanation from UpToDate: Patients receiving chronic lithium therapy often develop mild hypercalcemia, most likely due to increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to an increase in the set point at which calcium suppresses PTH release. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this could be a useful addition and it does seem to be HY. Will migrate. - ALL | | | | Davit | Kalmakhelidze | iswed24@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1019 | 435 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Iron poisoning | First Aid 2021 | "IRON" can be used as a mnemonic for remembering the signs and symptoms of acute iron poisoning. Since there is one for LEAD poisoning, I though it would be nice to have one for Iron as well. "I"- Irritated bowels (vomiting, abdominal pain, GI bleeding). "R" - Radiopaque pill on Xray. "O"- Organ failure Obstruction of GI. "N" - aNion gap metabolic acidosis | Mnemonic | Verified | I personally don't find this that helpful as the mnemonic seems a bit forced-- "Irritated" bowels seems harder to remember than simply iron poisoning causing general GI damage. --CK | Agree to reject. PS | Not a fan either. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Andrew | Moya | doc.a.moya1@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1020 | 254 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Drug reactions—neurologic | First Aid 2021 | Drug Reactions-Nuerological - Peripheral Neuropathy - "Cis, It's Very Painful Peripherally" (CISplatin, Isoniazid, Vincristine, Paclitaxel, Phenytoin) | Mnemonic | Verified | Liked this mnemonic suggestion. Migrating to annotate. - Vivek | | | | Andrew | Moya | doc.a.moya1@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1021 | 221 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Tumor grade vs stage | not needed | Maybe add/clarify that Grade requires Biopsy vs. Stage can be done based on radiogram/image (does not require biopsy). | Clarification to current text | Verified | I don't think this is HY and somewhat implied. This section was modified a little. I wouldn't add. -ALL | Agreed, current text is sufficient. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1022 | 543 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | None needed. | Under the entry for tuberous sclerosis, "AD" is listed under genetics and "autosomal dominant" is listed under notes. This entry is the only one in the neurocutaneous disorders section to have a duplicated genetic profile; the remainder in the section simply say AD (etc.) under genetics. Would recommend deleting "autosomal dominant" in notes for brevity. | Clarification to current text | Verified | The user is correct, will migrate. -ALL | | | | Z | Z | Z | ||||||||||||||||
| 1023 | 209 | Pathology | Cellular | Necrosis | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/liquefactive-necrosis | Liquefactive necrosis can take place in both Brain and spinal cord - CNS, not just in brain. | Minor erratum | Verified | I think the user is correct, but I wouldn't include in official errata. Will migrate. ALL | Discussed on Annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1024 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Granulomatosis with polyangitis is called as wegener granulomatosis not as churg Strauss Syndrome. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed in annotate. -Sylvia | | | | Dr. Suraj | Keshari | cheerfulsrj.sk@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1025 | 346 | Endocrine | Pathology | Primary polydipsia and diabetes insipidus | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26239685/ | I saw couple of questions both in UWorld and AMBOSS about "Transient Central DI" vs. "permanent Central DI". The correct response rate to those questions was less than 45% because students do not know how to distinguish between "Permanent Central DI" due to the Hypothalamic Nuclei damage - which is not reversible vs. "Transient Central DI" most commonly due to Posterior Pituitary damage of magnocellular neurons, which can undergo regeneration unlike magnocellular neurosecretory cells in Hypothalamic nuclei. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This would be a good clarification in the section, since it has low correct response rate, can be opened for further discussion. Migrating to annotate for the same. -PS | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1026 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss | granulomatosis with polyangitis is formerly wegener's, not churg strauss. churg strauss is the former name for eosinic granulomatosis with polyangitis | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed in annotate. -Sylvia | | | | Jeevit | Gill | preoranges@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1027 | 202 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Cidofovir | First Aid 2021 | "CIDofovir should be coadministered with ProbeneCID" Both medications have CID in the name and could be put into capitalized letters and highlighted in red | Mnemonic | Verified | Could be worth changing, will add to sheet - christian | | | | Andrew | Moya | doc.a.moya1@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1028 | 371 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Spleen | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948863-overview#a2 | The splenorenal ligament extends from the hilum of the spleen to the anterior surface of the left kidney. | Minor erratum | Verified | This is a little complex, because the splenorenal (lienorenal, if we wanted to use "also known as" in this case) ligament forms part of the lateral border of the lesser sac and is continuous with the gastrosplenic and phrenicocolic ligaments. It also has both an anterior and posterior layer. The anterior level is a continuation of the posterior wall of the lesser sac, which overlies the anterior surface of the left kidney, and travels upwards to the hilum of the spleen, where it is continuous with the gastrosplenic ligament. This is consistent with what this student has suggested. The posterior layer, on the other hand, is continuous with the peritoneum overlying the inferior surface of the diaphragm and runs onto the splenic surface over the renal impression. Given this, I am curious about what we currently have in the book, which is "Spleen to left pararenal space" as what the ligament connects. I consulted a few different sources, including https://radiopaedia.org/articles/splenorenal-ligament?lang=us. Happy to defer to an anatomy expert. - JR | I didn't know about the 2 layers mentioned by JR. An anatomy expert advice would be appreciated. LC | | | | Sandra | Perez Lockward | perezlockwardsandra@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1029 | 585 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Peripartum mood disturbances | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/postpartum-unipolar-major-depression-epidemiology-clinical-features-assessment-and-diagnosis | States that diagnosis of MDD with peripartum onset "must meet MDD criteria with onset no later than 1 year after delivery." This is incorrect. Per DSM-5, MDD with peripartum onset must meet MDD symptoms beginning in pregnancy or within four weeks of delivery. | Major erratum | Duplicate | This was already suggested (June 1st). Reject. -ALL | | | | Alexander | Robertson | Robertsona@calmedu.org | ||||||||||||||||
| 1030 | 536 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Headaches | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/trigeminal-neuralgia?search=trigeminal%20neuralgia%20treatment§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H741989867&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H2010166084 | Trigeminal neuralgia first line therapy: carbamazepine AND oxcarbazepine | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | The user is correct, although I'm not sure if this is HY. Will migrate for further discussion. -ALL https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1145144-treatment#showall | Migrated to Annotate. Will discuss there. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Tarek | Harb | tarek.harb.7@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1031 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28983650/ | Underneath the Pauci-Immune type for Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, there is written that Churg Strauss has PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA when in fact it has MPO-ANCA/P-ANCA. And there is written eosinophilic granulomatosis separately in the same sentence which is Churg Strauss again! Please correct it, it is very confusing! | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed in annotate. -Sylvia | | | | Haleema | Saadia | haleema.saadia@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1032 | 452 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Anticancer monoclonal antibodies | First Aid 2021 | Bevacizumab targets VEGF. VEGFACIZUMAB | Mnemonic | Verified | Not helpful. --CK | Agree to reject. PS | Not a big fan. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Oscar | Gomez Villaseñor | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1033 | 203 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | HIV therapy | n/a | Regimens consists of 3 drugs [please add "of different classes"] to prevent resistance | Clarification to current text | Verified | LY and this section will likely be reworked next year anyway - CFA | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1034 | 405 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | FA 2020 | Hemochromatosis mutation is located on chromosome 6: HemochromatoSIX | Mnemonic | Verified | For some reason, I had thought we already had this, and it looks like we did in the 2020 copy. I am curious if there was a particular reason that we may have removed it. It wouldn't take up space. Could also go on page 64 where we list key mutations. - JR | I also agree with adding this mnemonic. LC | | | | Oscar | Gomez Villaseñor | ozkar_gomez@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1035 | 494 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidermolysis-bullosa-epidemiology-pathogenesis-classification-and-clinical-features?search=epidermolysis%20bullosa&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~79&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Epidermolysis bullosa: inherited disorder characterized by epithelial fragility (e.g. bullae, ulcers) triggered by minor trauma. Caused by mutations in genes coding for keratin expressed in basal keratinocytes. Classic example is a young patient who develops foot blisters after doing sports. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree with adding this new disease, which has been tested several times. 'Epithelial fragility caused by intraepidermal cleavage' wording can be added to the suggested description. LC | Agree to add this. BA Migrated to Annotate -Py | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tarek | Harb | tarek.harb.7@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1036 | 671 | Reproductive | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734072/ | In the topic, "sertoli-leydig cell tumor", it has been written that it is "Small, grey to yellow-brown mass",which is misleading because sources tells us that it can be massive. It would be appropriate if you have it checked. I have provided with some useful articles that indicates sertoli-leydig cell tumors can be of large size. | Major erratum | Verified | It does seem like numerous studies have average sizes >10cm. So replacing "small" with "large" seems appropriate to me. --CK | This source says they usually range from 5-15cm. This is a pretty wide range, I wonder if we even have to include "small" or "large" at all. Will migrate to annotate -Sylvia | | | | Dr. Sachit | Regmi | sachitregmi555@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1037 | 590 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Eating disorders | https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0315/p1530.html | Chloride can be increased in the laxative method of purging | Clarification to current text | Verified | The reference the user provides mentions chloride can be either increased or decreased. As the most common association with bulimia (as this is the topic discussed in the reference given)--for exam purposes--is vomiting, where chloride is decreased, I would leave as it is. -ALL | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1038 | 509 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Neuron action potential | english grammar | step 3 activation gate written twice "gate gate" | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | This was already suggested in annotate, reject. - ALL | | | | Kevin Aldwych | Zayas | kevin.zayas@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1039 | 308 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | N/A | Remember 22q11 syndrome defect associations by: 22 - 2+2 = 4 -> Tetralogy of Fallot 11 - 1 1 looks like a trunk -> Truncus arteriosus | Mnemonic | Verified | Migrated to annotate for discussion. -FAR | | | | Yara | Shhab | yarashhab@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1040 | 668 | Reproductive | Anatomy | Female reproductive anatomy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benign-cervical-lesions-and-congenital-anomalies-of-the-cervix?search=vaginal%20adenosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | clear cell adenocarcinoma arising due to vaginal adenosis. here vaginal adenosis is due to persistance of upper one third of columnar epithelium from mullerian duct in utereo and NOT TWO THIRD AS WRITTEN IN THE TEXT. the upper 1/3rd of columnnar epithelium changes to squamous epithelium normally , here that doesn't occur | Major erratum | Verified | I don't think this student is correct. It seems like vaginal adenosis almost always involves the upper 1/3 and can involve the upper 2/3s too. https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2018/12070/Clinicopathologic_features_and_outcomes_of_primary.70.aspx . Reject. --CK | I do not think this is correct either. The vagina is initially lined with columnar epithelium and is replaced by squamous epithelium from the ectocervix upwards... therefore, persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper vagina causes adenosis - reject -Sylvia | Agree, text is correct as is. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mehak | roy | mehakroy123@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1041 | 794 | Index | Index | Index | N/A | "Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, 353" is duplicated in the index. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | Z | Z | Z | |||||||||||||||||
| 1042 | 564 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Epilepsy therapy | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1184608-medication#2 | Phenytoin is effective and commonly used in the treatment of generalized tonic clinic seizures | Minor erratum | Verified | In the reference provided by the user there's no distinction between 1° and 2° generalized tonic-clonic seizures. I found a study that mentioned the use of phenytoin for 2° generalized seizures but they could not produce evidence to support this. Maybe this needs expert review. I will wait for more input before migrating. -ALL https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11687121/ | Not an erratum. We are going to revise this topic next year and simplify the clinical uses. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Lana | K Haddad | lanakhhaddad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1043 | 416 | Hematology and Oncology | Anatomy | Hematopoiesis | not needed | Had a question in UWORLD on what differentiates Megakaryocytes into platelets. IL-11 = P1ate1ets (word platelets has two letters "L" - sub those with two "1"s from IL-11 that signals Megakaryocytes to differentiate to platelets. See the attached picture for clarification. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I'm not convinced this is HY (though the suggested incorporation of 11 into "platelets" makes sense). Inclined to reject --CK | Not necessarily high yield but definitely an incorporation between hematology and immunology. I'd suggest to migrate and then open for further discussion. PS | This is mostly a mnemonic, and I would say it is not a particularly helpful one. Nor is IL-11 association high-yield. Favor rejecting for this reason. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||
| 1044 | 445 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Heparin | please review the publications attached to this submission | I wanted to submit an entry for Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type 2 (which I received a high yield question on) especially in the setting of Covid-19 management. I recently started my rotations in hospitals centered around South Florida where the Covid-19 outbreak, particularly the delta strain, is of high volume. Every critically-ill patient is placed on heparin thromboprophylaxis d/t risk of thrombocytopenia in a hypercoagulable state. However, patients have also become thrombocytopenic d/t administration of heparin, which begs the question of whether the patient became thrombocytopenic d/t Covid-19 complications or d/t HIT-2 after being placed on heparin. In the heme/onc chapter of the First Aid book under drugs where HIT-2 is listed, I think it is important to list the alternative drug interventions patients must be given as soon as heparin is discontinued - it has become extremely clinically relevant on a day-to-day basis in the hospital. Uptodate and another PubMed article lists Fondaparinux and Argatroban as alternatives amongst a few others, both have been used in the hospital I am currently rotating at for HIT pts. I attached PDF documents of each article. Thank you so much for taking the time to read this entry. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | We currently list Fondaparinux in the entry just underneath the description of HIT-2, although we do not currently explicitly state that it is used in cases of HIT-2; I think this would be an easy addition. We do have a separate entry on argatrobran which does specify that it can be used in instances of HIT generally (not specifically type 1 or 2). - JR | Seems to be a fair suggestion on adding therapy options for HIT. The student is correct, once HIT has been diagnosed, heparin products are discontinued and non-heparin anticoagulation (including fondaparinux and argatroban) is initiated to stop the platelet consumption/thrombosis, and then typically continued until the platelet count recovers sufficiently (as the immune response subsides and heparin is cleared from the system). Most will then remain on this alternative anticoagulation until the PF4 IgG has fully cleared from the system after several months of no longer being exposed to heparin. Heparin products, with rare exception, are then typically contraindicated! We can add a single sentence on the therapies. Argatroban is typically used in the acute setting. Fondaparinux and bivalirudin are other options. Warfarin is often prescribed to take at home long-term until IgG clearance. Authors, we can draft this sentence and add to Annotate. Please use the references provided by the student for support. -Matt | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Emana | Sheikh | esheikh123@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1045 | 157 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Protozoa—hematologic infections | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-malaria-infection-in-travelers?search=malaria%20prophylaxis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~67&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H17 | Mefloquine may be safely administered as prophylaxis for pregnant women during all trimesters as | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | LY given pharm -christian | | | | Diana | Espinal | espinaldiana@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1046 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/xeroderma-pigmentosum | Endonucleases Polymerase (DNA) Ligase G1 phase of cell cycle Xeroderma Pigmentosa This is easy to remember for those who love football. English Premier League-Gameweek1- Zero (xero) point | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a fan of this mnemonic. CW | Same as CW. LC | | | | Manish | Shah | maneshkshah@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1047 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | Clin J Am Soc Nephrol . 2014 Jan;9(1):191-200. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07730713. Epub 2013 Nov 14. | Hello! Under the list of the CAUSES of the high anion gap, it is written that oxoproline is a toxic metabolite of acetaminophen. This is actually no true. I read that 5-oxoproline, which also named pyroglutamic acid, is a cyclic glutamic acid that formed during the metabolism and recycling of GLUTATHIONE, the tripeptide made from glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. 5-oxoproline is a metabolite in the glutathione (gama-glutamyl) cycle that can be accumulated in a high level in some people on chronic use of acetaminophen and causes a high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to an acquire 5-oxoprolinemia. There are also other congenital causes for increase 5-oxoproline. | Major erratum | Verified | This is a good catch, I agree. Added to annotate for further discussion -Sylvia | | | | Khaled | Saed | alkarrady2006@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1048 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Under the rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis section it says "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly called Churg-Strauss syndrome)." Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is Wegener's granulomatosis. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is Churg-Strauss syndrome. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed in annotate. -Sylvia | | | | Carolyn | Szwed | caroszwed@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1049 | 392 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183084-overview#a7 | Colorectal cancer increase risk with pancolitis and duration of the disease. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I'm in favor of adding in "and duration of the disease" here. Per UTD article "Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prognosis of ulcerative colitis in adults": "The extent of colitis and duration of disease are the two most important risk factors for CRC." - JR | I agree with JR and the wording suggestion. LC | | | | sandra | perez | perezlockwardsandra@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1050 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | Major histocompatibility complex I and II | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-histocompatibility-complex-mhc-structure-and-function | MCH II Loci: HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, HLA-DP----- Mnemonic: DR. goes to Dairy Queen (DQ) to get Dr. Pepper (DR) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is a bad mnemonic, but we already have a mnemonic in place highlighting the 2 letters.-ALL | | | | Nawal | Majid | majidn3449@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1051 | 430 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Macrocytic anemias | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2235967/ Guéant JL, Champigneulle B, Gaucher P, Nicolas JP. Malabsorption of vitamin B12 in pancreatic insufficiency of the adult and of the child. Pancreas. 1990 Sep;5(5):559-67. doi: 10.1097/00006676-199009000-00011. PMID: 2235967. | When vitamin B12 is ingested, it binds to haptocorrin or R-protein. Pancreatic enzymes then degrade the R-protein releasing vitmin B12. Some level of vitamin B12 malabsorption occurs with exocine pancreas deficiency can occur, but getting vitamin B12 deficiency is still very rare. Take a look at this quote from my reference: “vitamin B12 deficiency is very rare in cases of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, in adults as well as in children with cystic fibrosis.” | Major erratum | Verified | This doesn't seem very relevant to me. Reject. --CK | The text in the quote where association of Vitamin b12 deficiency to pancreatic exocrine dysfunction and cystic fibrosis has been stated seems relevant however R-protein concept doesn't convince me as high yield. the associations however, are. PS | Seems low yield/beyond scope. While interesting, this is not an erratum, and I am not inclined to update the text from it. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Michelle | Zhu | zhu.michelle@ymail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1052 | 458 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-upper-extremity-peripheral-nerve-syndromes/abstract/24,25 | WINGS AND SALT: Wing'Scapula Axillary Node Disscetion SerratusAnterior LongThoracic | Mnemonic | Verified | Mnemonic not necessary from my point of view. LC. | Agree to add this. BA I would reject -PY | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Manish | Shah | maneshkshah@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1053 | 274 | Public Health Sciences | Communication Skills | NEW FACT | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/843672_3 | I am Asham Alsalkhadi and I am a fifth-year medical student at JUST-Jordan. I have noticed that in the section of ethics/communication skills there is no mentioning of Steps of Change, and I personally think it should be added since many of my colleagues who have taken the step 1 exam told me they have a question about it. In short I am suggesting adding it to this section and I have provided you with a table. Yours truly, | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree, steps of change is testable. CW. | I agree with CW - JM | | | | ASHAM | ALSALKHADI | ashamsalkhadi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1054 | 192 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Tetracyclines | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549905/ | It's easier to remember the mechanism of action of Tetracyclines by using this Mnemonic. "T"etracyclines prevents "AMIN" to meet "T"rna | Mnemonic | Verified | LY - CFA | | | | Tabare | Vivoni | tabarervivoni@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1055 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | N/A | Diastolic murmurs: "The diastolic ARMS": [A]ortic [R]egurgitation and [M]itral [S]tenosis | Mnemonic | Verified | Don't see how this is much of mnemonic, reject. -FAR | | | | Victor | Yu | victorjyu94@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1056 | 436 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12463594/ | It's easier to remember the defects in platelets disorders with this mnemonic "1B"oy "2 G"ansters for Bernard Soulier defect in Gp"1"b and Glanzmann in Gp"2"b/IIIa | Mnemonic | Verified | Way too convoluted IMHO. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tabare | Vivoni | tabarervivoni@outlook.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1057 | 66 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 | Not needed | To remember the Korsakoff characteristics. Use the mnemonic LAACK Memory: "L"ack of insight, "A"lcohol, "A"mnesia, "C"onfabulation, "K" Korsakoff | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't feel strongly one way or the other for this mnemonic. It's okay but not great. I don't think we need to include but if someone thinks we should I will support that. CW | I have the same feeling as CW for this mnemonic. LC | | | | Tabare | Vivoni | tabarervivoni@outlook.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1058 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/990378-overview | Ewing sarcome is now believed to be of esenchymal origin not neurectodermal | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Oumaima | Outani | outani.oumaima@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1059 | 278 | Public Health Sciences | Healthcare Delivery | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096052/ | I am Asham Alsalkhadi and I am a fifth-year medical student at JUST-Jordan. I have noticed that in the section of Healthcare Delivery there is no mention of Overutilization, and I personally think it should be added since a couple of my colleagues who have taken the step 1 exam told me they have a question about it. In short I am suggesting adding it to this section. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think it is testable, do we still have time to make this addition?, would be worth asking if this concept is been tested in qbanks - JM | | | | ASHAM | ALSALKHADI | ashamsalkhadi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1060 | 271 | Public Health Sciences | Ethics | Informed consent | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28234594/ | I think the elements of informed consent are an important part that should be included. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | ASHAM | ALSALKHADI | ashamsalkhadi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1061 | 281 | Public Health Sciences | Quality and Safety | Types of medical errors | https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safety-topics/sentinel-event/ | Sentinel event is something that I think should be included in this section. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree this should be added - JM | | | | ASHAM | ALSALKHADI | ashamsalkhadi@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1062 | 698 | Respiratory | Pathology | Obstructive lung diseases | Not needed | Panacinar emphysema affects the lower lobes: Panacinar in the Pit (lower lobes) | Mnemonic | Verified | Simple and might be helpful for some. I'm in favor. --CK | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1063 | 432 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Intrinsic hemolytic anemias | Not needed | Pyruvate kinase has hallmark Burr cells and it causes extravascular hemolysis: Burr it's cold OUTSIDE (Burr cells, EXTRAvascular) | Mnemonic | Verified | Not a fan of this one. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 1064 | 151 | Microbiology | Mycology | Systemic mycoses | First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2021 | Its easier to remember unique sings/symptoms of Blastomycosis by using this "BLAStomycosis" Bone, lung and skin | Mnemonic | Verified | Think this is nice, but there are already a few mnemonics under this entry and not a ton of space -christian | | | | Tabare | Vivoni | tabarervivoni@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1065 | 622 | Renal | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/kidney-stones-in-adults-diagnosis-and-acute-management-of-suspected-nephrolithiasis | Stones that contain (ph)osphate (calcium phosphate and Ammonium magnesium phosphate) are precipitated by increased (Ph). The rest are precipitated by decreased Ph. | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is a great mnemonic. Added to annotate -Sylvia | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1066 | 622 | Renal | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/kidney-stones-in-adults-diagnosis-and-acute-management-of-suspected-nephrolithiasis | stones that are note radiopaque: can’t c(cysteine) u(uric acid) | Mnemonic | Verified | I like this. Added to annotate. -Sylvia | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1067 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | First aid 2021 | On the diagram of base excision repair, the last DNA sequence shows an uracil as a result of the repair, where a cytosine should be placed after the repair has been done by the endonuclease and other enzymes. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Gabriela Michelle | Arocha | gabriela.michelle@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1068 | 44 | Biochemistry | Molecular | tRNA | First aid and kaplan | On the diagram used to represent pairing of the codon and anticodon in tRNA, the direction of the codon strand must be 3' to 5', not the other way around, as shown in the book. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Gabriela Michelle | Arocha | gabriela.michelle@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1069 | 34 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Chromatin structure | First Aid 2021 | HDDD: Histone deacetylation deactivates dNA | Mnemonic | Verified | I think the mnemonic in the previous line is better. LC | | | | Helio Manuel | Grullón Rodríguez | heliomanuel@icloud.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1070 | 644 | Reproductive | Embryology | Pharyngeal arch derivatives | AMBOSS QBANK | Treacher Collins syndrome is also called mandibulofacial dysostosis | Clarification to current text | Verified | Not sure how HY this is... I personally haven't seen this on any NBME exam, but i'm open to discussion -Sylvia | Will be discussed on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Helio Manuel | Grullón Rodríguez | heliomanuel@icloud.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1071 | 456 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Arm abduction | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537148/ | Muscles that abduct the arm: Spicy DoriToS S = supraspinatus D = deltoid T = Trapezius S = Serratus anterior | Mnemonic | Verified | Not useful mnemonic, students can mixed both 's' letters. LC | Not useful. BA Reject -PY | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1072 | 458 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Brachial plexus lesions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neonatal-brachial-plexus-palsy | Klumpke palsy = Klow (claw) hand. | Mnemonic | Verified | Unnecessary -PY | Mnemonics not required. BA | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1073 | 330 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—sodium channel blockers (class I) | https://www-uptodate-com.evms.idm.oclc.org/contents/cardiac-excitability-mechanisms-of-arrhythmia-and-action-of-antiarrhythmic-drugs?search=class%20i%20antiarrhythmic%20mechanism%20of%20action&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=4#H8 | What is your source for: " Significantly prolongs ERP in AV node and accessory bypass tracts. No effect on ERP in Purkinje and ventricular tissue." I cannot find any other source (besides Amboss which uses the same exact wording) for this information and cannot find an explanation for how Class IC Anitarrhythmics prolong ERP in AV node. Class IC antiarrhythmics block Na+ channels and based on all sources I could find, the AV node does not rely on Na+ channels. | Clarification to current text | Verified | Migrated. -FAR | | | | Rayghan | Larick | larickrs@evms.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1074 | 461 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Actions of hip muscles | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538193/ | Gluteus maXimus does eXtension and eXternal rotation (focus on X). | Mnemonic | Verified | Can be a good mnemonic, I agree to add it. LC. | Agree to add this. BA Migrated to Annotate -PY | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1075 | 712 | Respiratory | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519024/ | Theophyllines most common side effects are gastrointestinal and as such I think it would be a great addition to next years book if this fact was mentioned in the section as it only mentions cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. According to Talha N. Jilani et al. the most common side effects are nausea and vomiting, headache, increased stomach acid secretion, and gastroesophageal reflux, which could be due to PDE inhibition. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1076 | 663 | Respiratory | Anatomy | NEW FACT | uworld qbank | Chest tube location into 4th or 5th ICS in midaxillary line and the layers it traverses through | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think mentioning the insertion site of chest tubes (4th or 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line) makes sense. I don't think layers need to be mentioned. --CK | | | | damandeep kaur | dhillon | damandhillon0070@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1077 | 681 | Respiratory | Pathology | Pleural effusions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnostic-evaluation-of-a-pleural-effusion-in-adults-initial-testing#H8 | light criteria for exudative pleural effusion so pleural protein/ serum protein ratio and LDH ratioo | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | damandeep kaur | dhillon | damandhillon0070@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1078 | 626 | Renal | Pathology | Consequences of renal failure | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-chronic-kidney-disease-mineral-and-bone-disorder-ckd-mbd | Fbroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23 promotes renal excretion of phosphate. FgF23 Fight F(ph)osphate. | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is a decent mnemonic. Will migrate to Annotate -Sylvia | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1079 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4757-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-gpa-formerly-called-wegeners | Rapidly progressive (Crescentic) glomerulonephritis. When describing the disease it says "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)" in reality granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly Wegener's. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was former;y Churg-Strauss syndrome. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Priscila | Hernandez | priscilah.f08@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1080 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-induction-and-maintenance-therapy?search=rapidly%20progressive%20glomerulonephritis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=6~75&usage_type=default&display_rank=6 | there is a mistake in the section of Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. it states that granulomatosis with polyangitis ( previously known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome) which is not correct it is known as Wegener Granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | mieas | bahho | mieas95@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1081 | 478 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Osteoarthritis vs rheumatoid arthritis | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/biologic-markers-in-the-diagnosis-and-assessment-of-rheumatoid-arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with anti-CCP antibodies. No special (anti-CCP) room (rheumatoid) available! | Mnemonic | Verified | Sorry, I don't understand this one. LC | Not nice as a mnemonic. BA Reject -PY | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1082 | 393 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Irritable bowel syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-irritable-bowel-syndrome-in-adults?search=irritable%20bowel%20disease&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H3941929805 | In the topic of "Irritable bowel Syndrome", it has been written in first aid 2021 step1 that "irritable bowel syndrome are most common in middle-aged females", which is not true because according to the uptodate "In a meta-analysis that included eight international studies, the pooled prevalence of IBS was estimated to be 11 percent, with wide variation by geographic region.The prevalence of IBS was 25 percent lower in those aged over 50 years as compared with those who were younger (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.92) [14].","The estimated prevalence of IBS globally is approximately 11 percent, with a higher prevalence in younger individuals and in females." | Major erratum | Verified | From this reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3921083/ - ''Internationally there is a female predominance in the prevalence of IBS.'' - ''IBS occurs in all age groups, including children and the elderly, with no difference seen in the frequency of subtypes by age.'' After reading this, I agree with removing ''middle-aged'' so to keep instead: ''most common in females''. LC | I would agree with LC. - JR | | | | Dr. Sachit | Regmi | sachitregmi555@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1083 | 712 | Respiratory | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | Not needed | benRαlizumab – anti-IL-5Rα | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1084 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-staging-and-prognostic-factors-of-the-ewing-sarcoma-family-of-tumors | It is written "Anaplastic small blue cells of neuroectodermal origin" in the Ewing Sarcoma in the Primary Bone Tumors Section. Ewing Sarcoma is now believed to arise from a mesenchymal stem cell, although that was originally thought to be neuroectodermal in origin. According to uworld, uptodate. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Salim Can | Aydogdu | salimcanaydogdu@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1085 | 355 | Endocrine | Pathology | Diabetes mellitus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diabetic-ketoacidosis-and-hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic-state-in-adults-clinical-features-evaluation-and-diagnosis | Euglycemic DKA is a state at which patient is having DKA but their glucose level is normal. This can be seen in prolong fasting, starvation, side effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, in pregnant women, or if the patient took insulin treatment before coming to emergency department with DKA symptoms | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Rula | Naqi | rjayn89@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1086 | 496 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Miscellaneous skin disorders | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lichen-planus#H16 | Lichen planus: I saw (sawtooth infiltrate) the sea (hepatitis C) from plane (planus) | Mnemonic | Verified | I love it! I agree for adding it. LC | Nice. Agree to add this. BA Migrated to Annotate -PY | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1087 | 675 | Reproductive | Pathology | Penile pathology | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/456305-overview#a8 | The Peyronie disease paragraph says that penile fracture is due to rupture of the corpora cavernosa when is actually due to rupture of the tunica albuginea (that could imply injury to one or both corpus carvernosa). | Major erratum | Verified | Good catch. Migrating to annotate -Sylvia | Will be discussed on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Carlos David | Matos | carlosdavidmatos@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1088 | 244 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Muscarinic antagonists | Dirty medicine | "ScoPUKEamine" for Scopolamine | Mnemonic | Verified | I did not get it. Why do we need this mnemonic? - Vivek | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1089 | 499 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Arachidonic acid pathways | Not needed | Pregnant women DINE with CARBS for 2 ( D for DINoprostone, C for CARBoprost, 2 for PGE-2) | Mnemonic | Verified | Cumbersome for me. LC. | Difficult. BA Agree to reject -PY | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Haya | Omeish | hayaomaish@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1090 | 527 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Clinical reflexes | not needed | In the diagram, S1 should be bold | Spelling/formatting | Verified | The user is correct, will migrate. -ALL | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1091 | 621 | Renal | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | Can compare FA's image to labeled MCD photos here: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=NEPH%2F58414&topicKey=NEPH%2F3084&source=outline_link and https://www.nature.com/articles/pr2002188. | The arrow on image A (for minimal change disease, labeled "EM - effacement of podocyte foot processes") is incorrect. It is not pointing to effaced podocytes and is instead pointing to fenestrated epithelium. The lumen with effaced podocytes is in the center of the image; the surrounding lumina, including the one in which the arrow resides, are the capillary space. The arrow should point towards the fused effaced podocytes, essentially opposite of where it currently is. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Alexis | Musick | alexis.musick@duke.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1092 | 621 | Renal | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | Can compare FA's image to labeled MCD photos here: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=NEPH%2F58414&topicKey=NEPH%2F3084&source=outline_link and https://www.nature.com/articles/pr2002188. | The arrow on image A (for minimal change disease, labeled "EM - effacement of podocyte foot processes") is incorrect. It is not pointing to effaced podocytes and is instead pointing to fenestrated ***endothelium. The lumen with effaced podocytes is in the center of the image; the surrounding lumina, including the one in which the arrow resides, are the capillary space. The arrow should point towards the fused effaced podocytes, essentially opposite of where it currently is. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Alexis | Musick | alexis.musick@duke.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1093 | 456 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Arm abduction | n/a | To remember the muscles for arm abduction, I came up with a mnemonic to help memorize those muscles. The mnemonic is SD TSA. When you go to the airport in San Diego, the TSA agents will ask you to abduct your arms to perform a pat down. The muscles involved in shoulder abduction are thus Supraspinatus muscle (0-15 degrees of abduction), Deltoid muscle ( 15-90 degrees), Trapezius muscle and Serratus Anterior muscle ( greater than 90 degree abduction). Sometimes these patdowns also make you nervous so you sweat and product salty sweat -- remember SAALT for the nerves involved with each muscle. | Mnemonic | Verified | I prefer this mnemonic and agree to add it. LC. | Prefer this. May be we can shorten this. Agree to add this. BA Migrated to Annotate -PY | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Tommy | Chen | tchen13@student.touro.edu | |||||||||||||
| 1094 | 226 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Carcinogens | https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/vinyl-chloride | In carcinogens table Vinyl Chloride is described as quote "Used to make PVC pipes (plumbers)" which eludes that plumbers are at the risk of exposure though it's workers of PVC making facilities quote "People who work at facilities that make vinyl chloride or PVC usually are exposed to higher levels than the general population." and "Work exposure occurs primarily from breathing air that contains vinyl chloride, but workers also are exposed when vinyl chloride contacts the skin or eyes." | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | Good pointer. Migrated to annotate to clarify this. - Vivek | Agreed, we'll discuss it on Annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1095 | 4 | Section I | Abbreviations and Symbols | NEW FACT | None | Spelling mistake "allot" isn't it "allow" | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | Tanya | Mateo | tanmassiel@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1096 | 190 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Aztreonam | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/aztreonam-systemic-drug-information?search=aztreonam&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~65&usage_type=panel&display_rank=1 | Az"three"onam- Aztreonam binds to Pencillin Binding Protein - "3" | Mnemonic | Verified | LY - CFA | | | | Aavash | Mishra | aavash.mishra007@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1097 | 38 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA replication | No need for it | In eukaryotes: irinotecan/topotecan inhibit topoisomerase (TOP) I, etoposide/teniposide inhibit TOP II. I CAN be the #1 (TOP1). Everybody has 2 (TOP2) SIDEs. | Mnemonic | Verified | I love it! I agree to add it. LC | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1098 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | First Aid 2021 and https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/11/2/369 | Thiazide Diuretics should be included in the blue square that lists the causes of metabolic alkalosis. It is mentioned in the Thiazide diuretics section of renal as a side effect of the drug and as such should be mentioned under the list of causes of metabolic alkalosis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is being worked up already -Sylvia | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1099 | 255 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | n/a | "St. John's Funny Funny Mom Never Refuses Greasy Carbs and Chronic Alcohol" . Mnemonic for the P450 inducers. A bit easier to remember (in my opinion) | Mnemonic | Verified | Good mnemonic. Easier than the existing one. - Vivek | | | | Roberto | Andrade | robandrade10@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1100 | 255 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Cytochrome P-450 interactions (selected) | md.salihakgun@gmail.com | IN-ducers ends with "in" or "il". griseofulvIN, carbamazepIN, rifampIN, modafinIL, nevirapINe, PhenytoIN. inhib-ID-ORs ends with "id" or "or" or "ol" or "on". sodium valprOaTe, isoniasID, cimetIDine, macrolIDes, sulfonamIDes, ketoconazOLe, fluconzaOLe, chloramphenicOL, omeprazOLe, metronidazOLe, amiodarONe. | Mnemonic | Verified | This is an interesting and potentially effective mnemonic. Not sure if this an inclusive one but migrating over to annotate to find any applicability. - Vivek | | | | Salih | Akgun | md.salihakgun@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1101 | 336 | Endocrine | Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2276716/ | To remember the inhibit of GnRH by prolactin , nd inhibition of prolactin by dopamine . My mnemonic- DPGN (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis) ,D (Dopamine) inhibit P(prolactin), P(prolactin) inhibit GN (GnRH). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Rockey | Dahiya | rockey972.pgims@uhsr.ac.in | |||||||||||||||||
| 1102 | 52 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Elastin | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-homocysteine | Homocystinuria presents with downward lens dislocation. Homer looks DOWN when he URINATE. | Mnemonic | Verified | Good one, LC. | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1103 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | Embryology | Tongue development | No needed | Mnemonic: "Hide" - Hyoglossus (Retracts and depresses tongue); Mnemonic: "The genius Albert Einstein´s picture protruding his tongue" Genioglossus (Protrudes tongue); Mnemonic: "You have style, you are up" Styloglossus (Draws side of the tongue upward to create a trough for swallowing) | Mnemonic | Verified | I think some elements of these are good, but I don't think the image of Einstein would fit with the book's style. We already have a mnemonic in place for some of these. Will leave open in case someone wants to discuss further. -ALL | Seems tough to implement. Not in favor of adding. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | John | Fiallos | johnnofiallos@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1104 | 61 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Muscular dystrophies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/duchenne-and-becker-muscular-dystrophy-clinical-features-and-diagnosis | Duchenne = Dilated cardiomyopathy (D in both) | Mnemonic | Verified | Both 'd' are already in red. LC | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1105 | 720 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Vitamin B12 | - | Spelling for methylmalonic acid in the lab findings section for Vitamin B12 | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | Yash | Deshpande | yash.deshpande9@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1106 | 442 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Leukemias | It is a recommendation, information taken from First Aid 2021 | I think that this topic could be more understandable in a table comparing their respective characteristics. Also a better way to remember some characteristics of Hairy cell Leukemia could be: "My hair has a bit of rhyme with: TRAP, BRAF and dry TAP". And for AML we have a lot of letter "A": Auer rods, Alkylating chemotherapy as a risk factor, APL subtype responds to trans retinoic Acid (vitamin A) and Arsenic trioxide. | Mnemonic | Verified | It may be worth simply making the A's red in the various AML associations pointed out here. As for hairy cell, I'm unsure how much it would add. - JR | I am not at all a fan of this mnemonic, it is too convoluted. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Midori Nashira | Torpoco Rivera | midorintr@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1107 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3095856/ | Under the rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis section, "Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis" is identified as being formerly called Churg-Strauss syndrome). This is incorrect. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis was formerly called Wegners, not Churg-Strauss. Thank you! | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Thomas | Meram | tmeram@oakland.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1108 | 532 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Effects of strokes | N/A | An Infant in LaP: Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery -> Lateral Pontine Syndrome | Mnemonic | Verified | I see much of a mnemonic here. Reject. -ALL | Not a big fan. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Malav | Patel | dr.malavpatel@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1109 | 533 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Effects of strokes | N/A | Don't pick a 'LaMe' horse that can't eat: PICA -> Lateral Medullary Syndrome | Mnemonic | Verified | This is not that bad, it could work. Will migrate. -ALL | | | | Malav | Patel | dr.malavpatel@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1110 | 516 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Basal ganglia | https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s3/chapter04.html | Direct (excitatory) pathway—SNc input to the striatum via the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway releases GABA, which inhibits GABA release from the GP. THE FIRST GABA SHOULD BE GLUTAMATE. | Major erratum | Verified | I think the user might be confused, the striatum releases GABA, not glutamate. I think they might be referring to the glutamate release from the cortex to stimulate the striatum (so that it can release GABA). There's already a discussion in annotate to rewrite this sections. Reject. -ALL | Yes this is already an issue that has been addressed on Annotate. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Samriddhi | Sarkar | samsarkar04@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1111 | 167 | Microbiology | Virology | Paramyxoviruses | https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses/w/pneumoviridae | Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is no longer considered a Paramyxovirus. Human RSV (aka human orthopneumovirus) is a member of the Pneumoviridae (pneumovirus) family, which "formerly was a subfamily within the Paramyxoviridae, but was reclassified as a family in 2016." The reference provided is to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which maintains the authoritative taxonomic classification and nomenclature of viruses. See also the taxonomic information provided by NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=11250 | Minor erratum | Verified | Would require expert review, however i dont see this entry on rsv in the text on pg 167 - CFA | | | | Benjamin | Yeh | bentyeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1112 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20953407/ | Ewing sarcoma is of mesenchymal stem cell origin | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Zuhair | Hasan | zuhairahasan@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1113 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss?search=churg%20strauss&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~145&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Under Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) GM, under bullet point Negative IF/Pauci-immune, text incorrectly equates granulomatosis with polyangiitis with Churg-Strauss (see photo attachment). Churg-Strauss is actually EOSINOPHILIC granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis. Text should read "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's Granulomatosis)-PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA" | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Andrew | Barboza | andrew.b.barboza@uth.tmc.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1114 | 63 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | Congenital heart disease and Down syndrome - NCBIhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC5370349 | Hello! The example for the congenital heart disease associated with Down syndrome is written as: (( ASD )). I will suggest to write: (( AVSD )) as atrioventricular septal defect is more commonly associated with Down syndrome than atrial septal defect, and this fact was seen in the USMLE test. Thanks! | Minor erratum | Verified | One of the 5 A's of Down Syndrome is 'Atrioventricular septal defect'. So AVSD is already in this section. LC | | | | Khaled | Saed | alkarrady2006@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1115 | 393 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Irritable bowel syndrome | [https://theromefoundation.org], [https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2021/01000/acg_clinical_guideline__management_of_irritable.11.aspx]. | "No structural abnormalities or inflammation". Also, please include, "IBS is now known as a Disorder of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) or formerly a Function Gastrointestinal Disorder (FGID)" per the Rome Foundation, ACG, AGA, and other prominent GI societies. | Clarification to current text | Verified | I agree with both of these suggestions. Here is a suggestion for the wording: ''Disorder of gut-brain interaction. No structural abnormalities or inflammation. Most ...''. LC | I agree with LC's suggested wording. -JR | | | | Pierce | Claassen | pierce.claassen@wsu.edu | |||||||||||||||
