DC Civil Rights Sites (draft) - Public

	Site Name	Photo	Address	Ward	Significance	African American Civil Rights Tour	African American Heritage Trail (w/ plaque)	DC Inventory	Historic District (contributing)	Historic District Name	National Register	National Historic Landmark	Historic American Bldgs Survey
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1	To AACRS
2
3	STRATEGY CENTERS
4	Afro-American Institute for Historic Preservation and Community Development		1236 Euclid Street NW	1	Led the way in landmarking black historic sites. Founders Robert and Vincent DeForrest framed this as an assertion of black citizenship via recognizing the centrality of black history to U.S. and D.C. history.
5	All Souls Church, Unitarian		1500 Harvard Street NW	1	Site of civil rights organizing. Associated w/ Rev. A. Powell Davies, Rev. David Eaton, Rev. James Reeb.					Meridian Hill
6	Anthony Bowen YMCA (Thurgood Marshall Center for Service and Heritage)		1816 12th Street NW	1	NNC held protest meeting here attended by several hundred people after police shot CCC worker in Aug 1936. Associated with activism of educator Edwin B. Henderson.					U Street
7	Asbury United Methodist Church		926 Eleventh Street NW; 1100 K Street NW; 11th and K streets NW	2	"The church is well known for its community activism, participation in national civil rights protests....Members and attendees include educator-activists Mary McLeod Bethune and Mary Church Terrell." (AAHT) NACW hosted lecture here by anti-lynching journalist Ida B. Wells, Oct. 1917. Congregation dates to 1836.
8	Bethune, Mary McLeod Council House (National Council of Negro Women; Dorothy Height)		1318 Vermont Avenue NW	2	Home and office of Mary McLeod Bethune and NCNW, est. 1935 and located here 1943-66. Led by Bethune until 1955 and by Dorothy Height in 1957-97.					Logan Circle
9	Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ World Wide (Bishop Smallwood E. Williams)		1100 New Jersey Avenue NW	6	Site of organizing. Led by Bishop Smallwood Williams, a civil rights actvist. In 1963 Rev. Williams saved the church from demolition for the scheduled construction of Interstate 395. The highway now bends around the site. Orig. est. 1927.
10	Billy Simpson's House of Seafood and Steaks		3815 Georgia Avenue NW	4	Gathering site for black political elites and civil rights organizers, est. 1956.
11	Campbell AME Church		2562 Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue SE	8	Organizing site for school desegregation cases. Led by Rev. Samuel Guiles; designed by African American architect Albert Cassell (built 1924).
12	District Building (John A. Wilson Building)		1350 Pennsylavania Ave NW	2	Offices of DC City Council per establishment of home rule in 1974; site of 1960s civil rights protests.
13	Equitable Realty Co./Geneva K. Valentine		715 Florida Avenue NW (1930s)	1	Real estate broker that opened formerly white neighborhoods to African Americans.
14	Equitable Realty Co./Geneva K. Valentine; NAACP, D.C. Branch (1941)		1011 U Street NW (1930s)	1	Real estate broker that opened formerly white neighborhoods to African Americans. Operated all-black Western Union office on first floor of building.					U Street
15	Franklin P. Nash United Methodist Church		2001 Lincoln Road NE	5	Headquarters for one-day bus boycott organized by Emergency Committee on the Transportation Crisis, Dec. 2, 1968.
16	Howard University		Howard University main campus (see NHL nomination; lists Rankin Chapel, Douglass Hall, Founders Library)	1	Howard U. and its law school, which moved to the main campus in 1936, were training grounds for civil rights activists and attorneys. Students engaged in picketing of segregated restaurants, etc. 1930s-60s.
17	Howard University, Sojourner Truth Hall		Harriet Tubman Quadrangle, 2455 Fourth Street NW	1	Site of organizing out of Pauli Murray's dorm in 1941-44, resulting in sit-ins & pickets at restaurants and lunch counters and protest of segregated bus seating in Fairfax VA (May 1944).