| 1116 | 182 | Microbiology | Systems | TORCH infections | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/472409 | Instead of ToRCHHeS I would like to propose TRiPHaSe HaVoC. This has the same system of using only the consonants in the mnemonic, however it adds a couple pertinent microbes and doesn’t require misspelling. The additional microbes are relevant to the USMLE. All are included in Dr. Ryan’s (Board’s and Beyond) lecture on TORCH infections. I will attach a screenshot of this. Toxoplasmosis Rubella i Parvovirus (B19) Human immunodeficiency virus a Syphilis e Herpes simplex virus 2 a Varicella zoster o Cytomegalovirus | Mnemonic | Verified | I would not change this as the TORCH infections is such a commonly used term - CFA | | | | Christian | Gonzalez | cagonzalez@med.unr.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1117 | 701 | Respiratory | Pathology | Pneumoconioses | N/A | To remember that Asbestosis affects the lung bases(Lower lung): AsbesTOEsis (Toe is at the lower part of the body, Asbestosis affects Lower part of lungs)! | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Maryam | Jonbos | maryam.fakiri14@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1118 | 389 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Gastric cancer | https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.9.640 | Helicobacter pylori Infection association with both Intestinal- and Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinomas | Clarification to current text | Verified | The reference used is from 1991: https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article-abstract/83/9/640/922251?redirectedFrom=fulltext Here some younger publications to confirm the fact discussed: - 2010: ''Although H. pylori significantly increases the risk of developing both diffuse-type and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, chronic inflammation is not required for the development of diffuse-type cancers, suggesting that mechanisms underpinning the ability of H. pylori to induce malignancy are different for these cancer subtypes.'' - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2957472/ - 2011: ''H. pylori is also associated with the development of diffuse-type adenocarcinoma'' - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158605/ I could agree to adjust the text with this info but to make it clear that the mechanism is different. For example, here is an idea: - Intestinal - associated with H pylori (chronic inflammation), dietary ... - Diffuse - associated with H pylori (other mechanism); most cases due to... LC | I think LC's suggestion is feasible, simply to main accuracy, although maybe we could word it as "also associated with H pylori, albeit through a different mechanism". - JR | | | | Rahul | Chikatimalla | chrahul27@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1119 | 402 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidermolysis-bullosa-epidemiology-pathogenesis-classification-and-clinical-features | Epidermolysis bullosa | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | | | | Zakaria | Abualkishik | Zakariaabualkishik@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1120 | 481 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidermolysis-bullosa-epidemiology-pathogenesis-classification-and-clinical-features | Epidermolysis bullosa | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | | | | Zakaria | Abualkishik | Zakariaabualkishik@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1121 | 715 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Immunodeficiencies | it is from first aid 2021 edition | On the page described in rapid review in the row of CGD it is written "defect of NAPDH oxidase" instead of "defect of NADPH oxidase". | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | Vishwesh | Patel | vishweshpatel1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1122 | 167.00 | Microbiology | Virology | Rubella virus | https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=202005115 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=2560066 | The rubella virus is not part of the Togavirus family but has been moved to a new group called Matonaviridae | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Felix | Öttl | felix.oettl@student.i-med.ac.at | |||||||||||||||||
| 1123 | 546 | Neurology and Special Senses | Neuropathology | Childhood primary brain tumors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-presentation-and-evaluation-of-sellar-masses?search=perinaud%20&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~32&usage_type=default&display_rank=4 / https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PEDS%2F81227 | In pinealoma section, add upward vertical gaze palsy (in perinaud syndrome) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is already included in the text. Reject. -ALL | Agree, already in the book. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1124 | 142 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Gram-negative lab algorithm | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1871692/ | Naiseria Gonococci Diagnosed with NAT -I believe it stands for Nucleic Acid Amplification Test and that makes it NAAT | Clarification to current text | Verified | Think this is right, will add - christian | | | | Amalia Doris | Ardeljan | ardeljanamalia@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1125 | 100 | Immunology | Cellular | HLA subtypes associated with diseases | https://usmle-rx.scholarrx.com/test/5821606 | The current mnemonic in FA 2021 is There are 4 walls in 1 “rheum”(room), It can be written Reum4thoid artraitris, 4ddison Disease, and DM Type 4, highlighting in red the vertical line in the number 4 | Mnemonic | Verified | I think this is not per the book's style. Will wait for more input before migrating. -ALL | | | | Beatriz | Jimenez | beatriz.18mayo@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1126 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | Check page 249 from FA2021 on platelet inhibition that is the correct info. | Cilastazol and Dipyridamole mechanism it was stated that "Bock phosphodiesterase leading to decrease cAMP in platelets" the correction should be DECREASING cAMP in platelets | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Sura | Mubarak | mubarak.sura@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1127 | 89 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?csi=04d3006f-0bae-45e2-ad85-aedc3f331993&source=contentShare&imageKey=NEURO%2F59178 | In the graph of fatty acid degradation it is shown that carnitine acyltranferase is in the cytoplasm while it is in the outer mitochondrial membrane and i thought mentioning it as carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 or CPT-1 would be much clearer and informative and by mentioning CPT-2 in the inner mitochondrial membrane that would be perfect and very informative | Minor erratum | Verified | I agree. In Annotate, there is also a discussion about how to depict correctly both enzymes CPT I and CPT II on each side of the mitochondrial membrane. LC | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1128 | 243 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | Cholinomimetic agents | https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6847/carbachol-ophthalmic-eye/details/list-conditions | Carbachol also relieves intraocular pressure in closed angle glaucoma (by contracting the pupillary sphincter muscle) | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I have migrated this over to annotate to discuss and crosscheck with FDA labelled indications. - Vivek | | | | Zaid | Al-Kaabneh | zaidkaabneh@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1129 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22525/#:~:text=Uracil%20pairs%20with%20adenine%20rather%20than%20with%20guanine. | The 2nd image in page 39,corresponding to Base Excision Repair, shows a U-G pairing: It shows the process of base removal and backbone segment removal and then shows again the uracil paired with the Guanine. I don't understand why there's a pairing between this Pyrimidine and this Purine. Guanine pairs with Cytosine only and Uracil pairs with Adenosine. I understand Uracil comes from de Deamination of Cytosin, but I don't understand the final pairing is between a Uracil and a Guanine. So far we have been discussing Watson-Creek base pairs and I have not found any discussion about Holbrook's crystals yet in this book. So I don't understand this pairing. Best regards. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Ana | Gonzalez | greenana@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1130 | 462 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Lower extremity nerves | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1141793-overview#:~:text=The%20femoral%20nerve%20is%20part,before%20it%20exits%20the%20pelvis. | Hello, I've created a mnemonic to remember the Femoral Nerve motor muscles and presentation. I've made it easier to understand by attaching a picture. Thank you! | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't know where is the picture.. LC | didnt get the picture to review. BA | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hana | Wahab | hana.wahabb@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1131 | 484 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Vasculitides | Not required | Behçet syndrome Haven’t ate, can’t mate and so I cried. Apthous ulcers Penile ulcers Uveitis | Mnemonic | Verified | This mnemonic is better than the one previously suggested in Smarsheet this summer. LC | Agree to add this. BA Migrated to Annotate -PY | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Pa Ousman | Sillah | sillahousman10@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1132 | 539 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | Not required | Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJ is a MAD man who travels RAPIDLY in sharp waves on EEG road when startled. Myoclonus (startled) Ataxia Dementia | Mnemonic | Verified | I am not sure about this, I'm not a huge fan. I think I would reject. -ALL | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Pa Ousman | Sillah | sillahousman10@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1133 | 128 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Catalase-positive organisms | none | @ BLESS NAdPH for killing Catalase Positive Bacteria;; Burkholderia, Listeria, E. coli, Staph, Serratia, Norcardia, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, H. pylori, Candida, Bordetella. | Mnemonic | Verified | LY and I think we already have a mnemonic here -CFA | | | | Pratik | Bhattarai | soulzstone@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1134 | 572 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Mixed agonist and antagonist opioid analgesics | instinct | "Metha-done" with opioids... for Methadone use in withdrawal programs & neonatal abstinence | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not sure about this... IMO it might cause confusion leading users to think it's an antagonist. I think I'll wait for more input before rejecting. -ALL | Well, I don't think this is a great mnemonic either. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1135 | 108 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Important cytokines | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12615888/#:~:text=In%20the%20lung%2C%20IL-13,mucus%20secretion%2C%20and%20airway%20hyperresponsiveness. | IL 13 promotes IgE production. write IL 1E instead of 13. | Mnemonic | Verified | This could be useful, will migrate for further discussion. -ALL | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1136 | 597 | Psychiatry | Pharmacology | Antipsychotics | instinct | "Clozapine is Cloze to the edge" Given for persistently suicidal patients | Mnemonic | Verified | But I think the user is referring to its use, not side effects. I like it and could be linked to its side effect (agranulocytosis). Will migrate for further discussion. -ALL | I think it is widely known about this side effect, I don't think the mnenomic is needed to reinforce to concept. - JM | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1137 | None | Abbreviations and Symbols | Abbreviations and Symbols | NEW FACT | none. But thanks for making such a really great product. I bought the 2019, and 2021 and I love the new pharm pictures that were added. | It would be really helpful to add the abbreviations with the pathology so that when I'm searching the digital version I get to right page. Ex: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | Amelia | Lerch | amelia.b.lerch@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1138 | 418 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy | Mast cells | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863935/, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mastocytosis-cutaneous-and-systemic-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?sectionName=PATHOGENESIS&search=cutaneous%20mastocytosis&topicRef=103161&anchor=H254793254&source=see_link#H254793254 | Mastocytosis is briefly described here. I have seen questions on (uworld/Amboss/NBME) about cutaneous mastocytosis (urticaria pigmentosa), which is the most common cutaneous mastocytosis in children. As well as about Systemic Mastocytosis.It deserves clarification that mast cells express KIT (CD117) that can be activated by cells that produce stem cell factor (SCF) (i.e. bone marrow, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, sertoli and granulosa cells). It is high yield to understand the disease mechanism but also the WHO criterion for diagnosis of both cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Would it be better in the hematology & oncology chapter? LC | Page 418 applies to the Hematology & oncology chapter. BA Yes, I agree, but why are we discussing it here in the musculo document? I thought that maybe this comment was in the wrong Errata Smartsheet. LC | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Cody | Russell | cnrussell95@gmail.com | |||||||||||||
| 1139 | 586 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Phobias | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition | The patients of agoraphobia have fears or avoids the mentioned situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms and this idea is important to understand the nature of the disease and it is better to be mentioned | Clarification to current text | Verified | Already in annotate, reject. -ALL | | | | Raed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1140 | 301 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Myocardial action potential | Not needed | Phase 2 is the plateau phase: The "pla2 phase" | Mnemonic | Verified | This has already been included, do we know who to credit it to? -FAR | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1141 | 572 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Spasmolytics, antispasmodics | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cyclobenzaprine-drug-information , https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0801/p365.html | Cyclobenzaprine is indicated for muscle spasm, with no effect on muscle spasticity. "Warning: Not effective in the treatment of spasticity due to cerebral or spinal cord disease or in children with cerebral palsy." Also I would recommend changing to the title to "muscle relaxant" or "antispastics, antispasmodics" as these are two categories of muscle relaxant | Minor erratum | Verified | Will migrate to annotate for further discussion. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1142 | 671 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ONC%2F78790 | I chose page 671 where rhinosinusitis is described, as well as because this is where the paranasal sinuses are described. However, I think it would be really helpful to have an image of the paranasal sinuses in the neurology section for anatomy. I had questions both in my preparation for step one and on my actual exam about specific sinuses where pathology was or where tumors were. An addition of a simple diagram describing sinus location, turbinates, and meatuses as I have attached would prove very helpful for many students. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is an interesting suggestion, I'm not sure if neurology would be the right place for it but maybe we could discuss further next year. Defer. (Migrated to respiratory) -ALL | Migrated to Respiratory on annotate and deferred to 2023. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Leonard | Estephan | leonard.estephan@students.jefferson.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 1143 | 636 | Reproductive | Embryology | Early fetal development | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/decreased-fetal-movement-diagnosis-evaluation-and-management | In book: "Week 6: Fetal movements start". UpToDate: "Sonographically, fetal activity can be noted as early as 7 to 8 weeks of gestation" | Minor erratum | Verified | Not sure how HY this is but i migrated to annotate for discussion -Sylvia | Will be discussed on annotate. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Astrid | Sevilla | astridsevilla_14@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1144 | 636 | Reproductive | Embryology | Early fetal development | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=OBGYN%2F83304 | In book: "Week 4: Cardiac activity visible by transvaginal ultrasound." UpToDate: "Cardiac activity First appearance on transvaginal ultrasound examination: 5.5 to 6 weeks." | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Astrid | Sevilla | astridsevilla_14@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1145 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/vi-capsular-polysaccharide-vaccine ---- https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prevention-of-enteric-typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever?search=typhoid%20vaccine&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~21&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H14 | Typhoid (Vi polysaccharide, intramuscular) is a subunit vaccine NOT killed or inactivated. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1146 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | - | Sub-unit vaccines include: Neisseria meningitidis (various strains), acellular pertussis (aP), Streptococcus pneumoniae, HBV (antigen = HBsAg), HPV (types 6, 11, 16, and 18), Haemophilus influenzae type b. Mnemonic: NaSH3 (first letter of each, respectively).) | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not a huge fan of this mnemonic, I vote reject. I don't think it's as good as the ones we have in place for the other types. -ALL | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1147 | 177 | Microbiology | Virology | Esophageal pathologies | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5637016/ | Candida albicans infections become significant risk at CD4+ cell count < 200 /mm3 not at 100/mm3 | Minor erratum | Verified | do not see this on pg 177 - CFA | | | | Jordan | Frausto | Jordan.Frausto@medsch.ucr.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1148 | 267 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Statistical distribution | no need | To recall positive and negative skewed distribution: The curve gets near the Y axis and want to hug it = Positive skewed. The curve gets away from Y axis = negative skewed. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1149 | 266 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Bias and study errors | no need | Hawthorne effect—participants change behavior upon awareness of being observed. Thorns (hawthorne) become roses when they know they are observed. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1150 | 296 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugular_venous_pressure <> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK300/ | In the right atrial pressure curve (JVP tracing) in the bottom left corner, the “A” wave should be larger than the “C” wave. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Zakaria | Abualkishik | Zakariaabualkishik@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1151 | 122 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | Therapeutic antibodies | no need | Eculizumab's target is complement C5 = think 5Culizumab (E is the 5th letter in alphabet) | Mnemonic | Verified | I'm not sure about the "E" part, I think it might be complicated to explain. I will wait for more input before migrating. -ALL | | | | Mohammad | Aljomaa | mohammadjomaa1997@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1152 | 241 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | G-protein–linked second messengers | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6523418/ , | Text says: B3 receptors function to increase thermogenesis in "skeletal muscle". This is incorrect. They exist in "brown adipose tissue", where they cause thermogenesis when activated. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Amna Zubia | Syeda | a.zubia96@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1153 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | First Aid for the USMLE Step 1, 2021 edition | Common Variable Immunodeficiency: high risk of Autoimmune disease, Bronchiectasis, Cancer(lymphoma), Sinopulmonary infections [ABC'S] | Mnemonic | Verified | This could be useful, will migrate. -ALL | | | | Irem | Asci | iremasci1996@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1154 | 67 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B3 | https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Overview-of-the-kynurenine-pathway-of-tryptophan-metabolism-note-Key-enzymes-are_fig1_257350797 | It is mentioned that tryptophan can be converted to niacin but actually it would be less confusing to mention it as tryptophan conversion to niacin derivative’’ which is NAD via the kynurenine pathway | Minor erratum | Verified | I think this is mentioned this way because this section is about Niacin and not tryptophan, that's why I prefer the original wording. LC. | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1155 | 489 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | NEW FACT | https://dermnetnz.org/topics/brown-spots-and-freckles | "Ephelide" is incorrect (under examples of macules). The singular form for the medical term for a freckle is "ephelis" and the plural is "ephelides". I suggest using "ephelis" | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | I check it one more time and this is true. I agree with this change. LC | Agree to make this change. BA Migrated to Annotate -PY | | | | Congzhou | Sha | sha.mike2@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1156 | 387 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Esophageal pathologies | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eosinophilic-esophagitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20372197#:~:text=If%20your%20family%20members%20have,be%20diagnosed%20with%20eosinophilic%20esophagitis. | GERD says "associated with asthma" when I believe it may worsen asthma symptoms but is not associated. While eosinophilic esophagitis (the pathology below) is typically associated with asthma due to them being atopic conditions. | Clarification to current text | Verified | From this article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5395714/ GERD and Asthma exacerbate each other and often occurs together. LC | Yes, according to UpToDate: "Gastroesophageal (GE) reflux is common in patients with asthma and has been identified as a potential trigger for asthma." - JR | | | | Rebecca | Eastman | eastmr02@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1157 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview - https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333492-overview | Churg-Strauss syndrome was renamed to Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). And Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed -Sylvia | | | | Mirla | PARRA PIRELA | mirlanime11@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1158 | 705 | Respiratory | Pathology | Pleural effusions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-clinical-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-chylothorax?search=chylothorax§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H9&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~75&display_rank=1#H355316438 | Chylothorax: Triglyceride level >110 mg/dL on pleural fluid analysis | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Tarek | Harb | tarek.harb.7@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1159 | 799 | Index | Index | Haemophilus influenzae | https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/index.html | In the index, there are two entries for Haemophilus influenzae. The first is spelled correctly ("Haemophilus influenzae"), the second is spelled incorrectly as "Hemophyllis influenzae" (under which "culture requirements for" and "vaccine for" are listed). | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | Kirstin | Reed | kmreed98@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1160 | 318 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Cardiomyopathies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/definition-and-classification-of-the-cardiomyopathies --(and)-- UWorld step 1 QBank, question id: 75 | Cardiomyopathies are defined as heart muscle disease "not caused" by coronary artery disease, HTN, valvular disease and congenital heart disease, and this is what is stated on both Uptodate and UWorld step1 question id: 75. As that being said, ischemia(eg, CAD) should be removed from the etiologies of Dilated cardiomyopathy | Minor erratum | Verified | Needs a second look, migrated. -FAR | | | | Jeries | Halaseh | halasehjeries@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1161 | 397 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.dynamed.com/condition/juvenile-polyposis-syndrome, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gene-test-interpretation-smad4?search=asymptomatic-&source=search_result&selectedTitle=10~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=10#H3878016914 | Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome has an association to Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia in 15-20% of people who inherit the SMAD4 gene mutation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | According to UpToDate: "JPS due to SMAD4 mutations may also be associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The most common clinical manifestations of HHT are telangiectasias of the skin and buccal mucosa, epistaxis, and iron deficiency anemia from gastrointestinal telangiectasia; pulmonary, hepatic, cerebral, and rare arteriovenous malformations. It is estimated that 32 percent of individuals with SMAD4 pathogenic variants will exhibit features of HHT, although the proportion may be considerably higher. There are case reports of germline mutations in the ENG gene that result in HHT in patients with JPS. The ENG gene, located on chromosome 9q34.1, encodes for the protein endoglin, which is an accessory protein of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. However, there are insufficient data to suggest that a mutation in the ENG gene predisposes to JPS." However, I am not sure how high-yield this association is. - JR | | | | Roshan | Pillai | roshanpillai008@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1162 | 704 | Respiratory | Pathology | Alveolar cell types | uWorld Question Id: 20303 | Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare condition characterized by progressive respiratory dysfunction due to the accumulation of surfactant (PAS + material forming lamellar bodies) within the alveolar spaces. The condition ocurs most often due to impaired clearance of surfactant by alveolar macrophages (decreased granulocyte-monocyte CSF factor signaling). Treatment involves therapeutic whole-lung lavage to wash away surfactant and inhaled GM-CSF replacement therapy. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Yara | Shhab | yarashhab@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1163 | 391 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Malabsorption syndromes | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/whipples-disease?search=whipple%20disease%20treatment§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H703772514&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~73&display_rank=1#H703772514 | Treatment: Ceftriaxone followed by TMP-SMX | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Other article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513828/ I agree with this addition. LC | I am in support as well, if this is the accepted treatment paradigm. - JR | | | | Tarek | Harb | tarek.harb.7@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1164 | 308 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Congenital cardiac defect associations | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14648003/ | for the disorder Infant of diabetic mother, in the defect should be add Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) because its highly associated with Maternal DM | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Migrated. -FAR | | | | Huda | Aburumman | hudaaburumman1@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1165 | 46 | Biochemistry | Cellular | Cell cycle phases | https://www.nature.com/articles/nrm2308 | The diagram about P53 action is misleading, BCL2 is inhibited by P53, from diagram it seems to be activated. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Here another resource where a diagram shows p53 inhibiting Bcl-2: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590992/ I agree with updating the image. LC | | | | Tareq | Ubrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1166 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559276/ | phosphodiesterase inhibitors increase cAMP levels in platelets and leads to it's effects. it's written in first aid that phosphodiesterase inhibitors decrease cAMP levels in platelets. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already corrected in current version. - JR | Duplicate, erratum already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | mian muhammad | rehman | mianrehman@live.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1167 | 427 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Reticulocyte production index | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2086146-overview#a4 | Corrected reticulocyte percentage = reticulocyte percentage x [actual hematocrit/normal hematocrit (usually 45)] The reticulocyte index, or reticulocyte production index, is calculated with the formula below. [1, 2] Reticulocyte index = corrected reticulocyte percentage/maturation time in peripheral blood in days (correction factor)* *Note: For simplicity, an average factor of 2 is often used; however, the factor is based on the patient's degree of anemia (hematocrit); see below Hematocrits and corresponding correction factors are as follows: Hematocrit, 45: Factor of 1 Hematocrit, 35: Factor of 1.5 Hematocrit, 25: Factor of 2 Hematocrit, 15: Factor of 2.5 | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | I believe that we have already addressed this in our update for this year. - JR | Duplicate, already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Sahel | Shafiee Dolat Abadi | sahel.shafiee@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1168 | 247.00 | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous | α-blockers | not needed | to be more uniform about the suffix of alpha blockers throughout the text, it is better to write down "-osin" instead of "-zosin" to be similar to page 247 (like tamsulosin) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | | | | Seyed Mohammad Hossein | Tabatabaei | hoseintabatabaii@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1169 | 359 | Endocrine | Pathology | Pheochromocytoma | not needed | A mnemonic "CNS" can be used for Chromogranin, NSE, Synaptophysin as markers of pheochromocytoma | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Seyed Mohammad Hossein | Tabatabaei | hoseintabatabaii@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1170 | 363 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus | not needed | In the part of text about the mechanism of Biguanides, the abbreviation "mGPD" is not included in section IV (abbreviations and symbols). It stands for mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | Seyed Mohammad Hossein | Tabatabaei | hoseintabatabaii@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1171 | 496 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hidradenitis-suppurativa-management | Hidradenitis suppurativa | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I agree with adding this disease. LC | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Zakaria | Abualkishik | Zakariaabualkishik@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1172 | 451 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Alkylating agents | instinct | Busul"tan" for Busulfan adverse effect "Hyperpigmentation" | Mnemonic | Verified | This isn't terrible, and would be easy enough to add in. - JR | It's so-so, but the tan is a very low yield side effect, so I don't think it is worth the addition of a mnemonic like that. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1173 | 451 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Alkylating agents | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/paclitaxel-conventional-drug-information?search=taxanes%20side%20effects&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3 | "Anthracyclines: Taxane Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Anthracyclines. Taxane Derivatives may increase the serum concentration of Anthracyclines. Taxane Derivatives may also increase the formation of toxic anthracycline metabolites in heart tissue. Management: Consider separating doxorubicin and paclitaxel administration by as much time as possible, using liposomal doxorubicin or epirubicin instead of doxorubicin, or using docetaxel instead of paclitaxel. Monitor closely for cardiovascular and other toxicities." | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I have never seen this tested or covered, but I suppose it's possible it could come up - could perhaps just include it right where we mention anthracycline adverse effects by saying something along the lines of "enhanced by concurrent taxane derivative use". - JR | I cannot even remotely imagine this being tested at the Step 1 level. This is pharmacology that is very nuanced and probably beyond scope even for those of us in clinical oncology practice! Inclined to reject for being low yield. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1174 | 136 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pneumoniae | https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/infectious-diseases/streptococcus-pneumoniae/ | Consider including the treatment for Strep.Pneumoniae, which are Ceftriaxone and Macrolides. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1175 | 137 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Bacillus anthracis | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/anthrax-toxin | Consider including the mechanism of action of the anthrax toxin: 1. Protective Antigen (Pag gene): Binding to cell surface-> channel formation that allows entry of 2 other toxins. 2. Lethal Factor: Acts as a protease-> Cleaves Map kinase-> Tissue necrosis. 3.Edema Factor->Functions as an adenylate cyclase-> ↑CAMP intracellularly-> Extracellular fluid buildup & Edema-> inhibition of host defense-> prevents phagocytosis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1176 | 189 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Cephalosporins | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225811-medication | Important to add Strep. Pneumoniae as an infection treated with a 3rd generation cephalosporin such as Ceftriaxone, which is not included in the text. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1177 | 641 | Reproductive | Embryology | Twinning | not needed | at the end of the first line: two different sperm --> two different sperms | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | Plural for sperm is sperm. Leave as is. -Sylvia | Agree, reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Seyed Mohammad Hossein | Tabatabaei | hoseintabatabaii@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1178 | 699 | Respiratory | Pathology | Restrictive lung diseases | not needed | in the "DLCO" abbreviation: the "LCO" letters are subscripted (small below the line of text). However, it seems that just "CO" letters need to be subscripted. | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | Seyed Mohammad Hossein | Tabatabaei | hoseintabatabaii@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1179 | 136 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16455580/ | Please consider including the following mnemonic in regards to the M protein pathogenesis on Strep. Pyogenes. The mnemonic is the following: "M" Protein-> "M"olecular "M"imicry->"M"yosin->"M"itral Heart Valve. (NOTE: The "M"s would be on bold red to ensure students memorize the mnemonic). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1180 | 427 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Reticulocyte production index | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2086146-overview#a4 | Reticulocyte production index is the corrected percentage/maturation factor.What was described in the page was the corrected percentage.The first thing is calculating the corrected reticulocyte = retic % x (patient HCT/Normal HCT(45)) then dividing the corrected retic % by maturation factor to determine the RPI. | Major erratum | Duplicate | I believe that we have already addressed this in our update for this year. - JR | Duplicate, already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Aboud | Fahel | aboud_fahel_93@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1181 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss?search=Granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=9~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=9 | Should be corrected as granulomatosis with polyangiitis(formerly Wegener syndrome). Since eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is formerly known as Churg-Strauss. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed -Sylvia | | | | Chamathi | Abeysiriwardana | chamathiabey@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1182 | 427 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Reticulocyte production index | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulocyte_production_index | Reticulocyte Production Index is calculated as follows: 1.{\displaystyle CorrectedReticPercentage=ReticPercentage*{Hematocrit \over NormalHematocrit}}{\displaystyle CorrectedReticPercentage=ReticPercentage*{Hematocrit \over NormalHematocrit}}2.The next step is to correct for the longer life span of prematurely released reticulocytes in the blood—a phenomenon of increased red blood cell production. So, in a person whose reticulocyte percentage is 5%, hemoglobin 7.5 g/dL, hematocrit 25%, the RPI would be: {\displaystyle RPI={CorrectedReticPercentage \over MaturationCorrection}}{\displaystyle RPI={CorrectedReticPercentage \over MaturationCorrection}} → RPI {\displaystyle ={{5*{25 \over 45}} \over 2}=}{\displaystyle ={{5*{25 \over 45}} \over 2}=}1.4 | Minor erratum | Duplicate | I believe that we have already addressed this in our update for this year. - JR | Duplicate, already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | weidong | ren | 1016836867@qq.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1183 | 66 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-water-soluble-vitamins | It is mentioned that RBC tranketolase activity is measured after administration of vitamin B1 actually it is written in the literature that administration of TPP not B1 | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1184 | 66 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B1 | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-water-soluble-vitamins | It is mentioned that RBC tranketolase activity is measured after administration of vitamin B1 actually it is written in the literature that administration of TPP not B1 | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Saif | Yamin | Saif.66.99@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1185 | 450 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antimetabolites | instinct | "5"-"F"luorouracil special adverse effect (hand-foot syndrome) 5 would represent 5 fingers on the hand & F for Foot | Mnemonic | Verified | This might help some students. - JR | Not a fan, this is too much of a stretch, since there are 20 digits to consider, and "5 per extremity" is having to think too deeply and complexity about it. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hamzeh Feras Attallah | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1186 | 687 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Lung anatomy | https://medicinespecifics.com/lung-lobes-most-commonly-affected-by-aspiration-upright-vs-supine/. Also, I found it in Harrison and other textbooks (although there seems a confusion about it) | While supine, the peanut (causing aspiration pneumonia) enters upper segment of right lower lobe or posterior segment of right upper lobe | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Hadi | Abbas | hadi.h.abbas3@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1187 | 495 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Lower extremity ulcers | Not needed | The images for venous ulcer and arterial ulcer are flipped. So the text about arterial ulcers references the image of a venous ulcer, and the text about venous ulcers references the image of an arterial ulcer. | Major erratum | Duplicate | The image A showing a venous ulcer is under the venous ulcer column and the image B showing an arterial ulcer is under the arterial ulcer column. I don't understand the problem here. LC. | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1188 | 569 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Neurodegenerative disease therapy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/huntington-disease-management#H1930925221 | In addition to tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine is indicated and preferred for treatment of Huntington chorea. Same MOA and can also be used for tardive dyskinesia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | Maybe we could add this, I honestly don't remember questions about deutetrabenazine specifically (instead I remember questions about tetrabenazine alone), and I'm not sure about adding with STEP1 becoming less pharmacology-oriented but it could be a simple edit if deemed HY. Will leave open before migrating. -ALL | Migrated to annotate for consideration next year. - Panagiotis | Prelim accept but NOT publishable errata | | | | Ahmed | Noor | anoor2019@health.fau.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 1189 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333492-overview | granulomatosis with polyangiitis has been labelled to be formerly known as churg-strauss syndrome instead of Wegener's granulomatosis. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already addressed -Sylvia | | | | Kritika | Naithani | kritikanaithani2@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1190 | 79 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Pentose phosphate pathway | UWorld | The arrows in the reversible (non-oxidative pathway) need to be bidirectional because when ribulose 5 phosphate demand exceeds the production capability of the oxidative pathway, the non oxidative pathway functions in reverse and transketolase and transaldolase catalyze the conversion of fructose 6 phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to make generate more ribose 5 phosphate | Clarification to current text | Verified | | | | Varshini | Sridhar | varmasri@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1191 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8957237/ | cyclic AMP is increased leading to reversible inhibition of platelet aggregation, vasodilation, and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. | Major erratum | Duplicate | Already corrected in current version. - JR | Duplicate, erratum already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gopal K. | Yadav | gopalbpkihs@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||
| 1192 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acidosis and alkalosis | 1. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2087291-overview#a2 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5757610/ | Dividing even normal anion gap into increased K and decreased K: Increased K (@RAISE K) R: Renal tubular acidosis type 4 A: Aldosterone deficiency I: Iatrogenic (HCL, NH4Cl) S: Stenosis (Obstructive Uropathy) E: Early Uremia Decreased K (@REDUCe K) R: RTA type 1 and 2 E: Ex-hyperventilation (Post hyperventilation) D: Diarrhea U: Urine diversion into gut (Gastrointestinal HCO3 loss) C: Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitors, Spironolactone | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This mnemonic seems a little too long to add and not sure how relevant it is. Will hold off migrating to annotate -Sylvia | | | | Gopal K. | Yadav | gopalbpkihs@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1193 | 332 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Ivabradine | Not needed | Amend current mnemonic about IVabradine prolonging phase IV to this: IVaBRADine Slows down (brad) phase IV - "brad" was put there to indicate slowing | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1194 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | n/a | on rapidly progressive glopuroneprhtitis section on page 620, the text says that granulomatosis with polyangitis (formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) which I believe is incorrect, Churg-Strauss syndrome is eosonophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis. it might be a typo from the authors. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Asel | Rysal | aslerysali@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1195 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1873937/ | Under rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis-- says granulomatosis with polyangiitis(formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Alysia | Conley | aconley@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1196 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | - | Sallmonella has 2 types of vaccines live attenuated Ty21a strain & Vi polysaccharide. Mnemonic: 2 types of vaccines for Salmonella TyVi (Ty for Ty21 & Vi for polysaccharide type). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1197 | 194 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Trimethoprim | Perazella MA. Trimethoprim-induced hyperkalaemia: clinical data, mechanism, prevention and management. Drug Saf. 2000 Mar;22(3):227-36. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200022030-00006. PMID: 10738846. | Under adverse effects: Trimethoprim causes hyperkalemia irrespective of the dose(i.e Hyperkalaemia has been demonstrated to occur with the administration of both high and standard dosages of trimethoprim). Not just at high doses. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | JEROME | EBUBECHUKWU | donjero4ever@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1198 | 411 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/phentermine | Phentermine: the most commonly prescribed weight loss medication in the United States. Increases the release of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus. Norepinephrine release induces appetite suppression and increases resting energy expenditure. Most common side effects are dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, palpitations, diarrhea, and constipation. Should not be prescribed to patients with uncontrolled hypertension and/or a history of CVD. It should not be taken in the evening as it may cause insomnia | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | For some reason, I thought that we did have this included somewhere in the book. I did not see it in the Gastro or Endo chapters just now when I checked, though. Perhaps we had removed it already from an earlier edition, and that is why I recall it... - JR | | | | JEROME | EBUBECHUKWU | donjero4ever@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1199 | 309 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Arteriosclerosis | Ooyama T, Sakamoto H. [Arterial ageing of aorta and atherosclerosis--with special reference to elastin]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 1995 May;32(5):326-31. Japanese. PMID: 7643469. | Hyaline arteriosclerosis is also seen in advanced age. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | JEROME | EBUBECHUKWU | donjero4ever@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1200 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | MEDSCAPE: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1389981-overview#a6 AMBOSS: https://next.amboss.com/us/article/mk0VoT?q=porphyrias#Za026bd105098e97bddd0881db07a55de | Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Porphyria Cutaneous Tarda do not cause anemia, unlike lead poisoning. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | JEROME | EBUBECHUKWU | donjero4ever@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1201 | 92 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Lipid transport | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/ldl-receptor https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/atvbaha.108.179564 | The LDL Receptor is asked in many questions on UWorld, due it is mentioned and related to many topics like: Metabolim, Pathology and Genetics ( Familial Hypercholesterolemia), Pharmacology, and Biochemistry (Cell trafficking). In the drawing on page 92, the LDL Receptor is only found on Peripheral cell, but it plays a major role in the Hepatocyte. This function (LDL receptor in the Hepatocyte) should be added to the First Aid. As described in the following Article Abstract: "The level of plasma LDL is regulated by the LDL receptor", "The physiologically important LDL receptors are located primarily in the liver, where their number is regulated by the cholesterol content of the hepatocyte. When the cholesterol content of hepatocytes is raised by ingestion of diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol, LDL receptors fall and plasma LDL levels rise." Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3621516/ | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | MIRLA | PARRA PIRELA | mirlanime11@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1202 | 616 | Renal | Physiology | Acid-base physiology | . | In "GOLDMARK" K should stand for 'ketones' not 'keytones' | Spelling/formatting | Duplicate | | | | Diana | Keratishvili | keratishvilidiana@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1203 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | School | The first Aid 2021 page 447 antiplatelets says the cAMP will decrease as their action when in fact it will be increased. This is an important point and its incorrect in the new 2021 first aid. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | Duplicate, erratum already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Derek | Nicolas | dereknicolas8.business@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1204 | 65 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Essential fatty acids | https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/supplement/omega-6-fatty-acids | The text states that Linoleic acid is an omega-6, which is fine, but later on it points out that Linoleic acid is an omega-3, which is wrong. It must be corrected to an Alpha-Linoleic Acid (Omega 3). | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1205 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/platelet-biology?search=P2Y12&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~101&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H24 | should say increase cAMP not decrease cAMP | Major erratum | Duplicate | This has been corrected. - JR | Duplicate, erratum already addressed. -Matt | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kara | Leyden | leydenk2@amc.edu | ||||||||||||||
| 1206 | 118 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | - | Granulocytes deficicecny in mmunocompromised, predispose to Nocardia, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia. Mnemonic: without granules → Nurished Stuffed Persons Broke Seriously. This mnemonic would propably make more sense than one already on book. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Tareq Ibrahim | Al-zoubi | Tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1207 | 89 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/946755-overview#showall | Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is the deficiency of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase which converts fatty acyl-CoA into Acetyl-CoA. Thus, its deficiency causes an accumulation of fatty acyl-CoA--not fatty acyl carnitines as written. This can also be seen in the actual pathway diagram in the same page. A buildup of fatty acyl carnitines would be from myopathic CAT-2 deficiency. | Major erratum | Verified | | | | Shahad | Alchalabi | shahad.chalabi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1208 | 88 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Lysosomal storage diseases | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1952086-overview | my Fabr-ite Gala has Cerami-c floors and HARP music. Fabr-ite = Fabry; Gala = a-galactosidase a deficiency; Cerami-c = ceramide trihexoside accumulation; HARP = Hypohidrosis, Angiokeratomas, Renal failure, Peripheral neuropathy | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Shahad | Alchalabi | shahad.chalabi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1209 | 89 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/fatty-acid-synthesis AND https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/fatty-acid-synthase | The conversion of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to palmitate via fatty acid synthase is an NADPH-dependent reaction. The first aid book does not mention NADPH in the role of fatty acid synthase and I feel like this is important. | Minor erratum | Verified | | | | Shahad | Alchalabi | shahad.chalabi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1210 | 85 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Cystinuria | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/435678-clinical | The clinical presentation/symptoms of cystinuria must be added for full understanding of this illness and for better recognition of it when presented a vignette in a question. Only the pathogenesis, test, epidemiology, and treatment are mentioned. The clinical presentation/symptoms are: flank pain/renal colic, hematuria, dysuria, stone passage and UTI in children and adolescents. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Shahad | Alchalabi | shahad.chalabi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1211 | 302 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Electrocardiogram | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1922987-overview#a2 | Conduction pathway mnemonic: Slice A Huge Black Pepper | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Alpher | Perez Arias | alpher50@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1212 | 89 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Fatty acid metabolism | https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-ii-deficiency/ | Myopathic Carnitine acyltransferase-2 (CAT-2) deficiency also called myopathic Carnitine palmitoyltransferases II deficiency. This is where body is unable to break down acyl Carnitine into acyl CoA causing a build up of acyl Carnitine in the muscles leading to liver, muscle, and heart damage as well as renal failure later on (due to myoglobinuria from rhabdomyolysis). Also no beta oxidation happens so no substrate for gluconeogenesis or ketogenesis, so also hypoketotic hypoglycemia. symptoms include failure to thrive, myalgia, hypotonia from rhabdomyolysis which causes myoglobinuria leading to renal failure as mentioned prior. labs include increased creatinine from renal failure, and increased creatine kinase from rhabdomyolysis and heart muscle damage, and increased ALT and AST as well as hyperammonemia from liver damage. treatment is no fasting, eat carbs and medium chain triglycerides instead of long chain. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Shahad | Alchalabi | shahad.chalabi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1213 | 373 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Abdominal aorta and branches | not needed | Easy way to memorize Abdominal aorta branches and corresponding vertebral levels: SELECTIVE SMALL LEIMA SELECTIVE SMAll LEIMA (Celiac+T+Twelve) (SMA+l1) (L3+IMA) Explanation: SELEC=Celiac /ˈsiːlɪak/ like /sɪˈlɛkt/ T=T Twelve=12 SMA=SMA ll=L1 LE=L3 IMA=IMA | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Yerkhanat | Khuanbai | dr.yerkhanat@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1214 | 687 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Lung anatomy | uworld.com, | I would like to recommend to add next to while supine-- usually enters superior segment of right lower lobe and posterior segment of the right upper lobe. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Almothana | Aburumman | Almoe_a@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1215 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | My professor | I would like to recommend mnemonic for Mitral stenosis Operating System is MicroSoft. O for opening, S for snap, M for mitral and S for Stenosis. The Mnemonic for Mitral Valve prolapse is that to win MVP, your team has to click. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | almothana | aburumman | almoe_a@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1216 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682780/ | Antiplatelet phosphodiesterase inhibitors increase cAMP in platelets | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Daria | Zasorina | drzasorina@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1217 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557827/ | Hi I hope you are well. There is an error on page 620 FA 2021 granulomatosis with polyangitis is not Churgs (as listed) its Wegners with P-Anca not C-anca as listed. | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Sukhmanii | Kahlon | s.kahlon1@mua.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1218 | 308 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Hypertension | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5735066/ and Fundamentals of Pathology (pathoma.com) | HI, I would recommend to add " more common found in elderly males" after atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | almothana | aburumman | almoe_a@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1219 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/platelet-biology?search=phosphodiesterase%20inhibitors%20antiplatelet%20therapy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=9~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=9 | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors increases cyclic-AMP, in the book it is said that phosphodiesterase inhibitors decreases cyclic-AMP | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Balaji | Chenna | balaji.chenna.95@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1220 | 331 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—β-blockers (class II) | https://www-uptodate-com.go.libproxy.wakehealth.edu/contents/propranolol-drug-information?search=propranolol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~148&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | β-blockers (class II) Metoprolol, propranolol ,esmolol, atenolol, timolol, carvedilol (the "II" in class II would be bold as well as the two L's in each drug to remember that it's class II) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Abdurrahman | Roussi | roussiabdu@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1221 | 669 | Reproductive | Pathology | Cervical pathology | none needed | In the Dysplasia and carcinoma section should be add (CIN 4) too because it depends at the thickness of the epithelium become malignancy | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | This is extremely LY for the Step 1. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Huda | Aburumman | hudaaburumman1@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1222 | 673 | Reproductive | Pathology | Benign breast diseases | No needed | Nonproliferative lesions include simple cysts (fluid-filled duct dilation), blue dome. Blue dome should be after the ) | Spelling/formatting | Verified | No, the cyst itself has a blue dome. Reject. - Panagiotis | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Huda | Aburumman | hudaaburumman1@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||
| 1223 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1389981-overview#a15 | The diagram showing heme synthesis indicates that ALA dehydrogenase is responsible for converting Aminolevulinic acid to porphobilinogen. It is wrong. ALA dehydratase is responsible for it. | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Fawad | Talat | fawadtalat2@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1224 | 568 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Parkinson disease therapy | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/bromocriptine https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/0801/p543.html | Bromocriptine and cabergoline are the only dopamine agonists approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I think this is covered in endocrine, and don't see if it could help here, but we could discuss next year. -ALL | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1225 | 296 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and cardiac cycle | © 2021 UpToDate, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Right atrial pressure tracing Image This schematic diagram shows the different components of the right atrial pressure tracing. A simultaneous ECG is shown to demonstrate the timing of the different components. Redrawn from Gore, JM, Alper, JS, Benotti, JR, et al. Handbook of hemodynamic monitoring, 1st ed, Boston, Little Brown & Co, 1985. Graphic 58343 Version 1.0 THE LINK IS HERE https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PULM%2F58343&topicKey=PULM%2F1658&source=see_link | The diagram of the Right atrial pressure curve shows that the c wave is higher than the a wave in a physiological normal state. The a wave represents atrial contraction which would be higher than the pressure generated in the right atrium from the closure of the tricuspid valve. Below I have references from up to date. And I think this is high yield because in the pathologyof increased right atrial pressure caused complete heart block one will observe cannon a waves and it’s important to know that the a wave starts out being higher than the c wave. So that a student won’t see a normal graph and assume it is pathological. | High-yield addition to next year | Duplicate | | | | Lauren | Arias | laurenarias1@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1226 | 394 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Meckel diverticulum | not needed | Persistence of the vitelline duct. IT SHOULD INDICATE "Slight failure of vitelline duct to obliterate" as persistence is understood as patent | Clarification to current text | Verified | I had not interpreted persistence to necessarily imply patent; however, it may be worth specifying. - JR | | | | tarek | al-abboud | t.aboud16@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1227 | 124 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | NEW FACT | https://www.britannica.com/science/coccus-bacterial-shape; https://www.britannica.com/science/bacillus-bacteria | Cocci are circles Bacilli are rods like baseball bats. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Gabi | Steinberg | gj.mail81@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1228 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | Viral genetics | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/antigenic-drift | Genetic drift - It is written that it causes 'major global outbreaks- Pandemics', but antigenic drift causes endemics | Clarification to current text | Duplicate | | | | Rusab | Baig | rusabbaig98@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1229 | 63 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Autosomal trisomies | Just a personalized mnemonic | Down Syndrome Features MNEMONICS My CHILD HAS PROBLEM! M - Most common viable chromosomal disorder in child / Most common cause of genetic intellectual disability C - Congenital heart disease (endocardial cushion defects - AV septum involvement, Primum ASD, VSD)/ Cataracts/ Chromosomal abnormality H - Hypotonia / Hypothyroidism I - Intellectual disability (Hallmark) / Incurved 5th finger/ Increased gap between 1st and 2nd toe (Sandal gap), increased nucheal translucency (Fetal USG), increased B-hCG, increased Inhibin-A, L - Leukemia risk x2 (ALL, AML -M7 subtype) / Low-set small ears / Lung problem D - Duodenal atresia or stenosis/ Delayed development / Dysmorphic features (physical deformities), decreased AFP, decreased Estriol H - Hirshsprung's disease / Hearing loss A - Alzheimer's disease (B amyloid protein) / Advanced maternal age, Atlantoaxial instability S - Squint/ Short neck/ short broad hands / Sandal gap / short stature / Simian crease / Quad Screen (AFP, B-hCG, Estriol, Inhibin-A) P - Protruding tongue/ single Palmar crease / upslanting palpebral fissures / low PAPP-A levels R - Round face/ Rolling eye (nystagmus) / unbalanced Robertsonian translocation (2-4% cases) O - Occiput is flat/ Oblique eye fissure B - Brushfield spots (white spots on iris) / Brachycephaly (flat posterior skull, not round) L - Low nasal bridge/ low-set ears / Language problem E - Epicanthic fold/ Ear folded M - Mongoloid slant / Mental retardation/ Myoclonus / Malignancy / Meiotic nondisjunction Meiosis I (90% cases) / Mitotic error (<2% cases) | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Usman | Sadiq | sud4deen@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1230 | 704 | Respiratory | Pathology | Physical findings in select lung diseases | First Aid 2021 | Atelectasis Attracts Trachea with the A&T in bold and in red in all three words (ATelectasis, Attracts and Trachea) to remind us that in atelectasis the trachea is deviated towards the side of the lesion. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Cindy | Santana | cindymsp13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1231 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://journals.lww.com/bloodcoagulation/fulltext/2015/09000/the_change_in_platelet_count_in_patients_with.10.aspx | Hi, It says that Clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine that the adverse effects could be a TTP but Also it should have ITP because it effects GP2b/3a the same mechanism | Major erratum | Verified | | | | almothana | Aburumman | almoe_a@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1232 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | instinct | Just add Rubellax "arbitrary name to remember Rubella" in the context of "You need a patent for that Rubellax machine" | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Hamzeh | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1233 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's granulomatosis). The original text states granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome). | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Natasha | Minaya | natashaminaya@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1234 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss | I found a mistake in the 2021 USMLE step book. On page 620 Under Rapidly progressive Glomerulonephritis. The text states that granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly called Churg-Strauss syndrome, which is incorrect. It was actually formerly called Wegeners. It was actually eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis that was called Churg- Strauss. | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Bhumika | khanna | bhumikakhanna@yahoo.ca | |||||||||||||||||
| 1235 | 623 | Renal | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | Amboss, Uworld | Urgency incotinence is associated with early MS. I've seen a couple of questions in uworld about that. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Salim Can | Aydogdu | salimcanaydogdu@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1236 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333492-overview | Granulomatosis w polyangittis wasn’t known as churgg strauss but rather known as wegner's. Churgg strauss is eosinophilia granulomatosis | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Ashley | Echeta | aecheta@aggienetwork.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1237 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | the text states - granulomatosis with polyangitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome) - I believe this to be a typo. It should instead read granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegner's granulomatosis) - eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis is formerly called Churg-Strauss | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Melanie Rae | Espino-Canche | melanierae_ec@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1238 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351088 | granulomatous with polyangiitis should be Wegener's granulomatosis not Churg-Strauss syndrome | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Mary | Ayad | mayad1@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1239 | 254 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Drug reactions—neurologic | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352061 | We can use the following mnemonic linking the peripheral neuropathy symptoms to the first letter of the drugs: I feel Prickling, Paralysis and Voiding Dysfunction. The first letter of every drug will be in red, with: "I" for Isoniazid "Prickling" for Phenytoin "Paralysis" for Platinum Agents "Voiding Dysfunction" for Vincristine. | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Christin | Berjaoui | christin.ber.7@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1240 | 564 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Epilepsy therapy | not needed | The side effects for Tropimate have an already highlighted "S" letters, so we can write this sentence within the notes box (6 S's) | Mnemonic | Verified | I don't think this is very useful, reject. -ALL | | | | Christin | Berjaoui | christin.ber.7@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1241 | 614 | Renal | Physiology | Potassium shifts | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2402122/ | HYPOosmolarity leads to HYPOkalemia and HYPERosmolarity leads to HYPERkalemia | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Ayesha | Khan | akhan28@sgu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1242 | 111 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Vaccination | - | ToxoiD vaccines examples --- clostridium Tetani, corynebacterium Diphtheriae (first & last letter of ToxoiD with first letter of bacteria subspecies). | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | Tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1243 | 347 | Endocrine | Pathology | Acromegaly | UWorld | To add in the Acromegaly findings: Hypogonadism and galactorrhea because of the association with prolactinoma and the similarity between growth hormone and prolactin | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Huda | Aburumman | hudaaburumman1@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1244 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=CARD%2F70151&topicKey=CARD%2F1498&source=see_link https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/764760_5 | Cilostazol, dipyridamole block phosphodiesterase which leads to an increase in cAMP in platelets (the text states decrease) - cAMP is broken down to AMP by the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE) - if we add a PDE inhibitor, then cAMP will go up | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Melanie Rae | Espino-Canche | melanierae_ec@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1245 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/churg-strauss-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353760 | it says granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly churg-strauss) instead of eosinophilia granulomatosis with polyangiitis | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Barilee | Abueh | barysyn@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1246 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cilostazol-drug-information?search=cilostazol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~31&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F151413 | If you look carefully at the mechanism, it reads "decrease" in cAMP in platelets which leads to decreased platelet aggregation. THIS IS INCORRECT information. Inhibiting PDE leads to an "INCREASE" in cAMP in platelets which decreases platelet aggregation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are also mentioned in the pharmacology- autonomic drugs section (page 249) which has the correct mechanism for cilostazol and dipyridamole. (increase cAMP) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | Prateek | Bali | dr.pkbali@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1247 | 386 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Abdominal wall | Nosuch | Kindly add my picture | High-yield addition to next year | Staff rejects | | | | Maheera | Qureshi | dr.maheera.qureshi@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1248 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | Uworld | Erwing Sarcoma has been reclassified as a Mesenchymal tumor(no longer a primitive neuroectoderm tumor) | Major erratum | Duplicate | | | | JEROME | EBUBECHUKWU | donjero4ever@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1249 | 570 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Intravenous anesthetics | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/109739-overview#a4 | Propofol - Potentiates GABA-A (depresses reticular activating system - RAS) - Ultrashort-acting IV anesthetic used for induction of anesthesia (standard of action for rapid sequence intubation); short duration of action, safe in patients with head injury, & minimal adverse effects; lacks analgesic properties; rapidly hydrolyzed in liver & plasma, forming an inactive metabolite excreted in urine. Unlike other induction agents, etomidate does not depress the cardiovascular system because sympathetic outflow & baroreceptor reflexes are maintained. Because it lacks analgesic effect, laryngoscopy itself may induce sympathetic stimulation, & slight transient hypertension may follow. Adverse effects: nausea/vomiting, myoclonus, & laryngospasm (usually attenuated by paralysis). No absolute contraindications to use in rapid sequence intubation. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | I am not sure what the suggestion is here, IMO we already have the HY information for propofol. The suggestion to add etomidate is already in annotate. I would reject this suggestion. -ALL | | | | Daniel | Shostak | danshost@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1250 | 328 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Lipid-lowering agents | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/statins-actions-side-effects-and-administration | Niacin is Nice. Niacin raises Good Cholesterol (HDL), decreases Bad Cholesterol (LDL). Niacin is GoLD. Causes Gout, LFT increase, Diabetes | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Manish | Shah | maneshkshah@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1251 | 159 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/gen_info/faqs.html | Trichinella spiralis can not transmitted fecal-oral according the CDC | Major erratum | Verified | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1252 | 626 | Renal | Pathology | Acute tubular necrosis | Amboss | PCT is highly susceptible as mentioned here but, Straight part of proximal tubule is more susceptible than PCT which is not mentioned here | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Salim Can | Aydogdu | salimcanaydogdu@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1253 | 138 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Clostridia | https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cdiff/cdiff_infect.html | Clostridium difficile is now called clostridoides difficile | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Oumaima | Outani | outani.oumaima@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1254 | 495 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | NEW FACT | not needed | Pallor is spelled incorrectly ( it is written as Palor) | Spelling/formatting | Staff rejects | | | | hamzah | hasan | htelawe@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1255 | 332 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Antiarrhythmics—calcium channel blockers (class IV) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482322/ | The following table should be added to the next edition of first aid book. | High-yield addition to next year | Verified | | | | Fawad | Talat | fawadtalat2@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1256 | 110 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Passive vs active immunity | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/hav-grade-tables.html | Post Exposure prophylaxis with hepatitis A vaccine or immunoglobulin (IG) is available | Major erratum | Verified | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1257 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/pletal-cilostazol-342136#10 | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors increase cAMP | Minor erratum | Duplicate | | | | Ashley | Echeta | aecheta@aggienetwork.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1258 | 372 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Digestive tract anatomy | N/A; this is just a mnemonic | To distinguish that it is termed serosa when intraperitoneal and *advent*itia when retroperitoneal: Retroperitoneal is outside; people are *advent*urous outdoors | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Kevin | Rivera | Kevin.Rivera@tcu.edu | |||||||||||||||||