18	Industrial Bank of Washington		2000 Eleventh Street NW	1	Black-owned bank est. 1913 to serve African Americans. Offered financing and employment to black Washingtonians. Designed by African American architect Isaah T Hatton. Also a meeting site for civil rights organizers.					U Street
19	Institute for Policy Studies		1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW	2	Employed and provided institutional base for SNCC organizing, e.g. Bob Moses/Freedom Summer and SNCC veterans, e.g. Frank Smith.					Dupont Circle
20	Integrated co-operative housing (Geneva K. Valentine)		2008 Sixteenth Street NW	1	White-occupied apartment building purchased by Valentine in 1949 to open the building to black residents.					Sixteenth Street
21	International Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters		817 Q Street NW	2	DC site most associated w. labor and civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph.					Shaw
22	John Wesley AME Zion Church		1615 Fourteenth Street NW	2	Site of organizing against lynching and police brutality in 1930s-40s. Site of New Negro Alliance Day to support lawsuit against Sanitary Grocery, Dec. 17, 1937. In 1963, 25k attended a wake for Medgar Evers here, prior to his burial at Arlington Cemetery. Congregation dates to 1847.					Fourteenth Street
23	Jones Memorial Methodist Church		4625 G Street SE	7	Browne JHS parent strike organized here in 1947-48, in conjunction with Carr v. Corning and Portal et al. v. Board of Education lawsuits brought on behalf of African American students forced to attend inadequate schools. Jones Memorial's Rev. Barnes was a Browne parent and co-led the Citizens Emergency School Committee with Gardner Bishop, Benneker PTA president Joy P. Davis, & Nellie V. Greene. Charles Houston & Rep. Adam Clayton Powell (D-NY) were speakers at a mass meeting here on Feb. 4, 1948, where parents cont'd organizing in the wake of the Browne JHS strike. Current building dates to 1968.
24	Lincoln Memorial		National Mall	2	Marion Anderson (1939); A. Philip Randolph's "prayer pilgrimage" (1943); NAACP rally, w. Pres. Truman as a speaker (Jun 29, 1947); Paul Robeson and NAACP anti-lynching rallies (Sep 1946); Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom (1957); Interracial Youth March for Integrated Schools (1958-59); March on Washington (1963), Poor People's Campaign/Resurrection City (1968)					National Mall
25	Lincoln Temple Congregational Church		1701 Eleventh Street NW	2	Site of mass meetings hosted by National Negro Congress re police violence (1930s), racial violence in the South; later led by Rev. Channing Phillips. Congregation dates to 1901.					U Street
26	Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library		901 G Street NW	6	Represents successful grassroots advocacy to memorialize King. After opening Aug. 1972, became a site of community organizing and social justice events.
27	Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church		1518 M Street NW	2	Site of organizing. Speakers here included the Rev. Dr. King, Jesse Jackson. The leading church of DC's black elite in the early 20th century, the D.C. NAACP frequently hosted mass meetings here, e.g. to address the segregation of the federal government in Oct. 1913. Congregation dates to 1870.
28	Metropolitan Baptist Church (Monument Hall)		1225 R Street NW	2	Organizing site. In July 1917, 5,000 women gathered here to pray for the passage of an anti-lynching bill in the wake of a E. St. Louis race riot. Site of mock trial and NNC-led anti-police brutality meetings in 1936-1941 (see comment for details). Thousands attended NNA's 1st anniversary celebration here in Oct. 1934. Congregation dates to 1864.
29	Meyer School		11th and Clifton streets NW; 2501 11th St NW, Washington, DC 20001	1	In 1968-71, partnered with Bethesda's Bannockburn ES to bus African American students there.
30	NAACP, D.C. Branch		1019 U Street NW (1920s)	1	Est. 1912; led by Archibald Grimke 1914-1925. Director Jennie Richardson McGuire's organized Rope Protest against lynching outside Natl Crime Conference in Dec. 1934. Led by Emma Merritt prior to her death in 1934. Nannie H. Burroughs & YWCA Sec. Martha A. McAdoo were active leaders in the 1930s.					U Street
31	National Association of Colored Women's Clubs		1601 R Street NW	2	Est. 1896; fought for voting rights and desegregation of schools, among other issues. Nannie H. Burrough's led NACW's Dept. for the Suppression of Lynching and Mob Violence in 1917-1920s.					Sixteenth Street
32	National Association of Wage Earners Headquarters		1116 Rhode Island Avenue NW	6	Founded & led by Nannie Helen Burroughs, ca. 1920-1930. Advocated for fair wages on behalf of nonprofessional black women service workers and against a planned KKK march in DC in 1924.
33	National Negro Congress		717 Florida Avenue NW (1936-1943)	1	Campaigned against police brutality, for fair employment, and for open access to recreation sites. NNC office also housed an employment bureau. Leaders included Thelma Dale.
34	Neighbors, Inc.		5508 Illinois Avenue NW	4	Worked for fair and open housing, est. 1958. Led by Marvin Caplan, Marjorie Ware.
35	Phyllis Wheatley YWCA		901 Rhode Island Avenue NW	6	Site of women's organizing to protest lynching and police brutality and to promote civil rights writ large. Led by Julia West Hamilton, 1930s, and by Dorothy Height in 1939-44. Site of advocacy for fair employment.