| 1259 | 515 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Cerebellum | First AID 2019 , not necessary | Please Move the Mnemonic for Deep cerebellar nuclei under or close to the listing of the nuclei themselves (from the second column to the first column). It looks random especially with the unnecessary highlighted finger-to-nose test. | Clarification to current text | Staff rejects | | | | Lydia | Semo | tortousjourney@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1260 | 636 | Reproductive | Embryology | Important genes of embryogenesis | My mind :) | To remember the function of "Fibroblast Growth Factor" gene, you can use this mnemonic "F"inger "G"rowing "F"actor instead of the substantial mnemonic | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Bilgünay İlkin | Safa | ilkin.safa@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1261 | 59 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Modes of inheritance | Not needed | Mindmap to solve pedigrees | Mnemonic | Verified | | | | Mohamed | Ismaiel | mqk01112gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1262 | 359 | Endocrine | Pathology | Pheochromocytoma | First Aid | Extra space between "vanillylmandelic" and "acid" under "Findings" | Spelling/formatting | Staff accepts | | | | Christy | Chan | chrissycchan@aol.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1263 | 317 | Cardiovascular | Pharmacology | Hypertension treatment | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532943/ | I am looking at p 317 in the *2020* edition. If the same diagram is in the 2021 ed., it should be noted that cAMP is **excitatory** (not inhibitory) on MLCK. | Minor erratum | | | | Brian | Dudley | brian.dudleyx@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1264 | 409 | Gastrointestinal | Pharmacology | Proton pump inhibitors | not needed | Easy way to remember Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) drug names and Mechanism: HulK ELOPeD with PPI H-H+ ul-Ulcer K-K+ E-Esomeprazole L-ansoprazole O-Omeprazole P-Pantoprazole e D-Dexlansoprazole | Mnemonic | | | | Yerkhanat | Khuanbai | dr.yerkhanat@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1265 | 349 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image/print?imageKey=ENDO%2F75131 | Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis Also called de Quervain thyroiditis. Usually, a self-limited disease. Natural history: transient hyperthyroidism euthyroid state hypothyroidism. | Major erratum | | | | seraj ahmed baqer | seraj ahmed baqer | surige763@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1266 | 122 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | - | guSElku-mab is a monoclonal antibody against IL-23 (23 is a mirror image of SE [ie, gu23lku-mab]). | Mnemonic | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1267 | 122 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | - | u(S)(T)e-kino-mab → (Second) (Tri) → IL-1(2) and IL-2(3). | Mnemonic | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1268 | 308 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Hypertension | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026 | The FA defines Hypertension as a "Persistent Systolic BP ≥130mmHg and/or Diastolic BP≥80mmHg", when in reality is a Systolic BP ≥140mmHg and/or Diastolic BP≥90mmHg | Major erratum | | | | Marianne | Scharf | anneschafer06@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1269 | 610 | Renal | Physiology | Renal tubular defects | Not needed | Bartter syndrome presents similar to loop diuretic use: Lawyers take the Bar (Loop – Bartter) | Mnemonic | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1270 | 122 | Immunology | Immunosuppressants | Immunosuppressants | This is a better mnemoonic than the one I previously submit on same antibody. | USTekino-mab, directed agaisnt IL12 & IL-23 → (U)ni (S)econd (T)ri IL-(12) and (IL-23), see attached picture. | Mnemonic | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | Tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1271 | 133 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Bacteria with exotoxins | Uworld and https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20608521/ | Hi, There is an additional name for Clostridium perfringens and it is Clostridium septicum. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Almothana | Aburumman | almoe_a@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1272 | 621 | Renal | Pathology | Nephrotic syndrome | Not needed | Minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children: minimal CHange disease - CHildren | Mnemonic | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1273 | 579 | Psychiatry | Pathology | NEW FACT | Uworld Question | Domestic Violence: Male abuser with low self esteem, poor anger control and substance abuse. Female victim with emotional or financial dependence on the abuser. It's the most common cause of injury to females in USA. Management to encourage victim to report, discuss an escape plan and ensure victim safety. | High-yield addition to next year | Q-banks are not an appropriate reference, but we could discuss next year. -ALL | | | | Huda | Aburumman | hudaaburumman1@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1274 | 442 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Leukemias | UWorld step 2 Q12425 + https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20554322/ | One unique type of AML is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which is characterized by life-threatening coagulopathy due to DIC. | Clarification to current text | | | | Raed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1275 | 551 | Neurology and Special Senses | Otology | Auditory anatomy and physiology | First Aid | The image shows the the middle ear contains the tympanic membrane, however, the description below mentions that the outer ear contains the tympanic membrane. | Minor erratum | I would defer this to the illustration team for next year. -ALL | | | | Varshini | Sridhar | varmasri@hotmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1276 | 392 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Inflammatory bowel diseases | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-budesonide-therapy-for-adults-with-inflammatory-bowel-disease?search=budesonide&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~141&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Acute exacerbations of disease are treated with corticosteroids, Budesonide is 1st line therapy with high topical anti-inflammatory activity and high first-pass metabolism (90%) resulting in low systemic bioavailability and therefore less systemic side effects | High-yield addition to next year | This may be worth specifying, but it can likely wait until the 2023 edition now. -JR | | | | Noah | Saunders | noahsaunders13@gmail.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1277 | 105 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunoglobulin isotypes | no need | IgM= mother (modern infection) , IgG= Grandmother (Chronic infection) | Mnemonic | | | | Huda | Aburumman | hudaaburumman1@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1278 | 151 | Microbiology | Mycology | Systemic mycoses | not needed | size comparison of systemic mycoses to RBCs: "HBC" - Histoplasma < Blastomyces < Coccidioides -- Histoplasma = smaller than RBCs, Blastomyces = same size as RBCs, Coccidiomyces = larger than RBCs | Mnemonic | | | | Richard | Pellegrini | rpellegr@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1279 | 431 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Anemias | . | Fanconi Anemia Mnemonic: BISCuiT | B(Bone Marrow Failure), I(Incidence of Tumors Increased), S(Short Stature), C(Cafe-Au-Lait Spots), T(Thumb/Radial Defects) | Mnemonic | | | | DOĞAN ŞEVKİ | KALAMANOĞLU | dogankalaman@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1280 | 674 | Reproductive | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://documents.cap.org/protocols/Breast.Invasive_4.5.0.0.REL_CAPCP.pdf | At the bottom of the page is a footnote that says "All types of invasive breast carcinoma can be either of tubular subtype (well-differentiated tubules that lack myoepithelium) or mucinous subtype (abundant extracellular mucin, seen in older females)." This is not true. Tubular carcinoma and Mucinous carcinoma are recognized categories of invasive mammary carcinoma, not "sub-types" of each category. | Clarification to current text | | | | Sandra | Cottingham | cottingh@msu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1281 | 667 | Reproductive | Pathology | Gynecologic tumor epidemiology | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-protocols-for-gynecologic-malignancies?search=gynecologic%20tumor%20epidemiology&source=search_result&selectedTitle=20~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=20 | This Fact name should be changed to "Gynecologic cancer epidemiology" or even "Gynecologic malignancy epidemiology". The content here focuses exclusively on cancers, and common benign tumors are omitted such as Leiomyomas. So to keep this section clear and focused, "cancer" should be specified. | Minor erratum | | | | Jeffrey | Hanover | jth151@njms.rutgers.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1282 | 538 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Neurodegenerative disorders | N/A | Lewy bodies composition, spell α-synucLEWYn (α-synuclein) | Mnemonic | I think I remember this being suggested before but I don't recall why it was rejected. Defer for 2023. -ALL | | | | Yara | Shhab | yarashhab@yahoo.com | |||||||||||||||||
| 1283 | 148 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Chlamydiae | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/urethritis-in-adult-men | UpToDate says that doxycycline is better than azithromycin and that azithromycin should not be used due to lower cure rates as well as increased risk of M. genitalium resistance. Change this to say that doxycycline is preferred over azithromycin. | Major erratum | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1284 | 41 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1384/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19117905/, https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fragile-x-syndrome-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-in-children-and-adolescents?search=fragile%20x&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~50&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H3 | In more than 99 percent of cases, loss of function is caused by an unstable expansion of a trinucleotide (cytosine-guanine-guanine, CGG) repeat at the 5' untranslated region | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Shreya | Dhungana | shreyadhungana@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1285 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | 1) Goodman& Gilman,13th ed. (2018). 2) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10511123/ | the arrow indicating down for cAMP is wrong. The correct is that Cilostazol and dipyridamole increase cAMp in the platelets | Major erratum | | | | Carolina | Restini | restinic@msu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1286 | 450 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10511123/ | cilostazole and dipyridamole are phosphodiesterase that causes increase in cAMP not decrease | Spelling/formatting | | | | hamza | tall | hamza.tall9@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1287 | 269 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Confidence interval | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/proof-p-values-and-hypothesis-testing#H8 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10654-016-0149-3 | In First Aid 2021, confidence interval is defined as "a range of values within which the true mean of the population is expected to fall, with a specified probability". Actually, for a specific confidence interval, the probability that it contains the population value is either 0 (it does not contain it) or 1 (it does contain it). Confidence interval of amean is a range of values around the mean that are believed to contain, in a certain proportion of samples (e.g., 95%), the true value of the mean (i.e., the population mean), so the confidence interval reflects a long-run probability (i.e., not the probability for a particular confidence interval). Taking 95% confidence interval as an example, 95% means that if confidence intervals computed from very many studies samples, then 95% of them will contain the population value, while the other proportion of samples (i.e., 5%), the confidence interval won’t contain that true value. That is not the same as a particular confidence interval for a specific sample having a 95% probability of containing the true population value. The intervals that can be understood as having a specified probability (eg, 95%) of containing the true population value usually called Bayesian posterior (or credible) intervals (not confidence intervals). | Major erratum | | | | Hammam | Al-Rabab'a | hrbab3a@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1288 | 632 | Renal | Pharmacology | Thiazide diuretics | Not needed | Thiazide diuretics can treat osteoporosis (prevent calcium excretion): THIazides for THIn bones (osteoporosis) | Mnemonic | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1289 | 62 | Biochemistry | Genetics | Rett syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rett-syndrome-genetics-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?search=rett%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~35&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H1466388415 | According to Uptodate "The assumption that MECP2 mutations in males always causes embryonic lethality or early postnatal demise is incorrect.". In first aid 2021, it has been written that males with rett syndrome die in utero or shortly after birth, but uptodate has clearly stated that it is not correct and male can survive upto 29 years age with the average age of survival being 7.7 years. | Major erratum | | | | Dr. Sachit | Regmi | sachitregmi555@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1290 | 196 | Microbiology | Antimicrobials | Antimycobacterial therapy | UWORLD + https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835537/ | In the past, patients with untreated AIDS who had CD4 counts <50/mm3 were given primary prophylaxis (azithromycin) to prevent MAC infections, but this is no longer recommended due to cost, low overall risk, and concern for antimicrobial resistance. | Minor erratum | | | | Ra'ed | Ababneh | raedababneh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1291 | 301 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6207292/ | The If funny current is a Na+/K+ exchange current where there is Na+ influx into the pacemaker cells and K+ efflux out of the cell. The K+ concentration inside the cell does not facilitate secondary active transport into the cell. According to Fick's Law & Nernst equation [E]K+ = approx. -90mV, therefore, in pacemaker cells, at resting potential around -65mV should result in K+ efflux if secondary active transport with sodium through the If channel depolarizes the membrane.. | Clarification to current text | | | | Robert | Roth | robert_k_roth@rush.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1292 | 142 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Neisseria | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6950a6.htm; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-uncomplicated-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infections?search=gonorrhea%20and%20chlamydia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H3534059366 | According to relatively new guidelines put forth by the CDC, Neisseria gonococcal infections WITH chlamydia coinfection excluded should be treated with ceftriaxone alone. Furthermore, gonococcal infections WITHOUT the exclusion of chlamydia coinfection requires treatment of Ceftriaxone with Doxycycline only. This change in recommendations deviates from previous protocols as upon a confirmed gonococcal infection, Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin(or Doxycycline) together were indicated regardless of Chlamydia coinfection testing.. | Minor erratum | | | | Jacob | Guest | jacob_w_guest@rush.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1293 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/ | In the mechanism of action for the Cilostazol and Dipryidamole it is written that there is a decrease in cAMP while in fact it should be an increase. | Minor erratum | | | | Abdallah | Rayyan | abdrayyan@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1294 | p. 637 | Reproductive | Embryology | Embryologic derivatives | none | "Endoderm: 'Enternal' layer" → "Enteral layer" | Spelling/formatting | | | | Qin | XIE | xieqin1227@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1295 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Phosphodiesterase inhibitors | First aid 2021 page 249 | Cilostazol and dipyridamole DOES NOT decrease cAMP levels in platelets instead they increase it | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Omar | Jemzawi | Omaryyn@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1296 | 167 | Microbiology | Virology | NEW FACT | https://www.msdvetmanual.com/nervous-system/equine-arboviral-encephalomyelitis/overview-of-equine-arboviral-encephalomyelitis | EEE and WEE are arboviruses too | Minor erratum | | | | ider | oujamaa | ideroujamaa@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1297 | 163 | Microbiology | Virology | Viral envelopes | not needed. | Mnemonic for NAKED viruses: Californian Playboy Requires Posting Erotic And Pornographic NAKED Pictures. Californian - Calicivirus; Playboy - Papillomavirus; Requires - Reovirus; Posting - Polyomavirus; Erotic - hep E virus; And - Adenovirus; Pornographic - Parvovirus; NAKED - naked viruses; Pictures - Picornavirus. | Mnemonic | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1298 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31266709/ | Under Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis in the nephritic disease table you have listed granulomatosis with polyangiitis as being formerly known as "Churg-Strauss". This is not true, granulomatous with polyangiitis has another name of "Wegener's Granulomatosis". "Churg Strauss" refers to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. | Minor erratum | | | | Jacob | Guest | jacob_w_guest@rush.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1299 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Vasculitides | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2446340474 | Under the Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis it says "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)- PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA..." Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly Wegener's Granulomatosis. Churg-Strauss was what is now eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. | Minor erratum | | | | Clara | Straus | cstraus@student.touro.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1300 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Glomerular diseases | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332622-overview | Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis that have negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition) include granulomatosis with polyangiitis. It is incorrectly referenced as formerly Churg Strauss Syndrome. It should be corrected to formerly Wegners Granulomatosis. | Minor erratum | | | | Roberto Antonio | Rosado Figueroa | rob.arosado@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1301 | 405 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Wilson disease | https://reference.medscape.com/drug/cuprimine-depen-penicillamine-343728#0 | A quick and funny way to remember that Wilson disease can be treated with penicillamine (chelates copper and excretes the soluble complex in urine) is to instead spell the drug as penisillamine. | Mnemonic | | | | Roberto Antonio | Rosado Figueroa | rob.arosado@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1302 | 395 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Biliary tract disease | N/A | primary sclerosing cholangitis: "s" for string and "s" looks like a curved string (beads on a string appearance), also sclerosing: string, sperm (assoc with men), onion skin, ulcerative colitis (turn the "u" to the left and put the "c" on top and it makes a funky "s"; pic attached); primary biliary cholangitis: boobs and butt (assoc with women), autoimmune diseases are heavily correlated with women (assoc with autoimmune diseases); mitochondrial genetics follows women (anti-mitochondrial antibody) | Mnemonic | | | | Kollin | Kahler | kollin.kahler@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1303 | 299 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image/print?imageKey=CARD%2F69748 | Most R(I)ight sided murmurs (I)ncrease with (I)nspiration and L(e)ft sided murmur d(E)crease | Mnemonic | | | | Max | Capouano | maxcapmd@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1304 | 41 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Functional organization of a eukaryotic gene | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_codon | In the diagram the start codon in mature mRNA is ATG witch is not correct it must be AUG in mRNA but ATG is in the coding DNA | Minor erratum | | | | RASHA | AL-KARKHY | Dr.rm1423@yahoo.ca | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1305 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-induction-and-maintenance-therapy?search=wegener%20granulomatosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | Under the Rapidly Progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is listed as being formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome, instead of Wegener's | Minor erratum | | | | Emma | Lankey | elankey@mcw.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1306 | 252 | Pharmacology | Toxicities and Side Effects | Drug reactions—endocrine/reproductive | None | Hyperthyroidism - Iodine, Amiodarone, Lithium - mnemonic = I am lively (I = iodine, am = amiodarone, L from lively = lithium) | Mnemonic | | | | Sahaab | Zahid | sahaabzahid@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1307 | 314 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Types of infarcts | https://www.swisscardio.ch/DOCS_PUBLIC/Empfehlungen_Richtlinien/2020_ESC_Guidelines_for_the_management_of_acute_coronary_syndromes_in_patients_presenting_without_persistent_ST_segment_elevation.pdf | NSTEMI ECG changes are not limited only to ST segment depression. Transient ST elevation, ample, flat, inverted T waves and even normal ECG can be described as NSTEMI. Text needs to clarify this, it was clear for unstable Angina in page 312, but for NSTEMI infarction, it seems as only ST depression is the ECG changes seen. And I quote 2020 ESC cardiology guidelines "Patients with acute chest discomfort but no persistent ST-segment elevation [non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE- ACS)] exhibit ECG changes that may include transient ST-segment elevation, persistent or transient ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, flat T waves, or pseudo- normalization of T waves; or the ECG may be normal." | Major erratum | | | | ider | oujamaa | ideroujamaa@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1308 | 489 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Dermatologic microscopic terms | Not needed | Psoriasis and actinic keratosis are the 2 main examples of parakeratosis: PAK a Parachute (Psoriasis, Actinic Keratosis – Parakeratosis) | Mnemonic | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1309 | 489 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Dermatologic microscopic terms | Not needed | Spongiosis is intercellular edema of the epidermis: Sponges hold Fluid (Spongiosis – Edema) | Mnemonic | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1310 | NF 1 Mnemonic | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Neurocutaneous disorders | NA | General Surgeon CLIPS Neurofibromas Gliomas Optic, Sphenoid dysplasia. Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (Pigmented Iris Hamartomas), Intellectual disability, Pheochromocytomas, Seizures (Meningioma) Neurofibromas Cutaneous | Mnemonic | | | | Amit | Bhalla | dramitbhalla@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1311 | 438 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-and-initial-evaluation-of-non-hodgkin-lymphoma | B symptoms are low-grade fever, night sweats, and weight loss - (these constitutional Sx can be difficult to tease apart from things like myalgias and fatigue; I know W has nothing to do with the letter B but I think this mnemonic could be very helpful to a lot of people): B symptoms are the 3 W's - Wet, Warm, Weight loss | Mnemonic | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1312 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525958/ | Mnemonic is ASMR for the two systolic murmurs Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation. Flipping this mnemonic gets you the diastolic murmurs: Aortic regurg and Mitral stenosis. Quick way to remember the regurg/stenosis murmurs | Mnemonic | | | | Farhan | Lakhani | Fantomfarhan@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1313 | 649 | Reproductive | Anatomy | NEW FACT | https://www.continence.org.au/about-continence/continence-health/pelvic-floor | Pelvic floor muscles | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Zakaria | Abualkishik | Zakariaabualkishik@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1314 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | axmidani@gmial.com | Diastolic murmurs = ARMS Aortic Regurgitation Mitral Stenosis | Mnemonic | | | | Alex | Midani | axmidani@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1315 | 516 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Dopaminergic pathways | Not needed | I was trying to understand the text explanation of the pathways as well as the figure explanation with the arrows in the bottom of page 516, attempting to relate them in my head. It makes sense that in the direct pathway, the nigrostriatal pathway would release dopamine onto D1, which activates it, yet it’s inhibitory and releases GABA to start off the direct pathway and eventually lead to movement. In the indirect pathway, there’s a red arrow coming from SNc which makes sense because this represents dopamine coming and inhibiting D2, which is the indirect pathway. There’s a red arrow going from D2 to GPe indicating that it’s inhibitory as well (when activated), leading to no movement. That all makes sense, but in the text towards the top of page explaining the indirect pathway is my confusion. It starts off by saying that SNc input to the striatum via the nigrostriatal pathway, which is dopamine, actually activates this pathway leading to decreased motion. It says that leads to the release of GABA from D2, meaning that D2 was activated. This is where my misunderstanding is. Wouldn’t the SNc input form nigrostriatal pathway (dopamine), effectively inhibit the D2 and therefore the inhibitory pathway, and lead to increased motion. | Clarification to current text | | | | sal | kan | alisaifrkhan@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1316 | 472 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common musculoskeletal conditions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/de-quervain-tendinopathy | De Quervain tenosynovitis involves noninflammatory thickening of the tendons and tendon sheaths, and this is what is says in the text. However, the diagram has a label which says "inflamed tendon sheaths". I checked UpToDate to confirm that the tendon sheaths undergo noninflammatory thickening, so I believe that the label on the diagram may be incorrect. | Major erratum | Duplicate. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1317 | 659 | Reproductive | Physiology | Androgens | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC34445/ | Functions of Testosterone has a bullet point saying "Closing of epiphyseal plates (via estrogen converted from testosterone)". This function is misleading and perhaps misplaced, since testosterone does not close epiphyseal plates. The phrasing can be improved a bit by saying "Aromatized to estrogen (which closes epiphyseal plates)", or frankly this function should be moved to the section on Estrogen (pg. 654) because the closure of epiphyseal plates is indeed a function of estrogen in both men and women, not testosterone. | Minor erratum | | | | Jeffrey | Hanover | jth151@njms.rutgers.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1318 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/ | In anti-platelets section, mechanism of action of Cilostazol, Dipyridamole is given as “””Block phosphodiesterase leading to decrease in cAMP in platelets”. However it is a known fact that inhibition of phosphodiesterase leads to increase in cAMP. Here’s a NCBI reference supporting it attached herewith. | Major erratum | | | | Vidit | Yadav | vidit202yadav@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1319 | 142 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Haemophilus influenzae | CDC (https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/about/causes-transmission.html) | Haemophilus influenzae transmitted through droplets (NOT aerosol) | Major erratum | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1320 | 92 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Lipid transport | First aid 2021 | The diagram is mis-leading, IDL is not covered by Apo-CII sympol, however, in table page 93 Apo-CII is expressed on surface of IDL. | Major erratum | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1321 | 231 | Index | Pharmacology | β-blockers | see text | In the index, COPD is listed to be on page 231; however, page 231 is the first cover page of the "Pharmacology" section | Minor erratum | | | | Emma | Lankey | elankey@mcw.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1322 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544363/ | CILOSTAZOL and DIPYRIMADOLE. Their mechanism of action states that they block phosphodiestrases and thereby result in a “decrease in cAMP” whereas the correct result of inhibiting phosphodiestrases would be an “increase in cAMP”. | Major erratum | | | | Asad Ullah | Jamal | asadullah.jamal95@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1323 | 458 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Anatomy and Physiology | Brachial plexus lesions | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/brachial-plexus-syndromes?search=Branchial%20Neuritis%20(Parsonage%20Turner%20syndrome)%20&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~73&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H13 | Parsonage Turner syndrome (AKA Branchial Neuritis/ Neuralgic amyotrophy) - inflammatory disorder involving the brachial plexus and its branches, causes shoulder pain with motor-sensory paralysis of affected nerves. | High-yield addition to next year | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Noah | Saunders | noahsaunders13@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1324 | 519 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Dural venous sinuses | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29489265/ | The direction of venous drainage in the transverse sinus of schematic image on the bottom of the page is not correct. It should be in the opposite direction. | Major erratum | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1325 | 83 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Catecholamine synthesis/tyrosine catabolism | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/catecholamine-synthesis | In the diagram of Catecholamine synthesis is another important part which should be added. After Norepinephrine and Epinephrine add Mono amino oxidase (MAO). This enzyme make Dihydroxymandelic acid from both Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. In the next step Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) makes Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) from Dihydroxymandelic acid. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1326 | 343 | Endocrine | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26038201/ | Here I have a brilliant method to memorize enzyme deficiencies in this page. step1, Each enzyme has to digits in its name. Left one is related to Blood Pressure and the right one is related to sex hormones. BP is much more important than sex. Step to replace all "1" s with upward arrow and the other digit with downward arrow. For example 17 hydroxylase deficiency mean "1" and "7". 1 means increased BP and 7 means decreased sex hormones. | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1327 | 431 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Plasma cell dyscrasias | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5337823/ | Multiple Myeloma acronym change from CRAB to BACK. BACK = Bone pain, Anemia, hyperCalcemia, Kidney Failure. With the BACK acronym, it tells you where the bone pain will often be. Basically, equvalent but the name is better | Mnemonic | | | | Farhan | Lakhani | fantomfarhan@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1328 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Seizures | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seizures-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print | Auras are actually simple partial (focal aware) seizures and can be experienced as a warning sign before a major seizure. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Munachiso | Ngene | mngene@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1329 | 535 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | Seizures | https://www.medscape.com/answers/811669-54377/how-is-syncope-differentiated-from-seizures | Presence of a post-ictal state can be used to differentiate cardiac syncope from seizures because there is no post-ictal state after a cardiac syncope. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Munachiso | Ngene | mngene@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1330 | 720 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Vitamin B12 | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-vitamin-b12-and-folate-deficiency | Correct: mehtylmalonic acid to methylmalonic acid | Spelling/formatting | | | | Krishna Rajesh | Upadhyaya | apples910@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1331 | 94 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | "https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/126568-overview" "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/familial-hypertriglyceridemia" "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556024/" | Type 4 familail hyper-tri-glyceridemia, usually has levels of TG between 200-500 & almost alawys less than 1000. What is written may falsley be interpretted as levels are usually > 1000 with pancreatitis as a main complication. | Major erratum | | | | Tareq | Ibrahim Al-zoubi | tareqifzoubi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1332 | 69 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin B12 | No source, just formatting! | Subacute Combined Degeneration: degeneration to the Spinocerebellar tracts, lateral Corticospinal tracts, and Dorsal columns (change the previous order of damaged structures and capitalized letters to RED as they are very conveniently the same). | Mnemonic | | | | Henry | Shay | henry.shay@uky.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1333 | 355 | Endocrine | Pathology | Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not needed | In the 1° DEFECT row for the table, you use a hyphen in "β-cell" for Type 2 DM, but not in the same row for type 1. I think most places throughout the book do not have a hyphen so maybe just deleting it in the type 1 column is easiest to keep formatting consistency | Spelling/formatting | | | | Gregory | Lombana | glombana@wakehealth.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1334 | 556 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Age-related macular degeneration | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223154-treatment | Change "prevent progression with multivitamin and antioxidant supplements" to "slow progression with multivitamin and antioxidant supplements". There is nothing that will prevent progression of macular degeneration. | Clarification to current text | | | | Munachiso | Ngene | mngene@sgu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1335 | 811 | Index | Index | NEW FACT | Per page 528 the index is referring to, midbrain lesions are mentioned. | Under "Nystagmus" - I believe "medbrain lesions" should be "midbrain lesions" | Spelling/formatting | | | | Kally | Dey | kally.dey@midwestern.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1336 | 6302020 | Reproductive | Physiology | Estrogen | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-and-pathophysiology-of-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adolescents?search=estrogen%20granulosa%20&source=search_result&selectedTitle=5~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=5 | To remember that the FSH stimulates the production of estrogens on the Granulosa cell: E, F, G (as the alphabet); E strogen production is stimulated by F sh on the G ranulosa cell | Mnemonic | | | | Cesar | Erazo | ierazo@estus.usfq.edu.ec | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1337 | 169 | Microbiology | Virology | NEW FACT | https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetics-of-the-influenza-virus-716/# | Genetic/ Antigenic drift usually leads to epidemics | Minor erratum | | | | Priyanshu | Jain | priyanshukot@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1338 | 374 | Gastrointestinal | Anatomy | Celiac trunk | Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy | The branch points for the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries off of the gastroduodenal arteries are switched. The anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery should occur where the right gastroepiploic artery branches off but in First Aid it is the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal branching off at this point | Major erratum | | | | Talya | Kresch-Jaffe | krescht@post.bgu.ac.il | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1339 | 182 | Microbiology | Systems | TORCH infections | https://www.cdc.gov/cmv/clinical/overview.html | The Maternal aquistion of CMV is by direct contact with infectious body fluids, such as urine, saliva, blood, tears, semen, and breast milk. It's not just sexual contact and organ transplant. | Minor erratum | | | | Mohammad | Murcy | m.murcy@live.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1340 | 159 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hookworm-related-cutaneous-larva-migrans | Cutaneous larva migrans is not caused by Ancylostoma spp, Necator americanus. Ancylostoma spp, Necator americanus are human hookworms. Cutaneous larva migrans are caused by dog or cat hookworms, ie. Ancylostoma braziliense or Ancylostoma caninum. | Major erratum | | | | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1341 | 159 | Microbiology | Parasitology | Nematodes (roundworms) | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hookworm-related-cutaneous-larva-migrans | Cutaneous larva migrans is not caused by Ancylostoma spp, Necator americanus. Ancylostoma spp, Necator americanus are human hookworms. Cutaneous larva migrans are caused by dog or cat hookworms, ie. Ancylostoma braziliense or Ancylostoma caninum. | Major erratum | | | | Zonghao | Pan | 763500885@qq.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1342 | 685 | Respiratory | Pathology | Pancoast tumor | first aid | "SHE HAs pain flipping the tOAST in the Pan" Shoulder Pain Horner Syndrome Edema Hand / Arm muscle atrophy S pain flipping the toast in the pan Pancoast Syndrome | Mnemonic | | | | Ferina | Farahnik | ferina.farahnik@burrell.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1343 | 363 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | Diabetes mellitus therapy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5552828/#:~:text=At%20the%20molecular%20level%2C%20metformin%20inhibits%20the%20mitochondrial%20respiratory%20chain%20in%20the%20liver%2C%20leading%20to%20activation%20of%20AMPK%2C%20enhancing%20insulin%20sensitivity%20(via%20effects%20on%20fat%20metabolism)%20and%20lowering%20cAMP%2C%20thus%20reducing%20the%20expression%20of%20gluconeogenic%20enzymes. | Biguanides, metformin specifically stimulates AMPK in addition to Inhibition of mGPD which ultimately results in decreased hepatic glucose production and increase peripheral glucose uptake "At the molecular level, metformin inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to activation of AMPK, enhancing insulin sensitivity (via effects on fat metabolism) and lowering cAMP, thus reducing the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes." | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1344 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | The fact is already mentioned in pharmacology section but stated wrong here in Hematology section. | Mechanism of action of Cilostazol is to increase the levels of cAMP in platelets. | Major erratum | | | | Fakeha | Masood | alina.mas91@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1345 | 135 | Microbiology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-mrsa-in-adults-treatment-of-skin-and-soft-tissue-infections?search=doxycycline%20mrsa&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Diagram/picture to help remember the antibiotics that have MRSA coverage. | Mnemonic | | | | Anita, Giselle, Virginia | Shrivastava, Irio, Perez-Bastidas | anitashrivastava17@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1346 | 480 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Sjögren syndrome | n/a | to take a s-jöurney, ROw A LArge Boat (to help with the antibodies) | Mnemonic | Reject. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Ashley | Echeta | aecheta@aggienetwork.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1347 | 526 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Visual field defects | No new info provided | To remember which lesion (parietal vs temporal) is associated with a left LOWER quadrantonopia think "my PARENTS (for parietal) were upset when I dropped the pie on the FLOOR (LOWER quadrant)". Parietal pairs with lower and upper pairs with a left temporal lesion. | Mnemonic | | | | Michelle | Galindez | mgalinde@buffalo.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1348 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | I don't have one😢😢 | Hello, there team, i just noticed a small mistake in page 447, antiplatelets, last drugs(cilostazol, dipyridamole), they block phosphodiesterase 3, so they elevate cAMP in platelets not lowering it. | Minor erratum | | | | Mohammed Khaled | Alhinqari | Alhengary.99@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1349 | 489 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Dermatologic microscopic terms | https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)30787-9/fulltext | Acantholysis is the dissolution or lysis of the intercellular bridges that connect squamous epithelial cells. (I pulled this definition from Robbins 9th Ed, see screenshot attached) | Clarification to current text | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Kristin | Drew | kld1990@ufl.edu | ||||||||||||||||
| 1350 | 729 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Hypoparathyroidism | https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Hypoparathyroidism | The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism isn’t (accidental excision during thyroidectomy) by itself. The most common cause include damage to the parathyroid artery supply (inferior thyroid artery) or the gland itself. I’ve attended a thyroidectomy and 2 surgeons confirmed to me they make sure they keep at least one parathyroid gland to avoid hypoparathyroidism. The better answer would be “damage to the parathyroid gland and/or blood supply or accidental removal during thyroidectomy” | Clarification to current text | | | | Basel | Jobeir | Bjobeir@alfaisal.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1351 | 623 | Renal | Pathology | Urinary incontinence | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19542265/ | MS is not exclusively overflow incontinence as the FA makes it appear. MS can begin as urgency incontinence & this fact should be mentioned since it was a former question on a test. | Clarification to current text | | | | Julia | Szinte | julia.szinte@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1352 | 500 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Leflunomide | https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-16551/leflunomide-oral/details/list-sideeffects | Adverse effects: Aplastic anemia due to the bone marrow expression | High-yield addition to next year | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Huda | Aburumman | hudaaburumman1@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1353 | 44 | Biochemistry | Molecular | Splicing of pre-mRNA | This is just a typo for a mnemonic | I believe there is a typo in the mnemonic for the stop codons. Where it says "U Are Away, I believe it should say "U Are Annoying," as that is how I have heard the mnemonic in the past. | Spelling/formatting | | | | R | S | rakefet97@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1354 | 39 | Biochemistry | Molecular | DNA repair | not needed (mnemonic refers to existing information in First Aid 2021) | (N)ucleotide excision repair, (B)ase excision repair, and (M)ismatch repair occur in phase (G)1, (A)ll phases, and phase (S), respectively. The mnemonic is "(N)ormal (B)owel (M)ovements occur with (G)(A)(S)," and should be helpful for recalling which phase of the cell cycle in which each type of DNA repair occurs. The first letter of the first word in the phrase "Normal Bowel Movements" (letter N) corresponds to the first letter in "GAS" (letter G), "B" in "Bowel" corresponds to "A" in "GAS", and so on. | Mnemonic | | | | Meghan | Robbins | mrobbins3@pennstatehealth.psu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1355 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is Wegener's, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is Churg-Strauss syndrome. The textbook declares the opposite. | Minor erratum | | | | Muhammad Besher | Shabouk | mu.besher_shabouk@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1356 | 674 | Reproductive | Pathology | Breast cancer | Dirty medicine | Individual lines Carcinoma for Invasive Lobular Carcinoma histology | Mnemonic | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1357 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Limbic system | n/a | make the 5fs to 6f's, replace "sex" with fornication | Mnemonic | | | | Alissa | Belzie | alissa.belzie@downstate.edu | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1358 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-eosinophilic-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-churg-strauss?search=eosinophilic%20granulomatosis%20with%20polyangiitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | The comment as is written in First Aid under the subheading "rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis" states the following: "granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)". However according to UpToDate it is actually eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (an entirely different pathophysiological process) that is the disease formerly known as Churg-Strauss. | Clarification to current text | | | | Eleanor | Petyak | epetyak@email.sc.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1359 | 301 | Cardiovascular | Anatomy and Physiology | Pacemaker action potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker_current | "If channels responsible for a slow, mixed Na+/K+ inward current". It isn't "channels" if you are referring to ifunny, the correct concept is "current" because the channel is called "HCN". | Minor erratum | | | | Helio Manuel | Grullón Rodríguez | heliomanuel@icloud.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1360 | 541 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | CN III, IV, VI palsies | N/A. | For CN III, IV, VI palsies, use the numbers of 3, 4, and 6 and add arrows to them to tell you where the right eye points when that specific Cranial Nerve is damaged. For example, CN 6, arrow points inward, right eye is adducted (medial). CN 4 arrow point up, right eye is pointed vertically. Lastly, CN 3, arrow points down and away, hence, “Down and Out.” where the right eye is abducted and inferior. The arrows added to the number tells you quickly which cranial nerve is knocked out. Please see attachment for reference. | Mnemonic | | | | Robert | Stawicki | rstawicki@osteo.wvsom.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1361 | 664 | Reproductive | Pathology | Pregnancy complications | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32005192/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32011478/, https://www-uptodate-com.laneproxy.stanford.edu/contents/management-of-the-third-stage-of-labor-prophylactic-drug-therapy-to-minimize-hemorrhage?search=tranexamic%20acid%20postpartum%20hemorrhage§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H2178774103&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H2178774103, (also came up in UWorld question ID 16525) | Consider adding to treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: tranexamic acid (antifibrinolytic). TXA is now standard of care for PPH treatment and has been shown in recent clinical trials to improve maternal morbidity and mortality. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1362 | 644 | Reproductive | Embryology | Aortic arch derivatives | have attached file of amboss | In the Pharyngeal Arch Derivatives table (page644) it would be helpful to clarify that the thyroid cartilage is developing from the 4 and 6th arch instead of just mentioning thyroid in order to avoid confusion. | Clarification to current text | | | | Dr Shreyash | Parajuli | shreyashparajuli@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1363 | 477 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Primary bone tumors | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-staging-and-prognostic-factors-of-the-ewing-sarcoma-family-of-tumors?search=ewing%20sarcoma%20mesenchymal&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1. And Uworld | Ewing Sarcoma is a primitive, undifferentiated tumor that was originally thought to be neuroectodermal in origin but is now believed to arise from a mesenchymal stem cell. | Minor erratum | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohamed Iyead | Mraiyan | mohamedmraiyan@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1364 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | FA2021 | *D*PGN has suben*d*othelial deposition and *P*SGN has sube*p*ithelial deposition | Mnemonic | | | | Talya | Kresch-Jaffe | krescht@post.bgu.ac.il | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1365 | 405 | Gastrointestinal | Pathology | Hemochromatosis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177216-clinical | The most common cardiac involvement of hemochromatosis is dilated cardiomyopathy not restrictive cardiomyopathy | Minor erratum | | | | Muhammad Besher | Shabouk | mu.besher_shabouk@outlook.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1366 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25404930/ | in Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly called Wegener, not Churg-Strauss syndrome). Wegener is PR3-ANCA/ c-ANCA positive, hence it should be edit in the next version of FA. Churg-Strauss syndrome is MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA positive. | Major erratum | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1367 | 297 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and valvular disease | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-workup#showall | [IMPORTNAT] [Diagram error] In the Aortic Regurgitation BP to time interval diagram (the one on the right) - there's loss of dicrotic notch and yet you still drew it in the tracing (just after the closure of the aortic valve) | Minor erratum | | | | Mohammad | Z. Hammouri | mohammad1051@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1368 | 297 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Pressure-volume loops and valvular disease | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-workup#showall | [IMPORTNAT] [Diagram error] In the Aortic Regurgitation BP to time interval diagram (the one on the right) - there's loss of dicrotic notch and yet you still drew it in the tracing (just after the closure of the aortic valve) | Minor erratum | | | | Mohammad | Z. Hammouri | mohammad1051@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1369 | 231 | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Heparin | N/A | While looking for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia in the index, it brings me to page 231. Unfortunately, this the cover page of the Pharmacology unit. This does not bring me to a section on HIT | Minor erratum | | | | Emma | Lankey | emmalankey@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1370 | 85 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Homocystinuria | First Aid 2021 | HOMOCYstinuria could be changed to HOMOCYstINuria to help reinforce the "Down and In" Lens shift referenced by the Ocular Changes in contrast to Marfan | Mnemonic | | | | Daniel | Berger | DANIELBERGER10@GMAIL.COM | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1371 | 134 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Gram-positive cocci antibiotic tests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_Me,_I%27m_a_Doctor_(TV_series) | Instead of OVRPS and B-BRAS as mnemonics, I HIGHLY SUGGEST this one instead. OVRPS and BARPS ("Overpass and Barpass!!"). It is consistent with each other and sounds much much easier to remember. OVRPS=Optochin Viridans Resistant Pneumoniae Sensitive. BARPS=Bacitracin Agalactiae Resistant Pyogenes Sensitive. =) | Mnemonic | | | | Prateek | Bali | dr.pkbali@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1372 | 560 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility | not needed | Easy way to remember Ocular muscles and Cranial Nerve innervations: SupeRIoR MaRIO bROS 64 CN III=SupeRIoR MaRIO (SR, IR, MR, IO) CN VI and IV= bROS 64 (LR (6), SO (4)) | Mnemonic | | | | Yerkhanat | Khuanbai | dr.yerkhanat@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1373 | 566 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pharmacology | Benzodiazepines | I made it up | ChlorDDiazepoxide and DDiazepam for alcohol withdrawl. For ppl who DDrink | Mnemonic | | | | Ameen | Ghanem | Kickinpie@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1374 | 98 | Immunology | Lymphoid Structures | Spleen | FA p98 | "Drink Tea (T) with your PALS" - way to remember that the PeriArteriolar Lymphatic Sheath (PALS) contains T cells | Mnemonic | | | | Bianca | Mulaney | bmulaney@stanford.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1375 | 494 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Dermatology | Autoimmune blistering skin disorders | not needed | i dont know if it will be helpful but always helps me to remember, Bullous pemphigoiD affects a Deeper layer of keratinocytes - autoimmune attack of hemidesmosomes which lay deeper, and pemphigus vulgariS affects a more Superficial layer of keratinocytes, attack on desmosomes which are connecting cells between each other.. | Mnemonic | Not sure if this is a duplicate suggestion? -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Abubakar | Gapizov | gapizov@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1376 | 313 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Evolution of myocardial infarction | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pericardial-complications-of-myocardial-infarction#:~:text=Many%20complications%20are%20mechanical%20(eg,immunologic%2C%20inflammatory%2C%20or%20iatrogenic. | In 1-3 days MI evolution, a complication of it is fibrinous pericarditis, named by you, **POSTinfarction** pericarditis. In UpToDate and UWorld it's mentioned that it is called PERI-infarction pericarditis | Major erratum | | | | Mohammad | Z. Hammouri | mohammad1051@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1377 | 447 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | Antiplatelets | https://online.lexi.com/lco/action/doc/retrieve/docid/patch_f/6616?cesid=5nn3k0ulILB&searchUrl=%2Flco%2Faction%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcilostazol%26t%3Dname%26va%3Dcilostazol# | Cilostazol is listed to decrease cAMP in platelets. Every other resource says cAMP is increased. See below for Lexicomp link, as well as screen shot from sketchy pharm. | Clarification to current text | | | | Emma | Lankey | emmalankey@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1378 | 80 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Disorders of fructose metabolism | https://www.labce.com/spg536365_copper_reduction_reaction.aspx | Hereditary fructose intolerance; Reducing sugar can be detected in the urine by 'Copper Reduction Test', reducing sugars like fructose, glucose and galactose. | Clarification to current text | | | | Aftab | Ahmed | aftabsundrani47@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1379 | 246 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | NEW FACT | Clonidine and other alpha 2 agonists are sympathomimetic not Sympatholytics. Just like norepinephrine or epinephrine they activate alpha 2 receptors. Please make the correction or at least mention that activation of alpha2 adrenergic receptor decreases release of norepinephrine which is responsible for its therapeutic response not the receptor blockade or antagonism. | Clonidine and other alpha 2 agonists are sympathomimetic not Sympatholytics. Just like norepinephrine or epinephrine they activate alpha 2 receptors. Please make the correction or at least mention that activation of alpha2 adrenergic receptor decreases release of norepinephrine which is responsible for its therapeutic response not the receptor blockade or antagonism. | Clarification to current text | | | | Rakesh | Singh | rsingh29@touro.