36	Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), D.C. branch (1965)		107 Rhode Island Avenue NW	5	SNCC DC branch located here in mid-1960s, when led by Marion Barry. Barry also lived here.					Bloomingdale
37	Urciolo, Joseph Residence		1624 Underwood Street NW	4	Real estate brokers Ralph & Joseph Urciolo met here with civil rights attorney Charles Houston and others involved in the legal battle against racial covenants.
38	Vermont Avenue Baptist Church		1630 Vermont Avenue NW	2	Speakers there included N.H. Burroughs, C.H. Houston, MLK. On Aug 1, 1938, 1,200 rallied here to demand action against police violence in the wake of the shooting of WWI vet Leroy Keys. Congregation dates to 1866.					Fourteenth Street
39	Washington Afro-American Newspaper		1800 Eleventh Street NW	2	Pro-civil rights newspaper est. 1932 with the motto "A Champion of Civic Welfare and the Square Deal." Promoted civil rights via its journalism and as a organizing venue. Located here from 1937 until the late 1970s. African American architect Albert Cassell designed the conversion of this residential building into offices.					U Street
40	Washington Tribune		918-922 U Street NW	1	Leading black newspaper following closure of Washington Bee in 1922; purchased by Afro-American in 1946. Investigated, reported on, and published letters/editorials on white supremacy and black political organizing, etc. Building designed by black architect Isaiah T. Hatton; housed Murray Bros. Printing Co. and Murray's Palace Casino.					U Street
41	Woodson, Carter G. House		1538 Ninth Street NW	2	Woodson's home and headquarters of the National Association of Negro History, est. 1915. Provided intellectual & historical foundation for modern Civil Rights Movement.					Dupont Circle
42	WOOK-TV Building (WOOK-Radio)		5321 First Place NE	5	Headquarters of WOOK-Radio, est. by Richard Eaton in 1947 and briefly located at 2400 16th St NW before moving to this location. Hosted weekly broadcast of "Americans All" by Bishop Smallwood Williams from 1947-1960s. Topics included segregated schools, anti-freeway activism, etc. Other radio guests included represenatives of NAACP & Urban League. In 1950, Mary Church Terrell spoke on WOOK about the CCEAD's campaign to reinstate DC's antidiscrimination laws (Beverly Jones, "Before Montgomery and Greensboro...", n. 16)
43	WUST Music Hall		815 V Street NW	1	Per “Black-oriented radio and the campaign for civil rights in the united states, 1945-1975” https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/376, was "a key centre for black activists visiting DC, including Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, and H. Rap Brown." Hosted voter registration campaigns; served as headquarters for 1963 March on Washington & promoted the event.
44
45	CONFLICT CENTERS
46	A&P grocery store		1801-1803 Ninth Street NW	1	Site of first NNA picket, Sep. 27, 1933, resulting in 2 arrests for carrying signs w/out a permit; NNA attorney later got charges dropped, but boycott of this A&P and two others ensued, resulting in the hiring of black manager here and 18 black clerks by Dec. 1933.					U Street
47	Anacostia Pool and Recreation Center		1800 Anacostia Drive, SE	8	Site of desegregation protests in 1949-1950.
48	Arcade Laundry		1006 Vermont Avenue NW	2	Site of 1937-41 labor strikes resulting in increased wages for mostly black labor force. Cultivated interracial organizing for racial equality and civil rights.
49	B.F. Keith's Theater (Riggs Building)		675 Fifteenth Street NW	2	Whites-only theater picketed in Jan. 1940 during screening of Abe Lincoln in Washington.
50	Browne Junior High School (Brown Education Campus)		850 26th Street NE	5	Subject of Carr v. Corning re desegregation of schools. Pickets held here and at Blow and Webb elementary schools, to which Browne JHS students had been temporarily transferred, in Dec. 1947.					Young, Brown, Phelps and Spingarn Educational Campus
51	Bureau of Engraving and Printing		Independence Avenue and Fourteenth Street SW		This was the site of protest against segregation of federal offices, led by Rosebud Murraye, et al., 1913. In 1943, African American clerk Tomlinson Todd finds record here of DC's "lost" anti-discrimination laws of 1872-73 (Murphy, 193).
52	Capitol Theatre		1320 F Street NW	Yes	Site of picketing in 1949, per photo in Constance Green, The Secret City. Per Afro, Apr 30, 1949, four black members of Woody Herman's orchestra barred from performing with the band. "The four musicians expressed surprise that they would be barred from playing with their fellow band members in the nation's capital, especially after touring the South, where embarrassment was expected but never occurred. In fact, they were accepted warmly."
53	Cardozo High School		1200 Clifton Street NW	1	Transferred to Colored Division as the result of black community protest; King spoke in stadium 3/12/1967.
54	Casualty Hospital		700 Constitution Ave NW	Yes	CORE/Julius Hobson picketed in July 1964; hospital desegregated as a result.
55	Childs Restaurant		2 Massachusetts Ave NW	6	Site of Feb. 13, 1949 sit-in by around 80 attendees of the Legislative Assembly and Rally to End Segregation and Discrimination, organized by E.B. Henderson.
56	Clark, William F. Residence		143 U Street NW	5	Household subject to white mob's effort to expel the family from Bloomingdale, much of which was racially restricted to whites only (1923).					Bloomingdale
57	Constitution Hall, DAR		311 18th Street NW	2	Subject of protest for barring Marion Anderson, leading to Anderson's 1939 Lincoln Memorial concert.					Seventeenth Street (not listed)
58	Cornish, Alyce and Henry Residence		2328 First Street NW	5	Site of legal challenge to racial covenants, leading to Cornish v. O’Donoghue (1929).					Bloomingdale
59	Corrigan, Irene Hand Residence (Corrigan v. Buckley)		1727 S Street NW	2	Site of legal challenge to racial covenants, leading to Corrigan v. Buckley (1926).					Dupont Circle
60	Franklin, Benjamin School		925 Thirteenth Street NW		Site of petitioning and picketing against unequal schools (Board of Education headquarters, 1928-68).
61	Gospel Spreading Association headquarters		101 U Street NW	5	Residence with racial covenant barring black occupancy purchased by Elder Solomon Michaux for his church. Court ruled in Michaux's favor (GSA Ass'n v. Bennetts)					Bloomingdale
62	Greyhound Bus Terminal		1100 New York Avenue NW	2	Origin site for Freedom Riders in 1947 and 1961 (FOR, CORE)
63	Hamburger Grill		1211 U Street NW	1	Site of picketing by New Negro Alliance (Dont' buy where you can't work) in Aug. 1933, leading to rehiring of 3 black employees.					U Street
64	Hecht Company (Hecht's department store)		575 Seventh St NW	2	Site of second of a series of picketing campaigns by the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws beginning May 1951. Lunch counter desegregated Jan 1952.					Downtown
65	Holland, Edna M. Residence		1324 Harvard Street NW	1	House bombed in retaliation for family's residence in racially restricted neighborhood, 1940.
66	Hundley, Mary Residence		2530 Thirteenth Street NW	1	Subject of successful challenge to racial covenant, 1941, per Hundley v. Gorewitz. Hundley was represented by Charles H. Houston.
67	Hurd, James and Mary Residence		116 Bryant Street NW	5	Subject of Hurd v. Hodge, DC companion case to Shelley v. Kraemer (ended enforcement of racial deed covenants), 1948					Bloomingdale
68	Kresge's		722 Seventh Street NW	2	Site of first pickets by Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. Anti-Discrimination Laws in Dec 1950-Jan 1951. Lunch counter desegregated after 6-8 weeks.
69	Lisner Auditorium, George Washington Univ.		730 21st Street NW		Site of picketing against segregation in 1946, leading university to open events to African Americans in 1947.
70	Mays, Clara Residence (Mays v. Burgess)		2213 First Street NW	5	Key predecessor case to Hurd v. Hodge, which ended enforcement of racial covenants in DC.					Bloomingdale
71	Memorial Continental Hall, DAR		1776 D Street NW		Auditorium here was the site of Dec. 1934 Natl Crime Conference, where NAACP leaders and Howard U. students organized by DC NAACP president Jennie McGuire picketed against lynching. Building designed by John Russell Pope.
72	National Theatre		1321 Pennsylvania Ave NW	2	Segregated theater/site of pickets or other protests in 1935 (led by Ralph Bunche) and 1936 (see Paula Austin, Coming of Age in Jim Crow DC, chap 2, n. 118). Sued by E.B. Henderson (who was represented by James A. Cobb, George E.C. Hayes and Leon Ransom) and picketed in 1946 by Committee for Racial Democracy (chaired by Ransom) for barring African Americans. Remained segregated until owner's lease expired in 1952.
73	Noyes Elementary School		2725 Tenth St NE	5	Subject of 1944 lawsuit brought by John P. Davis to desegregate DC public schools, after his son was turned away.