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1380 | 581 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Delirium | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delirium-and-acute-confusional-states-prevention-treatment-and-prognosis#H104295711 | Avoid BAD choices. (Meaning... *Benzodiazepines *Anticholinergics opioiD*) | Mnemonic | | | | Noemí | Acevedo Rodríguez | noemi_acevedo.r@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1381 | 521 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Vagal nuclei | no need | Highlight in red the "A" in Dorsal, and "A" in Autonomic. | Mnemonic | | | | Christin | Berjaoui | christin.ber.7@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1382 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/agammaglobulinemia?search=bruton%20agammaglobulinemia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~44&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Defect Section: deficient or absence of B-cell maturation. | Clarification to current text | | | | Christin | Berjaoui | christin.ber.7@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1383 | 116 | Immunology | Immune Responses | Immunodeficiencies | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/agammaglobulinemia?search=bruton%20agammaglobulinemia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~44&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | presentation section: with atypical XLA, patients may present with symptoms at a later stage in life and hence delay the diagnosis till adulthood, even past 51 years of age | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Christin | Berjaoui | christin.ber.7@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1384 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Granulomatous inflammation | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146811-overview | Under Rapidly Progressive (crescentic) GN row, the following text is written : "granulamtosis with polyangiitis (formerly Chrug-Strauss Syndrome)" this is incorrect as Granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly named Wegener's Granulomatosis. Churg Strauss is the former name of the current EOSINOPHILIC Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis | Minor erratum | | | | Sameera N. | Shuaibi | samshuaibi18@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1385 | 542 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/covid-19-neurologic-complications-and-management-of-neurologic-conditions/print?sectionName=Guillain-Barr%C3%A9%20syndrome&search=ORAPRED&topicRef=128323&anchor=H740526394&source=see_link | Despite association with infections (eg, Campylobacter jejuni, viruses[eg, Zika and coronavirus strains]), | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Noemí | Acevedo Rodríguez | noemi_acevedo.r@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1386 | 555 | Neurology and Special Senses | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-systemic-glucocorticoids#H8 | Open angle glaucoma (Addition) - Secondary to drugs (eg. glucocorticoids) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Noemí | Acevedo Rodríguez | noemi_acevedo.r@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1387 | 646 | Reproductive | Embryology | Sexual differentiation | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25905232/ | "Mr. Wolf married to Mrs. Müller because both of them are introvert." Mesonephric (Wolfan) duct and Paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct make Internal male and female genitalia respectively. | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1388 | 671 | Reproductive | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17945423/ | Here I have a great nmonic for Granulosa cell tumors. “Women with lots of estrogen and/or progesterone call their buddies and talk about their exes in their 50s and before they become grandmother(gran). It will inhibit all pains in her breasts” | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1389 | 452 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5656728/#:~:text=Rituximab%20is%20a%20human%2Fmurine%2C%20chimeric%20anti-CD20%20monoclonal%20antibody,indolent%20and%20aggressive%20forms%20of%20B-cell%20non-Hodgkin%20lymphoma. | In Anticancer monoclonal antibodies for "Rituximab", Say Ri20ximab or RiTWENTYximab, which indicates that it targets CD20. | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1390 | 450 | Hematology and Oncology | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21599603/ | in "Antimetabolites" part for "Cladribine, pentostatin" say "Clad your hair and put on beautiful panties and go to the ADADNA. Not being poor without meal. Clad: Cladribine for hairy cell leukemia , Panties: Pentostatin, ADADNA(name of a city in Turkey): ADA and DNA, Poor: Purine analogs, Meal: Myelosuppression. | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1391 | 65 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Essential fatty acids | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350958/ | It may be a good idea to include the "alpha" prefix with "linolenic acid" to avoid any confusion with linoleic acid. | Clarification to current text | | | | LoJ'ai | Marks | LoAntoinette3@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1392 | 147 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | NEW FACT | N/A | SYPHILIS is PAIN-LIS (painless) | Mnemonic | | | | Aqsa | Kibria | aqsa_kibria@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1393 | 643 | Reproductive | Embryology | Pharyngeal cleft derivatives | https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=UTjvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA365&lpg=PA365&dq=external+auditory+meatus+develops+from+langman&source=bl&ots=y74OpIP2pO&sig=ACfU3U3abgQFz-mXi1BsxMVDz9wM4zUOxw&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj23rmF__b0AhVPSvEDHZn6A4wQ6AF6BAgvEAM#v=onepage&q=external%20auditory%20meatus%20develops%20from%20langman&f=false | 2016 moore says what you wrote.1st cleft develops into external auditory meatus. BUT: Langman 2019 Embryology : External Audatary meatus deveops as an invagination of first arch tissue and not from first pharyngeal cleft as previously believed. | Major erratum | | | | Ismail Faruk | Durmus | ismailfarukdurmus@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1394 | 147 | Microbiology | Clinical Bacteriology | Syphilis | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229461-treatment#d7 | treatment of syphilis in case of penicillin allergy | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Prem | Chaurasiya | chaurasiyaman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1395 | 66 | Biochemistry | Nutrition | Vitamin A | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?topicKey=5883&imageKey=PEDS%2F72148&source=outline_link&search=marasmus | In the section explaining Vitamin A it says "corneal squamous metaplasia lead to Bitot spots" it should be "conjunctival" squamous metaplasia ....instead of "corneal" squamous metaplasia which lead to Bitot spots. | Major erratum | | | | Mohamed Fouad | Abdrabo | mohamedfouadabdrabo@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1396 | 348 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism vs hyperthyroidism | https://cnx.org/contents/SCJeD6JM@3/Images-of-Memorable-Cases-Case-144 | Image A is misplaced and it should be under the section of hyperthyroidism not hypothyroidism as the image shows a pretibial myxedema taken from a case of hyperthyroidism . The link of the source of this image will be listed below to confirm that. | Minor erratum | | | | Mohamed Fouad | Abdrabo | mohamedfouadabdrabo@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1397 | 501 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pharmacology | Teriparatide | https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jbmr.4188 | In the section of Teriparatide adverse effects it says "Teriparatide increases risk of osteosarcoma". Actually many recent studies have proved that the risk of osteosracoma is only increased in rats with not humans. | Clarification to current text | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Mohamed Fouad | Abdrabo | mohamedfouadabdrabo@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1398 | 712 | Respiratory | Pharmacology | Asthma drugs | Not needed | There is a typo in the image presents in this page It should "budesonide" instead of "budenoside" | Spelling/formatting | | | | Mohamed Fouad | Abdrabo | mohamedfouadabdrabo@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1399 | 434 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Heme synthesis, porphyrias, and lead poisoning | Not needed | I have been emailing you for over 1.5 months on this email firstaidteam@scholarrx.com , but haven't recieved any reply so please check your email, and i will post it here On the image it Should be "ALA Dehydratase" instead of "ALA dehydrogenase" | Major erratum | | | | Mohamed Fouad | Abdrabo | mohamedfouadabdrabo@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1400 | 684 | Respiratory | Embryology | Lung development | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535376/ | Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) occurs in the "Embryonic stage". TEEEEEF occurs in EEEEEmbryonic stage. T in TEF, RememberTetra which means four. Emberyonic stage starts at week four. | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1401 | 686 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556044/#:~:text=The%20tracheobronchial%20tree%20is%20composed%20of%20the%20trachea%2C,connects%20to%20the%20left%20and%20main%20stem%20bronchus. | In bronchial club we only see club cells in Bronchioles, Terminal bronchioles, Respiratory bronchioles. Mnomic: Say "Bronchioles club", Which means we only have club cells wherever we have bronchioles. | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1402 | 687 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Diaphragm structures | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20955877/ | Frank (phrenic) is IV abuser (IVC) for 8 years (At T8), He had vague (vagus) esophageal (esophagus)pain for 10 months (At T10), His aorta beats 12 times (At T12) faster as (azygos vein ) He is close to die (diaphragm). | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1403 | 320 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | Cardiac tamponade | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152083-clinical | Beck triad (DDD): Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins, decreased blood pressure | Mnemonic | | | | Ahmad | Khebbaiz | ahmad.khebbaiz@stud.umfcd.ro | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1404 | 229 | Pathology | Neoplasia | Paraneoplastic syndromes | No reference | The antibodies in Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with Small cell lung cancer are (anti-Hu). Mnemonic: (Anti- HUge) for small cell | Mnemonic | | | | Hend | Alhusami | hend.hu22@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1405 | 689 | Respiratory | Physiology | Lung and chest wall | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29763183/ | In the uppermost part of the first image in the Y axis, "lung volume" should replace by " lung volume change" because in FRC lung volume would be equal to 2.2L , not zero. Hence in this graph we are talking about lung volume change during inspiration and expiration. | Major erratum | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1406 | 462 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Systems | Lower extremity nerves | https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/femoral-triangle | In the table for Lower extremity nerves, under the presentation/comments section for the genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2) the paragraph states the following: upper medial thigh and anterior thigh sensation beneath the inguinal ligament (lateral part of the femoral triangle). The sentence between the parentheses is false since the inguinal ligament is considered the base or superior border of the femoral triangle not the lateral border and the real lateral border is the sartorius muscle. so i think the sentence should be changed to : (superior part of the femoral triangle) | Major erratum | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Qusai | Asad | qusaiasad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1407 | 125 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Intracellular bacteria | myself | Intracellular bacteria mnemonic: Learn to Read English ABCs (Legionella, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella, Chlamydia) | Mnemonic | | | | Shahad | Alchalabi | shahad.chalabi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1408 | 654 | Reproductive | Physiology | Estrogen | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8804562/#:~:text=There%20are%20changes%20in%20potency%20of%20different%20estrogens,that%20produced%20equal%20numbers%20of%20males%20and%20females%29. | Ovary (17β-estradiol), placenta (estriol), adipose tissue (estrone via aromatization).Potency: estradiol > estrone > estriol . Mnemonic: estraDiol (Di:2), estrOne (esterONE:1), esTriole (Tri:3). 2 people decide to make 1chubby baby to become 3. (2:estrodiol, 2 ovaries), (1:estrone, chubby: Adipose or say A is the 1st letter and bold it in Adipose), (3: etriole, 3: C is the third letter and bold it in plaCenta) | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1409 | 656 | Reproductive | Physiology | Menstrual cycle | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913133/ | Proliferative endometrium in follicular phase demonstrates extension of spiral arteries, straight uterine glands, abundant stromal cells. | Clarification to current text | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1410 | 470 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Common musculoskeletal conditions | No reference | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : ⊕ Tinel sign (percussion (TAPPING, SO T in Tinel for Tapping) of wrist causes tingling) and Phalen maneuver (90° flexion(PLexion, so Ph in Phalen for Phlexion) of wrist causes tingling) | Mnemonic | Not in favor. -AC | Reject by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hend | Alhusami | hend.hu22@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1411 | 689 | Respiratory | Physiology | NEW FACT | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538324/ | Very important from NBME: Compliance = Tidal Volume / (End inspiratory pressure - end expiratory pressure) | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Mohamed | Alwadai | kudoshinichiuk@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1412 | 507 | Neurology and Special Senses | Anatomy and Physiology | Microglia | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526747/ | Microglia are derived from the embryonic yolk sac. Currently, the book states the microglia are derived from mesoderm, however, recent studies have found that microglia are actually derived from the yolk sac. | Minor erratum | | | | Thomas D. | Meram | tmeram@oakland.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1413 | 61 | Biochemistry | Genetics | X-linked recessive disorders | modified a previous FA mnemonic | XR disorders can be remembered with "Oblivious Female Will Give Her Boys Her x-Linked Bad Disorders" OTC-Fabry-Wiskot-G6PD-Hemophilias-Hunter-Lesch Nyhan-Becker-Duchenne | Mnemonic | | | | Hamzeh Feras | Alshahwan | alshahwanhamzeh@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1414 | 520 | Neurology and Special Senses | Pathology | NEW FACT | N/A | Huntington Disease: CAG = Caudate Atrophy of GABAergic neurons | Mnemonic | | | | Ofek | Belkin | ofek.belkin@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1415 | 733 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | not needed | add attributable risk percentage= RR − 1/RR × 100% | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1416 | 343 | Endocrine | Physiology | Adrenal steroids and congenital adrenal hyperplasias | Our creative minds. | If deficient enzyme ends with 1, it will also have increased androgens (both females and males). | Mnemonic | | | | Orlando | Rodriguez Brother's. | orlandorodriguez809@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1417 | 734-735 | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | Rapid Review | not needed | in easily confused medications, add pentazocine vs prazosin | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1418 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | not needed | attributable risk also called absolute risk increase | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1419 | 482 | Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue | Pathology | Systemic lupus erythematosus | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-management-and-prognosis-of-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-in-adults?search=sle&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H86085872 | for monitoring disease activity in patients with sle check complement and anti ds dna levels | High-yield addition to next year | Migrate. -AC | Prelim accept by 2 authors + 1 editor | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||
| 1420 | 584 | Psychiatry | Pathology | Major depressive disorder | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/unipolar-major-depression-in-adults-choosing-initial-treatment?search=depression%20treatment&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H21696462 | t the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (eg, cognitive-behavioral therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy) is more efficacious than either pharmacotherapy alone or psychotherapy alone [12,13]. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1421 | 176 | Microbiology | Virology | HIV | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-and-early-hiv-infection-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=acute%20hiv&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H956440 | Painful mucocutaneous ulceration is one of the most distinctive manifestations of acute HIV infection | Clarification to current text | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1422 | 363 | Endocrine | Pharmacology | NEW FACT | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/secondary-pharmacologic-therapy-in-heart-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction-hfref-in-adults?search=heart%20failure&topicRef=121085&source=see_link#H2510473210 | SGLT2 inhibitors improves outcomes in heart failure | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1423 | 264 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | not needed | in calculating positive predictive value the concept is when test comes positive the possibility of having disease will be PPV and when test comes positive the probability of not having disease will be 1-PPV | Clarification to current text | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1424 | 264 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | not needed | in calculating negative predictive value the concept is when test come negative the probability of not having disease will be NPV and when test comes negative the probability of having disease will be 1-NPV | Clarification to current text | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1425 | 262 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Quantifying risk | not needed | relative risk is also called risk ratio and attributable risk is also called risk difference/absolute risk increase | Clarification to current text | | | | Hassan Ali | Raza | hassankemu228@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1426 | 345 | Public Health Sciences | Epidemiology & Biostatistics | NEW FACT | Not needed | Please include population pyramids as they are being tested quite a lot. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Annam | Zahid | annam7451@zu.edu.pk | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1427 | P785 | Index | Index | NEW FACT | - | Cauda equina syndrome is not on the page 546. It's on 548 | Minor erratum | | | | Kasama | Manothummetha | Kasama.mth@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1428 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www-uptodate-com.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/contents/granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis-and-microscopic-polyangiitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=wegener%20granulomatosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Under Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis it is state that granulomatosis with polyangiitis was formerly known as Churg-strauss syndrome however I believe only Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is known as Churg-strauss and what should be in the text is formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis | Minor erratum | | | | Ronald | Vertsman | ron.vertsman@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1429 | 815 | Index | Index | NEW FACT | https://firstaidteam.com/updates-and-corrections/ | The page number listed in the index for polyarteritis nodosa is 174. The page number for this disease should read 484. Thank you. | Spelling/formatting | | | | Jenna | Jones | jonesjek@iu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1430 | 102 | Immunology | Lymphocytes | Differentiation of T cells | First Aid 2021 | 1st Positive selection (Upper=Cortex) and 2nd Negative selection (Lower=Medulla). Mnemonic: Always first the positive news and at the end the negative news | Mnemonic | | | | Cesar | Erazo | ierazo@estud.usfq.edu.ec | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1431 | 312 | Cardiovascular | Pathology | NEW FACT | https://www.aafp.org/afp/2021/0700/p73.html | Sharp, localized, persistent and/or prolonged chest pain that occurs after repetitive activity (e.g. moving furniture, exercising, chest wall trauma). Involves the upper costal cartilage at the costochondral or costosternal junctions. Pain is reproducible with palpation and worsened with movement or changes in position. Cardiovascular and pulmonary exams and CXR are normal. Treat with pain management (e.g. NSAIDs, acetaminophen) and reduction of activities that trigger symptoms. Differential diagnoses include CAD, pericarditis, PE, PTX, GERD. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Neha and Sahana | Singh and Nazeer | sahana@vt.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1432 | 578 | Psychiatry | Psychology | Normal infant and child development | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556096/ | Erikson’s Stages of Development - Proposed predetermined order for psychosocial growth. There is a conflict in each age range that serves to develop a psychological quality. If there is successful resolution of the conflict, then there is a gain of psychological strength. If there is not, then the person will not achieve competency in an area of life. Trust v. Mistrust: Gain hope or develop mistrust of the world in general. Infancy: Birth - 18 Months Autonomy v. Shame: Establish independence or struggle with self-esteem. Early Childhood: 18 Month - 3 Years Initiative v. Guilt: Develop purpose and self-confidence or doubt capability. Play Age: 3 - 5 Years Industry v. Inferiority: Believe in own competence or experience feelings of inadequacy. School Age: 6 - 12 Years Identity v. Role Confusion: Develop a strong sense of identity or feel lost. Adolescence: 12 - 18 Years Intimacy v. Isolation: Maintain successful relationships or experience emotional isolation. Young Adulthood: 18 - 35 Years Generativity v. Stagnation: Feel engaged in meaningful work that helps others (i.e. next generation in family, society). Middle Adulthood: 35 - 65 Years Integrity v. Despair: Feel a sense of satisfaction or failure when reflecting on life. Late Adulthood: 65 Years - Death | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Sahana | Nazeer | sahana@vt.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1433 | 649 | Reproductive | Anatomy | Female reproductive anatomy | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/surgical-female-pelvic-anatomy-uterus-and-related-structures | Within the round ligament, there is the artery of Sampson, an anastomosis of uterine and ovarian arteries, that branches from the inferior epigastric artery. | Clarification to current text | | | | Sahana | Nazeer | sahana@vt.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1434 | 823 | Index | Index | NEW FACT | Simple spelling error | Under "Syncope" should be "atrial tumors, 324" - currently reads "atiral tumors, 324" | Spelling/formatting | | | | Kally | Dey | kally.dey@midwestern.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1435 | 801 | Index | Index | NEW FACT | N/A just spelling | Under "Hypetriglyceridemia" should be "Hypertriglyceridemia" | Spelling/formatting | | | | Kally | Dey | kally.dey@midwestern.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1436 | 300 | Cardiovascular | Physiology | Heart murmurs | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-clinical-features-and-evaluation-of-tricuspid-regurgitation | Pacemaker placement can cause tricuspid regurgitation as the right ventricle lead passes through the tricuspid valve | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Elizabeth | Bozner | embozner@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1437 | 241 | Pharmacology | Autonomic Drugs | G-protein–linked second messengers | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20851648/ | in histamine functions: it mediates sleep-wake cycles | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Mustafa | Subhi | mustafa.alani2012@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1438 | 127 | Microbiology | Basic Bacteriology | Encapsulated bacteria | First aid 2021 | The book mentions that group A strep (strep pyogenes) has a HA capsule which protects it from phagocytosis, but on page 127, it is not listed in the "encapsulated bacteria" list. I believe that it should be. | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Shahad | Alchalabi | shahad.chalabi@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1439 | 806 | Index | Index | Lysosomal storage diseases | N/A | index states pg. 87 but should be pg. 88. | Spelling/formatting | | | | Stella | Protopapas | sprotopa@iu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1440 | 94 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | Familial dyslipidemias | thisis a mnemonic for hyperlipidemias i made up | Type 1-ChylomocrONE Type 2- 2L'S in LdL Type3- thrEEE Type 4= roman numeral !V | Mnemonic | | | | Anandjeet | Chandpuri | imptogf@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1441 | 429 | Hematology and Oncology | Pathology | Microcytic, hypochromic anemias | page 429 | In the book it says lead poisoning increase protoporphyrin. however lead inhibit ALA dehydrates, which decrease it. In the sideroblastic anemia section it says lead decrease protoporphyrin, which make sense. | Minor erratum | | | | aneesha | jose | ashajosenadukudy@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1442 | 689 | Respiratory | Physiology | Lung and chest wall | https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/due_1 : | "Lung inflation follows a different pressure volume curve than lung deflation due to need to overcome surface tension forces in inflation." , it should be typed as " Lung inflation follows a different pressure volume curve than lung deflation due to the need to overcome surface tension forces in inflation." | Spelling/formatting | | | | Yahya | Oqdeh | iyahyafiras@yahoo.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1443 | 701 | Respiratory | Pathology | Pneumoconioses | https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/learning/b-reader/pathology/silicosis/1.html | Silicosis shows birefringent particles on polarized microscopy | High-yield addition to next year | | | | Elizabeth | Bozner | embozner@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1444 | 686 | Respiratory | Anatomy | Respiratory tree | first aid for the USMLE step 1page 686 | the image of the respiratory tree shows that ciliated epithelium terminate in the terminal bronchioles while it should terminate in the reparatory bronchioles as mentioned in the text page 686 | Minor erratum | | | | Mohammad H. Almomani | Almomani | mhmomani95@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1445 | 77 | Biochemistry | Metabolism | TCA cycle | UWorld | To remember that Succinate dehydrogenase is the only one that use FAD (vitamin B2) in TCA. Sucks (Succinate) to (2) be (B) alone | Mnemonic | | | | Cesar | Erazo | ierazo@estud.usfq.edu.ec | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1446 | 620 | Renal | Pathology | Nephritic syndrome | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-and-approach-to-the-vasculitides-in-adults | The text says "Negative IF/Pauci-immune (no Ig/C3 deposition): granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome)—PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Microscopic polyangiitis—MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA". The correction is that eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is former Churgg-Strauss, which corresponds with p-ANCA while granulomatosis with polyangiitis is former Wegener, which has c-ANCA | Major erratum | | | | Karli | Chaplin | kchap020@med.fiu.edu | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1447 | 622 | Renal | Pathology | Kidney stones | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=NEPH%2F73642 | (U)ric acid crystals: radiol(U)cent, rhomb(U)s & colorf(U)l under polarization, go(U)t, le(U)kemia, Tx: allop(U)rinol | Mnemonic | | | | Elizabeth | Bozner | embozner@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1448 | 349 | Endocrine | Pathology | Hypothyroidism | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30252322/ | Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is painful and also called de Quervain thyroiditis. Mnemonic : Say " de Cryveein " instead of "de Quervain ". You cry when you have painful thyroiditis. | Mnemonic | | | | SIROUS | SEIFIRAD | Sirous.seifi.rad@gmail.com | ||||||||||||||||||