74	Park View Playground & Field House		693 Otis Place NW	5	Subject of conflict over segregated playground, 1949-1952.
75	Prince, Lawrence Residence		2205 Flagler Place NW	5	Household subject to white mob's effort to expel the family from Bloomingdale, much of which was racially restricted to whites(1923).					Bloomingdale
76	Rose Park		26th and P streets NW	2	Subject of conflict over segregated playgrounds. Integrated in 1949 via American Friends Service Committee. Recreation center dates to 1954.
77	Rosedale Playground		17th and Gales streets NE	6	Site of pickets by CORE, et al. to desegregate, 1948, 1952.
78	Russell, Edward Residence		77 Randolph Place NW	5	First DC house subject to lawsuit over racial covenant by agreement. (Covenant upheld in Russell v. Wallace, 1929.)					Bloomingdale
79	Sanitary Grocery		1936 Eleventh Street NW	1	Sites of New Negro Alliance's "Don't buy where you can't work" pickets in 1936, leading landmark decision NNA v. Sanitary Grocery, affirming protesters' right to picket.					U Street
80	Slowe, Lucy Diggs Elementary School (Mary McLeod Bethune Day Academy)		3115 14th Street NE	5	Est. 1948 as result of lawsuit brought to desegregate nearby Noyes ES.
81	Sousa Junior High School		3650 Ely Place SE	7	Subject of Supreme Court case Bolling v. Sharpe, which desegregated DC public schools. Associated w/ Gardner Bishop and other organizers, attorneys, community leaders.
82	Standard Drug		1748 Seventh Street NW	6	This was one of the businesses targeted by National Negro Alliance's "Don't buy where you can't work" campaign in 1933; began hiring African Americans as a result.
83	Stewart's Pharmacy		1600 U Street NW	2	Site of sit-in by interracial group of students in fall 1943.
84	Torrey, Earl and Minnie Residence		40 Randolph Place NW	5	First DC house subject to lawsuit over racial deed covenant per sale to African American. (Covenant upheld in 1925 per Torrey v. Wolfes.)					Bloomingdale
85	U.S. Capitol		National Mall		Site of 1930s protests by Howard U. students and others to demand integration of cafeteria.
86	Trenton Park Apartments		3647 Sixth St SE	8	CORE picketed rental office here in June-July 1964 for refusal to rent to African Americans, resulting in 7 arrests. Building desegregated as of July 2, 1964.
87	U.S. District Court (now D.C. Court of Appeals; formerly Old City Hall)		451 Indiana Avenue NW; 430 E Street NW	2	Site of legal conflicts over civil rights; former home of whites-only DC Bar Association and its library, desegregated in 1958 due to lawsuits brought by Huver Brown and Washington Bar Association in 1939 and 1950.
88	Uline Arena		201 M Street NE	6	Site of picketing led by E.B. Henderson, leading to desegregation in 1948.
89	Von Blasingame, Otis Residence		3303 Ames Street NE	7	Household subject to white mob's effort to expel the family from River Terrace, which had been largely restricted to whites only (1949).
90	Washington Hospital Center		100-110 Irving Street NW	5	Site of CORE/Julius Hobson "lie-in" and picketing, June 1964, resulting in desegregation of hospital, which had separated patients by race.
91	Wheatley Elementary School (Wheatley Education Campus)		1299 Neal St NE	5	Subject of 1952 case Williams v. Gannon to desegregate DC public schools. Case brought by Bishop Smallwood Williams on behalf of his son, who was rejected from enrolling. Smallwood and his son staged a sit-in in a first-grade classroom at Wheatley in March 1952.
92	Woodard, Dudley Weldon Residence		127 W Street NW	5	Household subject to white mob's effort to expel the family from Bloomingdale, much of which was racially restricted to whites only (1923).					Bloomingdale
93
94	KEY PERSONS
95	B & D Barbers		1502 U Street NW	2	Opened and operated by school desegregation activist leader Gardner LaClede Bishop, 1940-1985. Bishop co-led Consolidated Parents Group on behalf of families at overcrowded Browne JHS and in Anacostia, which lacked any black schools for JHS or HS. His group initiated demands for black entry to Sousa JHS, which became the basis for Bolling v. Sharpe (1954).					U Street
96	Booker, Reginald Residence		459 Luray Place NW	1	ECTC leader; protested police brutality, etc.
97	Bunche, Ralph J. Residence		1510 Jackson Street NE	5	Cofounded National Negro Congress ca. 1935; organized Howard U. students in protesting against segregated National Theater, etc. House designed by black architect Hilyard Robinson.
98	Butcher, Margaret Just Residence		1712 Sixteenth St NW, Apt. 706	2	As a member of the DC Board of Education (joined 1953), was an outspoken advocate for desegregation.					Sixteenth Street
99	Butler, Marian D. Residence		1752 T Street NW		Butler co-led the Women's Political Study Club (founded by attorney Jeanette Carter) in the 1920s and led a successful effort to prevent the Supreme Court appointment of a noted anti-black judge from her home state of S. Carolina. Testified before Congress in 1926 to support federal anti-lynching bill.
100	Dale, Thelma Residence		1269 Sumner Road SE	8	National Negro Congress member/ leader 1930s-40s; produced NNC's 1939 report on segregated recreation space in DC.
101	Davidson, Eugene C. Residence		1333 R Street NW	2	Cofounded & administered New Negro Alliance, 1930s; led DC NAACP 1952-58, including 1957 investigation of discriminatory treatment by the DC police; first black member of the DC real estate commission; edited three local black newspapers and helped negotiate for removal of racial designations in real estate ads.					Fourteenth Street
102	Davis, John Aubrey Residence		933 S Street NW	1	Founded New Negro Alliance in 1933; led pickets of stores/restaurants that barred or limited black employment, leading to New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery (1939). One of four directors of the President's Committee on Fair Employment Practices in 1943-46. Directed nonlegal research for NAACP's brief in Brown v. Board.					U Street
103	Davis, John P. Residence		3105 14th Street NE	5	Led National Negro Congress; fought for his daughter's admission to whites-only Noyes ES.					None
104	Fauntroy, Walter Residence		4105 17th Street NW	4	Helped coordinate the 1963 March on Washington; organized community-led urban renewal in Shaw; and was a leader in securing DC home rule.
105	Ferebee, Dorothy Boulding Residence		1809 Second Street NW	5	Public health provider/advocate; led National Council of Negro Women; advocated for fair employment, voting rights, etc.					Bloomingdale
106	Hamilton, Julia West Residence		320 U Street NW	1	Active leader in campaign against police brutality in 1936-41 and advocate for fair employment, etc. as president of Wheatley YWCA and Wash. Fed. of Colored Women's Clubs, and as an officer of the NACW.					LeDroit Park
107	Hastie, William Henry Residence		1707 S Street NW, Apt 1 (1941)	2	Lead attorney for Mays v. Burgess, Morgan v. Virginia; founding member of the New Negro Alliance (NNA); graduated Howard Law School in 1930 (and from Harvard Law in 1933).
108	Hayes, George E.C. (and Cobb, James Adlai) Residence		1732 S Street NW (1928-1960s)	2	Civil rights attorneys: Bolling v. Sharpe (Hayes); Cobb, Howard, and Hayes law partners; associated w/ Howard U. Law School.
109	Hobson, Julius Residence		4801 Queen's Chapel Terrace NE	5	Fought for equal housing, schools, voting rights, etc.; Plaintiff in successful desegregation case against DC public schools (Hobson v. Hanson).
110	Houston, Charles Hamilton Residence		3611 New Hampshire Avenue NW	1	Houston lived here by 1947, the period when he was most active in racial covenant cases, including Hurd v. Hodge.
111	Hunter, Alice Callis Residence		72 R Street NW	5	Served as the DC Board of Recreation's only black member from its founding in 1942 until 1955. Defied the board's chair and fellow members as an outspoken advocate for desegregating DC playgrounds.					Bloomingdale
112	Johnson, Georgia Douglas and Henry Lincoln Residence		1461 S Street NW	2	Hosted literary salons central to New Negro consciousness re artistic achievement as a vehicle for acceptance as full citizens.					U Street
113	Lawson, Belford V. and Marjorie M. (and Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.) Residence		8 Logan Circle NW	2	B. Lawson was lead attorney in New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery and involved in numerous desegregation lawsuits. M. Lawson was General Counsel for National Council of Negro Women; Rep. Powell's DC residence.					Logan Circle
114	Locke, Alain Residence		1326 R Street NW	2	Driver of "New Negro Renaissance," which centered intellectual, literary and artistic achievement as vehicles for acceptance as full citizens.					Fourteenth Street
115	Locke, Alain Residence		1326 R Street NW	2	Driver of "New Negro Renaissance," which centered intellectual, literary and artistic achievement as vehicles for acceptance as full citizens.					Fourteenth Street
116	Marshall, Thurgood Residence		64 G Street SW (built 1964)	6	Residence most associated w/ Thurgood Marshall, a graduate of Howard U. Law School who led the national NAACP LDF prior to his appointment as Solicitor General and then Supreme Court Justice.
117	Mazique, Jewell Residence		1861 California Street NW	1	Helped lead campaign to desegregate employment at Capital Transit, which operated DC's streetcars and buses.					Washington Heights
118	Miller, Louise Burrell Residence		1204 T Street NW	1	Plaintiff in Miller v. DC Board of Education (1952). Led to requirement that DC provide deaf education for African American students.					U Street
119	Nabrit, James Residence		654 Girard Street NW #206 (Harvard Manor Apts) per 1940 Census	5	Attorney for Bolling v. Sharpe; later became president of Howard U. Building may qualify if other signficant figures lived there, due to its proximity to Howard U.
120	National Training School for Women and Girls, Trades Hall		601 50th Street NE	7	Founded by civil rights leader and labor organizer Nannie Helen Burroughs.
121	Neil, James Lincoln Residence		906 T Street NW	1	Secretary of National Equal Rights League; attorney for black residents of Reno City; advocated against their eviction for construction of whites-only Deal JHS and Ft Reno Park. William Monroe Trotter stayed here when in DC.					U Street
122	Reeves, Frank D. Residence		7760 16th Street NW	4	Civil rights attorney; SCLC legal counsel; Howard Law professor.
123	Reeves, Frank D. Residence		3934 New Hampshire Avenue NW	4	Civil rights attorney; SCLC legal counsel; Howard Law professor.
124	Richardson, Marie Residence		1638 Florida Avenue NW	1	Labor/civil rights organizer; co-led campaign to desegregate Capital Transit, 1940s.					Strivers' Section
125	Terrell, Mary Church (and Robert) Residence		326 T Street NW (1903-1919)	1	Terrells integrated LeDroit Park; M. Terrell became vocal civil rights advocate during her years there; later co-led desegregation campaigning leading to Supreme Court's ruling against Thompson's Restaurant (1953).					LeDroit Park
126	Terrell, Mary Church (and Robert) Residence		1615 S Street NW (1920-1954)	1	Co-led movement to desegregate DC restaurants/theaters/hotels, culminating in Supreme Court's ruling against Thompson's Restaurant (1953).					Dupont Circle
127	Trenton Terrace		3333 and 3339 10th Place SE	8	Home to members of Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of the D.C. anti-Discrimination Laws (Annie Stein, Selma Samols, Marvin Caplan) and their civil rights attorneys Joseph Forer and David Rein,1940s-50s.
128	Tucker, Sterling Residence		6505 Sixteenth Street NW		Led Washington Urban League in 1956 until 1969, when he began his career on the DC Council.
129	Urciolo, Raphael Residence		4215 Argyle Terrace NW	4	Family of R. Urciolo (anti-covenant real estate broker and attorney, per Urciolo v. Hodge/1948) moved here ca. 1952; designed by Howard U. architect Howard H. Mackey.
130	Valentine, Geneva K. Residence		1131 Fairmont Street NW	1	Valentine opened housing to African Americans via real estate purchase and sales and advocacy (1940s).
131	Washington Informer, est. 1964 (Calvin W. Rolark)		715 G Street NW	2	Newspaper's founder was a civil rights activist.
132	Washington, Walter and Benetta Bullock Residence		408 - 410 T Street NW	1	Home of DC's first elected mayor per 1973 Home Rule Act.
133
134	NON-EXTANT SITES
135	American Council on Human Rights		?		Black fraternal lobbying organization; succesor to National Non-partisan Council on Public Affairs; cofounded by Belford Lawson, led by Elmer Henderson.
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137	Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)		1232 U Street NW	1	Co-organized pickets at Rosedale Playground; led marches/pickets under Julius Hobson's leadership.This address was also the site of attorney Belford V. Lawson, Jr.'s office in 1933, when he cofounded the New Negro Alliance.
138	D.C. Statehood Party Headquarters		1017 K Street NW	2	Site of organizing for DC self-governance and Congressional representation. Building is extant, but now a hotel.
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140	Grimke Family Residence		1415 Corcoran Street NW	2	Archibald Grimke led NAACP's DC branch in 1914-1925.
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146	Johnson, Georgia Douglas and Henry Lincoln Residence		1461 S Street NW	2	Hosted literary salons central to New Negro consciousness re artistic achievement as a vehicle for acceptance as full citizens.					U Street
147	Little Palace Cafe		14th and U NW (need address)	1	Site of successful sit-ins Pauli Murray, Ruth Powell, Patricia Roberts Harris and other Howard U. students, Apr 1943
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150	Miller, Kelly Residence Site		2225 Fourth Street NW	1	Advocated for civil rights as a Howard U. sociologist and as a newspaper columnist.
151	Mount Carmel Baptist Church		901 Third Street NW	6	Led by Rev. William Henry Jernagin, civil rights activist who partnered with Mary Church Terrell and others in desegregating restaurants, hotels, etc. per the Thompson decision in 1953. Current building dates to 1981.
152	NAACP, Washington Bureau		100 Massachusetts Avenue NW	6	Headquarters for Congressional liaison/lobbying arm of the national NAACP. Led by Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr.1950-1978.
153	National Association of Colored Women's Clubs		1114 O Street NW	2	Organizing site. See entry for 1601 R Street NW (national headquarters purchased 1928).
154	National Non-partisan Council on Public Affairs Headquarters		961 Florida Ave NW	1	In 1938, the National Non-partisan Council on Public Affairs (NPC), an outgrowth of the Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) sorority, became the first organization devoted to lobbying the federal government to advance African American civil rights.
155	New Bethel Baptist Church (Rev. Walter Fauntroy)		1739 Ninth Street NW	6	Led by Rev. Walter Fauntroy, who helped coordinate the 1963 March on Washington; organized community-led urban renewal in Shaw; and was a leader in securing DC home rule. Fauntroy later served as DC's nonvoting delegate to Congress. Current building dates to 1981.
156	People's Drug		2000 block 14th Street NW	1	Site of NNA picketing (Don't buy where you can't work), 1938-39, including by Natalie Moorman; site of successful interracial lunch counter sit-in, summer 1943; first window broken in April 1968 uprising.
157	Pitts Motor Hotel		1451 Belmont Street NW	1	Organizing site for national civil rights leaders during Poor People's Campaign, etc.
158	Ransom, Leon Residence Site		1512 Girard Street NW (1941, 1954)	5	Howard U. civil rights attorney active in legal campaign to end segregation of schools.
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160	Rosedale Playground		17th and Gales streets NE	6	Site of pickets by CORE, et al. to desegregate, 1948, 1952.
161	Shiloh Baptist Church		1500 Ninth Street NW	6	Headquarters for 1948 government cafeteria workers strike. Site of organizing for 1965 bus boycott. Hosted Dr. King and other prominent speakers.					Shaw
162	Southern Christian Leadership Conference Office		2000 Fourteenth Street NW	1	National civil rights organization led by Revs. King, Abernathy, etc. Organized 1963 March on Washington; Poor People's Campaign headquarters
163	St. Mary's Court Apartments		725 24th Street NW	2	Developed by the ADA in the 1930s as whites-only housing but instead housed African Americans per advocacy by Lincoln Civic Assn and Washington Housing Assn. Current building dates to 1978.
164	Standard Drug		1748 Seventh Street NW	6	This was one of the businesses targeted by National Negro Alliance's "Don't buy where you can't work" campaign in 1933; began hiring African Americans as a result.
165	Stein, Annie Residence		1103 Trenton Place SE	8	Stein co-led (served as Secretary) the Coordinating Committee for the Enforcement of Anti-Discrimination Laws in the early 1950s w/ Mary Church Terrell.
166	Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), D.C. branch (1968) Headquarters		1234 U Street NW	1	Organizing site.
167	Supreme Court of the United States		1 First Street NE	6	Associated with major civil rights decisions, e.g. Shelley v. Kraemer/Hurd v. Hodge (1948), Brown v. Board/Bolling v. Sharpe (1954), and w/ Justice Thurgood Marshall.
168	Thompson's Restaurant		725 14th Street NW	2	Subject of test case brought by DC Corporation Counsel after service was refused to Mary Church Terrell and CCEAD colleagues in Feb 1950. Resulting Supreme Court decision (DC v. John R. Thompson Co., 1953) led to reinstatement of DC's 1872-73 anti-discrimination laws.
169	United Cigar Store		1201 Pennsylvania Avenue NW	2	Site of sit-in by Howard U. students Ruth Powell, Marianne Musgrave, & Juanita Morrow, Jan. 1943
170	Urciolo Realty Co.		907 New York Avenue NW	2	Raphael Urciolo sold racially restricted housing to African Americans in the face of lawsuits (culminating in Urciolo v. Hodge) and being barred from the Washington Real Estate Board.
171	Washington Bee newspaper (William Calvin Chase)		1109 I Street NW	2	Advocated for civil rights; published annual list of lynchings; organizing site for National League of Republican Colored Women.
172	Washington Urban League		626 Third Street NW	1	Promoted fair employment and fair housing. Led by Sterling Tucker prior to his 1974 election to the DC Council.
173	Weaver, Robert Clifton Residence Site		3519 14th Street NE	5	Advocated for fair housing in his role as first HUD Secretary, etc. Authored seminal 1948 study on the state of housing for African Americans.
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